Long sleep and mortality: Rationale for sleep restriction

Sleep Medicine Reviews

Volumn 8, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 159-174

  Youngstedt, Shawn D ^a,b   Kripke, Daniel F ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA   (United States)

Author keywords

Long Sleep; Mortality; Risk; Sleep duration; Sleep restriction

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; AGED; AGING; CIRCADIAN RHYTHM; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; DIET RESTRICTION; DISEASE EXACERBATION; EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA; FEMALE; GLUCOSE TOLERANCE; HEREDITY; HUMAN; IMMUNITY; LETHARGY; LIFE EXPECTANCY; MALE; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; PHOTOPERIODICITY; POLYSOMNOGRAPHY; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; QUALITY OF LIFE; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; SELF REPORT; SLEEP PATTERN; SLEEP RESTRICTION; SLEEP TIME; SOMNOLENCE; SURVIVAL RATE; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; UNITED STATES;

EID: 2642528605     PISSN: 10870792     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2003.10.002     Document Type: Article

References (107)

1. Spielman AJ, Saskin P, Thorpy MJ. Treatment of chronic insomnia by restriction of time in bed. Sleep 1987; 10: 45-56.
2. Morin CM, Culbert JP, Schwartz SM. Nonpharmacological interventions for insomnia: a meta-analysis of treatment efficacy. Am J Psychiatry 1994; 151: 1172-1180.
3. Surgeon General, The Surgeon General's call to action to prevent and decrease overweight and obesity. Rockville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service 2001.
4. Ekirch R. Sleep we have lost: pre-industrial slumber in the British Isles. Am Hist Rev 2001; 106: 343-386.
5. National Sleep Foundation, 2002 'Sleep in America' Poll. Washington, DC: National Sleep Foundation 2002.
6. Grandner MA, Kripke DF. Self-reported sleep problems in short and long sleepers. Sleep 2002; 25: A309.
7. Kripke DF, Brunner R, Freeman R et al. Sleep complaints of postmenopausal women. Clin J Women's Health 2001; 1: 244-252.
8. Hammond EC. Some preliminary findings on physical complaints from a prospective study of 1,064,004 men and women. Am J Public Health 1964; 54: 11-24.
9. Kripke DF, Simons RN, Garfinkel L, Hammond EC. Short and long sleep and sleeping pills: is increased mortality associated? Arch Gen Psychiatry 1979; 36: 103-116.
10. Kripke DF, Garfinkel L, Wingard DL, Klauber MR, Marler MR. Mortality associated with sleep duration and insomnia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2002; 59: 131-136.
11. Minino AM, Smith BL. Deaths: preliminary data for 2000. CDC Natl Vital Stat Rep 2001; 49: 1-40.
12. Ayas NT, White DP, Manson JE et al. A prospective study of sleep duration and coronary heart disease in women. Arch Intern Med 2003; 163: 205-209.
13. Breslow L, Enstrom JE. Persistence of health habits and their relationship to mortality. Prev Med 1980; 9: 469-483.
14. Burazeri G, Gofin J, Kark JD. Over 8 hours of sleep-marker of increased mortality in Mediterranean population: follow-up population study. Croat Med J 2003; 44: 193-198.
15. Chen D, Foley D. Prevalence of sleep disturbance and mortality in the U.S. population. Sleep Res 1994; 23: 116.
16. Gale C, Martyn C. Larks and owls and health, wealth, and wisdom. Br Med J 1998; 317: 1675-1677.
17. Gottlieb DJ, Schulman DA, Nam BH, D'Agostino RA, Kannel WA. Sleep duration predicts mortality: the Framingham Study. Sleep 2002; 25: A108.
