메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 6, Issue MAY, 2015, Pages

Cognitive reflection vs. calculation in decision making

Author keywords

Biases; Cognitive reflection test; Dual system theory; Financial outcomes; Individual differences; Numeracy

Indexed keywords


EID: 84930935511     PISSN: None     EISSN: 16641078     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00532     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (140)

References (59)
  • 1
    • 36248949617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overcoming intuition: metacognitive difficulty activates analytic reasoning
    • Alter, A. L., Oppenheimer, D. M., Epley, N., and Eyre, R. N. (2007). Overcoming intuition: metacognitive difficulty activates analytic reasoning. J. Exp. Psychol. Gen. 136, 569-576. doi: 10.1037/0096-3445.136.4.569
    • (2007) J. Exp. Psychol. Gen. , vol.136 , pp. 569-576
    • Alter, A.L.1    Oppenheimer, D.M.2    Epley, N.3    Eyre, R.N.4
  • 2
    • 2442695245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What you see may not be what you get: a brief, nontechnical introduction to overfitting in regression-type models
    • Babyak, M. A. (2004). What you see may not be what you get: a brief, nontechnical introduction to overfitting in regression-type models. Psychosom. Med. 66, 411-421. doi: 10.1097/01.psy.0000127692.23278.a9
    • (2004) Psychosom. Med. , vol.66 , pp. 411-421
    • Babyak, M.A.1
  • 3
    • 84938493865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why does the cognitive reflection test (sometimes) predict utilitarian moral judgment (and other things)?
    • Baron, J., Scott, S., Fincher, K., and Metz, S. E. (2014). Why does the cognitive reflection test (sometimes) predict utilitarian moral judgment (and other things)? J. Appl. Res. Mem. Cogn. doi: 10.1016/j.jarmac.2014.09.003
    • (2014) J. Appl. Res. Mem. Cogn.
    • Baron, J.1    Scott, S.2    Fincher, K.3    Metz, S.E.4
  • 4
    • 84882707109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Who is "behavioral"? Cognitive ability and anomalous preferences
    • Benjamin, D. J., Brown, S. A., and Shapiro, J. M. (2013). Who is "behavioral"? Cognitive ability and anomalous preferences. J. Eur. Econ. Assoc. 11, 1231-1255. doi: 10.1111/jeea.12055
    • (2013) J. Eur. Econ. Assoc. , vol.11 , pp. 1231-1255
    • Benjamin, D.J.1    Brown, S.A.2    Shapiro, J.M.3
  • 5
    • 84874402097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling multiple response processes in judgment and choice
    • Böckenholt, U. (2012a). Modeling multiple response processes in judgment and choice. Psychol. Methods 17, 665-678. doi: 10.1037/2325-9965.1.S.83
    • (2012) Psychol. Methods , vol.17 , pp. 665-678
    • Böckenholt, U.1
  • 6
    • 84858442083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cognitive-miser response model: Testing for intuitive and deliberate reasoning
    • Böckenholt, U. (2012b). The cognitive-miser response model: Testing for intuitive and deliberate reasoning. Psychometrika 77, 388-399. doi: 10.1007/s11336-012-9251-y
    • (2012) Psychometrika , vol.77 , pp. 388-399
    • Böckenholt, U.1
  • 7
    • 84970206396 scopus 로고
    • Stereotypes as judgmental heuristics: evidence of circadian variations in discrimination
    • Bodenhausen, G. V. (1990). Stereotypes as judgmental heuristics: evidence of circadian variations in discrimination. Psychol. Sci. 1, 319-322. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.1990.tb00226.x
    • (1990) Psychol. Sci. , vol.1 , pp. 319-322
    • Bodenhausen, G.V.1
  • 8
    • 84874689070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How to open the door to System 2: Debiasing the bat-and-ball problem
    • S. Watanabe, A. P. Bloisdell, L. Huber, and A. Young (Tokyo: Keio University Press)
    • Bourgeois-Gironde, S., and Van der Henst, J. B. (2009). "How to open the door to System 2: Debiasing the bat-and-ball problem," in Rational Animals, Irrational Humans eds S. Watanabe, A. P. Bloisdell, L. Huber, and A. Young (Tokyo: Keio University Press), 235-252.
