메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 388, Issue , 2017, Pages 21-29

Diacetyl and related flavorant α-Diketones: Biotransformation, cellular interactions, and respiratory-tract toxicity

Author keywords

Acids and bases; Biotransformation; Covalent adduct formation; Diacetyl; Hard and soft; Quantum chemical methodology; diketones

Indexed keywords

1,2 DICARBONYL DERIVATIVE; 2,3 BUTANEDIONE; ACID; AKR1B PROTEIN; AKR1C PROTEIN; ALDEHYDE REDUCTASE; ALDO KETO REDUCTASE; ARGININE; BASE; GUANINE; LYSINE; OXIDOREDUCTASE; SDR24C1 PROTEIN; SDR25C PROTEIN; SHORT CHAIN DEHYDROGENASE REDUCTASE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; XYLULOSE REDUCTASE; FLAVORING AGENT; KETONE;

EID: 85012893216     PISSN: 0300483X     EISSN: 18793185     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.02.002     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (21)

References (146)
  • 1
    • 4344658442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome in popcorn production plant workers
    • Akpinar-Elci, M., et al. Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome in popcorn production plant workers. Eur. Respir. J. 24 (2004), 298–302.
    • (2004) Eur. Respir. J. , vol.24 , pp. 298-302
    • Akpinar-Elci, M.1
  • 2
    • 84971570076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flavoring chemicals in E-cigarettes: diacetyl, 2,3-pentanedione, and acetoin in a sample of 51 products including fruit-, candy-, and cocktail-flavored E-cigarettes
    • Allen, J.G., et al. Flavoring chemicals in E-cigarettes: diacetyl, 2,3-pentanedione, and acetoin in a sample of 51 products including fruit-, candy-, and cocktail-flavored E-cigarettes. Environ. Health Perspect. 124 (2016), 733–739.
    • (2016) Environ. Health Perspect. , vol.124 , pp. 733-739
    • Allen, J.G.1
  • 3
    • 0004196007 scopus 로고
    • Bioactivation of Foreign Compounds
    • Academic Press Orlando
    • Anders, M.W., Bioactivation of Foreign Compounds. 1985, Academic Press, Orlando.
    • (1985)
    • Anders, M.W.1
  • 4
    • 84884569527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the hypersensitivity potential of alternative butter flavorings
    • Anderson, S.E., et al. Evaluation of the hypersensitivity potential of alternative butter flavorings. Food Chem. Toxicol. 62 (2013), 373–381.
    • (2013) Food Chem. Toxicol. , vol.62 , pp. 373-381
    • Anderson, S.E.1
  • 5
    • 33748640373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanistic applicability domains for nonanimal-based prediction of toxicological end points: general principles and application to reactive toxicity
    • Aptula, A.O., Roberts, D.W., Mechanistic applicability domains for nonanimal-based prediction of toxicological end points: general principles and application to reactive toxicity. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 19 (2006), 1097–1105.
    • (2006) Chem. Res. Toxicol. , vol.19 , pp. 1097-1105
    • Aptula, A.O.1    Roberts, D.W.2
  • 6
    • 84954380169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Respiratory morbidity in a coffee processing workplace with sentinel obliterative bronchiolitis cases
    • Bailey, R.L., et al. Respiratory morbidity in a coffee processing workplace with sentinel obliterative bronchiolitis cases. Am. J. Ind. Med. 58 (2015), 1235–1245.
    • (2015) Am. J. Ind. Med. , vol.58 , pp. 1235-1245
    • Bailey, R.L.1
  • 7
    • 84919346913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flavorings in electronic cigarettes: an unrecognized respiratory health hazard?
    • Barrington-Trimis, J.L., et al. Flavorings in electronic cigarettes: an unrecognized respiratory health hazard?. JAMA 312 (2014), 2493–2494.
    • (2014) JAMA , vol.312 , pp. 2493-2494
    • Barrington-Trimis, J.L.1
  • 8
    • 54549110136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The aldo-keto reductase superfamily and its role in drug metabolism and detoxification
    • Barski, O.A., et al. The aldo-keto reductase superfamily and its role in drug metabolism and detoxification. Drug Metab. Rev. 40 (2008), 553–624.
    • (2008) Drug Metab. Rev. , vol.40 , pp. 553-624
    • Barski, O.A.1
  • 9
    • 0000545498 scopus 로고
    • Hydration equilibriums of some aldehydes and ketones
    • Bell, R.P., McDougall, A.O., Hydration equilibriums of some aldehydes and ketones. Trans. Faraday Soc. 56 (1960), 1281–1285.
    • (1960) Trans. Faraday Soc. , vol.56 , pp. 1281-1285
    • Bell, R.P.1    McDougall, A.O.2
  • 10
    • 84937489318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards a systematic analysis of human short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR): ligand identification and structure-activity relationships
    • Bhatia, C., et al. Towards a systematic analysis of human short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR): ligand identification and structure-activity relationships. Chem. – Biol. Interact. 234 (2015), 114–125.
    • (2015) Chem. – Biol. Interact. , vol.234 , pp. 114-125
    • Bhatia, C.1
  • 11
    • 0028924699 scopus 로고
    • Functional significance of arginine 15 in the active site of human class Alpha glutathione transferase A1-1
    • Björnestedt, R., et al. Functional significance of arginine 15 in the active site of human class Alpha glutathione transferase A1-1. J. Mol. Biol. 247 (1995), 765–773.
    • (1995) J. Mol. Biol. , vol.247 , pp. 765-773
    • Björnestedt, R.1
  • 12
    • 0018290611 scopus 로고
    • Mutagenicity of 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds: maltol, kojic acid, diacetyl and related substances
    • Bjeldanes, L.F., Chew, H., Mutagenicity of 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds: maltol, kojic acid, diacetyl and related substances. Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. 67 (1979), 367–371.
    • (1979) Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. , vol.67 , pp. 367-371
    • Bjeldanes, L.F.1    Chew, H.2
  • 13
    • 84860857808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of diacetyl substitutes at a microwave popcorn production plant
    • Boylstein, R., Identification of diacetyl substitutes at a microwave popcorn production plant. J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. 9 (2012), D33–D34.
    • (2012) J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. , vol.9 , pp. D33-D34
    • Boylstein, R.1
  • 14
    • 0015503883 scopus 로고
    • Purification and some properties of diacetyl reductase from beef liver
    • Burgos, J., Martin, R., Purification and some properties of diacetyl reductase from beef liver. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Enzymol. 268 (1972), 261–270.
    • (1972) Biochim. Biophys. Acta Enzymol. , vol.268 , pp. 261-270
    • Burgos, J.1    Martin, R.2
  • 15
    • 0002301488 scopus 로고
    • The reversible hydration of carbonyl compounds in aqueous solution: part I. The keto/gem-diol equilibrium
    • Buschmann, H.-J., et al. The reversible hydration of carbonyl compounds in aqueous solution: part I. The keto/gem-diol equilibrium. Ber. Bunsen Ges. 84 (1980), 41–44.
    • (1980) Ber. Bunsen Ges. , vol.84 , pp. 41-44
    • Buschmann, H.-J.1
  • 16
    • 84875219190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biocatalytic production of α-hydroxy ketones and vicinal diols by yeast and human aldo-keto reductases
    • Calam, E., et al. Biocatalytic production of α-hydroxy ketones and vicinal diols by yeast and human aldo-keto reductases. Chem. – Biol. Interact. 202 (2013), 195–203.
    • (2013) Chem. – Biol. Interact. , vol.202 , pp. 195-203
    • Calam, E.1
  • 17
    • 2642679232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification and characterization of a novel human aldose reductase-like gene
    • Cao, D., et al. Identification and characterization of a novel human aldose reductase-like gene. J. Biol. Chem. 273 (1998), 11429–11435.
