메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 23, Issue 3, 2017, Pages 207-234

The cognitive reflection test revisited: exploring the ways individuals solve the test

Author keywords

Cognitive reflection test; heuristics and biases; process tracing; reasoning; thinking errors

Indexed keywords


EID: 85014569262     PISSN: 13546783     EISSN: 14640708     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13546783.2017.1292954     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (61)

References (83)
  • 1
    • 84949645654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring individual differences in decision biases: Methodological considerations
    • Aczel, B., Bago, B., Szollosi, A., Foldes, A., & Lukacs, B., (2015). Measuring individual differences in decision biases:Methodological considerations. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 1770.
    • (2015) Frontiers in Psychology , vol.6 , pp. 1770
    • Aczel, B.1    Bago, B.2    Szollosi, A.3    Foldes, A.4    Lukacs, B.5
  • 2
    • 0009362469 scopus 로고
    • Why teach thinking? An essay
    • Baron, J., (1993). Why teach thinking? An essay. Applied Psychology, 42(3), 191–214.
    • (1993) Applied Psychology , vol.42 , Issue.3 , pp. 191-214
    • Baron, J.1
  • 4
    • 84938493865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why does the cognitive reflection test (sometimes) predict utilitarian moral judgment (and other things)
    • Baron, J., Scott, S., Fincher, K., & Metz, S. E., (2014). Why does the cognitive reflection test (sometimes) predict utilitarian moral judgment (and other things)? Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 4, 265–284
    • (2014) Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition , vol.4 , pp. 265-284
    • Baron, J.1    Scott, S.2    Fincher, K.3    Metz, S.E.4
  • 5
    • 0027241717 scopus 로고
    • A case study of anomaly detection: Shallow semantic processing and cohesion establishment
    • Barton, S. B., & Sanford, A. J., (1993). A case study of anomaly detection:Shallow semantic processing and cohesion establishment. Memory & Cognition, 21(4), 477–487.
    • (1993) Memory & Cognition , vol.21 , Issue.4 , pp. 477-487
    • Barton, S.B.1    Sanford, A.J.2
  • 7
    • 84858442083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cognitive-miser response model: Testing for intuitive and deliberate reasoning
    • Böckenholt, U., (2012). The cognitive-miser response model:Testing for intuitive and deliberate reasoning. Psychometrika, 77(2), 388–399.
    • (2012) Psychometrika , vol.77 , Issue.2 , pp. 388-399
    • Böckenholt, U.1
  • 10
    • 84897060334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does the cognitive reflection test measure cognitive reflection? A mathematical modeling approach
    • Campitelli, G., & Gerrans, P., (2014). Does the cognitive reflection test measure cognitive reflection? A mathematical modeling approach. Memory & Cognition, 42(3), 434–447.
    • (2014) Memory & Cognition , vol.42 , Issue.3 , pp. 434-447
    • Campitelli, G.1    Gerrans, P.2
  • 11
    • 77954495777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlations of cognitive reflection with judgments and choices
    • Campitelli, G., & Labollita, M., (2010). Correlations of cognitive reflection with judgments and choices. Judgment and Decision Making, 5(3), 182–191.
    • (2010) Judgment and Decision Making , vol.5 , Issue.3 , pp. 182-191
    • Campitelli, G.1    Labollita, M.2
  • 13
    • 70350151112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive abilities and superior decision making under risk: A protocol analysis and process model evaluation
    • Cokely, E. T., & Kelley, C. M., (2009). Cognitive abilities and superior decision making under risk:A protocol analysis and process model evaluation. Judgment and Decision Making, 4(1), 20–33.
    • (2009) Judgment and Decision Making , vol.4 , Issue.1 , pp. 20-33
    • Cokely, E.T.1    Kelley, C.M.2
  • 14
    • 77954467280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the link between cognitive control and heuristic processes
    • Taatgnen N.A., Rijn H.V., (eds), Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society
    • Cokely, E. T., Parpart, P., & Schooler, L. J., (2009). On the link between cognitive control and heuristic processes. In N. A., Taatgnen & H. Van, Rijn (Eds.), Proceedings of the 31th annual conference of the cognitive science society (pp. 2926–2931). Austin, TX:Cognitive Science Society.
