Sleep Health: Reciprocal Regulation of Sleep and Innate Immunity

Neuropsychopharmacology

Volumn 42, Issue 1, 2017, Pages 129-155

  Irwin, Michael R ^a   Opp, Mark R ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

TRANSCRIPTOME;

ADRENERGIC SYSTEM; BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER; CELL AGING; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; CIRCADIAN RHYTHM; DEPRESSION; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM; FOLLOW UP; GENE EXPRESSION; HUMAN; HYPOTHALAMUS HYPOPHYSIS ADRENAL SYSTEM; IMMUNOREGULATION; INFLAMMATION; INFLAMMATORY DISEASE; INNATE IMMUNITY; INSOMNIA; MONOCYTE; NIGHT SLEEP; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SLEEP; SLEEP DEPRIVATION; SLEEP DISORDER; SLEEP TIME; ANIMAL; IMMUNOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY;

ANIMALS; HUMANS; IMMUNITY, INNATE; INFLAMMATION; SLEEP; SLEEP WAKE DISORDERS;

EID: 84986630284     PISSN: 0893133X     EISSN: 1740634X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/npp.2016.148     Document Type: Review

References (247)

1. Abedelmalek S, Chtourou H, Aloui A, Aouichaoui C, Souissi N, Tabka Z (2013). Effect of time of day and partial sleep deprivation on plasma concentrations of il-6during a short-term maximal performance. Eur J Appl Physiol 113: 241-248.
2. Adler DA, Ammanuel S, Lei J, Dada T, Borbiev T, Johnston MV, et al. (2014). Circadian cycle-dependent EEG biomarkers of pathogenicity in adultmice following prenatal exposure to in utero inflammation. Neuroscience 275:305-313.
3. Afshar R, Emany A, Saremi A, Shavandi N, Sanavi S (2011). Effects of intradialyticaerobic training on sleep quality in hemodialysis patients. Iran J Kidney Dis 5:119-123.
4. Alam MN, McGinty D, Bashir T, Kumar S, Imeri L, Opp MR, et al. (2004). Interleukin-1beta modulates state-dependent discharge activity of preoptic area and basalforebrain neurons: Role in sleep regulation. Eur J Neurosci 20: 207-216.
5. American Psychiatric AssociationDSM-5 Task Force (2013). Diagnostic andStatistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-5. American Psychiatric Association:Washington, D. C.
6. Ancoli-Israel S, Cole R, Alessi C, Chambers M, Moorcroft W, Pollak CP (2003). Therole of actigraphy in the study of sleep and circadian rhythms. Sleep 26: 342-392.
7. Andersen SR, Wurtzen H, Steding-Jessen M, Christensen J, Andersen KK, Flyger Het al (2013). Effect of mindfulness-based stress reduction on sleep quality: resultsof a randomized trial among danish breast cancer patients. Acta Oncol 52:336-344.
8. Andreakos E, Foxwell B, Feldmann M (2004). Is targeting toll-like receptors and theirsignaling pathway a useful therapeutic approach to modulating cytokine-driveninflammation Immunol Rev 202: 250-265.
9. Antoni MH, Lutgendorf SK, Blomberg B, Carver CS, Lechner S, Diaz A, et al. (2012). Cognitive-behavioral stress management reverses anxiety-related leukocytetranscriptional dynamics. Biol Psychiatry 71: 366-372.
10. Avitsur R, Padgett DA, Dhabhar FS, Stark JL, Kramer KA, Engler H, et al. (2003). Expression of glucocorticoid resistance following social stress requires asecond signal. J Leukoc Biol 74: 507-513.
11. Baglioni C, Battagliese G, Feige B, Spiegelhalder K, Nissen C, Voderholzer U, et al. (2011). Insomnia as a predictor of depression: a meta-analytic evaluation oflongitudinal epidemiological studies. J Affect Dis 135: 10-19.
12. Baker FC, Shah S, Stewart D, Angara C, Gong H, Szymusiak R, et al. (2005). Interleukin 1beta enhances non-rapid eye movement sleep and increases c-fosprotein expression in the median preoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus. Am JPhysiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 288: R998-R1005.
13. Banks WA (2015). The blood-brain barrier in neuroimmunology: tales of separationand assimilation. Brain Behav Immun 44: 1-8.
14. Banks WA, Ortiz L, Plotkin SR, Kastin AJ (1991). Human interleukin (il) 1 alpha,murine il-1 alpha and murine il-1 beta are transported from blood to brain in themouse by a shared saturable mechanism. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 259: 988-996.
15. Baracchi F, Ingiosi AM, Raymond RM Jr, Opp MR (2011). Sepsis-induced alterationsin sleep of rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 301: R1467-R1478.
16. Baracchi F, Opp MR (2008). Sleep-wake behavior and responses to sleepdeprivation of mice lacking both interleukin-1 beta receptor 1 and tumor necrosisfactor-alpha receptor 1. Brain Behav Immun 22: 982-993.
17. Berkenbosch F, deGoij DEC, DelRey A, Besedovsky HO (1989). Neuroendocrine,sympathetic and metabolic responses induced by interleukin-1. Neuroendocrinol50: 570-576.
18. Besedovsky L, Lange T, Born J (2012). Sleep and immune function. Pflugers Arch463: 121-137.
19. Bierwolf C, Struve K, Marshall L, Born J, Fehm HL (1997). Slow wave sleepdrives inhibition of pituitary-adrenal secretion in humans. J Neuroendocrinol 9:479-484.
20. Bjurström MF, Olmstead R, Irwin MR (2016). Reciprocal relationship between sleepmacrostructure and evening-and morning cellular inflammation in rheumatoidarthritis. Psychosom Med (e-pub ahead of print).
21. Black DS, O'Reilly GA, Olmstead R, Breen EC, Irwin MR (2015). Mindfulnessmeditation and improvement in sleep quality and daytime impairment amongolder adults with sleep disturbances: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med175: 494-501.
22. Blackburn EH (2000). Telomere states and cell fates. Nature 408: 53-56.
23. Bluthe RM, Michaud B, Kelley KW, Dantzer R (1996). Vagotomy attenuatesbehavioural effects of interleukin-1 injected peripherally but not centrally. Neuroreport 7: 1485-1488.
24. Bluthe RM, Walter V, Parnet P, Laye S, Lestage J, Verrier D, et al. (1994). Lipopolysaccharide induces sickness behaviour in rats by a vagal mediatedmechanism. C R Acad Sci III 317: 499-503.