    • (1998) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.273 , pp. 11429-11435
    • Cao, D.1
  • 18
    • 10444246618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure-based discovery of human L-xylulose reductase inhibitors from database screening and molecular docking
    • Carbone, V., et al. Structure-based discovery of human L-xylulose reductase inhibitors from database screening and molecular docking. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 13 (2005), 301–312.
    • (2005) Bioorg. Med. Chem. , vol.13 , pp. 301-312
    • Carbone, V.1
  • 19
    • 33745756260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrophilicity index
    • Chattaraj, P.K., et al. Electrophilicity index. Chem. Rev. 106 (2006), 2065–2091.
    • (2006) Chem. Rev. , vol.106 , pp. 2065-2091
    • Chattaraj, P.K.1
  • 20
    • 0141480976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arginine residues in the active site of human phenol sulfotransferase (SULT1A1)
    • Chen, G., Chen, X., Arginine residues in the active site of human phenol sulfotransferase (SULT1A1). J. Biol. Chem. 278 (2003), 36358–36364.
    • (2003) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.278 , pp. 36358-36364
    • Chen, G.1    Chen, X.2
  • 21
    • 84941877236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diacetyl in foods: a review of safety and sensory characteristics
    • Clark, S., Winter, C.K., Diacetyl in foods: a review of safety and sensory characteristics. Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf. 14 (2015), 634–643.
    • (2015) Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf. , vol.14 , pp. 634-643
    • Clark, S.1    Winter, C.K.2
  • 22
    • 66149117502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global analysis of protein damage by the lipid electrophile 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal
    • Codreanu, S.G., et al. Global analysis of protein damage by the lipid electrophile 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal. Mol. Cell. Proteomics 8 (2009), 670–680.
    • (2009) Mol. Cell. Proteomics , vol.8 , pp. 670-680
    • Codreanu, S.G.1
  • 23
    • 84895527434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alkylation damage by lipid electrophiles targets functional protein systems
    • Codreanu, S.G., et al. Alkylation damage by lipid electrophiles targets functional protein systems. Mol. Cell. Proteomics 11 (2014), 849–859.
    • (2014) Mol. Cell. Proteomics , vol.11 , pp. 849-859
    • Codreanu, S.G.1
  • 24
    • 84882938805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeted protein capture for analysis of electrophile-protein adducts
    • I.R. Phillips E.A. Shephard P.R. Ortiz de Montellano Springer Protocols New York
    • Connor, R.E., et al. Targeted protein capture for analysis of electrophile-protein adducts. Phillips, I.R., Shephard, E.A., Ortiz de Montellano, P.R., (eds.) Cytochrome P450 Protocols, 2013, Springer Protocols, New York, 163–176.
    • (2013) Cytochrome P450 Protocols , pp. 163-176
    • Connor, R.E.1
  • 25
    • 0020015086 scopus 로고
    • Toxicity and metabolism of the neurotoxic hexacarbons n-hexane 2-hexanone, and 2,5-hexanedione
    • Couri, D., Milks, M., Toxicity and metabolism of the neurotoxic hexacarbons n-hexane 2-hexanone, and 2,5-hexanedione. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 22 (1982), 145–166.
    • (1982) Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. , vol.22 , pp. 145-166
    • Couri, D.1    Milks, M.2
  • 26
    • 84905097808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Respiratory symptoms and lung function abnormalities related to work at a flavouring manufacturing facility
    • Cummings, K.J., et al. Respiratory symptoms and lung function abnormalities related to work at a flavouring manufacturing facility. Occup. Environ. Med. 71 (2014), 549–554.
    • (2014) Occup. Environ. Med. , vol.71 , pp. 549-554
    • Cummings, K.J.1
  • 27
    • 77049184702 scopus 로고
    • Metabolism of acetoin. I. The formation and utilization of acetoin and butane-2:3-diol in the decerebrated cat
    • Dawson, J., Hullin, R.P., Metabolism of acetoin. I. The formation and utilization of acetoin and butane-2:3-diol in the decerebrated cat. Biochem. J. 57 (1954), 177–180.
    • (1954) Biochem. J. , vol.57 , pp. 177-180
    • Dawson, J.1    Hullin, R.P.2
  • 28
    • 79955651994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification and measurement of diacetyl substitutes in dry bakery mix production
    • Day, G., et al. Identification and measurement of diacetyl substitutes in dry bakery mix production. J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. 8 (2011), 93–103.
    • (2011) J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. , vol.8 , pp. 93-103
    • Day, G.1
  • 29
    • 0026779534 scopus 로고
    • Limited and selective adduction of carboxyl-terminal lysines in the high molecular weight neurofilament proteins by 2,5-hexanedione in vitro
    • DeCaprio, A.P., Fowke, J.H., Limited and selective adduction of carboxyl-terminal lysines in the high molecular weight neurofilament proteins by 2,5-hexanedione in vitro. Brain Res. 586 (1992), 219–228.
    • (1992) Brain Res. , vol.586 , pp. 219-228
    • DeCaprio, A.P.1    Fowke, J.H.2
  • 30
    • 0020384150 scopus 로고
    • Covalent binding of a neurotoxic n-hexane metabolite: conversion of primary amines to substituted pyrrole adducts by 2,5-hexanedione
    • DeCaprio, A.P., et al. Covalent binding of a neurotoxic n-hexane metabolite: conversion of primary amines to substituted pyrrole adducts by 2,5-hexanedione. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 65 (1982), 440–450.
    • (1982) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , vol.65 , pp. 440-450
    • DeCaprio, A.P.1
  • 31
    • 31844449784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytosolic and nuclear protein targets of thiol-reactive electrophiles
    • Dennehy, M.K., et al. Cytosolic and nuclear protein targets of thiol-reactive electrophiles. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 19 (2006), 20–29.
    • (2006) Chem. Res. Toxicol. , vol.19 , pp. 20-29
    • Dennehy, M.K.1
  • 32
    • 0026700463 scopus 로고
    • A contribution to the study of the structure-mutagenicity relationship for α-dicarbonyl compounds using the Ames test
    • Dorado, L., et al. A contribution to the study of the structure-mutagenicity relationship for α-dicarbonyl compounds using the Ames test. Mutat. Res. Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen. 269 (1992), 301–306.
    • (1992) Mutat. Res. Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen. , vol.269 , pp. 301-306
    • Dorado, L.1
  • 33
    • 84984994057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental characterization of a coffee processing workplace with obliterative bronchiolitis in former workers
    • Duling, M.G., et al. Environmental characterization of a coffee processing workplace with obliterative bronchiolitis in former workers. J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. 13 (2016), 770–781.
    • (2016) J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. , vol.13 , pp. 770-781
    • Duling, M.G.1
  • 34
    • 23044502251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure of the tetrameric form of human L-xylulose reductase: probing the inhibitor-binding site with molecular modeling and site-directed mutagenesis
    • El-Kabbani, O., et al. Structure of the tetrameric form of human L-xylulose reductase: probing the inhibitor-binding site with molecular modeling and site-directed mutagenesis. Proteins 60 (2005), 424–432.
    • (2005) Proteins , vol.60 , pp. 424-432
    • El-Kabbani, O.1
  • 35
    • 77950037964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromene-3-carboxamide derivatives discovered from virtual screening as potent inhibitors of the tumour maker, AKR1B10
    • Endo, S., et al. Chromene-3-carboxamide derivatives discovered from virtual screening as potent inhibitors of the tumour maker, AKR1B10. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 18 (2010), 2485–2490.