    • (2009) Proceedings of the 31th annual conference of the cognitive science society , pp. 2926-2931
    • Cokely, E.T.1    Parpart, P.2    Schooler, L.J.3
  • 15
    • 84856628806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decision‐making competence, executive functioning, and general cognitive abilities
    • Del Missier, F., Mäntylä, T., & Bruin, W. B., (2012). Decision‐making competence, executive functioning, and general cognitive abilities. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 25(4), 331–351.
    • (2012) Journal of Behavioral Decision Making , vol.25 , Issue.4 , pp. 331-351
    • Del Missier, F.1    Mäntylä, T.2    Bruin, W.B.3
  • 16
    • 84875812626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The “whys” and “whens” of individual differences in thinking biases
    • De Neys, W., & Bonnefon, J.-F., (2013). The “whys” and “whens” of individual differences in thinking biases. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 17(4), 172–178.
    • (2013) Trends in Cognitive Sciences , vol.17 , Issue.4 , pp. 172-178
    • De Neys, W.1    Bonnefon, J.-F.2
  • 17
    • 38649121155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conflict monitoring in dual process theories of thinking
    • De Neys, W., & Glumicic, T., (2008). Conflict monitoring in dual process theories of thinking. Cognition, 106(3), 1248–1299.
    • (2008) Cognition , vol.106 , Issue.3 , pp. 1248-1299
    • De Neys, W.1    Glumicic, T.2
  • 20
    • 80051815956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bayesian versus orthodox statistics: Which side are you on?
    • Dienes, Z., (2011). Bayesian versus orthodox statistics:Which side are you on? Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6(3), 274–290.
    • (2011) Perspectives on Psychological Science , vol.6 , Issue.3 , pp. 274-290
    • Dienes, Z.1
  • 21
    • 85175261271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using Bayes to get the most out of non-significant results
    • Dienes, Z., (2014). Using Bayes to get the most out of non-significant results. Frontiers in psychology, 5, 781.
    • (2014) Frontiers in psychology , vol.5 , pp. 781
    • Dienes, Z.1
  • 22
    • 80054971060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subtracting “ought” from “is”: Descriptivism versus normativism in the study of human thinking
    • Elqayam, S., & Evans, J. S. B., (2011). Subtracting “ought” from “is”:Descriptivism versus normativism in the study of human thinking. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 34(5), 233–248.
    • (2011) Behavioral and Brain Sciences , vol.34 , Issue.5 , pp. 233-248
    • Elqayam, S.1    Evans, J.S.B.2
  • 25
    • 21344463041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deciding before you think: Relevance and reasoning in the selection task
    • Evans, J. S. B., (1996). Deciding before you think:Relevance and reasoning in the selection task. British Journal of Psychology, 87(2), 223–240.
    • (1996) British Journal of Psychology , vol.87 , Issue.2 , pp. 223-240
    • Evans, J.S.B.1
  • 26
    • 0141867846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In two minds: Dual-process accounts of reasoning
    • Evans, J. S. B., (2003). In two minds:Dual-process accounts of reasoning. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 7(10), 454–459.
    • (2003) Trends in Cognitive Sciences , vol.7 , Issue.10 , pp. 454-459
    • Evans, J.S.B.1
  • 27
    • 70449368659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How many dual-process theories do we need? One, two, or many?
    • New York, NY: Oxford University Press
    • Evans, J. S. B., (2009). How many dual-process theories do we need? One, two, or many? In In two minds:Dual processes and beyond (pp. 33–54). New York, NY:Oxford University Press.
    • (2009) In two minds: Dual processes and beyond , pp. 33-54
    • Evans, J.S.B.1
  • 28
    • 77949548510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do people reason on the Wason selection task: A new look at the data of Ball et al. (2003
    • Evans, J. S. B., & Ball, L. J., (2010). Do people reason on the Wason selection task:A new look at the data of Ball et al. (2003). Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 63(3), 434–441.