25. Bonnet MH, Arand DL (1997). Hyperarousal and insomnia. Sleep Med Rev 1:97-108.
26. Bonnet MH, Arand DL (2010). Hyperarousal and insomnia: state of the science. Sleep Med Rev 14: 9-15.
27. Borbely AA, Achermann P (1999). Sleep homeostasis and models of sleepregulation. J Biol Rhythms 14: 557-568.
28. Born J, Lange T, Hansen K, Molle M, Fehm HL (1997). Effects of sleep and circadianrhythm on human circulating immune cells. J Immunol 158: 4454-4464.
29. Boudreau P, Yeh WH, Dumont GA, Boivin DB (2013). Circadian variation of heartrate variability across sleep stages. Sleep 36: 1919-1928.
30. Bower JE, Irwin MR (2016). Mind-body therapies and control of inflammatorybiology: a descriptive review. Brain Behav Immun 51: 1-11.
31. Brambilla D, Barajon I, Bianchi S, Opp MR, Imeri L (2010). Interleukin-1 inhibitsputative cholinergic neurons in vitro and rem sleep when microinjected into the ratlaterodorsal tegmental nucleus. Sleep 33: 919-929.
32. Brambilla D, Franciosi S, Opp MR, Imeri L (2007). Interleukin-1 inhibits firing ofserotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus and enhances gabaergicinhibitory post-synaptic potentials. Eur J Neurosci 26: 1862-1869.
33. Breen EC, Rezai AR, Nakajima K, Beall GN, Mitsuyasu RT, Hirano T, et al. (1990). Infection with hiv is associated with elevated il-6 levels and production. J Immunol144: 480-484.
34. Britton WB, Haynes PL, Fridel KW, Bootzin RR (2012). Mindfulness-based cognitivetherapy improves polysomnographic and subjective sleep profiles in antidepressantusers with sleep complaints. Psychother Psychosom 81: 296-304.
35. Brown KW, Ryan RM (2003). The benefits of being present: mindfulness and its rolein psychological well-being. J Pers Soc Psychol 84: 822-848.
36. Buysse DJ (2014). Sleep health: can we define it Does it matter Sleep 37:9-17.
37. Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF 3rd, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ (1989). Thepittsburgh sleep quality index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice andresearch. Psychiatry Res 28: 193-213.
38. Campisi J, d'Adda di Fagagna F (2007). Cellular senescence: when bad thingshappen to good cells. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 8: 729-740.
39. Carroll JE, Carrillo C, Olmstead R, Witarama T, Breen EC, Yokomizo M, et al. (2015). Sleep deprivation and divergent toll-like receptor-4 activation of cellularinflammation in aging. Sleep 38: 205-211.
40. Carroll JE, Cole SW, Seeman TE, Breen EC, Witarama T, Arevalo JM, et al. (2016). Partial sleep deprivation activates the DNA damage response (ddr) and thesenescence-associated secretory phenotype (sasp) in aged adult humans. BrainBehav Immun 51: 223-229.
41. Carroll JE, Esquivel S, Goldberg A, Seeman TE, Effros RB, Dock J, et al. (2016). Insomnia and telomere length in older adults. Sleep 39: 559-564.
42. Carroll JE, Irwin MR, Stein Merkin S, Seeman TE (2015). Sleep and multisystembiological risk: a population-based study. PLoS One 10: e0118467.
43. Carroll JE, Seeman TE, Olmstead R, Melendez G, Sadakane R, Bootzin R, et al. (2015). Improved sleep quality in older adults with insomnia reduces biomarkersof disease risk: pilot results from a randomized controlled comparativeefficacy trial. Psychoneuroendocrinol 55: 184-192.
44. Castanon-Cervantes O, Wu M, Ehlen JC, Paul K, Gamble KL, Johnson RL, et al. (2010). Dysregulation of inflammatory responses by chronic circadian disruption. J Immunol 185: 5796-5805.
45. Chennaoui M, Sauvet F, Drogou C, Van Beers P, Langrume C, Guillard M, et al. (2011). Effect of one night of sleep loss on changes in tumor necrosis factor alpha(tnf-) levels in healthy men. Cytokine 56: 318-324.
46. Cho HJ, Eisenberger NI, Olmstead R, Breen EC, Irwin MR (2016). Preexisting mildsleep disturbance as a vulnerability factor for inflammation-induced depressedmood: a human experimental study. Transl Psychiatry 6: e750.
47. Cho HJ, Lavretsky H, Olmstead R, Levin MJ, Oxman MN, Irwin MR (2008). Sleepdisturbance and depression recurrence in community-dwelling older adults: aprospective study. Am J Psychiatry 165: 1543-1550.
48. Cho HJ, Seeman TE, Kiefe CI, Lauderdale DS, Irwin MR (2015). Sleep disturbanceand longitudinal risk of inflammation: moderating influences of social integrationand social isolation in the coronary artery risk development in young adults(cardia) study. Brain Behav Immun 46: 319-326.
49. Christian LM, Glaser R, Porter K, Malarkey WB, Beversdorf D, Kiecolt-Glaser JK(2011). Poorer self-rated health is associated with elevated inflammatory markersamong older adults. Psychoneuroendocrin 36: 1495-1504.
50. Cole JC, Motivala SJ, Buysse DJ, Oxman MN, Levin MJ, Irwin MR (2006). Validationof a 3-factor scoring model for the pittsburgh sleep quality index in older adults. Sleep 29: 112-116.
51. Cole SW (2010). Elevating the perspective on human stress genomics. Psychoneuroendocrin35: 955-962.
52. Cole SW, Korin YD, Fahey JL, Zack JA (1998). Norepinephrine accelerateshiv replication via protein kinase a-dependent effects on cytokine production. J Immunol 161: 610-616.
53. Collado-Hidalgo A, Sung C, Cole S (2006). Adrenergic inhibition of innate anti-viralresponse: Pka blockade of type i interferon gene transcription mediatescatecholamine support for hiv-1 replication. Brain Behav Immun 20: 552-563.
54. Coppe JP, Desprez PY, Krtolica A, Campisi J (2010a). The senescence-associatedsecretory phenotype: the dark side of tumor suppression. Annu Rev Pathol 5:99-118.
55. Coppe JP, Patil CK, Rodier F, Krtolica A, Beausejour CM, Parrinello S, et al. (2010b). A human-like senescence-associated secretory phenotype is conserved in mousecells dependent on physiological oxygen. PLoS One 5: e9188.
56. Cribbet MR, Carlisle M, Cawthon RM, Uchino BN, Williams PG, Smith TW, et al. (2014). Cellular aging and restorative processes: subjective sleep quality andduration moderate the association between age and telomere length in a sampleof middle-aged and older adults. Sleep 37: 65-70.
57. Dantzer R (2012). Depression and inflammation: an intricate relationship. BiolPsychiatry 71: 4-5.
58. Dantzer R, O'Connor JC, Freund GG, Johnson RW, Kelley KW (2008). Frominflammation to sickness and depression: when the immune system subjugatesthe brain. Nat Rev Neurosci. 9: 46-56.
