메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 71, Issue , 2016, Pages 48-57

Understanding posttraumatic stress disorder through fear conditioning, extinction and reconsolidation

Author keywords

Extinction; Fear conditioning; Memory persistence; PTSD; Reconsolidation

Indexed keywords

AMYGDALA; ASSOCIATION; BRAIN FUNCTION; CONDITIONING; FEAR; FEAR CONDITIONING; HIPPOCAMPUS; HUMAN; LEARNING; MEMORY; NEUROANATOMY; NEUROBIOLOGY; NONHUMAN; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOTRAUMA; RECONSOLIDATION; REINFORCEMENT; REVIEW; STATE DEPENDENT LEARNING;

EID: 84984832209     PISSN: 01497634     EISSN: 18737528     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.08.023     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (120)

References (166)
  • 1
    • 0004047408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Amygdala: A Functional Analysis
    • 2nd ed. Oxford University Press
    • Aggleton, J., The Amygdala: A Functional Analysis. 2nd ed., 2000, Oxford University Press.
    • (2000)
    • Aggleton, J.1
  • 2
    • 70350644903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • D-Cycloserine into the BLA reverses the impairing effects of exposure to stress on the extinction of contextual fear, but not conditioned taste aversion
    • Akirav, I., Segev, A., Motanis, H., Maroun, M., D-Cycloserine into the BLA reverses the impairing effects of exposure to stress on the extinction of contextual fear, but not conditioned taste aversion. Learn. Mem. 16 (2009), 682–686, 10.1101/lm.1565109.
    • (2009) Learn. Mem. , vol.16 , pp. 682-686
    • Akirav, I.1    Segev, A.2    Motanis, H.3    Maroun, M.4
  • 3
    • 84913555310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medial prefrontal cortex serotonergic and GABAergic mechanisms modulate the expression of contextual fear: intratelencephalic pathways and differential involvement of cortical subregions
    • Almada, R.C., Coimbra, N.C., Brandão, M.L., Medial prefrontal cortex serotonergic and GABAergic mechanisms modulate the expression of contextual fear: intratelencephalic pathways and differential involvement of cortical subregions. Neuroscience 284 (2015), 988–997, 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.11.001.
    • (2015) Neuroscience , vol.284 , pp. 988-997
    • Almada, R.C.1    Coimbra, N.C.2    Brandão, M.L.3
  • 4
    • 0003472502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-5
    • American Psychiatric Association
    • American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-5. 2013, American Psychiatric Association, 271–278.
    • (2013) , pp. 271-278
    • American Psychiatric Association1
  • 5
    • 84922391602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological interventions for preventing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
    • CD006239
    • Amos, T., Stein, D.J., Ipser, J.C., Pharmacological interventions for preventing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Cochrane database Syst. Rev., 2014, 10.1002/14651858.cd006239.pub2 CD006239.
    • (2014) Cochrane database Syst. Rev.
    • Amos, T.1    Stein, D.J.2    Ipser, J.C.3
  • 6
    • 40849130851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychological treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
    • CD003388
    • Bisson, J., Andrew, M., Psychological treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Cochrane Database Syst. Rev., 2005, 10.1002/14651858.cd003388.pub2 CD003388.
    • (2005) Cochrane Database Syst. Rev.
    • Bisson, J.1    Andrew, M.2
  • 7
    • 33846954439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychological treatments for chronic post-traumatic stress disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Bisson, J.I., Ehlers, A., Matthews, R., Pilling, S., Richards, D., Turner, S., Psychological treatments for chronic post-traumatic stress disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br. J. Psychiatry 190 (2007), 97–104, 10.1192/bjp.bp.106.021402.
    • (2007) Br. J. Psychiatry , vol.190 , pp. 97-104
    • Bisson, J.I.1    Ehlers, A.2    Matthews, R.3    Pilling, S.4    Richards, D.5    Turner, S.6
  • 8
    • 0015433570 scopus 로고
    • Innate and conditioned reactions to threat in rats with amygdaloid lesions
    • Blanchard, D.C., Blanchard, R.J., Innate and conditioned reactions to threat in rats with amygdaloid lesions. J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 81 (1972), 281–290, 10.1037/h0033521.