    • (2010) Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , vol.63 , Issue.3 , pp. 434-441
    • Evans, J.S.B.1    Ball, L.J.2
  • 29
    • 0020757857 scopus 로고
    • On the conflict between logic and belief in syllogistic reasoning
    • Evans, J. S. B., Barston, J. L., & Pollard, P., (1983). On the conflict between logic and belief in syllogistic reasoning. Memory & Cognition, 11(3), 295–306.
    • (1983) Memory & Cognition , vol.11 , Issue.3 , pp. 295-306
    • Evans, J.S.B.1    Barston, J.L.2    Pollard, P.3
  • 30
    • 84877123378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dual-process theories of higher cognition advancing the debate
    • Evans, J. S. B., & Stanovich, K. E., (2013). Dual-process theories of higher cognition advancing the debate. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 8(3), 223–241.
    • (2013) Perspectives on Psychological Science , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 223-241
    • Evans, J.S.B.1    Stanovich, K.E.2
  • 31
    • 84907083861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Double jeopardy in inferring cognitive processes
    • Fific, M., (2014). Double jeopardy in inferring cognitive processes. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 1130.
    • (2014) Frontiers in Psychology , vol.5 , pp. 1130
    • Fific, M.1
  • 32
    • 77953928056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developing a tool for measuring the decision-making competence of older adults
    • Finucane, M. L., & Gullion, C. M., (2010). Developing a tool for measuring the decision-making competence of older adults. Psychology and Aging, 25(2), 271–288.
    • (2010) Psychology and Aging , vol.25 , Issue.2 , pp. 271-288
    • Finucane, M.L.1    Gullion, C.M.2
  • 33
    • 79952411755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do procedures for verbal reporting of thinking have to be reactive? A meta-analysis and recommendations for best reporting methods
    • Fox, M. C., Ericsson, K. A., & Best, R., (2011). Do procedures for verbal reporting of thinking have to be reactive? A meta-analysis and recommendations for best reporting methods. Psychological Bulletin, 137(2), 316–344.
    • (2011) Psychological Bulletin , vol.137 , Issue.2 , pp. 316-344
    • Fox, M.C.1    Ericsson, K.A.2    Best, R.3
  • 34
    • 33645810587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive reflection and decision making
    • Frederick, S., (2005). Cognitive reflection and decision making. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 19(4), 25–42.
    • (2005) The Journal of Economic Perspectives , vol.19 , Issue.4 , pp. 25-42
    • Frederick, S.1
  • 35
    • 84860113562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analytic thinking promotes religious disbelief
    • Gervais, W. M., & Norenzayan, A., (2012). Analytic thinking promotes religious disbelief. Science, 336(6080), 493–496.
    • (2012) Science , vol.336 , Issue.6080 , pp. 493-496
    • Gervais, W.M.1    Norenzayan, A.2
  • 36
    • 84893087076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting biases in very highly educated samples: Numeracy and metacognition
    • Ghazal, S., Cokely, E. T., & Garcia-Retamero, R., (2014). Predicting biases in very highly educated samples:Numeracy and metacognition. Judgment and Decision Making, 9(1), 15–34.
    • (2014) Judgment and Decision Making , vol.9 , Issue.1 , pp. 15-34
    • Ghazal, S.1    Cokely, E.T.2    Garcia-Retamero, R.3
  • 37
    • 84878455813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of actively open-minded thinking in information acquisition, accuracy, and calibration
    • Haran, U., Ritov, I., & Mellers, B. A., (2013). The role of actively open-minded thinking in information acquisition, accuracy, and calibration. Judgment and Decision Making, 8(3), 188–201.
    • (2013) Judgment and Decision Making , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 188-201
    • Haran, U.1    Ritov, I.2    Mellers, B.A.3
  • 38
    • 0000645481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of cognitive control: Early selection versus late correction
    • Chaiken S., Trope Y., (eds), New York, NY: Guilford
    • Jacoby, L. L., Kelley, C. M., & McElree, B. D., (1999). The role of cognitive control:Early selection versus late correction. In S., Chaiken & Y., Trope (Eds.), Dual-process theories in social psychology (pp. 383–400). New York, NY:Guilford.
