Does the cognitive reflection test measure cognitive reflection? A mathematical modeling approach

Memory and Cognition

Volumn 42, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 434-447

  Campitelli, Guillermo ^a   Gerrans, Paul ^b  

^a EDITH COWAN UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA   (Australia)

Author keywords

Actively open minded thinking; Cognitive reflection test; Mathematical ability; Rational thinking; Thinking dispositions

Indexed keywords

ADULT; FEMALE; HUMAN; INHIBITION (PSYCHOLOGY); MALE; MATHEMATICAL PHENOMENA; MIDDLE AGED; PHYSIOLOGY; PROBLEM SOLVING; PSYCHOLOGICAL MODEL; THINKING; YOUNG ADULT;

ADULT; FEMALE; HUMANS; INHIBITION (PSYCHOLOGY); MALE; MATHEMATICAL CONCEPTS; MIDDLE AGED; MODELS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; PROBLEM SOLVING; THINKING; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84897060334     PISSN: 0090502X     EISSN: 15325946     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3758/s13421-013-0367-9     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Baron, J. (1985). Rationality and intelligence. New York: Cambridge University Press.
2. Baron, J. (2008). Thinking and deciding (4th ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press.
3. Böckenholt, U. (2012). The cognitive-miser response model: Testing for intuitive and deliberate reasoning. Psychometrika, 77, 388-399.
4. Campitelli, G., & Labollita, M. (2010). Correlations of cognitive reflection with judgments and choices. Judgment and Decision Making, 5, 182-191.
5. Cokely, E. T., & Kelley, C. M. (2009). Cognitive abilities and superior decision making under risk: A protocol analysis and process model evaluation. Judgment and Decision Making, 4, 20-33.
6. Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992). Neo PI-R professional manual (pp. 653-665). Odessa: Psychological Assessment Resources. 396.
7. Epstein, S., & Meier, P. (1989). Constructive thinking: A broad coping variable with specific components. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 332-350. doi: 10. 1037/0022-3514. 57. 2. 332.
8. Evans, J. S. B. T. (2008). Dual-processing accounts of reasoning, judgment, and social cognition. Annual Review of Psychology, 59, 255-278. doi: 10. 1146/annurev. psych. 59. 103006. 093629.
9. Evans, J. S. B. T., Barston, J., & Pollard, P. (1983). On the conflict between logic and belief in syllogistic reasoning. Memory & Cognition, 11, 295-306.
10. Finucane, M. L., & Gullion, C. M. (2010). Developing a tool for measuring the decision-making competence of older adults. Psychology and Aging, 25, 271-288. doi: 10. 1037/a0019106.
11. Frederick, S. (2005). Cognitive reflection and decision making. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 19, 25-42.
12. Kahneman, D., & Frederick, S. (2002). Representativeness revisited: Attribute substitution in intuitive judgment. In T. Gilovich, D. Griffin, & D. Kahneman (Eds.), Heuristics and biases: The psychology of intuitive judgment (pp. 49-81). New York: Cambridge University Press.
13. Liberali, J. M., Reyna, V. F., Furlan, S., Stein, L. M., & Pardo, S. T. (2011). Individual differences in numeracy and cognitive reflection, with implications for biases and fallacies in probability judgment. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 25, 361-381.
14. Lipkus, I. M., Samsa, G., & Rimer, B. K. (2001). General performance on a numeracy scale among highly educated samples. Medical Decision Making, 21, 37-44.
15. Macpherson, R., & Stanovich, K. E. (2007). Cognitive ability, thinking dispositions, and instructional set as predictors of critical thinking. Learning and Individual Differences, 17, 115-127.
16. Markovits, H., & Nantel, G. (1989). The belief-bias effect in the production and evaluation of logical conclusions. Memory & Cognition, 17, 11-17.
17. Nisbett, R. E., & Wilson, T. D. (1977). Telling more than we can know: Verbal reports on mental processes. Psychological Review, 84, 231-259. doi: 10. 1037/0033-295X. 84. 3. 231.
18. Oechssler, J., Roider, A., & Schmitz, P. W. (2009). Cognitive abilities and behavioral biases. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 72, 147-152.
19. Paulhus, D. L., & Reid, D. B. (1991). Enhancement and denial in socially desirable responding. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 307-317.
20. Peters, E., & Levin, I. P. (2008). Dissecting the risky-choice framing effect: Numeracy as an individual-difference factor in weighting risky and riskless options. Judgment and Decision Making, 3, 435-448.
21. Raferty, A. F. (1995). Bayesian model selection in social research. Sociological Methodology, 25, 111-164.
22. R Development Core Team. (2012). R: A language and environment for statistical computing (ISBN 3-900051-07-0). Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Retrieved from www. r-project. org.
23. Sá, W., West, R. F., & Stanovich, K. E. (1999). The domain specificity and generality of belief bias: Searching for a generalizable critical thinking skill. Journal of Educational Psychology, 91, 497-510.
24. Schwartz, L. M., Woloshin, S., Black, W. C., & Welch, H. G. (1997). The role of numeracy in understanding the benefit of screening mammography. Annals of Internal Medicine, 127, 966-972.
25. Stanovich, K. E., & West, R. F. (1997). Reasoning independently of prior belief and individual differences in actively open-minded thinking. Journal of Educational Psychology, 89, 342-357.
26. Stanovich, K. E., & West, R. F. (1998). Individual differences in rational thought. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 127, 161-188. doi: 10. 1037/0096-3445. 127. 2. 161.
27. Stanovich, K. E., & West, R. F. (2007). Natural myside bias is independent of cognitive ability. Thinking and Reasoning, 13, 225-247. doi: 10. 1080/13546780600780796.
28. Toplak, M. E., West, R. F., & Stanovich, K. E. (2011). The cognitive reflection test as a predictor of performance on heuristics-and-biases tasks. Memory & Cognition, 39, 1275-1289. doi: 10. 3758/s13421-011-0104-1.
29. Weller, J. A., Dieckmann, N. F., Tusler, M., Mertz, C. K., Burns, W. J., & Peters, E. (2013). Development and testing of an abbreviated numeracy scale: A Rasch analysis approach. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 26, 198-212.
30. West, R. F., Toplak, M. E., & Stanovich, K. E. (2008). Heuristics and biases as measures of critical thinking: Associations with cognitive ability and thinking dispositions. Journal of Educational Psychology, 100, 930-941.