59. de Kloet ER, Oitzl MS, Schobitz B (1994). Cytokines and the grain corticosteroidreceptor balance: relevance to pathopysiology of neuroendocrine-immunecommunication. Psychoneuroendocrin 19: 121-134.
60. De Zambotti M, Covassin N, De Min Tona G, Sarlo M, Stegagno L (2011). Sleep onset and cardiovascular activity in primary insomnia. J Sleep Res 20:318-325.
61. Dew MA, Hoch CC, Buysse DJ, Monk TH, Begely AE, Houck PR, et al. (2003). Healthy older adults' sleep predicts all-cause mortality at 4 to 19 years offollow-up. Psychosom Med 65: 63-73.
62. Dew MA, Reynolds CF 3rd, Buysse DJ, Houck PR, Hoch CC, Monk TH, et al. (1996). Electroencephalographic sleep profiles during depression. effects of episodeduration and other clinical and psychosocial factors in older adults. Arch GenPsychiatry 53: 148-156.
63. Dimitrov S, Besedovsky L, Born J, Lange T (2015). Differential acute effects of sleepon spontaneous and stimulated production of tumor necrosis factor in men. BrainBehav Immun 47: 201-210.
64. Dimitrov S, Lange T, Benedict C, Nowell MA, Jones SA, Scheller J, et al. (2006). Sleepenhances il-6 trans-signaling in humans. FASEB J 20: 2174-2176.
65. Dinarello CA (2009). Immunological and inflammatory functions of the interleukin-1 family. Annu Rev Immunol 27: 519-550.
66. Drake CL, Roehrs TA, Royer H, Koshorek G, Turner RB, Roth T (2000). Effects of anexperimentally induced rhinovirus cold on sleep, performance, and daytimealertness. Physiol Behav 71: 75-81.
67. Dryman A, Eaton WW (1991). Affective symptoms associated with the onset ofmajor depression in the community: findings from the us national institute ofmental health epidemiologic catchment area program. Acta Psychiatr Scand 84:1-5.
68. Eisenberger NI, Berkman ET, Inagaki TK, Rameson LT, Mashal NM, Irwin MR(2010a). Inflammation-induced anhedonia: endotoxin reduces ventral striatumresponses to reward. Biol Psychiatry 68: 748-754.
69. Eisenberger NI, Inagaki TK, Mashal NM, Irwin MR (2010b). Inflammation and socialexperience: an inflammatory challenge induces feelings of social disconnection inaddition to depressed mood. Brain Behav Immun 24: 558-563.
70. Eisenberger NI, Inagaki TK, Rameson LT, Mashal NM, Irwin MR (2009). An fmri studyof cytokine-induced depressed mood and social pain: the role of sex differences. Neuroimage 47: 881-890.
71. Esposito K, Pontillo A, Di Palo C, Giugliano G, Masella M, Marfella R, et al. (2003). Effect of weight loss and lifestyle changes on vascular inflammatory markers inobese women: a randomized trial. JAMA 289: 1799-1804.
72. Fang J, Sanborn CK, Renegar KB, Majde JA, Krueger JM (1995). Influenza viralinfections enhance sleep in mice. Proc Soc Exper Biol Med 210: 242-252.
73. Fang J, Wang Y, Krueger JM (1997). Mice lacking the tnf 55 kda receptor fail to sleepmore after tnfalpha treatment. J Neurosci 17: 5949-5955.
74. Fang J, Wang Y, Krueger JM (1998). Effects of interleukin-1 beta on sleep aremediated by the type i receptor. Am J Physiol 274: R655-R660.
75. Faraut B, Boudjeltia KZ, Dyzma M, Rousseau A, David E, Stenuit P, et al. (2011). Benefits of napping and an extended duration of recovery sleep on alertness andimmune cells after acute sleep restriction. Brain Behav Immun 25: 16-24.
76. Festa A, D'Agostino R Jr, Howard G, Mykkanen L, Tracy RP, Haffner SM (2000). Chronic subclinical inflammation as part of the insulin resistance syndrome: Theinsulin resistance atherosclerosis study (iras). Circulation 102: 42-47.
77. Ford DE, Kamerow DB (1989). Epidemiologic study of sleep disturbances andpsychiatric disorders. An opportunity for prevention JAMA 262: 1479-1484.
78. Ford ES (2002). Does exercise reduce inflammation Physical activity and c-reactiveprotein among U. S. Adults. Epidemiology 13: 561-568.
79. Franceschi C, Campisi J (2014). Chronic inflammation (inflammaging) and itspotential contribution to age-associated diseases. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci69(Suppl 1): S4-S9.
80. Franklin CM (1999). Clinical experience with soluble tnf p75 receptor in rheumatoidarthritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum 29: 172-181.
81. Franzen PL, Buysse DJ, Rabinovitz M, Pollock BG, Lotrich FE (2010). Poor sleepquality predicts onset of either major depression or subsyndromal depression withirritability during interferon-alpha treatment. Psychiatry Res 177: 240-245.
82. Fredrickson BL, Grewen KM, Coffey KA, Algoe SB, Firestine AM, Arevalo JM, et al. (2013). A functional genomic perspective on human well-being. Proc Natl AcadSci USA 110: 13684-13689.
83. Freund A, Orjalo AV, Desprez PY, Campisi J (2010). Inflammatory networksduring cellular senescence: causes and consequences. Trends Mol Med 16:238-246.
84. Frey DJ, Fleshner M, Wright KP Jr (2007). The effects of 40 h of total sleepdeprivation on inflammatory markers in healthy young adults. Brain Behav Immun21: 1050-1057.
85. Friedman EM, Hayney MS, Love GD, Urry HL, Rosenkranz MA, Davidson RJ, et al. (2005). Social relationships, sleep quality, and interleukin-6 in aging women. ProcNatl Acad Sci USA 102: 18757-18762.
86. Gao B, Wang H, Lafdil F, Feng D (2012). Stat proteins-key regulators of anti-viralresponses, inflammation, and tumorigenesis in the liver. J Hepatol 57:430-441.
87. Gemma C, Imeri L, de Simoni MG, Mancia M (1997). Interleukin-1 induces changesin sleep, brain temperature, and serotonergic metabolism. Am J Physiol 272:R601-R606.
88. Gimeno D, Kivimaki M, Brunner EJ, Elovainio M, De Vogli R, Steptoe A, et al. (2009). Associations of c-reactive protein and interleukin-6 with cognitive symptomsof depression: 12-year follow-up of the whitehall ii study. Psychol Med 39:413-423.