    • (2010) Bioorg. Med. Chem. , vol.18 , pp. 2485-2490
    • Endo, S.1
  • 36
    • 77952414106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective inhibition of the tumor marker AKR1B10 by antiinflammatory N-phenylanthranilic acids and glycyrrhetic acid
    • Endo, S., et al. Selective inhibition of the tumor marker AKR1B10 by antiinflammatory N-phenylanthranilic acids and glycyrrhetic acid. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 33 (2010), 886–890.
    • (2010) Biol. Pharm. Bull. , vol.33 , pp. 886-890
    • Endo, S.1
  • 37
    • 84896137836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloning and characterization of four rabbit aldo-keto reductases featuring broad substrate specificity for xenobiotic and endogenous carbonyl compounds: relationship with multiple forms of drug ketone reductases
    • Endo, S., et al. Cloning and characterization of four rabbit aldo-keto reductases featuring broad substrate specificity for xenobiotic and endogenous carbonyl compounds: relationship with multiple forms of drug ketone reductases. Drug Metab. Dispos. 42 (2014), 803–812.
    • (2014) Drug Metab. Dispos. , vol.42 , pp. 803-812
    • Endo, S.1
  • 38
    • 84960343740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR family) member 11 is a novel type of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
    • Endo, S., et al. Human dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR family) member 11 is a novel type of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Biochem. Biophy. Res. Commun. 472 (2016), 231–236.
    • (2016) Biochem. Biophy. Res. Commun. , vol.472 , pp. 231-236
    • Endo, S.1
  • 39
    • 77955902675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of the electrophilic reaction chemistry involved in covalent DNA binding
    • Enoch, S.J., Cronin, M.T., A review of the electrophilic reaction chemistry involved in covalent DNA binding. Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 40 (2010), 728–748.
    • (2010) Crit. Rev. Toxicol. , vol.40 , pp. 728-748
    • Enoch, S.J.1    Cronin, M.T.2
  • 40
    • 68949143008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrophilic reaction chemistry of low molecular weight respiratory sensitizers
    • Enoch, S.J., et al. Electrophilic reaction chemistry of low molecular weight respiratory sensitizers. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 22 (2009), 1447–1453.
    • (2009) Chem. Res. Toxicol. , vol.22 , pp. 1447-1453
    • Enoch, S.J.1
  • 41
    • 84897482624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of frontier molecular orbital calculations in predictive reactive toxicology
    • M. Cronin J.C. Madden Royal Society of Chemistry Cambridge
    • Enoch, S.J., The use of frontier molecular orbital calculations in predictive reactive toxicology. Cronin, M., Madden, J.C., (eds.) Silico Toxicology: Principles and Applications, 2010, Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 193–209.
    • (2010) Silico Toxicology: Principles and Applications , pp. 193-209
    • Enoch, S.J.1
  • 42
    • 33746383065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Popcorn worker's lung: in vitro exposure to diacetyl, an ingredient in microwave popcorn butter flavoring, increases reactivity to methacholine
    • Fedan, J.S., et al. Popcorn worker's lung: in vitro exposure to diacetyl, an ingredient in microwave popcorn butter flavoring, increases reactivity to methacholine. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 215 (2006), 17–22.
    • (2006) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , vol.215 , pp. 17-22
    • Fedan, J.S.1
  • 44
    • 0034640741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conformational and topological analysis of the charge density in guanine-(-dicarbonyl adducts at AM1 level
    • Fidanza, N.G., et al. Conformational and topological analysis of the charge density in guanine-(-dicarbonyl adducts at AM1 level. J. Mol. Struct.: THEOCHEM 504 (2000), 59–67.
    • (2000) J. Mol. Struct.: THEOCHEM , vol.504 , pp. 59-67
    • Fidanza, N.G.1
  • 45
    • 85006710904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathology of diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione airway lesions in a rat model of obliterative bronchiolitis
    • Flake, G.P., Morgan, D.L., Pathology of diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione airway lesions in a rat model of obliterative bronchiolitis. Toxicology, 2016, 10.1016/j.tox.2016.10.013.
    • (2016) Toxicology
    • Flake, G.P.1    Morgan, D.L.2
  • 46
    • 85011705830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proteomic analysis of primary human airway epithelial cells exposed to the respiratory toxicant diacetyl
    • Foster, M.W., et al. Proteomic analysis of primary human airway epithelial cells exposed to the respiratory toxicant diacetyl. J. Proteome Res., 2016, 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00672.
    • (2016) J. Proteome Res.
    • Foster, M.W.1
  • 47
    • 0015130233 scopus 로고
    • Metabolism of acetoin in mammalian liver slices and extracts. Interconversion with butane-2, 3-diol and biacetyl
    • Gabriel, M.A., et al. Metabolism of acetoin in mammalian liver slices and extracts. Interconversion with butane-2, 3-diol and biacetyl. Biochem. J. 124 (1971), 793–800.
    • (1971) Biochem. J. , vol.124 , pp. 793-800
    • Gabriel, M.A.1
  • 49
    • 0029091494 scopus 로고
    • A nuclear protein, synthesized in growth-arrested human hepatoblastoma cells, is a novel member of the short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase family
    • Gabrielli, F., et al. A nuclear protein, synthesized in growth-arrested human hepatoblastoma cells, is a novel member of the short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase family. Eur. J. Biochem. 232 (1995), 473–477.
    • (1995) Eur. J. Biochem. , vol.232 , pp. 473-477
    • Gabrielli, F.1
  • 50
    • 84906748628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stable histone adduction by 4-oxo-2-nonenal: a potential link between oxidative stress and epigenetics
    • Galligan, J.J., et al. Stable histone adduction by 4-oxo-2-nonenal: a potential link between oxidative stress and epigenetics. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 136 (2014), 11864–11866.
    • (2014) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.136 , pp. 11864-11866
    • Galligan, J.J.1
  • 51
    • 85035110637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative analysis and discovery of lysine and arginine modifications (QuARKMod)
    • Galligan, J.J., et al. Quantitative analysis and discovery of lysine and arginine modifications (QuARKMod). Anal. Chem., 2016, 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04105.
    • (2016) Anal. Chem.
    • Galligan, J.J.1
  • 52
    • 0000659605 scopus 로고
    • A nuclear magnetic resonance study of the reversible hydration of aliphatic aldehydes and ketones. I. Oxygen-17 and proton spectra and equilibrium constants
    • Greenzaid, P., et al. A nuclear magnetic resonance study of the reversible hydration of aliphatic aldehydes and ketones. I. Oxygen-17 and proton spectra and equilibrium constants. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 89 (1967), 749–756.
    • (1967) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.89 , pp. 749-756
    • Greenzaid, P.1
  • 53
    • 0014228479 scopus 로고
    • Modification of arginine in the active sites of antibodies
    • Grossberg, A.L., Pressman, D., Modification of arginine in the active sites of antibodies. Biochemistry 7 (1968), 272–279.
    • (1968) Biochemistry , vol.7 , pp. 272-279
    • Grossberg, A.L.1    Pressman, D.2
  • 54
    • 0021956908 scopus 로고
    • Discrimination of multiforms of diacetyl reductase in hamster liver
    • Hara, A., et al. Discrimination of multiforms of diacetyl reductase in hamster liver. Prog. Clin. Biol. Res. 174 (1985), 291–304.
    • (1985) Prog. Clin. Biol. Res. , vol.174 , pp. 291-304
    • Hara, A.1
  • 55
    • 0011090973 scopus 로고
    • The diacetyl reaction for proteins
    • Harden, A., Norris, D., The diacetyl reaction for proteins. J. Physiol. 42 (1911), 332–336.
    • (1911) J. Physiol. , vol.42 , pp. 332-336
    • Harden, A.1    Norris, D.2
  • 56
    • 0036210473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genomic organization of the human gene HEP27: alternative promoter usage in HepG2 cells and monocyte-derived dendritic cells
    • Heinz, S., et al. Genomic organization of the human gene HEP27: alternative promoter usage in HepG2 cells and monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Genomics 79 (2002), 608–615.