    • (1999) Dual-process theories in social psychology , pp. 383-400
    • Jacoby, L.L.1    Kelley, C.M.2    McElree, B.D.3
  • 39
    • 33644779727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modes of cognitive control in recognition and source memory: Depth of retrieval
    • Jacoby, L. L., Shimizu, Y., Daniels, K. A., & Rhodes, M. G., (2005). Modes of cognitive control in recognition and source memory:Depth of retrieval. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 12(5), 852–857.
    • (2005) Psychonomic Bulletin & Review , vol.12 , Issue.5 , pp. 852-857
    • Jacoby, L.L.1    Shimizu, Y.2    Daniels, K.A.3    Rhodes, M.G.4
  • 41
    • 84951288290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The doubting system 1: Evidence for automatic substitution sensitivity
    • Johnson, E. D., Tubau, E., & De Neys, W., (2016). The doubting system 1:Evidence for automatic substitution sensitivity. Acta Psychologica, 164, 56–64.
    • (2016) Acta Psychologica , vol.164 , pp. 56-64
    • Johnson, E.D.1    Tubau, E.2    De Neys, W.3
  • 43
    • 84855454549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New York, NY: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux
    • Kahneman, D., (2011). Thinking, fast and slow. New York, NY:Farrar, Straus, and Giroux.
    • (2011) Thinking, fast and slow
    • Kahneman, D.1
  • 44
    • 84896313837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of numeracy and intelligence in health‐risk estimation and medical data interpretation
    • Låg, T., Bauger, L., Lindberg, M., & Friborg, O., (2014). The role of numeracy and intelligence in health‐risk estimation and medical data interpretation. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 27(2), 95–108.
    • (2014) Journal of Behavioral Decision Making , vol.27 , Issue.2 , pp. 95-108
    • Låg, T.1    Bauger, L.2    Lindberg, M.3    Friborg, O.4
  • 45
    • 84856626833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individual differences in numeracy and cognitive reflection, with implications for biases and fallacies in probability judgment
    • Liberali, J. M., Reyna, V. F., Furlan, S., Stein, L. M., & Pardo, S. T., (2012). Individual differences in numeracy and cognitive reflection, with implications for biases and fallacies in probability judgment. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 25(4), 361–381.
    • (2012) Journal of Behavioral Decision Making , vol.25 , Issue.4 , pp. 361-381
    • Liberali, J.M.1    Reyna, V.F.2    Furlan, S.3    Stein, L.M.4    Pardo, S.T.5
  • 46
    • 84882624924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The metacognitive advantage of deliberative thinkers: A dual-process perspective on overconfidence
    • Mata, A., Ferreira, M. B., & Sherman, S. J., (2013). The metacognitive advantage of deliberative thinkers:A dual-process perspective on overconfidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 105(3), 353–355.
    • (2013) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.105 , Issue.3 , pp. 353-355
    • Mata, A.1    Ferreira, M.B.2    Sherman, S.J.3
  • 47
    • 84906345465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of language comprehension in reasoning: How “good-enough” representations induce biases
    • Mata, A., Schubert, A.-L., & Ferreira, M. B., (2014). The role of language comprehension in reasoning:How “good-enough” representations induce biases. Cognition, 133(2), 457–463.
    • (2014) Cognition , vol.133 , Issue.2 , pp. 457-463
    • Mata, A.1    Schubert, A.-L.2    Ferreira, M.B.3
  • 49
    • 84942295792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Domain-specific preferences for intuition and deliberation in decision making
    • Pachur, T., & Spaar, M., (2015). Domain-specific preferences for intuition and deliberation in decision making. Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 4(3), 303–311.
    • (2015) Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition , vol.4 , Issue.3 , pp. 303-311
    • Pachur, T.1    Spaar, M.2
  • 50
    • 0033238098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relation of rational and experiential information processing styles to personality, basic beliefs, and the ratio-bias phenomenon
    • Pacini, R., & Epstein, S., (1999). The relation of rational and experiential information processing styles to personality, basic beliefs, and the ratio-bias phenomenon. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76(6), 972–987.