    • (1972) J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. , vol.81 , pp. 281-290
    • Blanchard, D.C.1    Blanchard, R.J.2
  • 9
    • 0025946954 scopus 로고
    • Twenty-two kHz alarm cries to presentation of a predator, by laboratory rats living in visible burrow systems
    • Blanchard, R.J., Blanchard, D.C., Agullana, R., Weiss, S.M., Twenty-two kHz alarm cries to presentation of a predator, by laboratory rats living in visible burrow systems. Physiol. Behav. 50 (1991), 967–972, 10.1016/0031-9384(91)90423-L.
    • (1991) Physiol. Behav. , vol.50 , pp. 967-972
    • Blanchard, R.J.1    Blanchard, D.C.2    Agullana, R.3    Weiss, S.M.4
  • 10
    • 34547677777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fear conditioning in posttraumatic stress disorder: evidence for delayed extinction of autonomic, experiential, and behavioural responses
    • Blechert, J., Michael, T., Vriends, N., Margraf, J., Wilhelm, F.H., Fear conditioning in posttraumatic stress disorder: evidence for delayed extinction of autonomic, experiential, and behavioural responses. Behav. Res. Ther. 45 (2007), 2019–2033, 10.1016/j.brat.2007.02.012.
    • (2007) Behav. Res. Ther. , vol.45 , pp. 2019-2033
    • Blechert, J.1    Michael, T.2    Vriends, N.3    Margraf, J.4    Wilhelm, F.H.5
  • 11
    • 0001216061 scopus 로고
    • Contextual control of the extinction of conditioned fear
    • Bouton, M.E., Bolles, R.C., Contextual control of the extinction of conditioned fear. Learn. Motiv., 1979, 10.1016/0023-9690(79)90057-2.
    • (1979) Learn. Motiv.
    • Bouton, M.E.1    Bolles, R.C.2
  • 12
    • 0027630812 scopus 로고
    • Context, time, and memory retrieval in the interference paradigms of Pavlovian learning
    • Bouton, M.E., Context, time, and memory retrieval in the interference paradigms of Pavlovian learning. Psychol. Bull. 114 (1993), 80–99.
    • (1993) Psychol. Bull. , vol.114 , pp. 80-99
    • Bouton, M.E.1
  • 13
    • 4644334535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Context and behavioral processes in extinction
    • Bouton, M.E., Context and behavioral processes in extinction. Learn. Mem. 11 (2004), 485–494, 10.1101/lm.78804.
    • (2004) Learn. Mem. , vol.11 , pp. 485-494
    • Bouton, M.E.1
  • 15
    • 0032723933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural correlates of memories of childhood sexual abuse in women with and without posttraumatic stress disorder
    • Bremner, J.D., Narayan, M., Staib, L.H., Southwick, S.M., McGlashan, T., Charney, D.S., Neural correlates of memories of childhood sexual abuse in women with and without posttraumatic stress disorder. Am. J. Psychiatry 156 (1999), 1787–1795.
    • (1999) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.156 , pp. 1787-1795
    • Bremner, J.D.1    Narayan, M.2    Staib, L.H.3    Southwick, S.M.4    McGlashan, T.5    Charney, D.S.6
  • 16
    • 0033120011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural correlates of exposure to traumatic pictures and sound in Vietnam combat veterans with and without posttraumatic stress disorder: a positron emission tomography study
    • Bremner, J.D., Staib, L.H., Kaloupek, D., Southwick, S.M., Soufer, R., Charney, D.S., Neural correlates of exposure to traumatic pictures and sound in Vietnam combat veterans with and without posttraumatic stress disorder: a positron emission tomography study. Biol. Psychiatry 45 (1999), 806–816, 10.1016/S0006-3223(98)00297-2.
    • (1999) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.45 , pp. 806-816
    • Bremner, J.D.1    Staib, L.H.2    Kaloupek, D.3    Southwick, S.M.4    Soufer, R.5    Charney, D.S.6
  • 17
    • 21044432211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positron emission tomographic imaging of neural correlates of a fear acquisition and extinction paradigm in women with childhood sexual-abuse-related post-traumatic stress disorder
    • Bremner, J.D., Vermetten, E., Schmahl, C., Vaccarino, V., Vythilingam, M., Afzal, N., Grillon, C., Charney, D.S., Positron emission tomographic imaging of neural correlates of a fear acquisition and extinction paradigm in women with childhood sexual-abuse-related post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychol. Med. 35 (2005), 791–806, 10.1017/S0033291704003290.
