메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 108, Issue 417, 2003, Pages 38-50

Neuroanatomical circuits modulating fear and anxiety behaviors

Author keywords

Anxiety; Fear; Neuroanatomical circuits; Neurobiology

Indexed keywords

4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID; ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; CHOLECYSTOKININ; CORTICOTROPIN RELEASING FACTOR; NORADRENALIN; SEROTONIN; DIAZEPAM; FLUMAZENIL; IOMAZENIL; NEUROTRANSMITTER;

EID: 0141517336     PISSN: 00651591     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0447.108.s417.3.x     Document Type: Conference Paper
Times cited : (234)

References (180)
  • 1
    • 0032535354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fear the brain: Where have we been, and where are we going?
    • LEDOUX J. Fear and the brain: where have we been, and where are we going? Biol Psychiatry 1998;44:1229-1238.
    • (1998) Biol Psychiatry , vol.44 , pp. 1229-1238
    • Ledoux, J.1
  • 2
    • 0032535291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are different parts of the extended amygdala involved in fear versus anxiety?
    • DAVIS M. Are different parts of the extended amygdala involved in fear versus anxiety? Biol Psychiatry 1998;44:1239-1247.
    • (1998) Biol Psychiatry , vol.44 , pp. 1239-1247
    • Davis, M.1
  • 3
    • 0001013336 scopus 로고
    • Emotion
    • Mills J, Mountcastle VB, Plum F et al, eds. V. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins
    • LEDOUX JE. Emotion. In: MILLS J, MOUNTCASTLE VB, PLUM F et al, eds. Handbook of physiology - the nervous system V. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1987:373-417.
    • (1987) Handbook of Physiology - The Nervous System , pp. 373-417
    • Ledoux, J.E.1
  • 4
    • 0031471239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fear conditioning induces associative long-term potentiation in the amygdala
    • ROGAN MT, STAUBLI UV, LEDOUX JE. Fear conditioning induces associative long-term potentiation in the amygdala. Nature 1997;390:604-607.
    • (1997) Nature , vol.390 , pp. 604-607
    • Rogan, M.T.1    Staubli, U.V.2    Ledoux, J.E.3
  • 5
    • 0029851107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Networks related to the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex: A substrate for emotional behavior?
    • PRICE JL, CARMICHAEL ST, DREVETS WC. Networks related to the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex: a substrate for emotional behavior? Prog Brain Res 1996;107:523-536.
    • (1996) Prog Brain Res , vol.107 , pp. 523-536
    • Price, J.L.1    Carmichael, S.T.2    Drevets, W.C.3
  • 6
    • 0033610226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Organization of projections to the lateral amygdala from auditory and visual areas of the thalamus in the rat
    • DORON NN, LEDOUX JE. Organization of projections to the lateral amygdala from auditory and visual areas of the thalamus in the rat. J Comp Neurol 1999;412:383-409.
    • (1999) J Comp Neurol , vol.412 , pp. 383-409
    • Doron, N.N.1    Ledoux, J.E.2
  • 7
    • 0030347621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neuropsychology of anxiety: Reprise
    • GRAY JA, McNAUGHTON N. The neuropsychology of anxiety: reprise. Nebr Symp Motiv 1996;43:61-134.
    • (1996) Nebr Symp Motiv , vol.43 , pp. 61-134
    • Gray, J.A.1    McNaughton, N.2
  • 8
    • 0029045418 scopus 로고
    • Lesions of the fornix but not the entorhinal or perirhinal cortex interfere with contextual fear conditioning
    • PHILLIPS RG, LEDOUX JE. Lesions of the fornix but not the entorhinal or perirhinal cortex interfere with contextual fear conditioning. J Neurosci 1995;15:5308-5315.
    • (1995) J Neurosci , vol.15 , pp. 5308-5315
    • Phillips, R.G.1    Ledoux, J.E.2
  • 10
    • 0032910401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pain pathways involved in fear conditioning measured with fear-potentiated startle: Lesion studies
    • SHI C, DAVIS M. Pain pathways involved in fear conditioning measured with fear-potentiated startle: lesion studies. J Neurosci 1999;19:420-430.
    • (1999) J Neurosci , vol.19 , pp. 420-430
    • Shi, C.1    Davis, M.2
  • 11
    • 0038229156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Organization of intra-amygdaloid circuitries in the rat: An emerging framework for understanding functions of the amygdala
    • PITKANEN A, SAVANDER V, LEDOUX JE. Organization of intra-amygdaloid circuitries in the rat: an emerging framework for understanding functions of the amygdala. Trends Neurosci 1997;20:517-523.
    • (1997) Trends Neurosci , vol.20 , pp. 517-523
    • Pitkanen, A.1    Savander, V.2    Ledoux, J.E.3
  • 12
    • 0029002138 scopus 로고
    • Intrinsic connections of the rat amygdaloid complex: Projections originating in the lateral nucleus
    • PITKANEN A, STEFANACCI L, FARB CR et al. Intrinsic connections of the rat amygdaloid complex: projections originating in the lateral nucleus. J Comp Neurol 1995;356:288-310.
    • (1995) J Comp Neurol , vol.356 , pp. 288-310
    • Pitkanen, A.1    Stefanacci, L.2    Farb, C.R.3
  • 13
    • 0031550636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lateral nucleus of the rat amygdala is reciprocally connected with basal and accessory basal nuclei: A light and electron microscopy study
    • SAVANDER V, MIETTINEN R, LEDOUX JE et al. Lateral nucleus of the rat amygdala is reciprocally connected with basal and accessory basal nuclei: a light and electron microscopy study. Neuroscience 1997;77:767-781.
    • (1997) Neuroscience , vol.77 , pp. 767-781
    • Savander, V.1    Miettinen, R.2    Ledoux, J.E.3
  • 14
    • 0033232494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of norepinephrine in mediating stress hormone regulation of long-term memory storage: A critical involvement of the amygdala
    • FERRY B, ROOZENDAAL B, McGAUGH JL. Role of norepinephrine in mediating stress hormone regulation of long-term memory storage: a critical involvement of the amygdala. Biol Psychiatry 1999;46:1140-1152.
    • (1999) Biol Psychiatry , vol.46 , pp. 1140-1152
    • Ferry, B.1    Roozendaal, B.2    McGaugh, J.L.3
  • 15
    • 0029107645 scopus 로고
    • Emotion: Clues from the brain
    • LEDOUX JE. Emotion: clues from the brain. Annu Rev Psychol 1995;46:209-235.
    • (1995) Annu Rev Psychol , vol.46 , pp. 209-235
    • Ledoux, J.E.1
  • 16
    • 0033486013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term potentiation in the amygdala: A mechanism for emotional learning and memory
    • MAREN S. Long-term potentiation in the amygdala: a mechanism for emotional learning and memory. Trends Neurosci 1999;22:561-567.
    • (1999) Trends Neurosci , vol.22 , pp. 561-567
    • Maren, S.1
  • 17
    • 0001822592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Memory for objects in nonhuman primates
    • Gazzaniga MS, ed. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
    • MURRAY EA. Memory for objects in nonhuman primates. In: GAZZANIGA MS, ed. The new cognitive neurosciences. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press 2000:753-763.
    • (2000) The New Cognitive Neurosciences , pp. 753-763
    • Murray, E.A.1
  • 18
    • 0029585128 scopus 로고
    • Learning about categories in the absence of memory
    • SQUIRE LR, KNOWLTON BJ. Learning about categories in the absence of memory. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995;92:12470-12474.
    • (1995) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.92 , pp. 12470-12474
    • Squire, L.R.1    Knowlton, B.J.2
  • 19
    • 0034293170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Event-related activation in the human amygdala associates with later memory for individual emotional experience
    • CANLI T, ZHAO Z, BREWER J et al. Event-related activation in the human amygdala associates with later memory for individual emotional experience. J Neurosci 2000;20:RC99.
    • (2000) J Neurosci , vol.20
    • Canli, T.1    Zhao, Z.2    Brewer, J.3
  • 20
    • 0031149197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emotional memory: What does the amygdala do?
    • PHELPS EA, ANDERSON AK. Emotional memory: what does the amygdala do? Curr Biol 1997;7:R311-R314.
    • (1997) Curr Biol , vol.7
    • Phelps, E.A.1    Anderson, A.K.2
  • 21
    • 0002990134 scopus 로고
    • The amygdala contribution to emotion and memory: Current studies in humans
    • Ben-Ari Y, ed. New York: Elsevier
    • HALGREN E. The amygdala contribution to emotion and memory: current studies in humans. In: BEN-ARI Y, ed. The amygdaloid complex. New York: Elsevier, 1981:395-408.
    • (1981) The Amygdaloid Complex , pp. 395-408
    • Halgren, E.1
  • 22
    • 0020078564 scopus 로고
    • The role of the limbic system in experiential phenomena of temporal lobe epilepsy
    • GLOOR P, OLIVIER A, QUESNEY LF et al. The role of the limbic system in experiential phenomena of temporal lobe epilepsy. Ann Neurol 1982;12:129-144.
    • (1982) Ann Neurol , vol.12 , pp. 129-144
    • Gloor, P.1    Olivier, A.2    Quesney, L.F.3
  • 23
    • 0002433989 scopus 로고
    • Neurophysiology of the perception of intentions by primates
    • Gazzaniga MS, ed. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
    • BROTHERS L. Neurophysiology of the perception of intentions by primates. In: GAZZANIGA MS, ed. The cognitive neurosciences. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1995:1107-1116.
    • (1995) The Cognitive Neurosciences , pp. 1107-1116
    • Brothers, L.1
  • 24
    • 0017347734 scopus 로고
    • Projections from the amygdaloid complex and adjacent olfactory structures to the entorhinal cortex and to the subiculum in the rat and cat
    • KRETTEK JE, PRICE JL. Projections from the amygdaloid complex and adjacent olfactory structures to the entorhinal cortex and to the subiculum in the rat and cat. J Comp Neurol 1977;172:723-752.