89. Gourmelon P, Briet D, Clarencon D, Court L, Tsiang H (1991). Sleep alterations inexperimental street rabies virus infection occur in the absence of major EEGabnormalities. Brain Res 554: 159-165.
90. Goyal M, Singh S, Sibinga EM, Gould NF, Rowland-Seymour A, Sharma R, et al. (2014). Meditation programs for psychological stress and well-being: a systematicreview and meta-analysis. JAMA Intern Med 174: 357-368.
91. Grandner MA, Buxton OM, Jackson N, Sands-Lincoln M, Pandey A, Jean-Louis G(2013). Extreme sleep durations and increased c-reactive protein: effects of sexand ethnoracial group. Sleep 36: 769-779E.
92. Granger JI, Ratti PL, Datta SC, Raymond RM, Opp MR (2013). Sepsis-inducedmorbidity in mice: effects on body temperature, body weight, cage activity,social behavior and cytokines in brain. Psychoneuroendocrinology 38:1047-1057.
93. Gutierrez EG, Banks WA, Kastin AJ (1993). Murine tumor necrosis factor alpha istransported from blood to brain in the mouse. J Neuroimmunol 47: 169-176.
94. Haack M, Sanchez E, Mullington JM (2007). Elevated inflammatory markers inresponse to prolonged sleep restriction are associated with increased painexperience in healthy volunteers. Sleep 30: 1145-1152.
95. Hansen MK, Krueger JM (1997). Subdiaphragmatic vagotomy blocks the sleep-andfever-promoting effects of interleukin-1beta. Am J Physiol 273: R1246-R1253.
96. Hayashino Y, Jackson JL, Hirata T, Fukumori N, Nakamura F, Fukuhara S, et al. (2014). Effects of exercise on c-reactive protein, inflammatory cytokine andadipokine in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomizedcontrolled trials. Metabolism 63: 431-440.
97. He J, Hsuchou H, He Y, Kastin AJ, Wang Y, Pan W (2014). Sleep restriction impairsblood-brain barrier function. J Neurosci 34: 14697-14706.
98. Herrero L, Valcarcel L, da Silva CA, Albert N, Diez-Noguera A, Cambras T, et al. (2015). Altered circadian rhythm and metabolic gene profile in rats subjected toadvanced light phase shifts. PLoS One 10: e0122570.
99. Imeri L, Bianchi S, Mancia M (1997). Muramyl dipeptide and il-1 effects on sleep andbrain temperature after inhibition of serotonin synthesis. Am J Physiol 273:R1663-R1668.
100. Imeri L, Mancia M, Opp MR (1999). Blockade of 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin)-2receptors alters interleukin-1-induced changes in rat sleep. Neuroscience 92:745-749.
101. Imeri L, Opp MR (2009). How (and why) the immune system makes us sleep. NatRev Neurosci 10: 199-210.
102. Irwin M, Gillin JC, Dang J, Weissman J, Phillips E, Ehlers CL (2002). Sleepdeprivation as a probe of homeostatic sleep regulation in primary alcoholics. BiolPsychiatry 51: 632-641.
103. Irwin M, Olmstead R, Breen E, Witarama T, Carrillo C, Sadeghi N, et al. (2014). Tai chi,cellular inflammation, and transcriptome dynamics in breast cancer survivors withinsomnia: a randomized controlled trial. J Natl Cancer Inst 50: 295-301.
104. Irwin M, Rinetti G, Redwine L, Motivala S, Dang J, Ehlers C (2004). Nocturnalproinflammatory cytokine-associated sleep disturbances in abstinent AfricanAmerican alcoholics. Brain Behav Immun 18: 349-360.
105. Irwin M, Thompson J, Miller C, Gillin JC, Ziegler M (1999). Effects of sleep and sleepdeprivation on catecholamine and interleukin-2 levels in humans: clinicalimplications. J Clin Endocrin Metab 84: 1979-1985.
106. Irwin MR (2015). Why sleep is important for health: a psychoneuroimmunologyperspective. Ann Rev Psychol 66: 2. 1-2. 30.
107. Irwin MR, Carrillo C, Olmstead R (2010). Sleep loss activates cellular markers ofinflammation: sex differences. Brain Behav Immun 24: 54-57.
108. Irwin MR, Cole JC, Nicassio PM (2006). Comparative meta-analysis of behavioralinterventions for insomnia and their efficacy in middle-aged adults and in olderadults 55+ years of age. Health Psychol 25: 3-14.
109. Irwin MR, Cole SW (2011). Reciprocal regulation of the neural and innate immunesystems. Nature Rev Immunol 11: 625-632.
110. Irwin MR, Olmstead R, Breen EC, Witarama T, Carrillo C, Sadeghi N, et al. (2015). Cognitive behavioral therapy and Tai Chi reverse cellular and genomic markers ofinflammation in late-life insomnia: a randomized controlled trial. Biol Psychiatry 78:721-729.
111. Irwin MR, Olmstead R, Carrillo C, Sadeghi N, Breen EC, Witarama T, et al. (2014). Cognitive behavioral therapy vs Tai chi for late life insomnia and inflammatory risk:a randomized controlled comparative efficacy trial. Sleep 37: 1543-1552.
112. Irwin MR, Olmstead R, Carrillo C, Sadeghi N, Fitzgerald JD, Ranganath VK, et al. (2012). Sleep loss exacerbates fatigue, depression, and pain in rheumatoidarthritis. Sleep 35: 537-543.
113. Irwin MR, Olmstead R, Carroll JE (2016). Sleep disturbance, sleep duration, andinflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies andexperimental sleep deprivation. Biol Psychiatry 80: 40-52.
114. Irwin MR, Olmstead R, Motivala SJ (2008). Improving sleep quality in older adultswith moderate sleep complaints: a randomized controlled trial of Tai Chi chih. Sleep 31: 1001-1008.
115. Irwin MR, Olmstead R, Valladares EM, Breen EC, Ehlers CL (2009). Tumor necrosisfactor antagonism normalizes rapid eye movement sleep in alcohol dependence. Biol Psychiatry 66: 191-195.
116. Irwin MR, Wang M, Campomayor CO, Collado-Hidalgo A, Cole S (2006). Sleepdeprivation and activation of morning levels of cellular and genomic markers ofinflammation. Arch Intern Med 166: 1756-1762.
117. Irwin MR, Wang M, Ribeiro D, Cho HJ, Olmstead R, Breen EC, et al. (2008). Sleeploss activates cellular inflammatory signaling. Biol Psychiatry 64: 538-540.
118. Irwin MR, Witarama T, Caudill M, Olmstead R, Breen EC (2015). Sleep loss activatescellular inflammation and signal transducer and activator of transcription (stat)family proteins in humans. Brain Behav Immun 47: 86-92.