    • (1999) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.76 , Issue.6 , pp. 972-987
    • Pacini, R.1    Epstein, S.2
  • 51
    • 0001915141 scopus 로고
    • Measurement and control of response bias
    • Robinson J.P., Shaver P.R., Wrightsman L.S., (eds), San Diego, CA: Academic Press
    • Paulhus, D. L., (1991). Measurement and control of response bias. In J. P., Robinson, P. R., Shaver, & L. S., Wrightsman (Eds.), Measures of personality and social psychological attitudes (pp. 17–59). San Diego, CA:Academic Press.
    • (1991) Measures of personality and social psychological attitudes , pp. 17-59
    • Paulhus, D.L.1
  • 52
    • 84855757816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reflection and reasoning in moral judgment
    • Paxton, J. M., Ungar, L., & Greene, J. D., (2012). Reflection and reasoning in moral judgment. Cognitive Science, 36(1), 163–177.
    • (2012) Cognitive Science , vol.36 , Issue.1 , pp. 163-177
    • Paxton, J.M.1    Ungar, L.2    Greene, J.D.3
  • 53
    • 84924090437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is the cognitive reflection test a measure of both reflection and intuition
    • Pennycook, G., Cheyne, J. A., Koehler, D. J., & Fugelsang, J. A., (2015). Is the cognitive reflection test a measure of both reflection and intuition? Behavior Research Methods, 48(1), 341–348.
    • (2015) Behavior Research Methods , vol.48 , Issue.1 , pp. 341-348
    • Pennycook, G.1    Cheyne, J.A.2    Koehler, D.J.3    Fugelsang, J.A.4
  • 54
    • 84859732264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analytic cognitive style predicts religious and paranormal belief
    • Pennycook, G., Cheyne, J. A., Seli, P., Koehler, D. J., & Fugelsang, J. A., (2012). Analytic cognitive style predicts religious and paranormal belief. Cognition, 123(3), 335–346.
    • (2012) Cognition , vol.123 , Issue.3 , pp. 335-346
    • Pennycook, G.1    Cheyne, J.A.2    Seli, P.3    Koehler, D.J.4    Fugelsang, J.A.5
  • 56
    • 84958552321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Commentary: Cognitive reflection vs. calculation in decision making
    • Retrieved from
    • Pennycook, G., & Ross, M. R., (2016). Commentary:Cognitive reflection vs. calculation in decision making. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 9. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4722428/
    • (2016) Frontiers in Psychology , vol.7 , pp. 9
    • Pennycook, G.1    Ross, M.R.2
  • 58
    • 84856417975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beyond comprehension the role of numeracy in judgments and decisions
    • Peters, E., (2012). Beyond comprehension the role of numeracy in judgments and decisions. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 21(1), 31–35.
    • (2012) Current Directions in Psychological Science , vol.21 , Issue.1 , pp. 31-35
    • Peters, E.1
  • 60
    • 84897808843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Religiosity, political orientation, and consequentialist moral thinking
    • Piazza, J., & Sousa, P., (2013). Religiosity, political orientation, and consequentialist moral thinking. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 5(3), 334–342.
    • (2013) Social Psychological and Personality Science , vol.5 , Issue.3 , pp. 334-342
    • Piazza, J.1    Sousa, P.2
  • 61
    • 84930899021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The development and testing of a new version of the cognitive reflection test applying item response theory (IRT)
    • Primi, C., Morsanyi, K., Chiesi, F., Donati, M. A., & Hamilton, J., (2015). The development and testing of a new version of the cognitive reflection test applying item response theory (IRT). Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 29. doi:10.1002/bdm.1883
    • (2015) Journal of Behavioral Decision Making , vol.29
    • Primi, C.1    Morsanyi, K.2    Chiesi, F.3    Donati, M.A.4    Hamilton, J.5
  • 62
    • 70350136634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identifying decision strategies in a consumer choice situation
    • Reisen, N., Hoffrage, U., & Mast, F. W., (2008). Identifying decision strategies in a consumer choice situation. Judgment and Decision Making, 3(8), 641–658.