    • (2005) Psychol. Med. , vol.35 , pp. 791-806
    • Bremner, J.D.1    Vermetten, E.2    Schmahl, C.3    Vaccarino, V.4    Vythilingam, M.5    Afzal, N.6    Grillon, C.7    Charney, D.S.8
  • 18
    • 0026033672 scopus 로고
    • Traumatic events and posttraumatic stress disorder in an urban population of young adults
    • Breslau, N., Davis, G.C., Andreski, P., Peterson, E., Traumatic events and posttraumatic stress disorder in an urban population of young adults. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 48 (1991), 216–222, 10.1001/archpsyc.1991.01810270028003.
    • (1991) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry , vol.48 , pp. 216-222
    • Breslau, N.1    Davis, G.C.2    Andreski, P.3    Peterson, E.4
  • 19
    • 0029592721 scopus 로고
    • Synaptology of prefrontal cortical projections to the basolateral amygdala: an electron microscopic study in the rat
    • Brinley-Reed, M., Mascagni, F., McDonald, A.J., Synaptology of prefrontal cortical projections to the basolateral amygdala: an electron microscopic study in the rat. Neurosci. Lett. 202 (1995), 45–48.
    • (1995) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.202 , pp. 45-48
    • Brinley-Reed, M.1    Mascagni, F.2    McDonald, A.J.3
  • 20
    • 33645526868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reversible hippocampal lesions disrupt water maze performance during both recent and remote memory tests
    • Broadbent, N.J., Squire, L.R., Clark, R.E., Reversible hippocampal lesions disrupt water maze performance during both recent and remote memory tests. Learn. Mem. 13 (2006), 187–191, 10.1101/lm.134706.
    • (2006) Learn. Mem. , vol.13 , pp. 187-191
    • Broadbent, N.J.1    Squire, L.R.2    Clark, R.E.3
  • 22
    • 39049108307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of post-retrieval propranolol on psychophysiologic responding during subsequent script-driven traumatic imagery in post-traumatic stress disorder
    • Brunet, A., Orr, S.P., Tremblay, J., Robertson, K., Nader, K., Pitman, R.K., Effect of post-retrieval propranolol on psychophysiologic responding during subsequent script-driven traumatic imagery in post-traumatic stress disorder. J. Psychiatr. Res. 42 (2008), 503–506, 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2007.05.006.
    • (2008) J. Psychiatr. Res. , vol.42 , pp. 503-506
    • Brunet, A.1    Orr, S.P.2    Tremblay, J.3    Robertson, K.4    Nader, K.5    Pitman, R.K.6
  • 23
    • 1942444633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety signals from avoidance learning but not from yoked classical conditioning training pass both summation and retardation tests for inhibition
    • Cándido, A., González, F., de Brugada, I., Safety signals from avoidance learning but not from yoked classical conditioning training pass both summation and retardation tests for inhibition. Behav. Processes 66 (2004), 153–160, 10.1016/j.beproc.2004.01.011.
    • (2004) Behav. Processes , vol.66 , pp. 153-160
    • Cándido, A.1    González, F.2    de Brugada, I.3
  • 24
    • 0042470849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced human memory consolidation with post-learning stress: interaction with the degree of arousal at encoding
    • Cahill, L., Gorski, L., Le, K., Enhanced human memory consolidation with post-learning stress: interaction with the degree of arousal at encoding. Learn. Mem. 10 (2003), 270–274, 10.1101/lm.62403.
    • (2003) Learn. Mem. , vol.10 , pp. 270-274
    • Cahill, L.1    Gorski, L.2    Le, K.3
  • 25
    • 0030983258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elicitation and reduction of fear: behavioural and neuroendocrine indices and brain induction of the immediate-early gene c-fos
    • Campeau, S., Falls, W.A., Cullinan, W.E., Helmreich, D.L., Davis, M., Watson, S.J., Elicitation and reduction of fear: behavioural and neuroendocrine indices and brain induction of the immediate-early gene c-fos. Neuroscience 78 (1997), 1087–1104, 10.1016/S0306-4522(96)00632-X.
    • (1997) Neuroscience , vol.78 , pp. 1087-1104
    • Campeau, S.1    Falls, W.A.2    Cullinan, W.E.3    Helmreich, D.L.4    Davis, M.5    Watson, S.J.6
  • 27
    • 0031687188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Posttraumatic stress disorder and drug disorders: testing causal pathways
    • Chilcoat, H.D., Breslau, N., Posttraumatic stress disorder and drug disorders: testing causal pathways. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 55 (1998), 913–917.