    • (1977) J Comp Neurol , vol.172 , pp. 723-752
    • Krettek, J.E.1    Price, J.L.2
  • 25
    • 0028815534 scopus 로고
    • A positron emission tomographic study of simple phobic symptom provocation
    • RAUCH SL, SAVAGE CR, ALPERT NM et al. A positron emission tomographic study of simple phobic symptom provocation. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1995;52:20-28.
    • (1995) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.52 , pp. 20-28
    • Rauch, S.L.1    Savage, C.R.2    Alpert, N.M.3
  • 26
    • 0030009676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A symptom provocation study of posttraumatic stress disorder using positron emission tomography and script-driven imagery
    • RAUCH SL, VAN DER KOLK BA, FISLER RE et al. A symptom provocation study of posttraumatic stress disorder using positron emission tomography and script-driven imagery. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1996;53:380-387.
    • (1996) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.53 , pp. 380-387
    • Rauch, S.L.1    Van Der Kolk, B.A.2    Fisler, R.E.3
  • 27
    • 0030972768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroanatomical correlates of happiness, sadness, and disgust
    • LANE RD, REIMAN EM, AHERN GL et al. Neuroanatomical correlates of happiness, sadness, and disgust. Am J Psychiatry 1997;154:926-933.
    • (1997) Am J Psychiatry , vol.154 , pp. 926-933
    • Lane, R.D.1    Reiman, E.M.2    Ahern, G.L.3
  • 28
    • 0030969238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroanatomical correlates of externally and internally generated human emotion
    • REIMAN EM, LANE RD, AHERN GL et al. Neuroanatomical correlates of externally and internally generated human emotion. Am J Psychiatry 1997;154:918-925.
    • (1997) Am J Psychiatry , vol.154 , pp. 918-925
    • Reiman, E.M.1    Lane, R.D.2    Ahern, G.L.3
  • 29
    • 0034214397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Control of response selection by reinforcer value requires interaction of amygdala and orbital prefrontal cortex
    • BAXTER MG, PARKER A, LINDNER CC et al. Control of response selection by reinforcer value requires interaction of amygdala and orbital prefrontal cortex. J Neurosci 2000;20:4311-4319.
    • (2000) J Neurosci , vol.20 , pp. 4311-4319
    • Baxter, M.G.1    Parker, A.2    Lindner, C.C.3
  • 31
    • 0032983996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissociable deficits in the decision-making cognition of chronic amphetamine abusers, opiate abusers, patients with focal damage to prefrontal cortex, and tryptophan-deleted normal volunteers: Evidence for monoaminergic mechanisms
    • ROGERS RD, EVERITT BJ, BALDACCHINO A et al. Dissociable deficits in the decision-making cognition of chronic amphetamine abusers, opiate abusers, patients with focal damage to prefrontal cortex, and tryptophan-deleted normal volunteers: evidence for monoaminergic mechanisms. Neuropsychopharmacology 1999;20:322-339.
    • (1999) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.20 , pp. 322-339
    • Rogers, R.D.1    Everitt, B.J.2    Baldacchino, A.3
  • 32
    • 0028796623 scopus 로고
    • Learning mechanisms in the temporal lobe visual cortex
    • ROLLS ET. Learning mechanisms in the temporal lobe visual cortex. Behav Brain Res 1995;66:177-185.
    • (1995) Behav Brain Res , vol.66 , pp. 177-185
    • Rolls, E.T.1
  • 33
    • 0033581958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The amygdala modulates prefrontal cortex activity relative to conditioned fear
    • GARCIA R, VOUIMBA RM, BAUDRY M et al. The amygdala modulates prefrontal cortex activity relative to conditioned fear. Nature 1999;402:294-296.
    • (1999) Nature , vol.402 , pp. 294-296
    • Garcia, R.1    Vouimba, R.M.2    Baudry, M.3
  • 34
    • 0029154914 scopus 로고
    • Differential contribution of dorsal and ventral medial prefrontal cortex to the acquisition and extinction of conditioned fear in rats
    • MORGAN MA, LEDOUX JE. Differential contribution of dorsal and ventral medial prefrontal cortex to the acquisition and extinction of conditioned fear in rats. Behav Neurosci 1995;109:681-688.
    • (1995) Behav Neurosci , vol.109 , pp. 681-688
    • Morgan, M.A.1    Ledoux, J.E.2
  • 35
    • 0040246220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The organization of networks within the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex of rats, monkeys and humans
    • ÖNGÜR D, PRICE JL. The organization of networks within the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex of rats, monkeys and humans. Cereb Cortex 2000;10:206-219.
    • (2000) Cereb Cortex , vol.10 , pp. 206-219
    • Öngür, D.1    Price, J.L.2
  • 36
    • 0034663007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of ventromedial prefrontal cortex in the recovery of extinguished fear
    • QUIRK GJ, RUSSO GK, BARRON JL et al. The role of ventromedial prefrontal cortex in the recovery of extinguished fear. J Neurosci 2000;20:6225-6231.
    • (2000) J Neurosci , vol.20 , pp. 6225-6231
    • Quirk, G.J.1    Russo, G.K.2    Barron, J.L.3
  • 37
    • 0034667345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroimaging studies of mood disorders
    • DREVETS WC. Neuroimaging studies of mood disorders. Biol Psychiatry 2000;48:813-829.
    • (2000) Biol Psychiatry , vol.48 , pp. 813-829
    • Drevets, W.C.1
  • 38
    • 0000814734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reciprocal suppression of regional cerebral blood flow during emotional versus higher cognitive processes: Implications for interactions between emotion and cognition
    • DREVETS WC, RAICHLE ME. Reciprocal suppression of regional cerebral blood flow during emotional versus higher cognitive processes: implications for interactions between emotion and cognition. Cogn Emotion 1998;12:353-385.
    • (1998) Cogn Emotion , vol.12 , pp. 353-385
    • Drevets, W.C.1    Raichle, M.E.2
  • 39
    • 0029560538 scopus 로고
    • Limbic connections of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in macaque monkeys
    • CARMICHAEL ST, PRICE JL. Limbic connections of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in macaque monkeys. J Comp Neurol 1995;363:615-641.
    • (1995) J Comp Neurol , vol.363 , pp. 615-641
    • Carmichael, S.T.1    Price, J.L.2
  • 40
    • 0017087491 scopus 로고
    • The efferent projections of the medial prefrontal cortex in the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus)
    • LEICHNETZ GR, ASTRUC J. The efferent projections of the medial prefrontal cortex in the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus). Brain Res 1976;109:455-472.
    • (1976) Brain Res , vol.109 , pp. 455-472
    • Leichnetz, G.R.1    Astruc, J.2
  • 41
    • 0025684575 scopus 로고
    • Individuals with sociopathic behavior caused by frontal damage fail to respond autonomically to social stimuli
    • DAMASIO AR, TRANEL D, DAMASIO H. Individuals with sociopathic behavior caused by frontal damage fail to respond autonomically to social stimuli. Behav Brain Res 1990;41:81-94.
    • (1990) Behav Brain Res , vol.41 , pp. 81-94
    • Damasio, A.R.1    Tranel, D.2    Damasio, H.3
  • 42
    • 0030457209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural activation during covert processing of positive emotional facial expressions
    • DOLAN RJ, FLETCHER P, MORRIS J et al. Neural activation during covert processing of positive emotional facial expressions. Neuroimage 1996;4:194-200.
    • (1996) Neuroimage , vol.4 , pp. 194-200
    • Dolan, R.J.1    Fletcher, P.2    Morris, J.3
  • 43
    • 0000336240 scopus 로고
    • Regional cerebral blood flow changes during anticipatory anxiety
    • DREVETS WC, VIDEEN TO, SNYDER AZ et al. Regional cerebral blood flow changes during anticipatory anxiety. Soc Neurosci Abstract 1994;20:368.
    • (1994) Soc Neurosci Abstract , vol.20 , pp. 368
    • Drevets, W.C.1    Videen, T.O.2    Snyder, A.Z.3
  • 44
    • 0002518401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroimaging in psychiatry
    • Guze SB, ed. St. Louis, MO: Mosby
    • DREVETS WC, BOTTERON K. Neuroimaging in psychiatry. In: GUZE SB, ed. Adult psychiatry. St. Louis, MO: Mosby, 1997:53-81.
    • (1997) Adult Psychiatry , pp. 53-81
    • Drevets, W.C.1    Botteron, K.2
  • 45
    • 0001482155 scopus 로고
    • From motivation to action: A review of dopaminergic regulation of limbic, nucleus accumbens, ventral pallidum, pedunculopontine nucleus circuitries involved in limbic-motor integration
    • Kalivas PW, Barnes CD, eds. London: CRC Press
    • MOGENSON GJ, BRUDZYNSKI SM, WU M et al. From motivation to action: a review of dopaminergic regulation of limbic, nucleus accumbens, ventral pallidum, pedunculopontine nucleus circuitries involved in limbic-motor integration. In: KALIVAS PW, BARNES CD, eds. Limbic motor circuits and neuropsychiatry. London: CRC Press, 1993:193-236.
    • (1993) Limbic Motor Circuits and Neuropsychiatry , pp. 193-236
    • Mogenson, G.J.1    Brudzynski, S.M.2    Wu, M.3
  • 46
    • 0034059124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emotion, decision making and the orbitofrontal cortex
    • BECHARA A, DAMASIO H, DAMASIO AR. Emotion, decision making and the orbitofrontal cortex. Cereb Cortex 2000;10:295-307.