    • (2008) Judgment and Decision Making , vol.3 , Issue.8 , pp. 641-658
    • Reisen, N.1    Hoffrage, U.2    Mast, F.W.3
  • 63
    • 70449467152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How numeracy influences risk comprehension and medical decision making
    • Reyna, V. F., Nelson, W. L., Han, P. K., & Dieckmann, N. F., (2009). How numeracy influences risk comprehension and medical decision making. Psychological Bulletin, 135(6), 943–973.
    • (2009) Psychological Bulletin , vol.135 , Issue.6 , pp. 943-973
    • Reyna, V.F.1    Nelson, W.L.2    Han, P.K.3    Dieckmann, N.F.4
  • 64
    • 58149433367 scopus 로고
    • Rational choice and the structure of the environment
    • Simon, H. A., (1956). Rational choice and the structure of the environment. Psychological Review, 63(2), 129–138.
    • (1956) Psychological Review , vol.63 , Issue.2 , pp. 129-138
    • Simon, H.A.1
  • 65
    • 84930935511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive reflection vs. calculation in decision making
    • Sinayev, A., & Peters, E., (2015). Cognitive reflection vs. calculation in decision making. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 532. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00532
    • (2015) Frontiers in Psychology , vol.6 , pp. 532
    • Sinayev, A.1    Peters, E.2
  • 67
    • 84876112275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Matching bias in syllogistic reasoning: Evidence for a dual-process account from response times and confidence ratings
    • Stupple, E. J., Ball, L. J., & Ellis, D., (2013). Matching bias in syllogistic reasoning:Evidence for a dual-process account from response times and confidence ratings. Thinking & Reasoning, 19(1), 54–77.
    • (2013) Thinking & Reasoning , vol.19 , Issue.1 , pp. 54-77
    • Stupple, E.J.1    Ball, L.J.2    Ellis, D.3
  • 68
    • 85139481228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Working memory, cognitive miserliness and logic as predictors of performance on the cognitive reflection test
    • Knauff M., Pauen M., Sebanz N., Wachsmuth I., (eds), Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society
    • Stupple, E. J., Gale, M., & Richmond, C. R., (2013). Working memory, cognitive miserliness and logic as predictors of performance on the cognitive reflection test. In M., Knauff, M., Pauen, N., Sebanz, & I., Wachsmuth (Eds.), Proceedings of the 35th annual conference of the cognitive science society (pp. 1396–1401). Austin, TX:Cognitive Science Society.
    • (2013) Proceedings of the 35th annual conference of the cognitive science society , pp. 1396-1401
    • Stupple, E.J.1    Gale, M.2    Richmond, C.R.3
  • 69
    • 84916623127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Highly reflective reasoners show no signs of belief inhibition
    • Svedholm-Häkkinen, A. M., (2015). Highly reflective reasoners show no signs of belief inhibition. Acta Psychologica, 154, 69–76.
    • (2015) Acta Psychologica , vol.154 , pp. 69-76
    • Svedholm-Häkkinen, A.M.1
  • 70
    • 84991696810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of expertise and preference behind individuals’ tendency to use intuitive decision style
    • Szaszi, B., (2016). The role of expertise and preference behind individuals’ tendency to use intuitive decision style. Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 5(3), 329–330.
    • (2016) Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition , vol.5 , Issue.3 , pp. 329-330
    • Szaszi, B.1
  • 72
    • 84956941613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigating an alternate form of the cognitive reflection test
    • Thomson, K. S., & Oppenheimer, D. M., (2016). Investigating an alternate form of the cognitive reflection test. Judgment and Decision Making, 11(1), 99–113.
    • (2016) Judgment and Decision Making , vol.11 , Issue.1 , pp. 99-113
    • Thomson, K.S.1    Oppenheimer, D.M.2
  • 73
    • 84894322211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conflict, metacognition, and analytic thinking
    • Thompson, V. A., & Johnson, S. C., (2014). Conflict, metacognition, and analytic thinking. Thinking & Reasoning, 20(2), 215–244.