119. Irwin MR, Ziegler M (2005). Sleep deprivation potentiates activation of cardiovascularand catecholamine responses in abstinent alcoholics. Hypertension 45:252-257.
120. Ishihara K, Hirano T (2002). Il-6 in autoimmune disease and chronic inflammatoryproliferative disease. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 13: 357-368.
121. Jarcho MR, Slavich GM, Tylova-Stein H, Wolkowitz OM, Burke HM (2013). Dysregulated diurnal cortisol pattern is associated with glucocorticoid resistancein women with major depressive disorder. Biol Psychol 93: 150-158.
122. Jaussent I, Bouyer J, Ancelin ML, Akbaraly T, Peres K, Ritchie K, et al. (2011). Insomnia and daytime sleepiness are risk factors for depressive symptoms in theelderly. Sleep 34: 1103-1110.
123. Kapas L, Bohnet SG, Traynor TR, Majde JA, Szentirmai E, Magrath P, et al. (2008). Spontaneous and influenza virus-induced sleep are altered in tnf-alpha doublereceptordeficient mice. J Appl Physiol (1985) 105: 1187-1198.
124. Karin M (2006). Nuclear factor-kappab in cancer development and progression. Nature 441: 431-436.
125. Kattler H, Dijk DJ, Borbely AA (1994). Effect of unilateral somatosensory stimulationprior to sleep on the sleep EEG in humans. J Sleep Res 3: 159-164.
126. Kennedy BK, Berger SL, Brunet A, Campisi J, Cuervo AM, Epel ES, et al. (2014). Geroscience: linking aging to chronic disease. Cell 159: 709-713.
127. Kierlin L, Olmstead R, Yokomizo M, Nicassio P, Irwin MR (2012). Diagnostic andstatistical manual criteria for insomnia related impairment in daytime functioning:polysomnographic correlates in older adults. Sleep Med 13: 958-960.
128. Krueger JM (2008). The role of cytokines in sleep regulation. Curr Pharm Des 14:3408-3416.
129. Krueger JM, Karnovsky ML, Martin SA, Pappenheimer JR, Walter J, Biemann K(1984). Peptidoglycans as promoters of slow-wave sleep. Ii. Somnogenicand pyrogenic activities of some naturally occurring muramyl peptides; correlationswith mass spectrometric structure determination. J Biol Chem 259:12659-12662.
130. Krueger JM, Obal F (1993). Growth hormone releasing hormone and interleukin-1 insleep regulation. FASEB J 7: 645-652.
131. Krueger JM, Toth LA, Floyd R, Fang J, Kapas L, Bredow S, et al. (1994). Sleep,microbes and cytokines. Neuroimmunomodulation 1: 100-109.
132. Kubota T, Li N, Guan Z, Brown RA, Krueger JM (2002). Intrapreoptic microinjectionof tnf-alpha enhances non-rem sleep in rats. Brain Res 932: 37-44.
133. Lanfranchi PA, Pennestri MH, Fradette L, Dumont M, Morin CM, Montplaisir J(2009). Nighttime blood pressure in normotensive subjects with chronic insomnia:implications for cardiovascular risk. Sleep 32: 760-766.
134. Lange T, Dimitrov S, Fehm HL, Born J (2006). Sleep-like concentrations of growthhormone and cortisol modulate type1 and type2 in vitro cytokine production inhuman t cells. Int Immunopharmacol 6: 216-225.
135. Larkin EK, Rosen CL, Kirchner HL, Storfer-Isser A, Emancipator JL, JohnsonNL, et al. (2005). Variation of c-reactive protein levels in adolescents: associationwith sleep-disordered breathing and sleep duration. Circulation 111:1978-1984.
136. Laye S, Bluthe RM, Kent S, Combe C, Medina C, Parnet P, et al. (1995). Subdiaphragmatic vagotomy blocks induction of il-1 beta mrna in mice brain inresponse to peripheral lps. Am J Physiol 268: R1327-R1331.
137. Lee E, Cho HJ, Olmstead R, Levin MJ, Oxman MN, Irwin MR (2013). Persistentsleep disturbance: a risk factor for recurrent depression in community-dwellingolder adults. Sleep 36: 1685-1691.
138. Lee JH, Kim SJ, Jung HH (2009). Nocturnal sleep related with metabolic markers inend-stage renal disease patients receiving hemodialysis. Psychiatry Investig 6:34-38.
139. Levy DE, Lee CK (2002). What does stat3 do J Clin Invest 109: 1143-1148.
140. Littner M, Hirshkowitz M, Kramer M, Kapen S, Anderson WM, Bailey D, et al. American Academy of Sleep M,Standards of Practice C (2003). Practiceparameters for using polysomnography to evaluate insomnia: an update. Sleep26: 754-760.
141. Liu Y, Sanoff HK, Cho H, Burd CE, Torrice C, Ibrahim JG, et al. (2009). Expression ofp16(ink4a) in peripheral blood t-cells is a biomarker of human aging. Aging Cell 8:439-448.
142. Liu Y, Wheaton AG, Chapman DP, Croft JB (2013). Sleep duration and chronicdiseases among U. S. adults age 45 years and older: evidence from the 2010behavioral risk factor surveillance system. Sleep 36: 1421-1427.
143. Liukkonen T, Rasanen P, Ruokonen A, Laitinen J, Jokelainen J, Leinonen M, et al. (2007). C-reactive protein levels and sleep disturbances: observations based onthe Northern Finland 1966 birth cohort study. Psychosom Med 69: 756-761.
144. Lotrich FE, Germain A (2015). Decreased delta sleep ratio and elevated alpha powerpredict vulnerability to depression during interferon-alpha treatment. ActaNeuropsychiatr 27: 14-24.
145. Lue FA, Bail M, Jephthah-Ochola J, Carayanniotis K, Gorczynski R, Moldofsky H(1988). Sleep and cerebrospinal fluid interleukin-1-like activity in the cat. Inter JNeurosci 42: 179-183.
146. Machida M, Ambrozewicz MA, Breving K, Wellman LL, Yang L, Ciavarra RP, et al. (2014). Sleep and behavior during vesicular stomatitis virus induced encephalitisin balb/cj and c57bl/6j mice. Brain Behav Immun 35: 125-134.
147. Manfridi A, Brambilla D, Bianchi S, Mariotti M, Opp MR, Imeri L (2003). Interleukin-1beta enhances non-rapid eye movement sleep when microinjected into thedorsal raphe nucleus and inhibits serotonergic neurons in vitro. Eur J Neurosci 18:1041-1049.
148. Marsland AL, Gianaros PJ, Abramowitch SM, Manuck SB, Hariri AR (2008). Interleukin-6 covaries inversely with hippocampal grey matter volume in middleagedadults. Biol Psychiatry 64: 484-490.