    • (2000) Cereb Cortex , vol.10 , pp. 295-307
    • Bechara, A.1    Damasio, H.2    Damasio, A.R.3
  • 47
    • 0033168134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The retrosplenial cortex and emotion: New insights from functional imaging of the human brain
    • MADDOCK RJ. The retrosplenial cortex and emotion: new insights from functional imaging of the human brain. Trends Neurosci 1999;22:310-316.
    • (1999) Trends Neurosci , vol.22 , pp. 310-316
    • Maddock, R.J.1
  • 48
    • 0021131757 scopus 로고
    • A focal brain abnormality in panic disorder, a severe form of anxiety
    • REIMAN E, RAICHLE MF, BUTLER K et al. A focal brain abnormality in panic disorder, a severe form of anxiety. Nature 1984;310:683-685.
    • (1984) Nature , vol.310 , pp. 683-685
    • Reiman, E.1    Raichle, M.F.2    Butler, K.3
  • 49
    • 0025045260 scopus 로고
    • Cerebral glucose metabolic differences in patients with panic disorder
    • NORDAHL TE, SEMPLE WE, GROSS M et al. Cerebral glucose metabolic differences in patients with panic disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 1990;3:261-272.
    • (1990) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.3 , pp. 261-272
    • Nordahl, T.E.1    Semple, W.E.2    Gross, M.3
  • 50
    • 0031695862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral glucose metabolism in women with panic disorder
    • BISAGA A, KATZ JL, ANTONINI A et al. Cerebral glucose metabolism in women with panic disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1998;155:1178-1183.
    • (1998) Am J Psychiatry , vol.155 , pp. 1178-1183
    • Bisaga, A.1    Katz, J.L.2    Antonini, A.3
  • 51
    • 0027195196 scopus 로고
    • Brain perfusion abnormalities in drug-na, lactate-sensitive panic patients: A SPECT study
    • DE CRISTOFARO MT, SESSAREGO A, PUPI A et al. Brain perfusion abnormalities in drug-na, lactate-sensitive panic patients: a SPECT study. Biol Psychiatry 1993;33:505-512.
    • (1993) Biol Psychiatry , vol.33 , pp. 505-512
    • De Cristofaro, M.T.1    Sessarego, A.2    Pupi, A.3
  • 52
    • 0024342711 scopus 로고
    • Neuroanatomical correlates of a lactate-induced anxiety attack
    • REIMAN EM, RAICHLE ME, ROBINS E et al. Neuroanatomical correlates of a lactate-induced anxiety attack. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1989;46:493-500.
    • (1989) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.46 , pp. 493-500
    • Reiman, E.M.1    Raichle, M.E.2    Robins, E.3
  • 53
    • 0030803716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The functional neuroanatomy of anxiety: A study of three disorders using positron emission tomography and symptom provocation
    • RAUCH SL, SAVAGE CR, ALPERT NM et al. The functional neuroanatomy of anxiety: a study of three disorders using positron emission tomography and symptom provocation. Biol Psychiatry 1997;42:446-452.
    • (1997) Biol Psychiatry , vol.42 , pp. 446-452
    • Rauch, S.L.1    Savage, C.R.2    Alpert, N.M.3
  • 54
    • 0028990812 scopus 로고
    • Functional neuroanatomy of CCK4-induced anxiety in normal healthy volunteers
    • BENKELFAT C, BRADWEJN J, MEYER E et al. Functional neuroanatomy of CCK4-induced anxiety in normal healthy volunteers. Am J Psychiatry 1995;152:1180-1184.
    • (1995) Am J Psychiatry , vol.152 , pp. 1180-1184
    • Benkelfat, C.1    Bradwejn, J.2    Meyer, E.3
  • 55
  • 56
    • 0028036323 scopus 로고
    • Regional cerebral blood flow measured during symptom provocation in obsessive-compulsive disorder using oxygen 15-labeled carbon dioxide and positron emission tomography
    • RAUCH SL, JENIKE MA, ALPERT NM et al. Regional cerebral blood flow measured during symptom provocation in obsessive-compulsive disorder using oxygen 15-labeled carbon dioxide and positron emission tomography. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1994;51:62-70.
    • (1994) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.51 , pp. 62-70
    • Rauch, S.L.1    Jenike, M.A.2    Alpert, N.M.3
  • 57
    • 0033120930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subcortical correlates of differential classical conditioning of aversive emotional reactions in social phobia
    • SCHNEIDER F, WEISS U, KESSLER C et al. Subcortical correlates of differential classical conditioning of aversive emotional reactions in social phobia. Biol Psychiatry 1999;45:863-871.
    • (1999) Biol Psychiatry , vol.45 , pp. 863-871
    • Schneider, F.1    Weiss, U.2    Kessler, C.3
  • 58
    • 0033118886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain activation in PTSD in response to trauma-related stimuli
    • LIBERZON I, TAYLOR SF, AMDUR R et al. Brain activation in PTSD in response to trauma-related stimuli. Biol Psychiatry 1999;45:817-826.
    • (1999) Biol Psychiatry , vol.45 , pp. 817-826
    • Liberzon, I.1    Taylor, S.F.2    Amdur, R.3
  • 59
    • 0032946734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional cerebral blood flow during script-driven imagery in childhood sexual abuse-related PTSD: A PET investigation
    • SHIN LM, MCNALLY RJ, KOSSLYN SM et al. Regional cerebral blood flow during script-driven imagery in childhood sexual abuse-related PTSD: a PET investigation. Am J Psychiatry 1999;156:575-584.
    • (1999) Am J Psychiatry , vol.156 , pp. 575-584
    • Shin, L.M.1    McNally, R.J.2    Kosslyn, S.M.3
  • 60
    • 0030892290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visual imagery and perception in posttraumatic stress disorder. A positron emission tomographic investigation
    • SHIN LM, KOSSLYN SM, MCNALLY RJ et al. Visual imagery and perception in posttraumatic stress disorder. A positron emission tomographic investigation. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1997;54:233-241.
    • (1997) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.54 , pp. 233-241
    • Shin, L.M.1    Kosslyn, S.M.2    McNally, R.J.3
  • 61
    • 0029913212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noradrenergic mechanisms in stress and anxiety. I. Preclinical studies
    • BREMNER JD, KRYSTAL JH, SOUTHWICK SM et al. Noradrenergic mechanisms in stress and anxiety. I. Preclinical studies. Synapse 1996;23:28-38.
    • (1996) Synapse , vol.23 , pp. 28-38
    • Bremner, J.D.1    Krystal, J.H.2    Southwick, S.M.3
  • 62
    • 0029970259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (1996b) Noradrenergic mechanisms in stress and anxiety. II. Clinical studies
    • BREMNER JD, KRYSTAL JH, SOUTHWICK SM et al. (1996b) Noradrenergic mechanisms in stress and anxiety. II. Clinical studies. Synapse 1996;23:39-51.
    • (1996) Synapse , vol.23 , pp. 39-51
    • Bremner, J.D.1    Krystal, J.H.2    Southwick, S.M.3
  • 63
    • 0034193435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exaggerated amygdala response to masked facial stimuli in posttraumatic stress disorder: A functional MRI study
    • RAUCH SL, WHALEN PJ, SHIN LM et al. Exaggerated amygdala response to masked facial stimuli in posttraumatic stress disorder: a functional MRI study. Biol Psychiatry 2000;47:769-776.
    • (2000) Biol Psychiatry , vol.47 , pp. 769-776
    • Rauch, S.L.1    Whalen, P.J.2    Shin, L.M.3
  • 64
    • 0029044351 scopus 로고
    • MRI-based measurement hippocampal volume patients with combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder
    • BREMNER JD, RANDALL P, SCOTT TM et al. MRI-based measurement hippocampal volume patients with combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Amer J Psych 1995;152:973-981.
    • (1995) Amer J Psych , vol.152 , pp. 973-981
    • Bremner, J.D.1    Randall, P.2    Scott, T.M.3
  • 65
    • 0031024960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic resonance imaging-based measurement of hippocampal volume in posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood physical and sexual abuse - A preliminary report
    • BREMNER JD, RANDALL P, VERMETTEN E et al. Magnetic resonance imaging-based measurement of hippocampal volume in posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood physical and sexual abuse - a preliminary report. Biol Psychiatry 1997;41:23-32.
    • (1997) Biol Psychiatry , vol.41 , pp. 23-32
    • Bremner, J.D.1    Randall, P.2    Vermetten, E.3
  • 66
    • 0030560641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic resonance imaging study of hippocampal volume in chronic combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder
    • GURVITS TV, SHENTON ME, HOKAMA H et al. Magnetic resonance imaging study of hippocampal volume in chronic combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry 1996;40:1091-1099.
    • (1996) Biol Psychiatry , vol.40 , pp. 1091-1099
    • Gurvits, T.V.1    Shenton, M.E.2    Hokama, H.3
  • 67
    • 0030860094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hippocampal volume in women victimized by childhood sexual abuse
    • STEIN MB, KOVEROLA C, HANNA C et al. Hippocampal volume in women victimized by childhood sexual abuse. Psychol Med 1997;27:951-959.
    • (1997) Psychol Med , vol.27 , pp. 951-959
    • Stein, M.B.1    Koverola, C.2    Hanna, C.3
  • 68
    • 0019429775 scopus 로고
    • Alterations in brain norepinephrine metabolism and behavior induced by environmental stimuli previously paired with inescapable shock
    • CASSENS G, KURUC A, ROFFMAN M et al. Alterations in brain norepinephrine metabolism and behavior induced by environmental stimuli previously paired with inescapable shock. Behav Brain Res 1981;2:387-407.
    • (1981) Behav Brain Res , vol.2 , pp. 387-407
    • Cassens, G.1    Kuruc, A.2    Roffman, M.3
  • 69
    • 0022468439 scopus 로고
    • Single unit activity of locus coeruleus neurons in the freely moving cat. I. During naturalistic behaviors and in response to simple and complex stimuli
    • RASMUSSEN K, MORILAK DA, JACOBS BL. Single unit activity of locus coeruleus neurons in the freely moving cat. I. During naturalistic behaviors and in response to simple and complex stimuli. Brain Res 1986;371:324-334.