    • (2014) Thinking & Reasoning , vol.20 , Issue.2 , pp. 215-244
    • Thompson, V.A.1    Johnson, S.C.2
  • 75
    • 84887628261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of answer fluency and perceptual fluency as metacognitive cues for initiating analytic thinking
    • Thompson, V. A., Turner, J. P., Pennycook, G., Ball, L. J., Brack, H., Ophir, Y., & Ackerman, R., (2013). The role of answer fluency and perceptual fluency as metacognitive cues for initiating analytic thinking. Cognition, 128(2), 237–251.
    • (2013) Cognition , vol.128 , Issue.2 , pp. 237-251
    • Thompson, V.A.1    Turner, J.P.2    Pennycook, G.3    Ball, L.J.4    Brack, H.5    Ophir, Y.6    Ackerman, R.7
  • 76
    • 84856413981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Cognitive Reflection Test as a predictor of performance on heuristics-and-biases tasks
    • Toplak, M. E., West, R. F., & Stanovich, K. E., (2011). The Cognitive Reflection Test as a predictor of performance on heuristics-and-biases tasks. Memory & Cognition, 39(7), 1275–1289.
    • (2011) Memory & Cognition , vol.39 , Issue.7 , pp. 1275-1289
    • Toplak, M.E.1    West, R.F.2    Stanovich, K.E.3
  • 77
    • 84894310246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing miserly information processing: An expansion of the Cognitive Reflection Test
    • Toplak, M. E., West, R. F., & Stanovich, K. E., (2014). Assessing miserly information processing:An expansion of the Cognitive Reflection Test. Thinking & Reasoning, 20(2), 147–168.
    • (2014) Thinking & Reasoning , vol.20 , Issue.2 , pp. 147-168
    • Toplak, M.E.1    West, R.F.2    Stanovich, K.E.3
  • 78
    • 0348162424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Focusing failures in competitive environments: Explaining decision errors in the Monty Hall game, the acquiring a company problem, and multiparty ultimatums
    • Tor, A., & Bazerman, M. H., (2003). Focusing failures in competitive environments:Explaining decision errors in the Monty Hall game, the acquiring a company problem, and multiparty ultimatums. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 16(5), 353–374.
    • (2003) Journal of Behavioral Decision Making , vol.16 , Issue.5 , pp. 353-374
    • Tor, A.1    Bazerman, M.H.2
  • 79
    • 84958214465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The time course of conflict on the cognitive reflection test
    • Travers, E., Rolison, J. J., & Feeney, A., (2016). The time course of conflict on the cognitive reflection test. Cognition, 150, 109–118.
    • (2016) Cognition , vol.150 , pp. 109-118
    • Travers, E.1    Rolison, J.J.2    Feeney, A.3
  • 80
    • 0016264378 scopus 로고
    • Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases
    • Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D., (1974). Judgment under uncertainty:Heuristics and biases. Science, 185(4157), 1124–1131.
    • (1974) Science , vol.185 , Issue.4157 , pp. 1124-1131
    • Tversky, A.1    Kahneman, D.2
  • 81
    • 0002352339 scopus 로고
    • Dual processes in reasoning?
    • Wason, P. C., & Evans, J. S. B., (1975). Dual processes in reasoning? Cognition, 3(2), 141–154.
    • (1975) Cognition , vol.3 , Issue.2 , pp. 141-154
    • Wason, P.C.1    Evans, J.S.B.2
  • 83
    • 84907384130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Cognitive Reflection Test: How much more than numerical ability
    • Knauff M., Pauen M., Sebanz N., Wachsmuth I., (eds), Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society
    • Welsh, M., Burns, N., & Delfabbro, P., (2013). The Cognitive Reflection Test:How much more than numerical ability. In M., Knauff, M., Pauen, N., Sebanz, & I., Wachsmuth (Eds.), Proceedings of the 35th annual conference of the cognitive science society (pp. 1396–1401). Austin, TX:Cognitive Science Society.
    • (2013) Proceedings of the 35th annual conference of the cognitive science society , pp. 1396-1401
    • Welsh, M.1    Burns, N.2    Delfabbro, P.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.