    • (2009) in Rational Animals, Irrational Humans , pp. 235-252
    • Bourgeois-Gironde, S.1    Van Der Henst, J.B.2
  • 9
    • 34248394784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individual differences in adult decision-making competence
    • Bruine de Bruin, W., Parker, A. M., and Fischhoff, B. (2007). Individual differences in adult decision-making competence. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 92, 938-956. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.92.5.938
    • (2007) J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. , vol.92 , pp. 938-956
    • Bruine De Bruin, W.1    Parker, A.M.2    Fischhoff, B.3
  • 10
    • 84897060334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does the cognitive reflection test measure cognitive reflection?
    • Campitelli, G., and Gerrans, P. (2014). Does the cognitive reflection test measure cognitive reflection? A mathematical modeling approach. Mem. Cogn. 42, 434-447. doi: 10.3758/s13421-013-0367-9
    • (2014) A mathematical modeling approach. Mem. Cogn. , vol.42 , pp. 434-447
    • Campitelli, G.1    Gerrans, P.2
  • 11
    • 77954495777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlations of cognitive reflection with judgments and choices
    • Campitelli, G., and Labollita, M. (2010). Correlations of cognitive reflection with judgments and choices. Judgm. Decis. Mak. 5, 182-191.
    • (2010) Judgm. Decis. Mak. , vol.5 , pp. 182-191
    • Campitelli, G.1    Labollita, M.2
  • 12
    • 84894669519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonnaïveté among Amazon Mechanical Turk workers: consequences and solutions for behavioral researchers
    • Chandler, J., Mueller, P., and Paolacci, G. (2014). Nonnaïveté among Amazon Mechanical Turk workers: consequences and solutions for behavioral researchers. Behav. Res. Methods 46, 112-130. doi: 10.3758/s13428-013-0365-7
    • (2014) Behav. Res. Methods , vol.46 , pp. 112-130
    • Chandler, J.1    Mueller, P.2    Paolacci, G.3
  • 13
    • 84993790580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • My current thoughts on coefficient alpha and successor procedures
    • Cronbach, L. J., and Shavelson, R. J. (2004). My current thoughts on coefficient alpha and successor procedures. Educ. Psychol. Meas. 64, 391-418. doi: 10.1177/0013164404266386
    • (2004) Educ. Psychol. Meas. , vol.64 , pp. 391-418
    • Cronbach, L.J.1    Shavelson, R.J.2
  • 14
    • 84863310429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IRTrees: tree-based item response models of the GLMM family
    • De Boeck, P., and Partchev, I. (2012). IRTrees: tree-based item response models of the GLMM family. J. Stat. Softw. 48, 1-28.
    • (2012) J. Stat. Softw. , vol.48 , pp. 1-28
    • De Boeck, P.1    Partchev, I.2
  • 15
    • 84856628806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decision-making competence, executive functioning, and general cognitive abilities
    • Del Missier, F., Mäntylä, T., and Bruine de Bruin, W. (2012). Decision-making competence, executive functioning, and general cognitive abilities. J. Behav. Decis. Mak. 25, 331-351. doi: 10.1002/bdm.731
    • (2012) J. Behav. Decis. Mak. , vol.25 , pp. 331-351
    • Del Missier, F.1    Mäntylä, T.2    Bruine De Bruin, W.3
  • 16
    • 84874687253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bats, balls, and substitution sensitivity: cognitive misers are no happy fools
    • De Neys, W., Rossi, S., and Houdé, O. (2013). Bats, balls, and substitution sensitivity: cognitive misers are no happy fools. Psychon. Bull. Rev. 20, 269-273. doi: 10.3758/s13423-013-0384-5
    • (2013) Psychon. Bull. Rev. , vol.20 , pp. 269-273
    • De Neys, W.1    Rossi, S.2    Houdé, O.3
  • 17
    • 79952811639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fortune favors the bold (and the iized): effects of disfluency on educational outcomes
    • Diemand-Yauman, C., Oppenheimer, D. M., and Vaughan, E. B. (2011). Fortune favors the bold (and the iized): effects of disfluency on educational outcomes. Cognition 118, 111-115. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2010.09.012