    • (1986) Brain Res , vol.371 , pp. 324-334
    • Rasmussen, K.1    Morilak, D.A.2    Jacobs, B.L.3
  • 70
    • 0002634836 scopus 로고
    • Studies of the nucleus locus coeruleus in monkeys and hypotheses for neuropsychopharmacology
    • Meltzer HY, ed. New York: Raven Press
    • REDMOND DF Jr. Studies of the nucleus locus coeruleus in monkeys and hypotheses for neuropsychopharmacology. In: MELTZER HY, ed. Psychopharmacology: the third generation of progress. New York: Raven Press, 1987:967-975.
    • (1987) Psychopharmacology: The Third Generation of Progress , pp. 967-975
    • Redmond D.F., Jr.1
  • 71
    • 0023406643 scopus 로고
    • Single-unit response of noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus of freely moving cats I. Acutely presented stressful and nonstressful stimuli
    • ABERCROMBIE ED, JACOBS BL. Single-unit response of noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus of freely moving cats I. Acutely presented stressful and nonstressful stimuli. J Neurosci 1987;7:2837-2843.
    • (1987) J Neurosci , vol.7 , pp. 2837-2843
    • Abercrombie, E.D.1    Jacobs, B.L.2
  • 72
    • 0021249631 scopus 로고
    • Noradrenergic function in panic anxiety: Effects of yohimbine in healthy subjects and patients with agoraphobia and panic disorder
    • CHARNEY DS, HENINGER GR, BREIER A. Noradrenergic function in panic anxiety: effects of yohimbine in healthy subjects and patients with agoraphobia and panic disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1984;41:751-763.
    • (1984) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.41 , pp. 751-763
    • Charney, D.S.1    Heninger, G.R.2    Breier, A.3
  • 73
    • 0023205889 scopus 로고
    • Neurobiological mechanisms of panic anxiety: Biochemical and behavioral correlates of yohimbine-induced panic attacks
    • CHARNEY DS, WOODS SW, GOODMAN WK et al. Neurobiological mechanisms of panic anxiety: biochemical and behavioral correlates of yohimbine-induced panic attacks. Am J Psychiatry 1987;144:1030-1036.
    • (1987) Am J Psychiatry , vol.144 , pp. 1030-1036
    • Charney, D.S.1    Woods, S.W.2    Goodman, W.K.3
  • 74
    • 0033013682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fear-potentiated startle conditioning to explicit and contextual cues in Gulf War veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder
    • GRILLON C, MORGAN CA. Fear-potentiated startle conditioning to explicit and contextual cues in Gulf War veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. J Abnorm Psych 1999;108:134-142.
    • (1999) J Abnorm Psych , vol.108 , pp. 134-142
    • Grillon, C.1    Morgan, C.A.2
  • 75
    • 0025838807 scopus 로고
    • Afferent regulation of locus coeruleus neurons: Anatomy, physiology and pharmacology
    • ASTON-JONES G, SHIPLEY MT, CHOUVET G et al. Afferent regulation of locus coeruleus neurons: anatomy, physiology and pharmacology. Prog Brain Res 1991;88:47-75.
    • (1991) Prog Brain Res , vol.88 , pp. 47-75
    • Aston-Jones, G.1    Shipley, M.T.2    Chouvet, G.3
  • 76
    • 0001772891 scopus 로고
    • Psychophysiological evidence for autonomic arousal and startle in traumatized adult populations
    • Friedman MJ, Charney DS, Deutch AY, eds. New York: Raven Press
    • PRINS A, KALOUPCK DG, KEANE TM. Psychophysiological evidence for autonomic arousal and startle in traumatized adult populations. In: FRIEDMAN MJ, CHARNEY DS, DEUTCH AY, eds. Neurobiological and clinical consequences of stress: from normal adaptation to PTSD. New York: Raven Press, 1995:291-314.
    • (1995) Neurobiological and Clinical Consequences of Stress: From Normal Adaptation to PTSD , pp. 291-314
    • Prins, A.1    Kaloupck, D.G.2    Keane, T.M.3
  • 77
    • 0030744529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urinary excretion of cortisol, norepinephrine, testosterone, and melatonin in panic disorder
    • BANDELOW B, SENGOS G, WEDEKIND D et al. Urinary excretion of cortisol, norepinephrine, testosterone, and melatonin in panic disorder. Pharmacopsychiatry 1997;30:113-117.
    • (1997) Pharmacopsychiatry , vol.30 , pp. 113-117
    • Bandelow, B.1    Sengos, G.2    Wedekind, D.3
  • 78
    • 0031744777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sympathetic activity in patients with panic disorder at rest, under laboratory mental stress, and during panic attacks
    • WILKINSON D, THOMPSON JM, LAMBERT GW et al. Sympathetic activity in patients with panic disorder at rest, under laboratory mental stress, and during panic attacks. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1998;55:511-520.
    • (1998) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.55 , pp. 511-520
    • Wilkinson, D.1    Thompson, J.M.2    Lambert, G.W.3
  • 79
    • 0023829628 scopus 로고
    • Normal urinary free cortisol and plasma MHPG in panic disorder: Clinical and theoretical implications
    • UHDE TW, JOFFE RT, JIMERSON DC et al. Normal urinary free cortisol and plasma MHPG in panic disorder: clinical and theoretical implications. Biol Psychiatry 1988;23:575-585.
    • (1988) Biol Psychiatry , vol.23 , pp. 575-585
    • Uhde, T.W.1    Joffe, R.T.2    Jimerson, D.C.3
  • 80
    • 0024551705 scopus 로고
    • Altered central alpha2-adrenoceptor sensitivity in panic disorder
    • NUTT DJ. Altered central alpha2-adrenoceptor sensitivity in panic disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1989;46:165-169.
    • (1989) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.46 , pp. 165-169
    • Nutt, D.J.1
  • 81
    • 0029083207 scopus 로고
    • Uncoupling of the noradrenergic-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in panic disorder patients
    • COPLAN JD, PINE D, PAPP L et al. Uncoupling of the noradrenergic-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in panic disorder patients. Neuropsychopharmacology 1995;13:65-73.
    • (1995) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.13 , pp. 65-73
    • Coplan, J.D.1    Pine, D.2    Papp, L.3
  • 82
    • 0028952256 scopus 로고
    • Persistence of blunted human growth hormone response to clonidine in fluoxetine-treated patients with panic disorder
    • COPLAN JD, PAPP LA, MARTINEZ JA et al. Persistence of blunted human growth hormone response to clonidine in fluoxetine-treated patients with panic disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1995;152:619-622.
    • (1995) Am J Psychiatry , vol.152 , pp. 619-622
    • Coplan, J.D.1    Papp, L.A.2    Martinez, J.A.3
  • 83
    • 0025034380 scopus 로고
    • Plasma 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylene glycol (MHPG) and growth hormone responses to yohimbine in panic disorder patients and normal controls
    • GURGUIS GN, UHDE TW. Plasma 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylene glycol (MHPG) and growth hormone responses to yohimbine in panic disorder patients and normal controls. Psychoneuroendocrinology 1990;15:217-227.
    • (1990) Psychoneuroendocrinology , vol.15 , pp. 217-227
    • Gurguis, G.N.1    Uhde, T.W.2
  • 84
    • 0030738310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioral, sympathetic and adrenocortical responses to yohimbine in panic disorder patients and normal controls
    • GURGUIS GN, VITTON BJ, UHDE TW. Behavioral, sympathetic and adrenocortical responses to yohimbine in panic disorder patients and normal controls. Psychiatry Res 1997;71:27-39.
    • (1997) Psychiatry Res , vol.71 , pp. 27-39
    • Gurguis, G.N.1    Vitton, B.J.2    Uhde, T.W.3
  • 85
    • 0026655496 scopus 로고
    • Anxiogenic properties of yohimbine: Behavioral, physiological and biochemical measures
    • ALBUS M, ZAHN TP, BRIER A. Anxiogenic properties of yohimbine: behavioral, physiological and biochemical measures. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 1992;241:337-344.
    • (1992) Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci , vol.241 , pp. 337-344
    • Albus, M.1    Zahn, T.P.2    Brier, A.3
  • 86
    • 0033862289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of yohimbine on cerebral blood flow, symptoms, and physiological functions in humans
    • CAMERON OG, ZUBIETA JK, GRUNHAUS L et al. Effects of yohimbine on cerebral blood flow, symptoms, and physiological functions in humans. Psychosom Med 2000;62:549-559.
    • (2000) Psychosom Med , vol.62 , pp. 549-559
    • Cameron, O.G.1    Zubieta, J.K.2    Grunhaus, L.3
  • 87
    • 0026445476 scopus 로고
    • Noradrenergic neuronal dysregulation in panic disorder: The effects of intravenous yohimbine and clonidine in panic disorder patients
    • CHARNEY DS, WOODS SW, KRYSTAL JH et al. Noradrenergic neuronal dysregulation in panic disorder: the effects of intravenous yohimbine and clonidine in panic disorder patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1992;86:273-282.
    • (1992) Acta Psychiatr Scand , vol.86 , pp. 273-282
    • Charney, D.S.1    Woods, S.W.2    Krystal, J.H.3
  • 88
    • 0026786295 scopus 로고
    • Effects of yohimbine on heart rate variability in panic disorder patients and normal controls: A study of power spectral analysis of heart rate
    • YERAGANI VK, BERGER R, POHL R et al. Effects of yohimbine on heart rate variability in panic disorder patients and normal controls: a study of power spectral analysis of heart rate. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1992;20:609-618.