18. Huppert FA, Whittington JE. Symptoms of psychological distress predict 7-year mortality. Psychol Med 1995; 25: 1073-1086.
19. Kaplan GA, Seeman TE, Cohen RD, Knudsen LP, Guralnik J. Mortality among the elderly in the Alameda county study: behavioral and demographic risk factors. Am J Public Health 1987; 77: 307-312.
20. Kojima M, Wakai K, Kawamura T et al. Sleep patterns and total mortality: a 12-year follow-up study in Japan. J Epidemiol 2000; 10: 87-93.
21. Mallon L, Broman J-E, Hetta J. Sleep complaints predict coronary artery disease mortality in males: a 12-year follow-up study of a middle-aged Swedish population. J Int Med 2002; 251: 207-216.
22. Patel SR, Ayas NT, White DP, Speizer FE, Stampfter MJ, Hu FB. A prospective study of sleep duration and mortality risk in women. Sleep 2003; 26: A184.
23. Pollak CP, Perlick D, Linsner JP, Wenston J, Hsieh F. Sleep problems in the community elderly as predictors of death and nursing home placement. J Community Health 1990; 15: 123-135.
24. Qureshi AI, Giles WH, Croft JB, Bliwise DL. Habitual sleep patterns and risk for stroke and coronary heart disease: a 10-year follow-up from NHANES I. Neurology 1997; 48: 904-911.
25. Tamakoshi A, Ohno Y. Self-reported sleep duration as a predictor of all-cause mortality: results from the JACC study. Sleep 2004; 27: 51-54.
26. Wingard DL, Berkman LF, Brand RJ. A multivariate analysis of health-related practices. Am J Epidemiol 1982; 116: 765-775.
27. Bliwise DL, King AC, Harris RB. Habitual sleep durations and health in a 50-65 year old population. J Clin Epidemiol 1994; 47: 35-41.
28. Kripke DF, Ancoli-Israel S, Mason W, Messin S. Sleep related mortality and morbidity in the aged. In: MH Chase, ED Weitzman (eds.) Sleep disorders: basic and clinical research. New York: Spectrum Publications, Inc 1983; 415-429.
29. Jean-Louis G, Kripke DF, Ancoli-Israel S, Klauber MR, Sepulveda RS. Sleep duration, illumination, and activity patterns in a population sample: effects of gender and ethnicity. Biol Psychiatry 2000; 47: 921-927.
30. Mellinger GD, Balter MB, Uhlenhuth EH. Insomnia and its treatment. Prevalence and correlates. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1985; 42: 225-232.
31. Ford DE, Kamerow DB. Epidemiologic study of sleep disturbances and psychiatric disorders: an opportunity for prevention? JAMA 1989; 262(11): 1479-1484.
32. Breslau N, Roth T, Rosenthal L, Andreski P. Sleep disturbance and psychiatric disorders: a longitudinal epidemiological study of young adults. Biol Psychiatry 1996; 39: 411-418.
33. Bliwise DL, Friedman L, Yesavage JA. Depression as a confounding variable in the estimation of habitual sleep time. J Clin Psychol 1993; 49: 471-477.
34. Teno JM, Weitzen S, Fennell ML, Mor V. Dying trajectory in the last year of life: does cancer trajectory fit other diseases? J Palliative Med 2001; 4: 457-464.
35. Kripke DF, Marler MR, Calle EE. Epidemiologic health impact of sleep. In: C Kushida (ed.) Sleep deprivation. 2004. In press.
36. Rechtschaffen A, Bergmann BM. Sleep deprivation in the rat: an update of the 1989 paper. Sleep 2002; 25: 18-24.
37. Dew MA, Hoch CC, Buysse DJ et al. Healthy older adults' sleep predicts all-cause mortality at 4 to 19 years of followup. Psychosom Med 2003; 65: 63-73.
38. Bennett LS, Barbour C, Langford B, Stradling JR, Davies RJ. Health status in obstructive sleep apnea: relationship with sleep fragmentation and daytime sleepiness, and effects of continuous positive airway pressure treatment. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 159: 1884-1890.