    • (2002) Genomics , vol.79 , pp. 608-615
    • Heinz, S.1
  • 57
    • 0026643209 scopus 로고
    • Role of covalent and noncovalent interactions in cell toxicity: effects on proteins
    • Hinson, J.A., Roberts, D.W., Role of covalent and noncovalent interactions in cell toxicity: effects on proteins. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 32 (1992), 471–510.
    • (1992) Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. , vol.32 , pp. 471-510
    • Hinson, J.A.1    Roberts, D.W.2
  • 58
    • 84957433138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Update on flavoring-induced lung disease
    • Holden, V.K., Hines, S.E., Update on flavoring-induced lung disease. Curr. Opin. Pulm. Med. 22 (2016), 158–164.
    • (2016) Curr. Opin. Pulm. Med. , vol.22 , pp. 158-164
    • Holden, V.K.1    Hines, S.E.2
  • 59
    • 37049139102 scopus 로고
    • Nuclear magnetic resonance measurements of equilibria involving hydration and hemiacetal formation from some carbonyl compounds
    • Hooper, D.L., Nuclear magnetic resonance measurements of equilibria involving hydration and hemiacetal formation from some carbonyl compounds. J. Chem. Soc. B, 1967, 169–170.
    • (1967) J. Chem. Soc. B , pp. 169-170
    • Hooper, D.L.1
  • 60
    • 84880977577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (−)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate, a potential inhibitor to human dicarbonyl/L-xylulose reductase
    • Hu, X.-H., et al. (−)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate, a potential inhibitor to human dicarbonyl/L-xylulose reductase. J. Biochem. 154 (2013), 167–175.
    • (2013) J. Biochem. , vol.154 , pp. 167-175
    • Hu, X.-H.1
  • 61
    • 84936849905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthesis of 8-hydroxy-2-iminochromene derivatives as selective and potent inhibitors of human carbonyl reductase 1
    • Hu, D., et al. Synthesis of 8-hydroxy-2-iminochromene derivatives as selective and potent inhibitors of human carbonyl reductase 1. Org. Biomol. Chem. 13 (2015), 7487–7499.
    • (2015) Org. Biomol. Chem. , vol.13 , pp. 7487-7499
    • Hu, D.1
  • 62
    • 42149089277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Respiratory toxicologic pathology of inhaled diacetyl in Sprague-Dawley rats
    • Hubbs, A.F., et al. Respiratory toxicologic pathology of inhaled diacetyl in Sprague-Dawley rats. Toxicol. Pathol. 36 (2008), 330–344.
    • (2008) Toxicol. Pathol. , vol.36 , pp. 330-344
    • Hubbs, A.F.1
  • 63
    • 84865233293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Respiratory and olfactory cytotoxicity of inhaled 2,3-pentanedione in Sprague-Dawley rats
    • Hubbs, A.F., et al. Respiratory and olfactory cytotoxicity of inhaled 2,3-pentanedione in Sprague-Dawley rats. Am. J. Pathol. 181 (2012), 829–844.
    • (2012) Am. J. Pathol. , vol.181 , pp. 829-844
    • Hubbs, A.F.1
  • 64
    • 84994807655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accumulation of ubiquitin and sequestosome-1 implicate protein damage in diacetyl-induced cytotoxicity
    • Hubbs, A.F., et al. Accumulation of ubiquitin and sequestosome-1 implicate protein damage in diacetyl-induced cytotoxicity. Am. J. Pathol. 186 (2016), 2887–2908.
    • (2016) Am. J. Pathol. , vol.186 , pp. 2887-2908
    • Hubbs, A.F.1
  • 65
    • 0003836655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sequence and expression levels in human tissues of a new member of the aldo-keto reductase family
    • Hyndman, D.J., Flynn, T.G., Sequence and expression levels in human tissues of a new member of the aldo-keto reductase family. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Gene Struct. Expression 1399 (1998), 198–202.
    • (1998) Biochim. Biophys. Acta Gene Struct. Expression , vol.1399 , pp. 198-202
    • Hyndman, D.J.1    Flynn, T.G.2
  • 66
    • 0035969832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular cloning, expression and tissue distribution of hamster diacetyl reductase. Identity with L-xylulose reductase
    • Ishikura, S., et al. Molecular cloning, expression and tissue distribution of hamster diacetyl reductase. Identity with L-xylulose reductase. Chem. – Biol. Interact. 130-132 (2001), 879–889.
    • (2001) Chem. – Biol. Interact. , vol.130-132 , pp. 879-889
    • Ishikura, S.1
  • 67
    • 33746337936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Definition of a nucleophilicity scale
    • Jaramillo, P., et al. Definition of a nucleophilicity scale. J. Phys. Chem. A 110 (2006), 8181–8187.
    • (2006) J. Phys. Chem. A , vol.110 , pp. 8181-8187
    • Jaramillo, P.1
  • 68
    • 33847021147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aldo-keto reductases and bioactivation/detoxication
    • Jin, Y., Penning, T.M., Aldo-keto reductases and bioactivation/detoxication. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 47 (2007), 263–292.
    • (2007) Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. , vol.47 , pp. 263-292
    • Jin, Y.1    Penning, T.M.2
  • 69
    • 19944399431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comprehensive listing of bioactivation pathways of organic functional groups
    • Kalgutkar, A.S., et al. A comprehensive listing of bioactivation pathways of organic functional groups. Curr. Drug Metab. 6 (2005), 161–225.
    • (2005) Curr. Drug Metab. , vol.6 , pp. 161-225
    • Kalgutkar, A.S.1
  • 70
    • 0023118576 scopus 로고
    • Desmutagenic effect of α-dicarbonyl and α-hydroxycarbonyl compounds against mutagenic heterocyclic amines
    • Kim, S.B., et al. Desmutagenic effect of α-dicarbonyl and α-hydroxycarbonyl compounds against mutagenic heterocyclic amines. Mutat. Res., Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen. 177 (1987), 9–15.
    • (1987) Mutat. Res., Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen. , vol.177 , pp. 9-15
    • Kim, S.B.1
  • 71
    • 0036682184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical bronchiolitis obliterans in workers at a microwave-popcorn plant
    • Kreiss, K., et al. Clinical bronchiolitis obliterans in workers at a microwave-popcorn plant. N. Engl. J. Med. 347 (2002), 330–338.
    • (2002) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.347 , pp. 330-338
    • Kreiss, K.1
  • 72
    • 85004065411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recognizing occupational effects of diacetyl: what can we learn from this history?
    • Kreiss, K., Recognizing occupational effects of diacetyl: what can we learn from this history?. Toxicology, 2016, 10.1016/j.tox.2016.06.009.
    • (2016) Toxicology
    • Kreiss, K.1
  • 73
    • 33847803860 scopus 로고
    • New caramel compound from coffee
    • Kung, J.-F.T., New caramel compound from coffee. J. Agr. Food Chem. 22 (1974), 494–496.
    • (1974) J. Agr. Food Chem. , vol.22 , pp. 494-496
    • Kung, J.-F.T.1
  • 74
    • 33751429238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synaptic cysteine sulfhydryl groups as targets of electrophilic neurotoxicants
    • LoPachin, R.M., Barber, D.S., Synaptic cysteine sulfhydryl groups as targets of electrophilic neurotoxicants. Toxicol. Sci. 94 (2006), 240–255.
    • (2006) Toxicol. Sci. , vol.94 , pp. 240-255
    • LoPachin, R.M.1    Barber, D.S.2
  • 75
    • 84904663716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular mechanisms of aldehyde toxicity: a chemical perspective
    • LoPachin, R.M., Gavin, T., Molecular mechanisms of aldehyde toxicity: a chemical perspective. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 27 (2014), 1081–1091.