    • (1992) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol , vol.20 , pp. 609-618
    • Yeragani, V.K.1    Berger, R.2    Pohl, R.3
  • 89
    • 8044229432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positron emission tomography measurement of cerebral metabolic correlates of yohimbine administration in combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder
    • BREMNER JD, INNIS RB, NG CK et al. Positron emission tomography measurement of cerebral metabolic correlates of yohimbine administration in combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1997;54:246-254.
    • (1997) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.54 , pp. 246-254
    • Bremner, J.D.1    Innis, R.B.2    Ng, C.K.3
  • 90
    • 0027447306 scopus 로고
    • Abnormal noradrenergic function in posttraumatic stress disorder
    • SOUTHWICK SM, KRYSTAL JH, MORGAN CA et al. Abnormal noradrenergic function in posttraumatic stress disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1993;50:266-274.
    • (1993) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.50 , pp. 266-274
    • Southwick, S.M.1    Krystal, J.H.2    Morgan, C.A.3
  • 91
    • 0030810755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noradrenergic and serotonergic function in posttraumatic stress disorder
    • SOUTHWICK SM, KRYSTAL JH, BREMNER JD et al. Noradrenergic and serotonergic function in posttraumatic stress disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1997;54:749-758.
    • (1997) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.54 , pp. 749-758
    • Southwick, S.M.1    Krystal, J.H.2    Bremner, J.D.3
  • 92
    • 0028917715 scopus 로고
    • Abuse-related posttraumatic stress disorder: Evidence for chronic neuroendocrine activation in women
    • LEMIEUX AM, COE CL. Abuse-related posttraumatic stress disorder: evidence for chronic neuroendocrine activation in women Psychosom Med 1995;57:105-115.
    • (1995) Psychosom Med , vol.57 , pp. 105-115
    • Lemieux, A.M.1    Coe, C.L.2
  • 93
    • 0034111804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urinary catecholamines and cortisol in recent-onset posttraumatic stress disorder after motor vehicle accidents
    • HAWK LW, DOUGALL AL, URSANO RJ et al. Urinary catecholamines and cortisol in recent-onset posttraumatic stress disorder after motor vehicle accidents. Psychosom Med 2000;62:423-434.
    • (2000) Psychosom Med , vol.62 , pp. 423-434
    • Hawk, L.W.1    Dougall, A.L.2    Ursano, R.J.3
  • 94
    • 0033561925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A.E. Bennett Research Award. Developmental traumatology. Part I. Biological stress systems
    • DE BELLIS MD, BAUM AS, BIRMAHER B et al. A.E. Bennett Research Award. Developmental traumatology. Part I. Biological stress systems. Biol Psychiatry 1999;45:1259-1270.
    • (1999) Biol Psychiatry , vol.45 , pp. 1259-1270
    • De Bellis, M.D.1    Baum, A.S.2    Birmaher, B.3
  • 95
    • 0026731552 scopus 로고
    • Basal sympatho-adrenal function in posttraumatic stress disorder
    • MCFALL ME, VEITH RC, MURBURG MM. Basal sympatho-adrenal function in posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry 1992;31:1050-1056.
    • (1992) Biol Psychiatry , vol.31 , pp. 1050-1056
    • McFall, M.E.1    Veith, R.C.2    Murburg, M.M.3
  • 96
    • 0025800973 scopus 로고
    • Changes in plasma norepinephrine to combat-related stimuli among Vietnam veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder
    • BLANCHARD EB, KOLB LC, PRINS A et al. Changes in plasma norepinephrine to combat-related stimuli among Vietnam veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. J Nerv Ment Dis 1991;179:371-373.
    • (1991) J Nerv Ment Dis , vol.179 , pp. 371-373
    • Blanchard, E.B.1    Kolb, L.C.2    Prins, A.3
  • 97
    • 0034893540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CSF norepinephrine concentrations in posttraumatic stress disorder
    • GERACIOTI TD, BAKER DG, EKHATOR NN et al. CSF norepinephrine concentrations in posttraumatic stress disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2001;158:1227-1230.
    • (2001) Am J Psychiatry , vol.158 , pp. 1227-1230
    • Geracioti, T.D.1    Baker, D.G.2    Ekhator, N.N.3
  • 98
    • 0025246034 scopus 로고
    • Hypercortisolism and its possible neural bases
    • SAPOLSKY RM, PLOTSKY PM. Hypercortisolism and its possible neural bases. Biol Psychiatry 1990;27:937-952.
    • (1990) Biol Psychiatry , vol.27 , pp. 937-952
    • Sapolsky, R.M.1    Plotsky, P.M.2
  • 99
    • 0023637673 scopus 로고
    • Effects of chronic stress on plasma corticosterone, ACTH and prolactin
    • KANT GJ, LEU JR, ANDERSON SM et al. Effects of chronic stress on plasma corticosterone, ACTH and prolactin. Physiol Behav 1987;40:775-779.
    • (1987) Physiol Behav , vol.40 , pp. 775-779
    • Kant, G.J.1    Leu, J.R.2    Anderson, S.M.3
  • 100
    • 0022486246 scopus 로고
    • Central norepinephrine and plasma corticosterone following acute and chronic stressors: Influence of social isolation and handling
    • IRWIN J, AHLUWALIA P, ZACHARKO RM et al. Central norepinephrine and plasma corticosterone following acute and chronic stressors: influence of social isolation and handling. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1986;24:1151-1154.
    • (1986) Pharmacol Biochem Behav , vol.24 , pp. 1151-1154
    • Irwin, J.1    Ahluwalia, P.2    Zacharko, R.M.3
  • 101
    • 0015753387 scopus 로고
    • Corticosteroid feedback control of ACTH secretion: Effect of stress-induced corticosterone secretion on subsequent stress responses in the rat
    • DALLMAN MF, JONES MT. Corticosteroid feedback control of ACTH secretion: effect of stress-induced corticosterone secretion on subsequent stress responses in the rat. Endocrinology 1973;92:1367-1375.
    • (1973) Endocrinology , vol.92 , pp. 1367-1375
    • Dallman, M.F.1    Jones, M.T.2
  • 102
    • 0023769727 scopus 로고
    • Maternal deprivation potentiates pituitary-adrenal stress responses in infant rats
    • STANTON ME, GUTIERREZ YR, LEVINE S. Maternal deprivation potentiates pituitary-adrenal stress responses in infant rats. Behav Neurosci 1988;102:692-700.
    • (1988) Behav Neurosci , vol.102 , pp. 692-700
    • Stanton, M.E.1    Gutierrez, Y.R.2    Levine, S.3
  • 103
    • 0027156569 scopus 로고
    • Temporal and social factors influencing behavioral and hormonal responses to separation in mother and infant squirrel monkeys
    • LEVINE S, WIENER SG, COE CL. Temporal and social factors influencing behavioral and hormonal responses to separation in mother and infant squirrel monkeys. Psychoneuroendocrinology 1993;18:297-306.
    • (1993) Psychoneuroendocrinology , vol.18 , pp. 297-306
    • Levine, S.1    Wiener, S.G.2    Coe, C.L.3
  • 104
    • 15144344289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maternal care, hippocampal glucocorticoid receptors, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal responses to stress
    • LIU D, DIORIO J, TANNENBAUM B et al. Maternal care, hippocampal glucocorticoid receptors, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal responses to stress. Science 1997;277:1659-1662.
    • (1997) Science , vol.277 , pp. 1659-1662
    • Liu, D.1    Diorio, J.2    Tannenbaum, B.3
  • 105
    • 0027195888 scopus 로고
    • Early, postnatal experience alters hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) mRNA, median CRF content and stress-induced release in adult rats
    • PLOTSKY PM, MEANEY MJ. Early, postnatal experience alters hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) mRNA, median CRF content and stress-induced release in adult rats. Mol Brain Res 1993;18:195-200.
    • (1993) Mol Brain Res , vol.18 , pp. 195-200
    • Plotsky, P.M.1    Meaney, M.J.2
  • 106
    • 0030739453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistent changes in corticotropin-releasing factor systems due to early life stress: Relationship to pathophysiology of major depression and post-traumatic stress disorder
    • HEIM C, WOENS MJ, PLOTSKY PM et al. Persistent changes in corticotropin-releasing factor systems due to early life stress: relationship to pathophysiology of major depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychopharmacol Bull 1997;33:185-192.
    • (1997) Psychopharmacol Bull , vol.33 , pp. 185-192
    • Heim, C.1    Woens, M.J.2    Plotsky, P.M.3
  • 107
    • 0029928064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistent elevations of cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of corticotropin-releasing factor in adult nonhuman primates exposed to early-life stressors: Implications for the pathophysiology of mood and anxiety disorders
    • COPLAN JD, ROSENBLUM LA, ANDREWS MW et al. Persistent elevations of cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of corticotropin-releasing factor in adult nonhuman primates exposed to early-life stressors: implications for the pathophysiology of mood and anxiety disorders. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996;93:1619-1623.
    • (1996) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.93 , pp. 1619-1623
    • Coplan, J.D.1    Rosenblum, L.A.2    Andrews, M.W.3
  • 108
    • 0023877370 scopus 로고
    • Effect of neonatal handling on age-related impairments associated with the hippocampus
    • MEANEY MJ, AITKEN DH, VAN BERKEL C et al. Effect of neonatal handling on age-related impairments associated with the hippocampus. Science 1988;239:766-768.
    • (1988) Science , vol.239 , pp. 766-768
    • Meaney, M.J.1    Aitken, D.H.2    Van Berkel, C.3
  • 109
    • 0024441609 scopus 로고
    • Neonatal handling alters adrenocortical negative feedback sensitivity and hippocampal type II glucocorticoid receptor binding in the rat
    • MEANEY MJ, AITKEN DH, VIAU V et al. Neonatal handling alters adrenocortical negative feedback sensitivity and hippocampal type II glucocorticoid receptor binding in the rat. Neuroendocrinology 1989;50:597-604.