39. Taub JM, Berger RJ. Extended sleep and performance: the Rip Van Winkle effect. Psychon Sci 1969; 16: 204-205.
40. Taub JM, Berger RJ. Performance and mood following variations in length and timing of sleep. Psychophysiology 1973; 10: 559-570.
41. Hartmann E, Baekeland F, Zwilling GR. Psychological differences between long and short sleepers. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1972; 26: 463-468.
42. Gordon SH, Tucker SA. Effect of photoperiod and daily food-access time on mortality and performance of male broilers. Br Poultry Sci 1998; 39: S11-S12.
43. Pilcher JJ, Ott ES. The relationships between sleep and measures of health and well-being in college students: a repeated measures approach. Behav Med 1998; 23: 170-178.
44. Pilcher JJ, Ginter DR, Sadowsky B. Sleep quality versus sleep quantity: relationships between sleep and measures of health, well-being and sleepiness in colleges students. J Psychosom Res 1997; 42: 583-596.
45. Carskadon MA, Brown ED, Dement WC. Sleep fragmentation in the elderly: relationship to daytime sleep tendency. Neurobiol Aging 1982; 3: 321-327.
46. Stepanski E, Lamphere J, Badia P, Zorick F, Roth T. Sleep fragmentation and daytime sleepiness. Sleep 1984; 7: 18-26.
47. Gillberg M. Sleepiness and its relation to the length, content, and continuity of sleep. J Sleep Res 1995; 4(S2): 37-40.
48. Jean-Louis G, Kripke DF, Ancoli-Israel S. Sleep and quality of well-being. Sleep 2000; 23: 1115-1121.
49. Baekeland F, Hartmann E. Reported sleep characteristics: effects of age, sleep length and psychiatric impairment. Compr Psychiatry 1971; 12: 141-147.
50. Webb WB, Agnew HW. Sleep stage characteristics of long and short sleepers. Science 1970; 168: 146-147.
51. Webb WB, Friel J. Sleep stage and personality characteristics of natural long and short sleepers. Science 1971; 171: 587-588.
52. de Castro JM. The influence of heredity on self-reported sleep patterns in free-living humans. Physiol Behav 2002; 76: 479-486.
53. Franken P, Malafosse A, Tafti M. Genetic determinants of sleep regulation in inbred mice. Sleep 1999; 22: 155-169.
54. Aeschbach D, Sher L, Postolache TT, Matthews JR, Jackson Ma, Wehr TA. A longer biological night in long sleepers than in short sleepers. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003; 88: 26-30.
55. Wehr TA. The durations of human melatonin secretion and sleep respond to changes in daylength (photoperiod). J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1991; 73: 1276-1280.
56. Wehr TA. Photoperiodism in humans and other primates: evidence and implications. J Biol Rhythms 2001; 16: 348-364.
57. Benoit O, Foret J, Merle B, Bouad G. Diurnal rhythm of axillary temperature in long and short sleepers: effects of sleep deprivation and sleep displacement. Sleep 1981; 4: 359-365.
58. Czeisler CA, Weitzman ED, Moore-Ede MC, Zimmerman JC, Knauer RS. Human sleep: its duration and organization depend on its circadian phase. Science 1980; 210: 1264-1267.
59. Foley DJ, Monjan AA, Brown SL, Simonsick EM, Wallace RB, Blazer DG. Sleep complaints among elderly persons: an epidemiologic study of three communities. Sleep 1995; 18: 425-432.
60. Bliwise DL. Review: sleep in normal aging and dementia. Sleep 1993; 16: 40-81.
61. Prinz PN, Vitiello MV, Raskind MA, Thorpy MJ. Geriatrics: sleep disorders and aging. N Engl J Med 1990; 323: 520-526.