    • (2014) Chem. Res. Toxicol. , vol.27 , pp. 1081-1091
    • LoPachin, R.M.1    Gavin, T.2
  • 76
    • 84929659660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxic neuropathies: mechanistic insights based on a chemical perspective
    • LoPachin, R.M., Gavin, T., Toxic neuropathies: mechanistic insights based on a chemical perspective. Neurosci. Lett. 596 (2015), 78–83.
    • (2015) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.596 , pp. 78-83
    • LoPachin, R.M.1    Gavin, T.2
  • 77
    • 84955459129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reactions of electrophiles with nucleophilic thiolate sites: relevance to pathophysiological mechanisms and remediation
    • LoPachin, R.M., Gavin, T., Reactions of electrophiles with nucleophilic thiolate sites: relevance to pathophysiological mechanisms and remediation. Free Radical Res. 50 (2016), 195–205.
    • (2016) Free Radical Res. , vol.50 , pp. 195-205
    • LoPachin, R.M.1    Gavin, T.2
  • 78
    • 33845606362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure-toxicity analysis of type-2 alkenes: in vitro neurotoxicity
    • LoPachin, R.M., et al. Structure-toxicity analysis of type-2 alkenes: in vitro neurotoxicity. Toxicol. Sci. 95 (2007), 136–146.
    • (2007) Toxicol. Sci. , vol.95 , pp. 136-146
    • LoPachin, R.M.1
  • 79
    • 34547851659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurotoxic mechanisms of electrophilic type-2 alkenes: soft-soft interactions described by quantum mechanical parameters
    • LoPachin, R.M., et al. Neurotoxic mechanisms of electrophilic type-2 alkenes: soft-soft interactions described by quantum mechanical parameters. Toxicol. Sci. 98 (2007), 561–570.
    • (2007) Toxicol. Sci. , vol.98 , pp. 561-570
    • LoPachin, R.M.1
  • 80
    • 84857868182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of the hard and soft, acids and bases (HSAB) theory to toxicant-target interactions
    • LoPachin, R.M., et al. Application of the hard and soft, acids and bases (HSAB) theory to toxicant-target interactions. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 25 (2012), 239–251.
    • (2012) Chem. Res. Toxicol. , vol.25 , pp. 239-251
    • LoPachin, R.M.1
  • 81
    • 26444512720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protein adduct formation as a molecular mechanism in neurotoxicity
    • Lopachin, R.M., Decaprio, A.P., Protein adduct formation as a molecular mechanism in neurotoxicity. Toxicol. Sci. 86 (2005), 214–225.
    • (2005) Toxicol. Sci. , vol.86 , pp. 214-225
    • Lopachin, R.M.1    Decaprio, A.P.2
  • 82
    • 0031978290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • D-Erythrulose reductase can also reduce diacetyl: further purification and characterization of D-erythrulose reductase from chicken liver
    • Maeda, M., et al. D-Erythrulose reductase can also reduce diacetyl: further purification and characterization of D-erythrulose reductase from chicken liver. J. Biochem. 123 (1998), 602–606.
    • (1998) J. Biochem. , vol.123 , pp. 602-606
    • Maeda, M.1
  • 83
    • 0036656188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloning and sequence analysis of D-erythrulose reductase from chicken: its close structural relation to tetrameric carbonyl reductases
    • Maeda, M., et al. Cloning and sequence analysis of D-erythrulose reductase from chicken: its close structural relation to tetrameric carbonyl reductases. Protein Eng. 15 (2002), 611–617.
    • (2002) Protein Eng. , vol.15 , pp. 611-617
    • Maeda, M.1
  • 84
    • 0021963042 scopus 로고
    • Naturally occurring carbonyl compounds are mutagens in Salmonella tester strain TA104
    • Marnett, L.J., et al. Naturally occurring carbonyl compounds are mutagens in Salmonella tester strain TA104. Mutat. Res. Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen. 148 (1985), 25–34.
    • (1985) Mutat. Res. Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen. , vol.148 , pp. 25-34
    • Marnett, L.J.1
  • 85
    • 0014949239 scopus 로고
    • Diacetyl reductase in animal tissues and its intracellular distribution
    • Martin, R., Burgos, J., Diacetyl reductase in animal tissues and its intracellular distribution. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Enzymol. 212 (1970), 356–358.
    • (1970) Biochim. Biophys. Acta Enzymol. , vol.212 , pp. 356-358
    • Martin, R.1    Burgos, J.2
  • 86
    • 78650392397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reaction of the butter flavorant diacetyl (2, 3-butanedione) with N-α-acetylarginine: a model for epitope formation with pulmonary proteins in the etiology of obliterative bronchiolitis
    • Mathews, J.M., et al. Reaction of the butter flavorant diacetyl (2, 3-butanedione) with N-α-acetylarginine: a model for epitope formation with pulmonary proteins in the etiology of obliterative bronchiolitis. J. Agric. Food Chem. 58 (2010), 12761–12768.
    • (2010) J. Agric. Food Chem. , vol.58 , pp. 12761-12768
    • Mathews, J.M.1
  • 87
    • 33645963469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiplicity of mammalian reductases for xenobiotic carbonyl compounds
    • Matsunaga, T., et al. Multiplicity of mammalian reductases for xenobiotic carbonyl compounds. Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet. 21 (2006), 1–18.
    • (2006) Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet. , vol.21 , pp. 1-18
    • Matsunaga, T.1
  • 88
    • 70349107198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potent and selective inhibition of the tumor marker AKR1B10 by bisdemethoxycurcumin: probing the active site of the enzyme with molecular modeling and site-directed mutagenesis
    • Matsunaga, T., et al. Potent and selective inhibition of the tumor marker AKR1B10 by bisdemethoxycurcumin: probing the active site of the enzyme with molecular modeling and site-directed mutagenesis. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 389 (2009), 128–132.
    • (2009) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , vol.389 , pp. 128-132
    • Matsunaga, T.1
  • 89
    • 0028679485 scopus 로고
    • The electronic factor in QSAR MO-parameters, competing interactions, reactivity and toxicity
    • Mekenyan, O.G., Veith, G.D., The electronic factor in QSAR MO-parameters, competing interactions, reactivity and toxicity. SAR QSAR Environ. Res. 2 (1994), 129–143.
    • (1994) SAR QSAR Environ. Res. , vol.2 , pp. 129-143
    • Mekenyan, O.G.1    Veith, G.D.2
  • 90
    • 69849100869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probing protein structure by amino acid-specific covalent labeling and mass spectrometry
    • Mendoza, V.L., Vachet, R.W., Probing protein structure by amino acid-specific covalent labeling and mass spectrometry. Mass Spectrom. Rev. 28 (2009), 785–815.
    • (2009) Mass Spectrom. Rev. , vol.28 , pp. 785-815
    • Mendoza, V.L.1    Vachet, R.W.2
  • 91
    • 70350787143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aldo-keto reductase (AKR) superfamily: genomics and annotation
    • Mindnich, R.D., Penning, T.M., Aldo-keto reductase (AKR) superfamily: genomics and annotation. Hum. Genomics 3 (2009), 362–370.
    • (2009) Hum. Genomics , vol.3 , pp. 362-370
    • Mindnich, R.D.1    Penning, T.M.2
  • 92
    • 0006397864 scopus 로고
    • Spectroscopic evidence of α,α-dihydroxy ketone in biacetyl aqueous solutions
    • Miyata, K., et al. Spectroscopic evidence of α,α-dihydroxy ketone in biacetyl aqueous solutions. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 62 (1989), 367–371.