    • (1989) Neuroendocrinology , vol.50 , pp. 597-604
    • Meaney, M.J.1    Aitken, D.H.2    Viau, V.3
  • 110
    • 0031859325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of corticotropin-releasing hormone gene expression by glucocorticoids: Implication for understanding the states of fear and anxiety and allostatic load
    • SCHULKIN J, GOLD PW, MCEWEN BS. Induction of corticotropin-releasing hormone gene expression by glucocorticoids: implication for understanding the states of fear and anxiety and allostatic load. Psychoneuroendocrinology 1998;23:219-243.
    • (1998) Psychoneuroendocrinology , vol.23 , pp. 219-243
    • Schulkin, J.1    Gold, P.W.2    McEwen, B.S.3
  • 111
    • 0028197644 scopus 로고
    • Corticosterone effects on corticotropin-releasing hormone mRNA in the central nucleus of the amygdala and the parvocellular region of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus
    • MAKINO S, GOLD PW, SCHULKIN J. Corticosterone effects on corticotropin-releasing hormone mRNA in the central nucleus of the amygdala and the parvocellular region of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. Brain Res 1994;640:105-112.
    • (1994) Brain Res , vol.640 , pp. 105-112
    • Makino, S.1    Gold, P.W.2    Schulkin, J.3
  • 112
    • 0027963203 scopus 로고
    • Effects of corticosterone on CRH mRNA and content in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis; comparison with the effects in the central nucleus of the amygdala and the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus
    • MAKINO S, GOLD PW, SCHULKIN J. Effects of corticosterone on CRH mRNA and content in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis; comparison with the effects in the central nucleus of the amygdala and the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. Brain Res 1994;657:141-149.
    • (1994) Brain Res , vol.657 , pp. 141-149
    • Makino, S.1    Gold, P.W.2    Schulkin, J.3
  • 113
    • 0029086132 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor messenger ribonucleic acid in the rat brain and pituitary by glucortoids and stress
    • MAKINO S, SCHULKIN J, SMITH MA et al. Regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor messenger ribonucleic acid in the rat brain and pituitary by glucortoids and stress. Endocrinology 1995;136:4517-4525.
    • (1995) Endocrinology , vol.136 , pp. 4517-4525
    • Makino, S.1    Schulkin, J.2    Smith, M.A.3
  • 114
    • 0024332335 scopus 로고
    • Differential steroid hormone and neural influences on peptide mRNA levels in CRH cells of the paraventricular nucleus: A hybridization histochemical study in the rat
    • SWANSON LW, SIMMONS DM. Differential steroid hormone and neural influences on peptide mRNA levels in CRH cells of the paraventricular nucleus: a hybridization histochemical study in the rat. J Comp Neurol 1989;285:413-435.
    • (1989) J Comp Neurol , vol.285 , pp. 413-435
    • Swanson, L.W.1    Simmons, D.M.2
  • 115
    • 0033457357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A role for corticotropin releasing factor and urocortin in behavioral responses to stressors
    • KOOB GF, HEINRICHS SC. A role for corticotropin releasing factor and urocortin in behavioral responses to stressors. Brain Res 1999;848:141-152.
    • (1999) Brain Res , vol.848 , pp. 141-152
    • Koob, G.F.1    Heinrichs, S.C.2
  • 116
    • 0032104267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corticotropin releasing factor receptor 1-deficient mice display decreased anxiety, impaired stress response, and aberrant neuroendocrine development
    • SMITH GW, AUBREY JM, DELLU F et al. Corticotropin releasing factor receptor 1-deficient mice display decreased anxiety, impaired stress response, and aberrant neuroendocrine development. Neuron 1998;20:1093-1102.
    • (1998) Neuron , vol.20 , pp. 1093-1102
    • Smith, G.W.1    Aubrey, J.M.2    Dellu, F.3
  • 117
    • 17344362093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired stress response and reduced anxiety in mice lacking a functional corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor
    • TIMPL P, SPANAGEL R, SILLABER I et al. Impaired stress response and reduced anxiety in mice lacking a functional corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor. Nat Genet 1998;19:162-166.
    • (1998) Nat Genet , vol.19 , pp. 162-166
    • Timpl, P.1    Spanagel, R.2    Sillaber, I.3
  • 118
    • 0034127008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mice deficient for corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor-2 display anxiety-like behaviour and are hypersensitive to stress
    • BALE TL, CONTARINO A, SMITH GW et al. Mice deficient for corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor-2 display anxiety-like behaviour and are hypersensitive to stress. Nat Genet 2000;24:410-414.
    • (2000) Nat Genet , vol.24 , pp. 410-414
    • Bale, T.L.1    Contarino, A.2    Smith, G.W.3
  • 119
    • 0034069655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deletion of crhr2 reveals an anxiolytic role for corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor-2
    • KISHIMOTO T, RADULOVIC J, RADULOVIC M et al. Deletion of crhr2 reveals an anxiolytic role for corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor-2. Nat Genet 2000;24:415-419.
    • (2000) Nat Genet , vol.24 , pp. 415-419
    • Kishimoto, T.1    Radulovic, J.2    Radulovic, M.3
  • 120
    • 12944262399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral administration of a corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor antagonist significantly attenuates behavioral, neuroendocrine, and autonomic responses to stress in primates
    • HABIB KE, WELD KP, RICE KC et al. Oral administration of a corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor antagonist significantly attenuates behavioral, neuroendocrine, and autonomic responses to stress in primates. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000;97:6079-6084.
    • (2000) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.97 , pp. 6079-6084
    • Habib, K.E.1    Weld, K.P.2    Rice, K.C.3
  • 121
    • 0022656717 scopus 로고
    • Urinary free-cortisol levels in post-traumatic stress disorder patients
    • MASON JW, GILLER EL, KOSTEN TR et al. Urinary free-cortisol levels in post-traumatic stress disorder patients. J Nerv Ment Dis 1986;174:145-149.
    • (1986) J Nerv Ment Dis , vol.174 , pp. 145-149
    • Mason, J.W.1    Giller, E.L.2    Kosten, T.R.3
  • 122
    • 0029043632 scopus 로고
    • Dose-response changes in plasma cortisol and lymphocyte glucocorticoid receptors following dexamethasone administration in combat veterans with and without posttraumatic stress disorder
    • YEHUDA R, BOISONEAU D, LOWY MT et al. Dose-response changes in plasma cortisol and lymphocyte glucocorticoid receptors following dexamethasone administration in combat veterans with and without posttraumatic stress disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1995;52:583-593.
    • (1995) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.52 , pp. 583-593
    • Yehuda, R.1    Boisoneau, D.2    Lowy, M.T.3
  • 123
    • 0033843276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low cortisol and risk for PTSD in adult offspring of holocaust survivors
    • YEHUDA R, BIERER LM, SCHMEIDLER J et al. Low cortisol and risk for PTSD in adult offspring of holocaust survivors. Am J Psychiatry 2000;157:1252-1259.
    • (2000) Am J Psychiatry , vol.157 , pp. 1252-1259
    • Yehuda, R.1    Bierer, L.M.2    Schmeidler, J.3
  • 124
    • 0032982625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroendocrine and psychophysiological responses in PTSD: A symptom provocation study
    • LIBERZON I, ABELSON JL, FLAGEL SB et al. Neuroendocrine and psychophysiological responses in PTSD: a symptom provocation study. Neuropsychopharmacology 1999;21:40-50.
    • (1999) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.21 , pp. 40-50
    • Liberzon, I.1    Abelson, J.L.2    Flagel, S.B.3
  • 125
    • 15144347314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased 24-hour urinary cortisol excretion in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder and patients with major depression, but not in patients with fibromyalgia
    • MAES M, LIN A, BONACCORSO S, VAN HUNSEL F et al. Increased 24-hour urinary cortisol excretion in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder and patients with major depression, but not in patients with fibromyalgia. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1998;98:328-335.
    • (1998) Acta Psychiatr Scand , vol.98 , pp. 328-335
    • Maes, M.1    Lin, A.2    Bonaccorso, S.3    Van Hunsel, F.4
  • 126
    • 0025060942 scopus 로고
    • Twenty-four hour urinary cortisol and catecholamine excretion in combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder
    • PITMAN RK, ORR SP. Twenty-four hour urinary cortisol and catecholamine excretion in combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry 1990;27:245-247.
    • (1990) Biol Psychiatry , vol.27 , pp. 245-247
    • Pitman, R.K.1    Orr, S.P.2
  • 127
    • 0026081904 scopus 로고
    • Lymphocyte glucocorticoid receptor number in posttraumatic stress disorder
    • YEHUDA R, LOWY MT, SOUTHWICK SM et al. Lymphocyte glucocorticoid receptor number in posttraumatic stress disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1991;148:499-504.
    • (1991) Am J Psychiatry , vol.148 , pp. 499-504
    • Yehuda, R.1    Lowy, M.T.2    Southwick, S.M.3
  • 128
    • 0025170005 scopus 로고
    • The dexamethasone suppression test and thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test in posttraumatic stress disorder
    • KOSTEN TR, WAHBY V, GILLER EL et al. The dexamethasone suppression test and thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test in posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry 1990;28:657-664.
    • (1990) Biol Psychiatry , vol.28 , pp. 657-664
    • Kosten, T.R.1    Wahby, V.2    Giller, E.L.3
  • 129
    • 0027476739 scopus 로고
    • Enhanced suppression of cortisol following dexamethasone administration in posttraumatic stress disorder
    • YEHUDA R, SOUTHWICK SM, KRYSTAL JH et al. Enhanced suppression of cortisol following dexamethasone administration in posttraumatic stress disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1993;150:83-86.