62. Myers BL, Badia P. Changes in circadian rhythms and sleep quality with aging: mechanisms and interventions. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 1995; 19: 553-571.
63. Ancoti-Israel S, Parker L, Sinaee R, Fell R, Kripke DF. Sleep fragmentation in patients from a nursing home. J Gerontol 1989; 44: M18-M21.
64. Hoch CC, Reynolds CFI, Buysse DJ et al. Protecting sleep quality in later life: a pilot study of bed restriction and sleep hygiene. J Gerontol 2001; 56B: P52-P59.
65. Globus GG. Sleep duration and feeling state. Int Psychiatry Clin 1970; 7: 78-84.
66. Globus GG. A syndrome associated with sleeping late. Psychosom Med 1969; 31: 528-535.
67. Taub JM. Effects of ad lib extended-delayed sleep on sensorimotor performance, memory and sleepiness in the young adult. Physiol Behav 1980; 25: 77-87.
68. Taub JM, Globus GG, Phoebus E, Drury R. Extended sleep and performance. Nature 1971; 233: 142-143.
69. Harrison Y, Horne JA. Long-term extension to sleep-are we really chronically sleep deprived? Psychophysiology 1996; 33: 22-30.
70. Carskadon MA, Mancuso J, Keenan S, Littell W, Dement WC. Sleepiness following oversleeping. Sleep Res 1986; 15: 70.
71. Roehrs T, Shore E, Papineau K, Rosenthal L, Roth T. A two-week sleep extension in sleepy normals. Sleep 1996; 19: 576-582.
72. Levine B, Lumley M, Roehrs T, Zorick F, Roth T. The effects of acute sleep restriction and extension on sleep efficiency. Int J Neurosci 1988; 43: 139-143.
73. Campbell SS. Duration and placement of sleep in a 'disentrained' environment. Psychophysiology 1984; 21: 106-113.
74. Morin CM, Gramling SE. Sleep patterns and aging: comparison of older adults with and without insomnia complaints. Psychol Aging 1989; 4: 290-294.
75. Keglund G, Akerstedt T. Objective components of individual differences in subjective sleep quality. J Sleep Res 1997; 6: 217-220.
76. Mullaney DJ, Johnson LC, Naitoh P, Friedmann JK, Globus GG. Sleep during and after gradual sleep reduction. Psychophysiology 1977; 14: 237-244.
77. Friedmann J, Globus G, Huntley A, Mullaney D, Naitoh P, Johnson L. Performance and mood during and after gradual sleep reduction. Psychophysiology 1977; 14: 245-250.
78. Webb WB, Agnew Jr HW. The effects of a chronic limitation of sleep length. Psychophysiology 1974; 11: 265-274.
79. Johnson LC, MacLeod WL. Sleep and awake behavior during gradual sleep reduction. Percept Mot Skills 1973; 36: 87-97.
80. Webb WB, Agnew Jr HW. Sleep: effects of a restricted regime. Science 1965; 150: 1745-1747.
81. Kayumov L, Brown G, Jindal R, Buttoo K, Shapiro CM. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study of the effect of exogenous melatonin on delayed sleep phase syndrome. Psychosom Med 2001; 63: 40-48.
82. Riedel BW, Lichstein KL, Dwyer WO. Sleep compression and sleep education for older insomniacs: Self-help versus therapist guidance. Psychol Aging 2002; 10: 54-63.
83. Horne JA, Wilkinson S. Chronic sleep reduction: daytime vigilance performance and EEG measures of sleepiness, with particular reference to practice effects. Psychophysiology 1985; 22: 69-78.
84. Bliwise DL, Carskadon MA, Seidel WF, Nekich JC, Dement WC. MSLT-defined sleepiness and neuropsychological test performance do not correlate in the elderly. Neurobiol Aging 1991; 12: 463-468.
85. Hoch CC, Reynolds CFI, Jennings RJ et al. Daytime sleepiness and performance among healthy 80 and 20 year olds. Neurobiol Aging 1992; 13: 353.