    • (1989) Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. , vol.62 , pp. 367-371
    • Miyata, K.1
  • 93
    • 0027171974 scopus 로고
    • Metabolism of 2,3-butanediol stereoisomers in the perfused rat liver
    • Montgomery, J.A., et al. Metabolism of 2,3-butanediol stereoisomers in the perfused rat liver. J. Biol. Chem. 268 (1993), 20185–20190.
    • (1993) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.268 , pp. 20185-20190
    • Montgomery, J.A.1
  • 94
    • 84859153505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The butter flavorant, diacetyl, forms a covalent adduct with 2-deoxyguanosine, uncoils DNA, and leads to cell death
    • More, S.S., et al. The butter flavorant, diacetyl, forms a covalent adduct with 2-deoxyguanosine, uncoils DNA, and leads to cell death. J. Agric. Food Chem. 60 (2012), 3311–3317.
    • (2012) J. Agric. Food Chem. , vol.60 , pp. 3311-3317
    • More, S.S.1
  • 95
    • 84867534901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The butter flavorant, diacetyl, exacerbates β-amyloid cytotoxicity
    • More, S.S., et al. The butter flavorant, diacetyl, exacerbates β-amyloid cytotoxicity. Chem. Res.Toxicol. 25 (2012), 2083–2091.
    • (2012) Chem. Res.Toxicol. , vol.25 , pp. 2083-2091
    • More, S.S.1
  • 96
    • 42149093728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Respiratory toxicity of diacetyl in C57BL/6 mice
    • Morgan, D.L., et al. Respiratory toxicity of diacetyl in C57BL/6 mice. Toxicol. Sci. 103 (2008), 169–180.
    • (2008) Toxicol. Sci. , vol.103 , pp. 169-180
    • Morgan, D.L.1
  • 97
    • 84863587642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bronchial and bronchiolar fibrosis in rats exposed to 2,3-pentanedione vapors: implications for bronchiolitis obliterans in humans
    • Morgan, D.L., et al. Bronchial and bronchiolar fibrosis in rats exposed to 2,3-pentanedione vapors: implications for bronchiolitis obliterans in humans. Toxicol. Pathol. 40 (2012), 448–465.
    • (2012) Toxicol. Pathol. , vol.40 , pp. 448-465
    • Morgan, D.L.1
  • 98
    • 84975497006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical reactivity and respiratory toxicity of the α-diketone flavoring agents: 2, 3-butanedione, 2, 3-pentanedione, and 2, 3-hexanedione
    • Morgan, D.L., et al. Chemical reactivity and respiratory toxicity of the α-diketone flavoring agents: 2, 3-butanedione, 2, 3-pentanedione, and 2, 3-hexanedione. Toxicol. Pathol. 44 (2016), 763–783.
    • (2016) Toxicol. Pathol. , vol.44 , pp. 763-783
    • Morgan, D.L.1
  • 99
    • 61349145729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhalation dosimetry of diacetyl and butyric acid: two components of butter flavoring vapors
    • Morris, J.B., Hubbs, A.F., Inhalation dosimetry of diacetyl and butyric acid: two components of butter flavoring vapors. Toxicol. Sci. 108 (2009), 173–183.
    • (2009) Toxicol. Sci. , vol.108 , pp. 173-183
    • Morris, J.B.1    Hubbs, A.F.2
  • 100
    • 85026421255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2016. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2016-111. Criteria for a recommended standard: occupational exposure to diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione. By McKernan LT, Niemeier RT, Kreiss K, Hubbs A, Park R, Dankovic D, Dunn KH, Parker J, Fedan K, Streicher R, Fedan J, Garcia A, Whittaker C, Gilbert S, Nourian F, Galloway E, Smith R, Lentz TJ, Hirst D, Topmiller J, Curwin B. DHHS, CDC.
    • NIOSH. 2016. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2016-111. Criteria for a recommended standard: occupational exposure to diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione. By McKernan LT, Niemeier RT, Kreiss K, Hubbs A, Park R, Dankovic D, Dunn KH, Parker J, Fedan K, Streicher R, Fedan J, Garcia A, Whittaker C, Gilbert S, Nourian F, Galloway E, Smith R, Lentz TJ, Hirst D, Topmiller J, Curwin B. DHHS, CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2016-111/pdfs/2016-111-all.pdf.
    • NIOSH1
  • 101
    • 0037124027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular characterization of mammalian dicarbonyl/L-xylulose reductase and its localization in kidney
    • Nakagawa, J., et al. Molecular characterization of mammalian dicarbonyl/L-xylulose reductase and its localization in kidney. J. Biol. Chem. 277 (2002), 17883–17891.
    • (2002) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.277 , pp. 17883-17891
    • Nakagawa, J.1
  • 102
    • 84873300198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical Information Review Document for Artificial Butter Flavoring and Constituents. Diacetyl [CAS No. 431-03-8] and Acetoin [CAS No. 513-86-0]
    • National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Research Triangle Park
    • National Toxicology Program, Chemical Information Review Document for Artificial Butter Flavoring and Constituents. Diacetyl [CAS No. 431-03-8] and Acetoin [CAS No. 513-86-0]. 2007, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park.
    • (2007)
    • National Toxicology Program1
  • 103
    • 0021385381 scopus 로고
    • Arginine residues in the active centers of muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase
    • Nemerya, N.S., et al. Arginine residues in the active centers of muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase. Biochem. Int. 8 (1984), 369–376.
    • (1984) Biochem. Int. , vol.8 , pp. 369-376
    • Nemerya, N.S.1
  • 104
    • 0030599185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical modification of the essential arginine residues of pyruvate dehydrogenase prevents its phosphorylation by kinase
    • Nemerya, N.S., et al. Chemical modification of the essential arginine residues of pyruvate dehydrogenase prevents its phosphorylation by kinase. FEBS Lett. 394 (1996), 96–98.
    • (1996) FEBS Lett. , vol.394 , pp. 96-98
    • Nemerya, N.S.1
  • 105
    • 0009149869 scopus 로고
    • An ab initio study of the keto-enol tautomerism
    • Noack, W.-E., An ab initio study of the keto-enol tautomerism. Theor. Chim. Acta 53 (1979), 101–119.
    • (1979) Theor. Chim. Acta , vol.53 , pp. 101-119
    • Noack, W.-E.1
  • 106
    • 33846945701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbonyl reductases: the complex relationships of mammalian carbonyl- and quinone-reducing enzymes and their role in physiology
    • Oppermann, U., Carbonyl reductases: the complex relationships of mammalian carbonyl- and quinone-reducing enzymes and their role in physiology. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 47 (2007), 293–322.
    • (2007) Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. , vol.47 , pp. 293-322
    • Oppermann, U.1
  • 107
    • 0030063887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A detoxication route for acetaldehyde: metabolism of diacetyl, acetoin, and 2,3-butanediol in liver homogenate and perfused liver of rats
    • Otsuka, M., et al. A detoxication route for acetaldehyde: metabolism of diacetyl, acetoin, and 2,3-butanediol in liver homogenate and perfused liver of rats. J. Biochem. 119 (1996), 246–251.
    • (1996) J. Biochem. , vol.119 , pp. 246-251
    • Otsuka, M.1
  • 108
    • 79958033756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug bioactivation and protein adduct formation in the pathogenesis of drug-induced toxicity
    • Park, B.K., et al. Drug bioactivation and protein adduct formation in the pathogenesis of drug-induced toxicity. Chem. – Biol. Interact. 192 (2011), 30–36.
    • (2011) Chem. – Biol. Interact. , vol.192 , pp. 30-36
    • Park, B.K.1
  • 109
    • 0347291894 scopus 로고
    • Absolute hardness: companion parameter to absolute electronegativity
    • Parr, R.G., Pearson, R.G., Absolute hardness: companion parameter to absolute electronegativity. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 105 (1983), 7512–7516.