    • (1993) Am J Psychiatry , vol.150 , pp. 83-86
    • Yehuda, R.1    Southwick, S.M.2    Krystal, J.H.3
  • 130
    • 0030746976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced dexamethasone suppression of plasma cortisol in adult women traumatized by childhood sexual abuse
    • STEIN MB, YEHUDA R, KOVEROLA C et al. Enhanced dexamethasone suppression of plasma cortisol in adult women traumatized by childhood sexual abuse. Biol Psychiatry 1997;42:680-686.
    • (1997) Biol Psychiatry , vol.42 , pp. 680-686
    • Stein, M.B.1    Yehuda, R.2    Koverola, C.3
  • 131
    • 0029896499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cortisol regulation in posttraumatic stress disorder and major depression: A chronobiological analysis
    • YEHUDA R, TEICHER MH, TRESTMAN RL et al. Cortisol regulation in posttraumatic stress disorder and major depression: a chronobiological analysis. Biol Psychiatry 1996;40:79-88.
    • (1996) Biol Psychiatry , vol.40 , pp. 79-88
    • Yehuda, R.1    Teicher, M.H.2    Trestman, R.L.3
  • 132
    • 0031004906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated CSF corticotropin-releasing factor concentrations in posttraumatric stress disorder
    • BREMNER JD, LICINIO J, DARNELL A et al. Elevated CSF corticotropin-releasing factor concentrations in posttraumatric stress disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1997;154:624-629.
    • (1997) Am J Psychiatry , vol.154 , pp. 624-629
    • Bremner, J.D.1    Licinio, J.2    Darnell, A.3
  • 133
    • 0032905877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serial CSF corticotropin-releasing hormone levels and adrenocortical activity in combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder
    • BAKER DG, WEST SA, NICHOLSON WE et al. Serial CSF corticotropin-releasing hormone levels and adrenocortical activity in combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1999;156:585-588.
    • (1999) Am J Psychiatry , vol.156 , pp. 585-588
    • Baker, D.G.1    West, S.A.2    Nicholson, W.E.3
  • 134
    • 0024339957 scopus 로고
    • The corticotropin-releasing hormone test in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder
    • SMITH MA, DAVIDSON J, RITCHIE JC et al. The corticotropin-releasing hormone test in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry 1989;26:349-355.
    • (1989) Biol Psychiatry , vol.26 , pp. 349-355
    • Smith, M.A.1    Davidson, J.2    Ritchie, J.C.3
  • 135
    • 0034596146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pituitary - Adrenal and autonomic responses to stress in women after sexual and physical abuse in childhood
    • HEIM C, NEWPORT D J, HEIT S et al. Pituitary - adrenal and autonomic responses to stress in women after sexual and physical abuse in childhood. JAMA 2000;284:592-597.
    • (2000) JAMA , vol.284 , pp. 592-597
    • Heim, C.1    Newport, D.J.2    Heit, S.3
  • 136
    • 0025049828 scopus 로고
    • Flumazenil provocation of panic attacks. Evidence for altered benzodiazepine receptor sensitivity in panic disorder
    • NUTT DJ, GLUE P, LAWSON C, WILSON S. Flumazenil provocation of panic attacks. Evidence for altered benzodiazepine receptor sensitivity in panic disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1990;47:917-925.
    • (1990) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.47 , pp. 917-925
    • Nutt, D.J.1    Glue, P.2    Lawson, C.3    Wilson, S.4
  • 137
    • 0029909903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced benzodiazepine sensitivity in patients with panic disorder: Comparison with patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and normal subjects
    • ROY-BYRNE P, WINGERSON DK, RADANT A et al. Reduced benzodiazepine sensitivity in patients with panic disorder: comparison with patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and normal subjects. Am J Psychol 1996;153:1444-1449.
    • (1996) Am J Psychol , vol.153 , pp. 1444-1449
    • Roy-Byrne, P.1    Wingerson, D.K.2    Radant, A.3
  • 138
    • 0026022055 scopus 로고
    • Behavioral, biochemical, and cardiovascular responses to the benzodiazepine receptor antagonist flumazenil in panic disorder
    • WOODS SW, CHARNEY DS, SILVER JM et al. Behavioral, biochemical, and cardiovascular responses to the benzodiazepine receptor antagonist flumazenil in panic disorder. Psychiatry Res 1991;36:115-127.
    • (1991) Psychiatry Res , vol.36 , pp. 115-127
    • Woods, S.W.1    Charney, D.S.2    Silver, J.M.3
  • 139
    • 0024447327 scopus 로고
    • Preliminary evidence of benzodiazepine subsensitivity in panic disorder
    • ROY-BYRNE PP, LEWIS N, VILLACRES E et al. Preliminary evidence of benzodiazepine subsensitivity in panic disorder. Biol Psychiatry 1989;26:744-748.
    • (1989) Biol Psychiatry , vol.26 , pp. 744-748
    • Roy-Byrne, P.P.1    Lewis, N.2    Villacres, E.3
  • 140
    • 0028206286 scopus 로고
    • Decreased benzodiazepine receptor binding in panic disorder measured by IOMAZENIL-SPECT. A preliminary report
    • SCHLEGEL S, STEINERT H, BOCKISCH A et al. Decreased benzodiazepine receptor binding in panic disorder measured by IOMAZENIL-SPECT. A preliminary report. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 1994;244:49-51.
    • (1994) Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci , vol.244 , pp. 49-51
    • Schlegel, S.1    Steinert, H.2    Bockisch, A.3
  • 141
    • 0028886176 scopus 로고
    • Reduced benzodiazepine receptor binding in panic disorders measured by iomazenil SPECT
    • KASHCKA W, FEISTEL H, EBERT D. Reduced benzodiazepine receptor binding in panic disorders measured by iomazenil SPECT. J Psychiatr Res 1995;29:427-434.
    • (1995) J Psychiatr Res , vol.29 , pp. 427-434
    • Kashcka, W.1    Feistel, H.2    Ebert, D.3
  • 142
    • 0028908493 scopus 로고
    • Abnormal regional benzodiazepine receptor uptake in the prefrontal cortex in patients with panic disorder
    • KUIKKA JT, PITKANEN A, LEPOLA U et al. Abnormal regional benzodiazepine receptor uptake in the prefrontal cortex in patients with panic disorder. Nucl Med Commun 1995;16:273-280.
    • (1995) Nucl Med Commun , vol.16 , pp. 273-280
    • Kuikka, J.T.1    Pitkanen, A.2    Lepola, U.3
  • 143
    • 0033971421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SPECT [I-123] iomazenil measurement of the benzodiazepine receptor in panic disorder
    • BREMNER JD, INNIS RB, WHITE T et al. SPECT [I-123] iomazenil measurement of the benzodiazepine receptor in panic disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2000;47:96-106.
    • (2000) Biol Psychiatry , vol.47 , pp. 96-106
    • Bremner, J.D.1    Innis, R.B.2    White, T.3
  • 144
    • 0031902127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A-benzodiazepine receptor binding in panic disorder: Preliminary results from a quantitative PET study
    • A-benzodiazepine receptor binding in panic disorder: preliminary results from a quantitative PET study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1998;55:715-720.
    • (1998) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.55 , pp. 715-720
    • Malizia, A.L.1    Cunningham, V.J.2    Bell, C.J.3
  • 145
    • 0033001548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationships between trait and state anxiety and the central benzodiazepine receptor: A PET study
    • ABADIE P, BOULENGER JP, BENALI K et al. Relationships between trait and state anxiety and the central benzodiazepine receptor: a PET study. Eur J Neurosci 1999;11:1470-1478.
    • (1999) Eur J Neurosci , vol.11 , pp. 1470-1478
    • Abadie, P.1    Boulenger, J.P.2    Benali, K.3
  • 146
    • 0022450031 scopus 로고
    • Platelet serotonin uptake in panic disorder
    • NORMAN TR, JUDD FK, GREGORY M et al. Platelet serotonin uptake in panic disorder. J Affect Disord 1986;11:69-72.
    • (1986) J Affect Disord , vol.11 , pp. 69-72
    • Norman, T.R.1    Judd, F.K.2    Gregory, M.3
  • 147
    • 0023155472 scopus 로고
    • Platelet serotonin levels in panic disorder
    • BALON R, POHL R, YERAGANI V et al. Platelet serotonin levels in panic disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1987;75:315-317.
    • (1987) Acta Psychiatr Scand , vol.75 , pp. 315-317
    • Balon, R.1    Pohl, R.2    Yeragani, V.3
  • 150
    • 0023159768 scopus 로고
    • Differential 3H-imipramine platelet binding in patients with panic disorder and depression
    • INNIS RB, CHARNEY DS, HENINGER GR. Differential 3H-imipramine platelet binding in patients with panic disorder and depression. Psychiatry Res 1987;21:33-41.
    • (1987) Psychiatry Res , vol.21 , pp. 33-41
    • Innis, R.B.1    Charney, D.S.2    Heninger, G.R.3
  • 151
    • 0023162714 scopus 로고
    • 3H]imipramine binding in generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and agoraphobia with panic attacks
    • 3H]imipramine binding in generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and agoraphobia with panic attacks. Biol Psychiatry 1987;22:59-66.
    • (1987) Biol Psychiatry , vol.22 , pp. 59-66
    • Schneider, L.S.1    Munjack, D.2    Severson, J.A.3
  • 152
    • 0022998362 scopus 로고
    • Serotonin function in panic disorders. The effects of intravenous tryptophan in healthy subjects and patients with panic disorder before and during alprazolam treatment
    • CHARNEY DS, HENINGER GR. Serotonin function in panic disorders. The effects of intravenous tryptophan in healthy subjects and patients with panic disorder before and during alprazolam treatment. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1986;43:1059-1065.