86. Morin CM, Colecchi C, Stone J, Sood R, Brink D. Behavioral and pharmacological therapies for late-life insomnia. A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 1999; 281: 991-999.
87. Friedman L, Benson K, Noda A et al. An actigraphic comparison of sleep restriction and sleep hygiene treatments for insomnia in older adults. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2000; 13: 17-27.
88. Friedman L, Bliwise DL, Yesavage JA, Salom SR. A preliminary study comparing sleep restriction and relaxation treatments for insomnia in older adults. J Gerontol 1991; 46: P1-P8.
89. Jean-Louis G, Kripke DF, Assmus JD, Langer RD. Sleep-wake patterns among postmenopausal women: a 24-hour unattended polysomnographic study. J Gerontol: Med Sci 2000; 55A: M120-M123.
90. Dinges DF, Pack F, Williams K et al. Cumulative sleepiness, mood disturbance, and psychomotor vigilance performance decrements during a week of sleep restricted to 4-5 hours per night. Sleep 1997; 20: 267-277.
91. Hill DW, Welch JE, Godfrey JA. Influence of locus of control on mood state disturbance after short-term sleep deprivation. Sleep 1996; 19: 41-46.
92. Wirz-Justice A, van den Hoofdakker RH. Sleep deprivation in depression: what do we know, where do we go? Biol Psychiatry 1999; 46: 445-453.
93. Loving RT, Kripke DF, Shuchter SR. Bright light augments antidepressant effects of medication and wake therapy. Dep Anx 2002; 16: 1-3.
94. Neumeister A, Goessler R, Lucht M, Kapitany T, Bamas C, Kasper S. Bright light therapy stabilizes the antidepressant effect of partial sleep deprivation. Biol Psychiatry 1996; 39: 16-21.
95. Yu BP, Chung HY. Stress resistance by caloric restriction for longevity. Ann NY Acad Sci 2001; 928: 39-47.
96. Le Bourg E, Valenti P, Lucchetta P, Payre F. Effects of mild heat shocks at young age on aging and longevity in Drosophila melanogaster. Biogerontology 2001; 2: 155-164.
97. Minois N. Longevity and aging: beneficial effects of exposure to mild stress. Biogerontology 2000; 1: 15-29.
98. Carskadon MA, Dement WC. Nocturnal determinants of daytime sleepiness. Sleep 1982; 5: S73-S81.
99. Carskadon MA, Dement WC. Cumulative effects of sleep restriction on daytime sleepiness. Psychophysiology 1981; 18: 107-113.
100. Devoto A, Lucidi F, Violani C, Bertini M. Effects of different sleep reductions on daytime sleepiness. Sleep 1999; 22: 336-343.
101. Van Dongen HPA, Maislin G, Mullington JM, Dinges DF. The cumulative cost of additional wakefulness: dose-response effects on neurobehavioral functions and sleep physiology from chronic sleep restriction and total sleep deprivation. Sleep 2003; 26: 117-126.
102. Betenky G, Wesensten NJ, Thorne DR et al. Patterns of performance degradation and restoration during sleep restriction and subsequent recovery: a sleep dose-response study. J Sleep Res 2003; 12: 1-12.
103. Spiegel K, Leproult R, Van Cauter E. Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function. Lancet 1999; 354: 1435-1439.
104. Spiegel K, Sheridan JF, Van Cauter E. Effect of sleep deprivation on response to immunization. JAMA 2002; 288: 1471-1472.
105. Irwin M. Neuroimmunology of disordered sleep in depression and alcoholism. Neuropsychopharmacology 2001; 25: S45-S49.
106. Born J, Lange T, Hansen K, Molle M, Fehm HL. Effects of sleep and circadian rhythm on human circulating immune cells. J Immunol 1997; 158: 4454-4464.
107. Papanicolaou DA, Wilder RL, Manolagas SC, Chrousos GP. The pathophysiologic roles of Interleukin-6 in human disease. Ann Int Med 1998; 128: 127-137.