    • (2011) Cognition , vol.118 , pp. 111-115
    • Diemand-Yauman, C.1    Oppenheimer, D.M.2    Vaughan, E.B.3
  • 19
    • 0020757857 scopus 로고
    • On the conflict between logic and belief in syllogistic reasoning
    • Evans, J. S., Barston, J. L., and Pollard, P. (1983). On the conflict between logic and belief in syllogistic reasoning. Mem. Cognit. 11, 295-306. doi: 10.3758/BF03196976
    • (1983) Mem. Cognit. , vol.11 , pp. 295-306
    • Evans, J.S.1    Barston, J.L.2    Pollard, P.3
  • 20
    • 35148855629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring numeracy without a math test: development of the subjective numeracy scale
    • Fagerlin, A., Zikmund-Fisher, B. J., Ubel, P. A., Jankovic, A., Derry, H. A., and Smith, D. M. (2007). Measuring numeracy without a math test: development of the subjective numeracy scale. Med. Decis. Making 27, 672-680. doi: 10.1177/0272989X07304449
    • (2007) Med. Decis. Making , vol.27 , pp. 672-680
    • Fagerlin, A.1    Zikmund-Fisher, B.J.2    Ubel, P.A.3    Jankovic, A.4    Derry, H.A.5    Smith, D.M.6
  • 21
    • 33645810587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive reflection and decision making
    • Frederick, S. (2005). Cognitive reflection and decision making. J. Econ. Perspect. 19, 25-42. doi: 10.1257/089533005775196732
    • (2005) J. Econ. Perspect. , vol.19 , pp. 25-42
    • Frederick, S.1
  • 22
    • 77955093585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of (incentivized) belief elicitation in public goods experiments
    • Gächter, S., and Renner, E. (2010). The effects of (incentivized) belief elicitation in public goods experiments. Exp. Econ. 13, 364-377. doi: 10.1007/s10683-010-9246-4
    • (2010) Exp. Econ. , vol.13 , pp. 364-377
    • Gächter, S.1    Renner, E.2
  • 24
    • 84946263679 scopus 로고
    • Robust regression using iteratively reweighted least-squares
    • Holland, P. W., and Welsch, R. E. (1977). Robust regression using iteratively reweighted least-squares. Commun. Stat. Theory Methods 6, 813-827. doi: 10.1080/03610927708827533
    • (1977) Commun. Stat. Theory Methods , vol.6 , pp. 813-827
    • Holland, P.W.1    Welsch, R.E.2
  • 25
    • 0037756148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk aversion and incentive effects
    • Holt, C. A., and Laury, S. K. (2002). Risk aversion and incentive effects. Am. Econ. Rev. 92, 1644-1655. doi: 10.1257/000282802762024700
    • (2002) Am. Econ. Rev. , vol.92 , pp. 1644-1655
    • Holt, C.A.1    Laury, S.K.2
  • 26
    • 78649783187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioral biases and cognitive reflection
    • Hoppe, E. I., and Kusterer, D. J. (2011). Behavioral biases and cognitive reflection. Econ. Lett. 110, 97-100. doi: 10.1016/j.econlet.2010.11.015
    • (2011) Econ. Lett. , vol.110 , pp. 97-100
    • Hoppe, E.I.1    Kusterer, D.J.2
  • 27
    • 0242267471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A perspective on judgment and choice: mapping bounded rationality
    • Kahneman, D. (2003). A perspective on judgment and choice: mapping bounded rationality. Am. Psychol. 58, 697-720. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.58.9.697
    • (2003) Am. Psychol. , vol.58 , pp. 697-720
    • Kahneman, D.1
  • 28
    • 84855454549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New York, NY: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
    • Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, Fast and Slow. New York, NY: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
    • (2011) Thinking, Fast and Slow
    • Kahneman, D.1
  • 29
    • 0013305901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Representativeness revisited: attribute substitution in intuitive judgment
    • T. Gilovich, D. Griffin and D. Kahneman (Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press)
    • Kahneman, D., and Frederick, S. (2002). "Representativeness revisited: attribute substitution in intuitive judgment," in Heuristics and Biases: The Psychology of Intuitive Judgment, eds T. Gilovich, D. Griffin and D. Kahneman (Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press), 49-81.