    • (1998) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry , vol.55 , pp. 913-917
    • Chilcoat, H.D.1    Breslau, N.2
  • 28
    • 33644748312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alterations in cerebral perfusion in posttraumatic stress disorder patients without re-exposure to accident-related stimuli
    • Chung, Y.A., Kim, S.H., Chung, S.K., Chae, J.H., Yang, D.W., Sohn, H.S., Jeong, J., Alterations in cerebral perfusion in posttraumatic stress disorder patients without re-exposure to accident-related stimuli. Clin. Neurophysiol. 117 (2006), 637–642, 10.1016/j.clinph.2005.10.020.
    • (2006) Clin. Neurophysiol. , vol.117 , pp. 637-642
    • Chung, Y.A.1    Kim, S.H.2    Chung, S.K.3    Chae, J.H.4    Yang, D.W.5    Sohn, H.S.6    Jeong, J.7
  • 29
    • 0030447110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic stress impairs rat spatial memory on the Y maze, and this effect is blocked by tianeptine pretreatment
    • Conrad, C.D., Galea, L.A., Kuroda, Y., McEwen, B.S., Chronic stress impairs rat spatial memory on the Y maze, and this effect is blocked by tianeptine pretreatment. Behav. Neurosci. 110 (1996), 1321–1334.
    • (1996) Behav. Neurosci. , vol.110 , pp. 1321-1334
    • Conrad, C.D.1    Galea, L.A.2    Kuroda, Y.3    McEwen, B.S.4
  • 30
    • 4644274476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors regulating the effects of hippocampal inactivation on renewal of conditional fear after extinction
    • Corcoran, K.A., Maren, S., Factors regulating the effects of hippocampal inactivation on renewal of conditional fear after extinction. Learn. Mem. 11 (2004), 598–603, 10.1101/lm.78704.
    • (2004) Learn. Mem. , vol.11 , pp. 598-603
    • Corcoran, K.A.1    Maren, S.2
  • 31
    • 33846648800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activity in prelimbic cortex is necessary for the expression of learned, but not innate, fears
    • Corcoran, K.A., Quirk, G.J., Activity in prelimbic cortex is necessary for the expression of learned, but not innate, fears. J. Neurosci. 27 (2007), 840–844, 10.1523/jneurosci.5327-06.2007.
    • (2007) J. Neurosci. , vol.27 , pp. 840-844
    • Corcoran, K.A.1    Quirk, G.J.2
  • 32
    • 0032552049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stress and glucocorticoids impair retrieval of long-term spatial memory
    • de Quervain, D.J., Roozendaal, B., McGaugh, J.L., Stress and glucocorticoids impair retrieval of long-term spatial memory. Nature 394 (1998), 787–790, 10.1038/29542.
    • (1998) Nature , vol.394 , pp. 787-790
    • de Quervain, D.J.1    Roozendaal, B.2    McGaugh, J.L.3
  • 33
    • 67349147165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoids and the regulation of memory in health and disease
    • de Quervain, D.J.-F., Aerni, A., Schelling, G., Roozendaal, B., Glucocorticoids and the regulation of memory in health and disease. Front. Neuroendocrinol. 30 (2009), 358–370, 10.1016/j.yfrne.2009.03.002.
    • (2009) Front. Neuroendocrinol. , vol.30 , pp. 358-370
    • de Quervain, D.J.-F.1    Aerni, A.2    Schelling, G.3    Roozendaal, B.4
  • 34
    • 79952577258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noradrenergic enhancement of reconsolidation in the amygdala impairs extinction of conditioned fear in rats-a possible mechanism for the persistence of traumatic memories in PTSD
    • Dębiec, J., Bush, D.E., LeDoux, J.E., Noradrenergic enhancement of reconsolidation in the amygdala impairs extinction of conditioned fear in rats-a possible mechanism for the persistence of traumatic memories in PTSD. Depress. Anxiety 28 (2011), 186–193, 10.1002/da.20803.