    • (1983) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.105 , pp. 7512-7516
    • Parr, R.G.1    Pearson, R.G.2
  • 110
    • 0040942563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrophilicity index
    • Parr, R.G., et al. Electrophilicity index. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121 (1999), 1922–1924.
    • (1999) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.121 , pp. 1922-1924
    • Parr, R.G.1
  • 111
    • 0010827721 scopus 로고
    • Hard and soft acids and bases, HSAB, part 1: fundamental principles
    • Pearson, R.G., Hard and soft acids and bases, HSAB, part 1: fundamental principles. J. Chem. Educ. 45 (1968), 581–587.
    • (1968) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.45 , pp. 581-587
    • Pearson, R.G.1
  • 112
    • 1842691295 scopus 로고
    • Recent advances in the concept of hard and soft acids and bases
    • Pearson, R.G., Recent advances in the concept of hard and soft acids and bases. J. Chem. Educ., 64, 1987, 561.
    • (1987) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.64 , pp. 561
    • Pearson, R.G.1
  • 113
    • 0005937043 scopus 로고
    • Hard and soft acids and bases – the evolution of a chemical concep
    • Pearson, R.G., Hard and soft acids and bases – the evolution of a chemical concep. Coord. Chem. Rev. 100 (1990), 403–425.
    • (1990) Coord. Chem. Rev. , vol.100 , pp. 403-425
    • Pearson, R.G.1
  • 114
    • 0037066574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A human short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase gene: structure, chromosomal localization, tissue expression and subcellular localization of its product
    • Pellegrini, S., et al. A human short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase gene: structure, chromosomal localization, tissue expression and subcellular localization of its product. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Gene Struct. Expression 1574 (2002), 215–222.
    • (2002) Biochim. Biophys. Acta Gene Struct. Expression , vol.1574 , pp. 215-222
    • Pellegrini, S.1
  • 115
    • 34547692874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human aldo-keto reductases: function, gene regulation, and single nucleotide polymorphisms
    • Penning, T.M., Drury, J.E., Human aldo-keto reductases: function, gene regulation, and single nucleotide polymorphisms. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 464 (2007), 241–250.
    • (2007) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. , vol.464 , pp. 241-250
    • Penning, T.M.1    Drury, J.E.2
  • 116
    • 84928410933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The aldo-keto reductases (AKRs): overview
    • Penning, T.M., The aldo-keto reductases (AKRs): overview. Chem. – Biol. Interact. 234 (2015), 236–246.
    • (2015) Chem. – Biol. Interact. , vol.234 , pp. 236-246
    • Penning, T.M.1
  • 117
    • 84875232324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Classification and nomenclature of the superfamily of short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDRs)
    • Persson, B., Kallberg, Y., Classification and nomenclature of the superfamily of short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDRs). Chem. – Biol. Interact. 202 (2013), 111–115.
    • (2013) Chem. – Biol. Interact. , vol.202 , pp. 111-115
    • Persson, B.1    Kallberg, Y.2
  • 118
    • 59049100782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The SDR (short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase and related enzymes) nomenclature initiative
    • Persson, B., et al. The SDR (short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase and related enzymes) nomenclature initiative. Chem. – Biol. Interact. 178 (2009), 94–98.
    • (2009) Chem. – Biol. Interact. , vol.178 , pp. 94-98
    • Persson, B.1
  • 119
    • 2442704131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • All in the family: aldose reductase and closely related aldo-keto reductases
    • Petrash, J.M., All in the family: aldose reductase and closely related aldo-keto reductases. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 61 (2004), 737–749.
    • (2004) Cell. Mol. Life Sci. , vol.61 , pp. 737-749
    • Petrash, J.M.1
  • 120
    • 84899496400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione exposures associated with cigarette smoking: implications for risk assessment of food and flavoring workers
    • Pierce, J.S., et al. Diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione exposures associated with cigarette smoking: implications for risk assessment of food and flavoring workers. Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 44 (2014), 420–435.
    • (2014) Crit. Rev. Toxicol. , vol.44 , pp. 420-435
    • Pierce, J.S.1
  • 121
    • 0022482641 scopus 로고
    • Enzymatic reduction of phenylglyoxal and 2,3-butanedione two commonly used arginine-modifying reagents, by the ketoacyl reductase domain of fatty acid synthase
    • Poulose, A.J., Kolattukudy, P.E., Enzymatic reduction of phenylglyoxal and 2,3-butanedione two commonly used arginine-modifying reagents, by the ketoacyl reductase domain of fatty acid synthase. Int. J. Biochem. 18 (1986), 807–812.
    • (1986) Int. J. Biochem. , vol.18 , pp. 807-812
    • Poulose, A.J.1    Kolattukudy, P.E.2
  • 122
    • 0021313963 scopus 로고
    • Further purification and characterization of diacetyl reducing enzymes from beef liver
    • Provecho, F., et al. Further purification and characterization of diacetyl reducing enzymes from beef liver. Int. J. Biochem. 16 (1984), 423–427.
    • (1984) Int. J. Biochem. , vol.16 , pp. 423-427
    • Provecho, F.1
  • 123
    • 0030927213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protein targets of xenobiotic reactive intermediates
    • Pumford, N.R., Halmes, N.C., Protein targets of xenobiotic reactive intermediates. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 37 (1997), 91–117.
    • (1997) Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. , vol.37 , pp. 91-117
    • Pumford, N.R.1    Halmes, N.C.2
  • 124
    • 0015909395 scopus 로고
    • Functional arginyl residues in carboxypeptidase A: modification with butanedione
    • Riordan, J.F., Functional arginyl residues in carboxypeptidase A: modification with butanedione. Biochemistry 12 (1973), 3915–3923.
    • (1973) Biochemistry , vol.12 , pp. 3915-3923
    • Riordan, J.F.1
  • 125
    • 0032768068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure-activity relationships in the murine local lymph node assay for skin sensitization: α,β-diketones
    • Roberts, D.W., et al. Structure-activity relationships in the murine local lymph node assay for skin sensitization: α,β-diketones. Contact Dermatitis 41 (1999), 14–17.
    • (1999) Contact Dermatitis , vol.41 , pp. 14-17
    • Roberts, D.W.1
  • 126
    • 33749004016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanistic applicability domains for non-animal based prediction of toxicological endpoints: QSAR analysis of the Schiff base applicability domain for skin sensitization
    • Roberts, D.W., et al. Mechanistic applicability domains for non-animal based prediction of toxicological endpoints: QSAR analysis of the Schiff base applicability domain for skin sensitization. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 19 (2006), 1228–1233.
    • (2006) Chem. Res. Toxicol. , vol.19 , pp. 1228-1233
    • Roberts, D.W.1
  • 127
    • 0028044866 scopus 로고
    • Correlations between chemical reactivity and mutagenic activity against S. typhimurium TA100 for α-dicarbonyl compounds as a proof of the mutagenic mechanism
    • Rodríguez Mellado, J.M., Ruiz Montoya, M., Correlations between chemical reactivity and mutagenic activity against S. typhimurium TA100 for α-dicarbonyl compounds as a proof of the mutagenic mechanism. Mutat. Res. Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen. 304 (1994), 261–264.
    • (1994) Mutat. Res. Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen. , vol.304 , pp. 261-264
    • Rodríguez Mellado, J.M.1    Ruiz Montoya, M.2
  • 128
    • 0017364366 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for an essential role for arginyl residues for yeast phosphoglycerate kinase
    • Rogers, K., Weber, B.H., Evidence for an essential role for arginyl residues for yeast phosphoglycerate kinase. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 180 (1977), 19–25.
    • (1977) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. , vol.180 , pp. 19-25
    • Rogers, K.1    Weber, B.H.2
  • 129
    • 0020481207 scopus 로고
    • Diacetyl: a new substrate in the overall reaction of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
    • Sümegi, B., et al. Diacetyl: a new substrate in the overall reaction of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 705 (1982), 70–75.