149. Medzhitov R (2008). Origin and physiological roles of inflammation. Nature 454:428-435.
150. Meier-Ewert HK, Ridker PM, Rifai N, Regan MM, Price NJ, Dinges DF, et al. (2004). Effect of sleep loss on c-reactive protein, an inflammatory marker ofcardiovascular risk. J Am Coll Cardiol 43: 678-683.
151. Miklossy G, Hilliard TS, Turkson J (2013). Therapeutic modulators of stat signallingfor human diseases. Nat Rev Drug Discov 12: 611-629.
152. Miller GE, Cohen S, Ritchey AK (2002). Chronic psychological stress and theregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines: a glucocorticoid-resistance model. Health Psychol 21: 531-541.
153. Miller MA, Kandala NB, Kivimaki M, Kumari M, Brunner EJ, Lowe GD, et al. (2009). Gender differences in the cross-sectional relationships between sleep durationand markers of inflammation: Whitehall II study. Sleep 32: 857-864.
154. Moieni M, Irwin MR, Jevtic I, Olmstead R, Breen EC, Eisenberger NI (2015). Sexdifferences in depressive and socioemotional responses to an inflammatorychallenge: implications for sex differences in depression. Neuropsychopharmacology40: 1709-1716.
155. Moldofsky H, Lue FA, Davidson JR, Gorczynski R (1989). Effects of sleep deprivationon human immune functions. FASEB J 3: 1972-1977.
156. Morgan N, Irwin MR, Chung M, Wang C (2014). The effects of mind-body therapieson the immune system: meta-analysis. PLoS One 9: e100903.
157. Morin C, Cholecchi C, Stone J, Sood R, Brink D (1999). Behavioral andpharmacological therapies for late-life insomnia: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 281: 991-999.
158. Morin CM (2015). Cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic insomnia: state of thescience versus current clinical practices. Ann Intern Med 163: 236-237.
159. Morin CM, Belleville G, Belanger L, Ivers H (2011). The insomnia severity index:psychometric indicators to detect insomnia cases and evaluate treatmentresponse. Sleep 34: 601-608.
160. Morin CM, Bootzin RR, Buysse DJ, Edinger JD, Espie CA, Lichstein KL (2006). Psychological and behavioral treatment of insomnia: update of the recentevidence (1998-2004). Sleep 29: 1398-1414.
161. Morin CM, Hauri PJ, Espie CA, Spielman AJ, Buysse DJ, Bootzin RR (1999). Nonpharmacologic treatment of chronic insomnia. An american academy of sleepmedicine review. Sleep 22: 1134-1156.
162. Morin CM, Rodrigue S, Ivers H (2003). Role of stress, arousal, and coping skills inprimary insomnia. Psychosom Med 65: 259-267.
163. Mullington J, Korth C, Hermann DM, Orth A, Galanos C, Holsboer F, et al. (2000). Dose-dependent effects of endotoxin on human sleep. Am J Physiol Regul IntegrComp Physiol 278: R947-R955.
164. Nance DM, Sanders VM (2007). Autonomic innervation and regulation of the immunesystem (1987-2007). Brain Behav Immun 21: 736-745.
165. Neale EP, Batterham MJ, Tapsell LC (2016). Consumption of a healthy dietarypattern results in significant reductions in c-reactive protein levels in adults: ameta-analysis. Nutr Res 36: 391-401.
166. Nemzek JA, Hugunin KM, Opp MR (2008). Modeling sepsis in the laboratory:merging sound science with animal well-being. Comp Med 58: 120-128.
167. Nofzinger EA, Buysse DJ, Germain A, Price JC, Miewald JM, Kupfer DJ (2004). Functional neuroimaging evidence for hyperarousal in insomnia. Am J Psychiatry161: 2126-2128.
168. Obal F Jr, Krueger JM (2003). Biochemical regulation of non-rapid-eyemovementsleep. Front Biosci 8: d520-d550.
169. Ohayon MM (2002). Epidemiology of insomnia: what we know and what we stillneed to learn. Sleep Med Rev 6: 97-111.
170. Ohayon MM (2005). Prevalence and correlates of nonrestorative sleep complaints. Arch Intern Med 165: 35-41.
171. Ohayon MM, Carskadon MA, Guilleminault C, Vitiello MV (2004). Meta-analysis ofquantitative sleep parameters from childhood to old age in healthy individuals:developing normative sleep values across the human lifespan. Sleep 27:1255-1273.
172. Ohayon MM, Riemann D, Morin C, Reynolds CF 3rd (2012). Hierarchy of insomniacriteria based on daytime consequences. Sleep Med 13: 52-57.
173. Olofsson PS, Rosas-Ballina M, Levine YA, Tracey KJ (2012). Rethinking inflammation:neural circuits in the regulation of immunity. Immunol Rev 248: 188-204.
174. Omdal R, Gunnarsson R (2005). The effect of interleukin-1 blockade on fatigue inrheumatoid arthritis-a pilot study. Rheumatol Int 25: 481-484.
175. Opp MR (2005). Cytokines and sleep. Sleep Med Rev 9: 355-364.
176. Opp MR, Imeri L (1999). Sleep as a behavioral model of neuro-immune interactions. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 59: 45-53.
177. Opp MR, Krueger JM (2015). Sleep and immunity: a growing field withclinical impact. Brain Behav Immun 47: 1-3.
178. Opp MR, Obal F Jr, Krueger JM (1991). Interleukin 1 alters rat sleep: temporal anddose-related effects. Am J Physiol 260: R52-R58.
179. Opp MR, Toth LA (1998). Somnogenic and pyrogenic effects of interleukin-1betaand lipopolysaccharide in intact and vagotomized rats. Life Sci 62: 923-936.
180. Opp MR, Toth LA (2003). Neural-immune interactions in the regulation of sleep. Front Biosci 8: D768-D779.
181. Pace TW, Hu F, Miller AH (2007). Cytokine-effects on glucocorticoid receptorfunction: Relevance to glucocorticoid resistance and the pathophysiology andtreatment of major depression. Brain Behav Immun 21: 9-19.
182. Pan W, Kastin AJ (2016). The blood-brain barrier: Regulatory roles in wakefulnessand sleep. Neuroscientist e-pub ahead of print.
183. Patel SR, Zhu X, Storfer-Isser A, Mehra R, Jenny NS, Tracy R, et al. (2009). Sleepduration and biomarkers of inflammation. Sleep 32: 200-204.
184. Plotkin SR, Banks WA, Kastin AJ (1996). Comparison of saturable transport andextracellular pathways in the passage of interleukin-1 alpha across the bloodbrainbarrier. J Neuroimmunol 67: 41-47.