    • (1986) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.43 , pp. 1059-1065
    • Charney, D.S.1    Heninger, G.R.2
  • 153
    • 0025357264 scopus 로고
    • Behavioral, neuroendocrine, and biochemical effects of 5hydroxytryptophan administration in panic disorder
    • DEN BOER JA, WESTENBERG HG. Behavioral, neuroendocrine, and biochemical effects of 5hydroxytryptophan administration in panic disorder. Psychiatry Res 1990;31:267-278.
    • (1990) Psychiatry Res , vol.31 , pp. 267-278
    • Den Boer, J.A.1    Westenberg, H.G.2
  • 155
    • 0024347765 scopus 로고
    • Fenfluramine provocation of anxiety in patients with panic disorder
    • TARGUM SD, MARSHALL LE. Fenfluramine provocation of anxiety in patients with panic disorder. Psychiatry Res 1989;28:295-306.
    • (1989) Psychiatry Res , vol.28 , pp. 295-306
    • Targum, S.D.1    Marshall, L.E.2
  • 156
    • 0034657824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased left posterior parietal-temporal cortex activation after D-fenfluramine in women with panic disorder
    • MEYER JH, SWINSON R, KENNEDY SH et al. Increased left posterior parietal-temporal cortex activation after D-fenfluramine in women with panic disorder. Psychiatry Res 2000;98:133-143.
    • (2000) Psychiatry Res , vol.98 , pp. 133-143
    • Meyer, J.H.1    Swinson, R.2    Kennedy, S.H.3
  • 157
  • 158
    • 0028084746 scopus 로고
    • Imipramine antagonism of the panicogenic effects of cholecystokinin tetrapeptide in panic disorder patients
    • BRADWEJN J, KOSZYCKI D. Imipramine antagonism of the panicogenic effects of cholecystokinin tetrapeptide in panic disorder patients. Am J Psychiatry 1994;151:261-263.
    • (1994) Am J Psychiatry , vol.151 , pp. 261-263
    • Bradwejn, J.1    Koszycki, D.2
  • 159
    • 0033985485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioral and endocrine response to cholecystokinin tetrapeptide in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder
    • KELLNER M, WIEDEMANN K, YASSOURIDIS A et al. Behavioral and endocrine response to cholecystokinin tetrapeptide in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2000;47:107-111.
    • (2000) Biol Psychiatry , vol.47 , pp. 107-111
    • Kellner, M.1    Wiedemann, K.2    Yassouridis, A.3
  • 160
    • 0343852155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased ACTH concentrations associated with cholecystokinin tetrapeptide-induced panic attacks in patients with panic disorder
    • STROHLE A, HOLSBOER F, RUPPRECHT R. Increased ACTH concentrations associated with cholecystokinin tetrapeptide-induced panic attacks in patients with panic disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 2000;22:251-256.
    • (2000) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.22 , pp. 251-256
    • Strohle, A.1    Holsboer, F.2    Rupprecht, R.3
  • 161
    • 0026579035 scopus 로고
    • CSF cholecystokinan concentrations in patients with panic disorder and in normal comparison subjects
    • LYDIARD RB, BALLENGER JC, LARAIA MT et al. CSF cholecystokinan concentrations in patients with panic disorder and in normal comparison subjects. Am J Psychiatry 1992;149:691-693.
    • (1992) Am J Psychiatry , vol.149 , pp. 691-693
    • Lydiard, R.B.1    Ballenger, J.C.2    Laraia, M.T.3
  • 162
    • 0035449320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intra-amygdala blockade of the NR2B subunit of the NMDA receptor disrupts the acquisition but not the expression of fear conditioning
    • RODRIGUES SM, SCHAFE GE, LEDOUX JE. Intra-amygdala blockade of the NR2B subunit of the NMDA receptor disrupts the acquisition but not the expression of fear conditioning. J Neurosci 2001;21:6889-6896.
    • (2001) J Neurosci , vol.21 , pp. 6889-6896
    • Rodrigues, S.M.1    Schafe, G.E.2    LeDoux, J.E.3
  • 163
    • 0037096258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NMDA receptors and L-type voltage-gated calcium channels contribute to long-term potentiation and different components of fear memory formation in the lateral amygdala
    • BAUER EP, SCHAFE GE, LEDOUX JE. NMDA receptors and L-type voltage-gated calcium channels contribute to long-term potentiation and different components of fear memory formation in the lateral amygdala. J Neurosci 2002;22(12):5239-5249.
    • (2002) J Neurosci , vol.22 , Issue.12 , pp. 5239-5249
    • Bauer, E.P.1    Schafe, G.E.2    LeDoux, J.E.3
  • 164
    • 0036752609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Memory consolidation and the amygdala: A system perspective
    • MCGAUGH JL. Memory consolidation and the amygdala: a system perspective. Trends Neurosci 2002;25:456-461.
    • (2002) Trends Neurosci , vol.25 , pp. 456-461
    • McGaugh, J.L.1
  • 165
    • 0037108954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of stress-released corticotrophin-releasing hormone in the basolateral amygdala in regulating memory consolidation
    • ROOZENDALL B, BRUNSON KL, HOLLOWAY BL, MCGAUGH JL, BARAM TZ. Involvement of stress-released corticotrophin-releasing hormone in the basolateral amygdala in regulating memory consolidation. PNAS 2002;99:13908-13913.
    • (2002) PNAS , vol.99 , pp. 13908-13913
    • Roozendall, B.1    Brunson, K.L.2    Holloway, B.L.3    McGaugh, J.L.4    Baram, T.Z.5
  • 166
    • 0037168120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular systems reconsolidation in the hippocampus
    • DEBIEC J, LEDOUX JE, NADER K. Cellular and systems reconsolidation in the hippocampus. Neuron 2002;36:527-538.
    • (2002) Neuron , vol.36 , pp. 527-538
    • Debiec, J.1    LeDoux, J.E.2    Nader, K.3
  • 167
    • 0037168117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporally graded requirement for protein synthesis following memory reactivation
    • MILEKIC MH, ALBERINI CM. Temporally graded requirement for protein synthesis following memory reactivation. Neuron 2002;36:521-525.
    • (2002) Neuron , vol.36 , pp. 521-525
    • Milekic, M.H.1    Alberini, C.M.2
  • 168
    • 0037168112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systems-level reconsolidation: Re-engagement of the hippocampus with memory reactivation
    • MYERS KM, DAVIS M. Systems-level reconsolidation: re-engagement of the hippocampus with memory reactivation. Neuron 2002;36:340-343.
    • (2002) Neuron , vol.36 , pp. 340-343
    • Myers, K.M.1    Davis, M.2
  • 169
    • 0037038369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurons in medial prefrontal cortex signal memory for fear extinction
    • MILAD MR, QUIRK GJ. Neurons in medial prefrontal cortex signal memory for fear extinction. Nature 2002;420:70-74.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.420 , pp. 70-74
    • Milad, M.R.1    Quirk, G.J.2
  • 170
    • 0037080322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prefrontal cortex long-term potentiation but not long-term depression is associated with maintenance of extinction of learned fear in mice
    • HERRY C, GARCIA R. Prefrontal cortex long-term potentiation but not long-term depression is associated with maintenance of extinction of learned fear in mice. J Neurosci 2002;22:577-583.
    • (2002) J Neurosci , vol.22 , pp. 577-583
    • Herry, C.1    Garcia, R.2
  • 171
    • 0345269077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain regions showing increased activation by threat-related words in panic disorder
    • MADDOCK RJ, BUONOCORE MH, KILE SJ, GARRETT AS. Brain regions showing increased activation by threat-related words in panic disorder. Neuroreport 2003, 14:325-328.
    • (2003) Neuroreport , vol.14 , pp. 325-328
    • Maddock, R.J.1    Buonocore, M.H.2    Kile, S.J.3    Garrett, A.S.4
  • 172
    • 0036841902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased amygdala activation to angry and contemptuous faces in generalized social phobia
    • STEIN MB, GOLDIN PR, SAREEN J, ZORRILLA LT, BROWN GG. Increased amygdala activation to angry and contemptuous faces in generalized social phobia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2002;59:1027-1034.
    • (2002) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.59 , pp. 1027-1034
    • Stein, M.B.1    Goldin, P.R.2    Sareen, J.3    Zorrilla, L.T.4    Brown, G.G.5
  • 175
    • 0037708634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibited and unhibited infacts "grown up": Adult amygdalar response to novelty
    • SCHWARTZ CE, WRIGHT CI, SHIN LM, KAGAN J, RAUCH SL. Inhibited and unhibited infacts "grown up": adult amygdalar response to novelty. Science 2003;300:1952-1953.
    • (2003) Science , vol.300 , pp. 1952-1953
    • Schwartz, C.E.1    Wright, C.I.2    Shin, L.M.3    Kagan, J.4    Rauch, S.L.5
  • 179
    • 0037730142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anxiety with panic disorder linked to chromosome 9q in Iceland
    • THORGEIRSSON TE, HOGNI O, DESNICA N, KOSTIC JP, STEFANSSON JG, KOLBEINSOON H, LINDAL E, GAGUNASHVILI N, FRIGGE ML, KONG A, STEFANSSON K, GULCHER JR. Anxiety with panic disorder linked to chromosome 9q in Iceland. Am J Hum Genet 2003;72:1221-1230.
    • (2003) Am J Hum Genet , vol.72 , pp. 1221-1230
    • Thorgeirsson, T.E.1    Hogni, O.2    Desnica, N.3    Kostic, J.P.4    Stefansson, J.G.5
  • 180
    • 0141824420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychobiological mechanisms of resilience and vulnerability: Implications for the successful adaptation to extreme stress
    • in press
    • CHARNEY DS. Psychobiological mechanisms of resilience and vulnerability: Implications for the successful adaptation to extreme stress. Am J Psychiatry 2003, in press.
    • (2003) Am J Psychiatry
    • Charney, D.S.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.