    • (2002) in Heuristics and Biases: The Psychology of Intuitive Judgment , pp. 49-81
    • Kahneman, D.1    Frederick, S.2
  • 30
    • 84896313837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of numeracy and intelligence in health-risk estimation and medical data interpretation
    • Låg, T., Bauger, L., Lindberg, M., and Friborg, O. (2014). The role of numeracy and intelligence in health-risk estimation and medical data interpretation. J. Behav. Decis. Mak. 27, 95-108. doi: 10.1002/bdm.1788
    • (2014) J. Behav. Decis. Mak. , vol.27 , pp. 95-108
    • Låg, T.1    Bauger, L.2    Lindberg, M.3    Friborg, O.4
  • 31
    • 84856626833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individual differences in numeracy and cognitive reflection, with implications for biases and fallacies in probability judgment
    • Liberali, J. M., Reyna, V. F., Furlan, S., Stein, L. M., and Pardo, S. T. (2012). Individual differences in numeracy and cognitive reflection, with implications for biases and fallacies in probability judgment. J. Behav. Decis. Mak. 25, 361-381. doi: 10.1002/bdm.752
    • (2012) J. Behav. Decis. Mak. , vol.25 , pp. 361-381
    • Liberali, J.M.1    Reyna, V.F.2    Furlan, S.3    Stein, L.M.4    Pardo, S.T.5
  • 33
    • 84888398601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Caring about carelessness: participant inattention and its effects on research
    • Maniaci, M. R., and Rogge, R. D. (2014). Caring about carelessness: participant inattention and its effects on research. J. Res. Pers. 48, 61-83. doi: 10.1016/j.jrp.2013.09.008
    • (2014) J. Res. Pers. , vol.48 , pp. 61-83
    • Maniaci, M.R.1    Rogge, R.D.2
  • 34
    • 84901654848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Numerals as triggers of System 1 and System 2 in the 'bat and ball' problem
    • Mastrogiorgio, A., and Petracca, E. (2014). Numerals as triggers of System 1 and System 2 in the 'bat and ball' problem. Mind Soc. 13, 135-148. doi: 10.1007/s11299-014-0138-8
    • (2014) Mind Soc. , vol.13 , pp. 135-148
    • Mastrogiorgio, A.1    Petracca, E.2
  • 35
    • 79953668505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognition and Economic Outcomes in the Health and Retirement Survey
    • (Working Paper No. 15266). Available online at
    • McArdle, J. J., Smith, J. P., and Willis, R. (2009). Cognition and Economic Outcomes in the Health and Retirement Survey (Working Paper No. 15266). Available online at: http://www.nber.org/papers/w15266. doi: 10.3386/w15266
    • (2009)
    • McArdle, J.J.1    Smith, J.P.2    Willis, R.3
  • 36
    • 33646343956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Poor response inhibition as a predictor of problem drinking and illicit drug use in adolescents at risk for alcoholism and other substance use disorders
    • Nigg, J. T., Wong, M. M., Martel, M. M., Jester, J. M., Puttler, L. I., Glass, J. M., et al. (2006). Poor response inhibition as a predictor of problem drinking and illicit drug use in adolescents at risk for alcoholism and other substance use disorders. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 45, 468-475. doi: 10.1097/01.chi.0000199028.76452.a9
    • (2006) J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry , vol.45 , pp. 468-475
    • Nigg, J.T.1    Wong, M.M.2    Martel, M.M.3    Jester, J.M.4    Puttler, L.I.5    Glass, J.M.6
  • 37
    • 70349440511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive abilities and behavioral biases
    • Oechssler, J., Roider, A., and Schmitz, P. W. (2009). Cognitive abilities and behavioral biases. J. Econ. Behav. Organ. 72, 147-152. doi: 10.1016/j.jebo.2009.04.018
    • (2009) J. Econ. Behav. Organ. , vol.72 , pp. 147-152
    • Oechssler, J.1    Roider, A.2    Schmitz, P.W.3
  • 38
    • 67651014851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Instructional manipulation checks: detecting satisficing to increase statistical power
    • Oppenheimer, D. M., Meyvis, T., and Davidenko, N. (2009). Instructional manipulation checks: detecting satisficing to increase statistical power. J. Exp. Soc. Psychol. 45, 867-872. doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2009.03.009
    • (2009) J. Exp. Soc. Psychol. , vol.45 , pp. 867-872
    • Oppenheimer, D.M.1    Meyvis, T.2    Davidenko, N.3
  • 39
    • 84855757816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reflection and reasoning in moral judgment
    • Paxton, J. M., Ungar, L., and Greene, J. D. (2012). Reflection and reasoning in moral judgment. Cogn. Sci. 36, 163-177. doi: 10.1111/j.1551-6709.2011.01210.x
    • (2012) Cogn. Sci. , vol.36 , pp. 163-177
    • Paxton, J.M.1    Ungar, L.2    Greene, J.D.3
  • 40
    • 84924090437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is the cognitive reflection test a measure of both reflection and intuition?