185. Prather AA, Epel ES, Cohen BE, Neylan TC, Whooley MA (2013). Gender differencesin the prospective associations of self-reported sleep quality with biomarkers ofsystemic inflammation and coagulation: findings from the heart and soul study. J Psychiatr Res 47: 1228-1235.
186. Prather AA, Puterman E, Lin J, O'Donovan A, Krauss J, Tomiyama AJ, et al. (2011). Shorter leukocyte telomere length in midlife women with poor sleep quality. J Aging Res 2011: 721390.
187. Quan N, Whiteside M, Herkenham M (1998). Time course and localizationpatterns of interleukin-1beta messenger rna expression in brain and pituitaryafter peripheral administration of lipopolysaccharide. Neuroscience 83:281-293.
188. Raison CL, Miller AH (2013). Role of inflammation in depression: implications forphenomenology, pathophysiology and treatment. Mod Trends Pharmacopsychiatri28: 33-48.
189. Raison CL, Rutherford RE, Woolwine BJ, Shuo C, Schettler P, Drake DF, et al. (2013). A randomized controlled trial of the tumor necrosis factor antagonist infliximab fortreatment-resistant depression: the role of baseline inflammatory biomarkers. JAMA Psychiatry 70: 31-41.
190. Ramey SL, Perkhounkova Y, Moon M, Budde L, Tseng HC, Clark MK (2012). Theeffect of work shift and sleep duration on various aspects of police officers' health. Workplace Health Saf 60: 215-222.
191. Rechtschaffen A, Kales A (1968). A Manual of Standardized Terminology, Techniquesand Scoring System for Sleep Stages of Human Subjects. Bethesda, N Inst NeurolDis, Blindness: Bethesda.
192. Redwine L, Hauger RL, Gillin JC, Irwin M (2000). Effects of sleep and sleepdeprivation on interleukin-6, growth hormone, cortisol, and melatonin levelsin humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85: 3597-3603.
193. Reynolds CF, Kupfer DJ, Hoch CC, Houck PR, Stack JA, Beman SR, et al. (1987). Sleep deprivation as a probe in the elderly. Arch Gen Psychiatry 44:982-990.
194. Ridker PM, Buring JE, Cook NR, Rifai N (2003). C-reactive protein, the metabolicsyndrome, and risk of incident cardiovascular events: an 8-year follow-up of 14719 initially healthy american women. Circulation 107: 391-397.
195. Ridker PM, Cook N (2004). Clinical usefulness of very high and very low levels ofc-reactive protein across the full range of framingham risk scores. Circulation 109:1955-1959.
196. Rief W, Mills PJ, Ancoli-Israel S, Ziegler MG, Pung MA, Dimsdale JE (2010). Overnight changes of immune parameters and catecholamines are associatedwith mood and stress. Psychosom Med 72: 755-762.
197. Riemann D (2010). Hyperarousal and insomnia: state of the science. Sleep Med Rev14: 17.
198. Sahin E, Colla S, Liesa M, Moslehi J, Muller FL, Guo M, et al. (2011). Telomeredysfunction induces metabolic and mitochondrial compromise. Nature 470:359-365.
199. Sato S, Sakurai T, Ogasawara J, Takahashi M, Izawa T, Imaizumi K, et al. (2014). A circadian clock gene, rev-erbalpha, modulates the inflammatory function ofmacrophages through the negative regulation of ccl2 expression. J Immunol 192:407-417.
200. Satoh M, Shimoda Y, Maesawa C, Akatsu T, Ishikawa Y, Minami Y, et al. (2005). Activated toll-like receptor 4 in monocytes is associated with heart failure afteracute myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol. 109: 226-234.
201. Sauvet F, Leftheriotis G, Gomez-Merino D, Langrume C, Drogou C, Van Beers Pet al (2010). Effect of acute sleep deprivation on vascular function in healthysubjects. J Appl Physiol 108: 68-75.
202. Schmid SM, Hallschmid M, Jauch-Chara K, Wilms B, Lehnert H, Born J, et al. (2011). Disturbed glucoregulatory response to food intake after moderate sleeprestriction. Sleep 34: 371-377.
203. Schmidt EM, Linz B, Diekelmann S, Besedovsky L, Lange T, Born J (2015). Effectsof an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist on human sleep, sleep-associated memoryconsolidation, and blood monocytes. Brain Behav Immun 47: 178-185.
204. Shearer WT, Reuben JM, Mullington JM, Price NJ, Lee BN, Smith EO, et al. (2001). Soluble TNF-alpha receptor 1 and IL-6 plasma levels in humans subjectedto the sleep deprivation model of spaceflight. J Allergy Clin Immunol 107:165-170.
205. Shochat T, Umphress J, Israel AG, Ancoli-Israel S (1999). Insomnia in primary carepatients. Sleep 22(Suppl 2): S359-S365.
206. Shuai K, Liu B (2003). Regulation of jak-stat signalling in the immune system. NatRev Immunol 3: 900-911.
207. Slavich GM, Cole SW (2013). The emerging field of human social genomics. ClinPsychol Sci 1: 331-348.
208. Slavich GM, Irwin MR (2014). From stress to inflammation and major depressivedisorder: a social signal transduction theory of depression. Psychol Bull 140:774-815.
209. Smagula SF, Stone KL, Redline S, Ancoli-Israel S, Barrett-Connor E, Lane NE, et al. Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Research G (2016). Actigraphy-andpolysomnography-measured sleep disturbances, inflammation, and mortalityamong older men. Psychosom Med 78: 686-696.
210. Smith A (1992). Sleep, colds and performance, in Broughton RJ, Ogilvie R. eds. Birkhauser, Sleep, Arousal, and Performance: A Tribute to Bob Wilkinson. Birkhauser.
211. Somers VK, Dyken ME, Mark AL, Abboud FM (1993). Sympathetic-nerve activityduring sleep in normal subjects. N Engl J Med 328: 303-307.
212. Spath-Schwalbe E, Uthgenannt D, Voget G, Kern W, Born J, Fehm HL (1993). Corticotropin-releasing hormone-induced adrenocorticotropin and cortisolsecretion depends on sleep and wakefulness. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 77:1170-1173.
213. Stamatakis KA, Punjabi NM (2010). Effects of sleep fragmentation on glucosemetabolism in normal subjects. Chest 137: 95-101.
214. Stark JL, Avitsur R, Hunzeker J, Padgett DA, Sheridan JF (2002). Interleukin-6 andthe development of social disruption-induced glucocorticoid resistance. J Neuroimmunol 124: 9-15.
215. Stark JL, Avitsur R, Padgett DA, Campbell KA, Beck FM, Sheridan JF (2001). Socialstress induces glucocorticoid resistance in macrophages. Am J Physiol RegulIntegr Comp Physiol 280: R1799-R1805.