    • (2011) Depress. Anxiety , vol.28 , pp. 186-193
    • Dębiec, J.1    Bush, D.E.2    LeDoux, J.E.3
  • 35
    • 6344277186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disruption of reconsolidation but not consolidation of auditory fear conditioning by noradrenergic blockade in the amygdala
    • Dȩbiec, J., Ledoux, J.E., Disruption of reconsolidation but not consolidation of auditory fear conditioning by noradrenergic blockade in the amygdala. Neuroscience 129 (2004), 267–272, 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.08.018.
    • (2004) Neuroscience , vol.129 , pp. 267-272
    • Dȩbiec, J.1    Ledoux, J.E.2
  • 36
    • 0021523971 scopus 로고
    • Protein synthesis and memory: a review
    • Davis, H.P., Squire, L.R., Protein synthesis and memory: a review. Psychol. Bull. 96 (1984), 518–559.
    • (1984) Psychol. Bull. , vol.96 , pp. 518-559
    • Davis, H.P.1    Squire, L.R.2
  • 37
    • 0002819772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural Systems Involved in Fear Inhibition: Extinction and Conditioned Inhibition
    • Springer US
    • Davis, M., Falls, W., Gewirtz, J., Neural Systems Involved in Fear Inhibition: Extinction and Conditioned Inhibition. 2000, Springer, US, 10.1007/978-1-4757-4860-4_8.
    • (2000)
    • Davis, M.1    Falls, W.2    Gewirtz, J.3
  • 38
    • 0030762664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurobiology of fear responses: the role of the amygdala
    • Davis, M., Neurobiology of fear responses: the role of the amygdala. J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 9 (1997), 382–402, 10.1176/jnp.9.3.382.
    • (1997) J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci. , vol.9 , pp. 382-402
    • Davis, M.1
  • 39
    • 0037168120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular and systems reconsolidation in the hippocampus
    • Debiec, J., LeDoux, J.E., Nader, K., Cellular and systems reconsolidation in the hippocampus. Neuron 36 (2002), 527–538, 10.1016/S0896-6273(02)01001-2.
    • (2002) Neuron , vol.36 , pp. 527-538
    • Debiec, J.1    LeDoux, J.E.2    Nader, K.3
  • 40
    • 0028701611 scopus 로고
    • Stress impairs LTP and hippocampal-dependent memory
    • Diamond, D.M., Rose, G.M., Stress impairs LTP and hippocampal-dependent memory. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 746 (1994), 411–414.
    • (1994) Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. , vol.746 , pp. 411-414
    • Diamond, D.M.1    Rose, G.M.2
  • 41
    • 42749087403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An fMRI investigation of memory encoding in PTSD: Influence of symptom severity
    • Dickie, E.W., Brunet, A., Akerib, V., Armony, J.L., An fMRI investigation of memory encoding in PTSD: Influence of symptom severity. Neuropsychologia 46 (2008), 1522–1531, 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.01.007.
    • (2008) Neuropsychologia , vol.46 , pp. 1522-1531
    • Dickie, E.W.1    Brunet, A.2    Akerib, V.3    Armony, J.L.4
  • 42
    • 84896388390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • D-Cycloserine augmentation of exposure therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder: a pilot randomized clinical trial
    • Difede, J., Cukor, J., Wyka, K., Olden, M., Hoffman, H., Lee, F.S., Altemus, M., D-Cycloserine augmentation of exposure therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder: a pilot randomized clinical trial. Neuropsychopharmacology, 1–7, 2013, 10.1038/npp.2013.317.
    • (2013) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.1-7
    • Difede, J.1    Cukor, J.2    Wyka, K.3    Olden, M.4    Hoffman, H.5    Lee, F.S.6    Altemus, M.7
  • 43
    • 0030250266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in non-clinical anxiety: a multi-subject, yoked-control design
    • Dunn, T.M., Schwartz, M., Hatfield, R.W., Wiegele, M., Measuring effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in non-clinical anxiety: a multi-subject, yoked-control design. J. Behav. Ther. Exp. Psychiatry 27 (1996), 231–239.
    • (1996) J. Behav. Ther. Exp. Psychiatry , vol.27 , pp. 231-239
    • Dunn, T.M.1    Schwartz, M.2    Hatfield, R.W.3    Wiegele, M.4
  • 44
    • 62549163018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • No PTSD-related differences in diurnal cortisol profiles of genocide survivors
    • Eckart, C., Engler, H., Riether, C., Kolassa, S., Elbert, T., Kolassa, I.T., No PTSD-related differences in diurnal cortisol profiles of genocide survivors. Psychoneuroendocrinology 34 (2009), 523–531, 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2008.10.012.