    • Epub ahead of print.
    • Pennycook, G., Cheyne, J. A., Koehler, D. J., and Fugelsang, J. A. (2015). Is the cognitive reflection test a measure of both reflection and intuition? Behav. Res. Methods. doi: 10.3758/s13428-015-0576-1. [Epub ahead of print].
    • (2015) Behav. Res. Methods.
    • Pennycook, G.1    Cheyne, J.A.2    Koehler, D.J.3    Fugelsang, J.A.4
  • 41
    • 84856417975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beyond comprehension: the role of numeracy in judgments and decisions
    • Peters, E. (2012). Beyond comprehension: the role of numeracy in judgments and decisions. Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci. 21, 31-35. doi: 10.1177/0963721411429960
    • (2012) Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci. , vol.21 , pp. 31-35
    • Peters, E.1
  • 42
    • 78649986091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Explaining the effect of education on health a field study in Ghana
    • Peters, E., Baker, D. P., Dieckmann, N. F., Leon, J., and Collins, J. (2010). Explaining the effect of education on health a field study in Ghana. Psychol. Sci. 21, 1369-1376. doi: 10.1177/0956797610381506
    • (2010) Psychol. Sci. , vol.21 , pp. 1369-1376
    • Peters, E.1    Baker, D.P.2    Dieckmann, N.F.3    Leon, J.4    Collins, J.5
  • 43
    • 84928572013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple numeric competencies: when a number is not just a number
    • Epub ahead of print
    • Peters, E., and Bjalkebring, P. (2014). Multiple numeric competencies: when a number is not just a number. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. doi: 10.1037/pspp0000019. [Epub ahead of print].
    • (2014) J. Pers. Soc. Psychol.
    • Peters, E.1    Bjalkebring, P.2
  • 46
    • 84858778342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linear and Nonlinear Mixed Effects Models [Computer Software and Manual]
    • Pinheiro, J., Bates, D., DebRoy, S., and Sarkar, D. (2014). Linear and Nonlinear Mixed Effects Models [Computer Software and Manual]. Available online at: cran.r-project.org/package=nlme.
    • (2014)
    • Pinheiro, J.1    Bates, D.2    DebRoy, S.3    Sarkar, D.4
  • 47
    • 70449467152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How numeracy influences risk comprehension and medical decision making
    • Reyna, V. F., Nelson, W. L., Han, P. K., and Dieckmann, N. F. (2009). How numeracy influences risk comprehension and medical decision making. Psychol. Bull. 135, 943-973. doi: 10.1037/a0017327
    • (2009) Psychol. Bull. , vol.135 , pp. 943-973
    • Reyna, V.F.1    Nelson, W.L.2    Han, P.K.3    Dieckmann, N.F.4
  • 48
    • 40449084186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Executive functions in pathologic gamblers selected in an ecologic setting
    • Roca, M., Torralva, T., López, P., Cetkovich, M., Clark, L., and Manes, F. (2008). Executive functions in pathologic gamblers selected in an ecologic setting. Cogn. Behav. Neurol. 21, 1-4. doi: 10.1097/WNN.0b013e3181684358
    • (2008) Cogn. Behav. Neurol. , vol.21 , pp. 1-4
    • Roca, M.1    Torralva, T.2    López, P.3    Cetkovich, M.4    Clark, L.5    Manes, F.6
  • 49
    • 84924755353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are thoughtful people more utilitarian? CRT as a unique predictor of moral minimalism in the dilemmatic context
    • Royzman, E. B., Landy, J. F., and Leeman, R. F. (2014). Are thoughtful people more utilitarian? CRT as a unique predictor of moral minimalism in the dilemmatic context. Cogn. Sci. 39, 325-352. doi: 10.1111/cogs.12136
    • (2014) Cogn. Sci. , vol.39 , pp. 325-352
    • Royzman, E.B.1    Landy, J.F.2    Leeman, R.F.3
  • 50