216. Stenholm S, Kronholm E, Bandinelli S, Guralnik JM, Ferrucci L (2011). Self-reportedsleep duration and time in bed as predictors of physical function decline: resultsfrom the inchianti study. Sleep 34: 1583-1593.
217. Steptoe A, Hamer M, Chida Y (2007). The effects of acute psychological stress oncirculating inflammatory factors in humans: a review and meta-analysis. BrainBehav Immun 21: 901-912.
218. Sternberg EM (2006). Neural regulation of innate immunity: a coordinatednonspecific host response to pathogens. Nat Rev Immunol 6: 318-328.
219. Suarez EC (2008). Self-reported symptoms of sleep disturbance and inflammation,coagulation, insulin resistance and psychosocial distress: evidence for genderdisparity. Brain Behav Immun 22: 960-968.
220. Taheri S, Austin D, Lin L, Nieto FJ, Young T, Mignot E (2007). Correlates of serumc-reactive protein (crp)-no association with sleep duration or sleep disorderedbreathing. Sleep 30: 991-996.
221. Tomfohr LM, Edwards KM, Madsen JW, Mills PJ (2015). Social support moderatesthe relationship between sleep and inflammation in a population at high risk fordeveloping cardiovascular disease. Psychophysiology 52: 1689-1697.
222. Toth LA (1995). Sleep, sleep deprivation and infectious disease: studies in animals. Adv Neuroimmunol 5: 79-92.
223. Toth LA, Hughes LF (2004). Macrophage participation in influenza-induced sleepenhancement in c57bl/6j mice. Brain Behav Immun 18: 375-389.
224. Toth LA, Krueger JM (1988). Alteration of sleep in rabbits by Staphylococcus aureusinfection. Infect Immun 56: 1785-1791.
225. Toth LA, Tolley EA, Broady R, Blakely B, Krueger JM (1994). Sleep duringexperimental trypanosomiasis in rabbits. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 205: 174-181.
226. Toth LA, Verhulst SJ (2003). Strain differences in sleep patterns of healthy andinfluenza-infected inbred mice. Behav Genet 33: 325-336.
227. Tracey KJ (2009). Reflex control of immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 9: 418-428.
228. Trammell RA, Toth LA (2008). Genetic susceptibility and resistance to influenzainfection and disease in humans and mice. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 8: 515-529.
229. Traynor TR, Majde JA, Bohnet SG, Krueger JM (2007). Interferon type i receptordeficientmice have altered disease symptoms in response to influenza virus. BrainBehav Immun 21: 311-322.
230. Tubtimtes S, Sukying C, Prueksaritanond S (2009). Sleep problems in out-patient ofprimary care unit. J Med Assoc Thai 92: 273-278.
231. Tyring S, Gottlieb A, Papp K, Gordon K, Leonardi C, Wang A, et al. (2006). Etanerceptand clinical outcomes, fatigue, and depression in psoriasis: double-blind placebocontrolledrandomised phase III trial. Lancet 367: 29-35.
232. van Leeuwen WM, Lehto M, Karisola P, Lindholm H, Luukkonen R, Sallinen M, et al. (2009). Sleep restriction increases the risk of developing cardiovascular diseasesby augmenting proinflammatory responses through il-17 and crp. PLoS One4: e4589.
233. Vgontzas AN, Fernandez-Mendoza J, Liao D, Bixler EO (2013). Insomnia withobjective short sleep duration: the most biologically severe phenotype of thedisorder. Sleep Med Rev 17: 241-254.
234. Vgontzas AN, Liao D, Bixler EO, Chrousos GP, Vela-Bueno A (2009). Insomnia withobjective short sleep duration is associated with a high risk for hypertension. Sleep 32: 491-497.
235. Vgontzas AN, Papanicolaou DA, Bixler EO, Lotsikas A, Zachman K, Kales A, et al. (1999). Circadian interleukin-6 secretion and quantity and depth of sleep. J ClinEndocrinol Metab 84: 2603-2607.
236. Vgontzas AN, Pejovic S, Zoumakis E, Lin HM, Bixler EO, Basta M, et al. (2007). Daytime napping after a night of sleep loss decreases sleepiness, improvesperformance, and causes beneficial changes in cortisol and interleukin-6secretion. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 292: E253-E261.
237. Vgontzas AN, Zoumakis E, Bixler EO, Lin HM, Follett H, Kales A, et al. (2004). Adverseeffects of modest sleep restriction on sleepiness, performance, and inflammatorycytokines. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89: 2119-2126.
238. Vgontzas AN, Zoumakis E, Lin HM, Bixler EO, Trakada G, Chrousos GP (2004). Marked decrease in sleepiness in patients with sleep apnea by etanercept, atumor necrosis factor-alpha antagonist. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89: 4409-4413.
239. Vitkovic L, Bockaert J, Jacque C (2000). 'Inflammatory' cytokines: neuromodulatorsin normal brain J Neurochem 74: 457-471.
240. Walter JS, Meyers P, Krueger JM (1989). Microinjection of interleukin-1 into brain:separation of sleep and fever responses. Physiol Behav 45: 169-176.
241. Weinberger JF, Raison CL, Rye DB, Montague AR, Woolwine BJ, Felger JC, et al. (2015). Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor improves sleep continuity in patientswith treatment resistant depression and high inflammation. Brain Behav Immun47: 193-200.
242. Wilckens KA, Aizenstein HJ, Nofzinger EA, James JA, Hasler BP, Rosario-Rivera BLet al (2016). The role of non-rapid eye movement slow-wave activity in prefrontalmetabolism across young and middle-aged adults. J Sleep Res 25: 296-306.
243. Wittchen HU, Krause P, Hofler M, Pittrow D, Winter S, Spiegel B, et al. (2001). [NISAS-2000: The 'Nationwide Insomnia Screening and Awareness Study'. Prevalence and interventions in primary care]. Fortschr Med Orig 119: 9-19.
244. Youngstedt SD, Kripke DF (2004). Long sleep and mortality: rationale for sleeprestriction. Sleep Med Rev 8: 159-174.
245. Yu H, Pardoll D, Jove R (2009). Stats in cancer inflammation and immunity: a leadingrole for stat3. Nat Rev Cancer 9: 798-809.
246. Zamarron F, Maceiras F, Mera A, Gomez-Reino JJ (2004). Effects of the firstinfliximab infusion on sleep and alertness in patients with active rheumatoidarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 63: 88-90.
247. Zielinski MR, Dunbrasky DL, Taishi P, Souza G, Krueger JM (2013). Vagotomyattenuates brain cytokines and sleep induced by peripherally administered tumornecrosis factor-alpha and lipopolysaccharide in mice. Sleep 36: 1227-1238.