    • (2009) Psychoneuroendocrinology , vol.34 , pp. 523-531
    • Eckart, C.1    Engler, H.2    Riether, C.3    Kolassa, S.4    Elbert, T.5    Kolassa, I.T.6
  • 48
    • 41549099080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiological correlates of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing
    • Elofsson, U.O., von Schèele, B., Theorell, T., Söndergaard, H.P., Physiological correlates of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. J. Anxiety Disord. 22 (2008), 622–634, 10.1016/j.janxdis.2007.05.012.
    • (2008) J. Anxiety Disord. , vol.22 , pp. 622-634
    • Elofsson, U.O.1    von Schèele, B.2    Theorell, T.3    Söndergaard, H.P.4
  • 49
    • 0141781024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Higher cortisol levels following exposure to traumatic reminders in abuse-related PTSD
    • Elzinga, B.M., Schmahl, C.G., Vermetten, E., van Dyck, R., Bremner, J.D., Higher cortisol levels following exposure to traumatic reminders in abuse-related PTSD. Neuropsychopharmacology 28 (2003), 1656–1665, 10.1038/sj.npp.1300226.
    • (2003) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.28 , pp. 1656-1665
    • Elzinga, B.M.1    Schmahl, C.G.2    Vermetten, E.3    van Dyck, R.4    Bremner, J.D.5
  • 50
    • 84973981912 scopus 로고
    • The conditioning model of neurosis
    • Eysenck, H., The conditioning model of neurosis. Behav. Brain Res. 2 (1979), 155–166.
    • (1979) Behav. Brain Res. , vol.2 , pp. 155-166
    • Eysenck, H.1
  • 51
    • 33947613510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in anterior cingulate and amygdala after cognitive behavior therapy of posttraumatic stress disorder
    • Felmingham, K., Kemp, A., Williams, L., Das, P., Hughes, G., Peduto, A., Bryant, R., Changes in anterior cingulate and amygdala after cognitive behavior therapy of posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychol. Sci., 2007, 10.1111/j.1467-92802007.01860.x.
    • (2007) Psychol. Sci.
    • Felmingham, K.1    Kemp, A.2    Williams, L.3    Das, P.4    Hughes, G.5    Peduto, A.6    Bryant, R.7
  • 52
    • 0032976615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neuroanatomical and neurochemical basis of conditioned fear
    • Fendt, M., Fanselow, M.S., The neuroanatomical and neurochemical basis of conditioned fear. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 23 (1999), 743–760, 10.1016/S0149-7634(99)00016-0.
    • (1999) Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. , vol.23 , pp. 743-760
    • Fendt, M.1    Fanselow, M.S.2
  • 53
    • 84901505096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can fear extinction be enhanced? A review of pharmacological and behavioral findings
    • Fitzgerald, P.J., Seemann, J.R., Maren, S., Can fear extinction be enhanced? A review of pharmacological and behavioral findings. Brain Res. Bull. 105 (2014), 46–60, 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2013.12.007.
    • (2014) Brain Res. Bull. , vol.105 , pp. 46-60
    • Fitzgerald, P.J.1    Seemann, J.R.2    Maren, S.3
  • 54
    • 0034973745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prefrontal cortex—an update
    • Fuster, J., The prefrontal cortex—an update. Neuron 30 (2001), 319–333, 10.1016/S0896-6273(01)00285-9.
    • (2001) Neuron , vol.30 , pp. 319-333
    • Fuster, J.1
  • 55
    • 0041834530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends of probable post-Traumatic stress disorder in new York city after the September 11 terrorist attacks
    • Galea, S., Trends of probable post-Traumatic stress disorder in new York city after the September 11 terrorist attacks. Am. J. Epidemiol. 158 (2003), 514–524, 10.1093/aje/kwg187.
    • (2003) Am. J. Epidemiol. , vol.158 , pp. 514-524
    • Galea, S.1
  • 58
    • 84886258220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contextual exploration previous to an aversive event predicts long-term emotional consequences of severe stress
    • Girardi, C.E.N., Tiba, P.a., Llobet, G.B., Levin, R., Abilio, V.C., Suchecki, D., Contextual exploration previous to an aversive event predicts long-term emotional consequences of severe stress. Front. Behav. Neurosci., 7, 2013, 134, 10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00134.