    • (1982) Biochim. Biophys. Acta , vol.705 , pp. 70-75
    • Sümegi, B.1
  • 130
    • 33745779635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-enzymatic model glycation reactions – a comprehensive study of the reactivity of a modified arginine with aldehydic and diketonic dicarbonyl compounds by electrospray mass spectrometry
    • Saraiva, M.A., et al. Non-enzymatic model glycation reactions – a comprehensive study of the reactivity of a modified arginine with aldehydic and diketonic dicarbonyl compounds by electrospray mass spectrometry. J. Mass Spectrom. 41 (2006), 755–770.
    • (2006) J. Mass Spectrom. , vol.41 , pp. 755-770
    • Saraiva, M.A.1
  • 131
    • 32944459826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reactions of a modified lysine with aldehydic and diketonic dicarbonyl compounds: an electrospray mass spectrometry structure/activity study
    • Saraiva, M.A., et al. Reactions of a modified lysine with aldehydic and diketonic dicarbonyl compounds: an electrospray mass spectrometry structure/activity study. J. Mass Spectrom. 41 (2006), 216–228.
    • (2006) J. Mass Spectrom. , vol.41 , pp. 216-228
    • Saraiva, M.A.1
  • 132
    • 84958225528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mass spectrometric studies of the reaction of a blocked arginine with diketonic α-dicarbonyls
    • Saraiva, M.A., et al. Mass spectrometric studies of the reaction of a blocked arginine with diketonic α-dicarbonyls. Amino Acids 48 (2016), 873–885.
    • (2016) Amino Acids , vol.48 , pp. 873-885
    • Saraiva, M.A.1
  • 133
    • 0022369685 scopus 로고
    • Kinetic and structural properties of diacetyl reductase from hamster liver
    • Sawada, H., et al. Kinetic and structural properties of diacetyl reductase from hamster liver. J. Biochem. 98 (1985), 1349–1357.
    • (1985) J. Biochem. , vol.98 , pp. 1349-1357
    • Sawada, H.1
  • 134
    • 84873754289 scopus 로고
    • Über die Enolgehalte einfacher ketone
    • Schwarzenbach, G., Wittwer, C., Über die Enolgehalte einfacher ketone. Helv. Chim. Acta 30 (1947), 669–674.
    • (1947) Helv. Chim. Acta , vol.30 , pp. 669-674
    • Schwarzenbach, G.1    Wittwer, C.2
  • 135
    • 33745313880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hep27, a member of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family, is an NADPH-dependent dicarbonyl reductase expressed in vascular endothelial tissue
    • Shafqat, N., et al. Hep27, a member of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family, is an NADPH-dependent dicarbonyl reductase expressed in vascular endothelial tissue. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 63 (2006), 1205–1213.
    • (2006) Cell. Mol. Life Sci. , vol.63 , pp. 1205-1213
    • Shafqat, N.1
  • 136
    • 0030766756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding a bovine butanediol dehydrogenase
    • Smania, A.M., Argaraña, C.E., Molecular cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding a bovine butanediol dehydrogenase. Gene 197 (1997), 231–238.
    • (1997) Gene , vol.197 , pp. 231-238
    • Smania, A.M.1    Argaraña, C.E.2
  • 137
    • 0016367419 scopus 로고
    • Studies on D-tetrose metabolism. IV. Purification and some properties of D-erythrulose reductase from beef liver
    • Uehara, K., et al. Studies on D-tetrose metabolism. IV. Purification and some properties of D-erythrulose reductase from beef liver. J. Biochem. 75 (1974), 333–345.
    • (1974) J. Biochem. , vol.75 , pp. 333-345
    • Uehara, K.1
  • 138
    • 12244302660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bioactivation
    • M.B. Fisher J.S. Lee R.S. Obach Cytochrome P450 and Other Enzymes in Drug Discovery and Development Marcel DekkerNew York
    • Uetrecht, J., Bioactivation. Fisher, M.B., Lee, J.S., Obach, R.S., (eds.) Drug Metabolizing Enzymes, 2003, Cytochrome P450 and Other Enzymes in Drug Discovery and Development, Marcel DekkerNew York, 87–146.
    • (2003) Drug Metabolizing Enzymes , pp. 87-146
    • Uetrecht, J.1
  • 139
    • 33845409838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of which reactive metabolite, if any, is responsible for a specific idiosyncratic reaction
    • Uetrecht, J., Evaluation of which reactive metabolite, if any, is responsible for a specific idiosyncratic reaction. Drug Metab. Rev. 38 (2006), 745–753.
    • (2006) Drug Metab. Rev. , vol.38 , pp. 745-753
    • Uetrecht, J.1
  • 140
    • 0014450232 scopus 로고
    • Chemical approaches to the properties of active sites of enzymes
    • Vallee, B.L., Riordan, J.F., Chemical approaches to the properties of active sites of enzymes. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 38 (1969), 733–794.
    • (1969) Annu. Rev. Biochem. , vol.38 , pp. 733-794
    • Vallee, B.L.1    Riordan, J.F.2
  • 141
    • 41649118986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of protein targets of 4-hydroxynonenal using click chemistry for ex vivo biotinylation of azido and alkynyl derivatives
    • Vila, A., et al. Identification of protein targets of 4-hydroxynonenal using click chemistry for ex vivo biotinylation of azido and alkynyl derivatives. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 21 (2008), 432–444.
    • (2008) Chem. Res. Toxicol. , vol.21 , pp. 432-444
    • Vila, A.1
  • 142
    • 0345284816 scopus 로고
    • Observations on the metabolism of acetoin
    • Westerfield, W.W., Berg, R.L., Observations on the metabolism of acetoin. J. Biol. Chem. 148 (1943), 523–528.
    • (1943) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.148 , pp. 523-528
    • Westerfield, W.W.1    Berg, R.L.2
  • 143
    • 0027194321 scopus 로고
    • Chemical modification of GSH transferase P 1-1 confirms the presence of Arg-13, Lys-44 and one carboxylate group in the GSH-binding domain of the active site
    • Xia, C., et al. Chemical modification of GSH transferase P 1-1 confirms the presence of Arg-13, Lys-44 and one carboxylate group in the GSH-binding domain of the active site. Biochem. J. 293 (1993), 357–362.
    • (1993) Biochem. J. , vol.293 , pp. 357-362
    • Xia, C.1
  • 144
    • 84911229191 scopus 로고
    • A reagent for the modification of arginine residues under mild conditions
    • Yankeelov, J.A. Jr., et al. A reagent for the modification of arginine residues under mild conditions. Fed. Proc. Fed. Amer. Soc. Exp. Biol., 25, 1966, 590.
    • (1966) Fed. Proc. Fed. Amer. Soc. Exp. Biol. , vol.25 , pp. 590
    • Yankeelov, J.A.1
  • 145
    • 0021112015 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for an active site arginine in UDP-glucuronyltransferase
    • Zakim, D., et al. Evidence for an active site arginine in UDP-glucuronyltransferase. J. Biol. Chem. 258 (1983), 6430–6434.
    • (1983) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.258 , pp. 6430-6434
    • Zakim, D.1
  • 146
    • 84969792601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling of toxicity-relevant electrophilic reactivity for guanine with epoxides: estimating the hard and soft acids and bases (HSAB) parameter as a predictor
    • Zhang, J., et al. Modeling of toxicity-relevant electrophilic reactivity for guanine with epoxides: estimating the hard and soft acids and bases (HSAB) parameter as a predictor. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 29 (2016), 841–850.
    • (2016) Chem. Res. Toxicol. , vol.29 , pp. 841-850
    • Zhang, J.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.