    • 2442472242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk as analysis and risk as feelings: some thoughts about affect, reason, risk, and rationality
    • Slovic, P., Finucane, M. L., Peters, E., and MacGregor, D. G. (2004). Risk as analysis and risk as feelings: some thoughts about affect, reason, risk, and rationality. Risk Anal. 24, 311-322. doi: 10.1111/j.0272-4332.2004.00433.x
    • (2004) Risk Anal. , vol.24 , pp. 311-322
    • Slovic, P.1    Finucane, M.L.2    Peters, E.3    MacGregor, D.G.4
  • 51
    • 84878433727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consumer misunderstanding of credit card use, payments, and debt: causes and solutions
    • Soll, J. B., Keeney, R. L., and Larrick, R. P. (2013). Consumer misunderstanding of credit card use, payments, and debt: causes and solutions. J. Public Policy Mark. 32, 66-81. doi: 10.1509/jppm.11.061
    • (2013) J. Public Policy Mark. , vol.32 , pp. 66-81
    • Soll, J.B.1    Keeney, R.L.2    Larrick, R.P.3
  • 52
    • 0032382187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individual differences in rational thought
    • Stanovich, K. E., and West, R. F. (1998). Individual differences in rational thought. J. Exp. Psychol. Gen. 127, 161-188. doi: 10.1037/0096-3445.127.2.161
    • (1998) J. Exp. Psychol. Gen. , vol.127 , pp. 161-188
    • Stanovich, K.E.1    West, R.F.2
  • 54
    • 84856413981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cognitive reflection test as a predictor of performance on heuristics-and-biases tasks
    • Toplak, M. E., West, R. F., and Stanovich, K. E. (2011). The cognitive reflection test as a predictor of performance on heuristics-and-biases tasks. Mem. Cogn. 39, 1275-1289. doi: 10.3758/s13421-011-0104-1
    • (2011) Mem. Cogn. , vol.39 , pp. 1275-1289
    • Toplak, M.E.1    West, R.F.2    Stanovich, K.E.3
  • 55
    • 84894310246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing miserly information processing: an expansion of the Cognitive Reflection Test
    • Toplak, M. E., West, R. F., and Stanovich, K. E. (2014). Assessing miserly information processing: an expansion of the Cognitive Reflection Test. Think. Reason. 20, 147-168. doi: 10.1080/13546783.2013.844729
    • (2014) Think. Reason. , vol.20 , pp. 147-168
    • Toplak, M.E.1    West, R.F.2    Stanovich, K.E.3
  • 57
    • 43549120194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-regulation and impulsive spending patterns
    • Vohs, K. D., and Faber, R. (2003). Self-regulation and impulsive spending patterns. Adv. Consum. Res. 30, 125-126.
    • (2003) Adv. Consum. Res. , vol.30 , pp. 125-126
    • Vohs, K.D.1    Faber, R.2
  • 58
    • 84875055759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development and testing of an abbreviated numeracy scale: a Rasch analysis approach
    • Weller, J. A., Dieckmann, N. F., Tusler, M., Mertz, C. K., Burns, W. J., and Peters, E. (2013). Development and testing of an abbreviated numeracy scale: a Rasch analysis approach. J. Behav. Decis. Mak. 26, 198-212. doi: 10.1002/bdm.1751
    • (2013) J. Behav. Decis. Mak. , vol.26 , pp. 198-212
    • Weller, J.A.1    Dieckmann, N.F.2    Tusler, M.3    Mertz, C.K.4    Burns, W.J.5    Peters, E.6
  • 59
    • 84906333332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of ANS acuity and numeracy for the calibration and the coherence of subjective probability judgments
    • Winman, A., Juslin, P., Lindskog, M., Nilsson, H., and Kerimi, N. (2014). The role of ANS acuity and numeracy for the calibration and the coherence of subjective probability judgments. Front. Psychol. 5:851. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00851
    • (2014) Front. Psychol , vol.5 , pp. 851
    • Winman, A.1    Juslin, P.2    Lindskog, M.3    Nilsson, H.4    Kerimi, N.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.