    • (2013) Front. Behav. Neurosci. , vol.7 , pp. 134
    • Girardi, C.E.N.1    Tiba, P.A.2    Llobet, G.B.3    Levin, R.4    Abilio, V.C.5    Suchecki, D.6
  • 59
    • 0001319304 scopus 로고
    • Perseverative neural processes and consolidation of the memory trace
    • Glickman, S.E., Perseverative neural processes and consolidation of the memory trace. Psychol. Bull. 58 (1961), 218–233, 10.1037/h0044212.
    • (1961) Psychol. Bull. , vol.58 , pp. 218-233
    • Glickman, S.E.1
  • 60
    • 77950628867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mice overexpressing corticotropin-releasing factor show brain atrophy and motor dysfunctions
    • Goebel, M., Fleming, S.M., Million, M., Stengel, A., Taché, Y., Wang, L., Mice overexpressing corticotropin-releasing factor show brain atrophy and motor dysfunctions. Neurosci. Lett. 473 (2010), 11–15, 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.01.068.
    • (2010) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.473 , pp. 11-15
    • Goebel, M.1    Fleming, S.M.2    Million, M.3    Stengel, A.4    Taché, Y.5    Wang, L.6
  • 61
    • 0016441344 scopus 로고
    • Facilitation of time-dependent memory processes with posttrial epinephrine injections
    • Gold, P.E., Van Buskirk, R.B., Facilitation of time-dependent memory processes with posttrial epinephrine injections. Behav. Biol. 13 (1975), 145–153, 10.1016/S0091-6773(75)91784-8.
    • (1975) Behav. Biol. , vol.13 , pp. 145-153
    • Gold, P.E.1    Van Buskirk, R.B.2
  • 63
    • 0029966805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Affective learning: awareness and aversion
    • Hamm, A.O., Vaitl, D., Affective learning: awareness and aversion. Psychophysiology 33 (1996), 698–710, 10.1111/j.1469-89861996. tb02366.x.
    • (1996) Psychophysiology , vol.33 , pp. 698-710
    • Hamm, A.O.1    Vaitl, D.2
  • 64
    • 20144366316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neuropsychology of fear learning and fear regulation
    • Hamm, A.O., Weike, A.I., The neuropsychology of fear learning and fear regulation. Int. J. Psychophysiol. 57 (2005), 5–14, 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2005.01.006.
    • (2005) Int. J. Psychophysiol. , vol.57 , pp. 5-14
    • Hamm, A.O.1    Weike, A.I.2
  • 65
    • 0024451158 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for hippocampal regulation of neuroendocrine neurons of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis
    • Herman, J.P., Schäfer, M.K., Young, E.A., Thompson, R., Douglass, J., Akil, H., Watson, S.J., Evidence for hippocampal regulation of neuroendocrine neurons of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis. J. Neurosci. 9 (1989), 3072–3082.
    • (1989) J. Neurosci. , vol.9 , pp. 3072-3082
    • Herman, J.P.1    Schäfer, M.K.2    Young, E.A.3    Thompson, R.4    Douglass, J.5    Akil, H.6    Watson, S.J.7
  • 66
    • 0022654464 scopus 로고
    • Lesions of the amygdala, but not of the cerebellum or red nucleus, block conditioned fear as measured with the potentiated startle paradigm
    • Hitchcock, J., Davis, M., Lesions of the amygdala, but not of the cerebellum or red nucleus, block conditioned fear as measured with the potentiated startle paradigm. Behav. Neurosci. 100 (1986), 11–22, 10.1037/0735-7044.100.1.11.
    • (1986) Behav. Neurosci. , vol.100 , pp. 11-22
    • Hitchcock, J.1    Davis, M.2
  • 67
    • 0029994755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The central adaptation syndrome: psychosocial stress as a trigger for adaptive modifications of brain structure and brain function
    • Huether, G., The central adaptation syndrome: psychosocial stress as a trigger for adaptive modifications of brain structure and brain function. Prog. Neurobiol. 48 (1996), 569–612, 10.1016/0301-0082(96)00003-2.
    • (1996) Prog. Neurobiol. , vol.48 , pp. 569-612
    • Huether, G.1
  • 68
    • 0022479044 scopus 로고
    • Destruction of intrinsic neurons in the lateral hypothalamus disrupts the classical conditioning of autonomic but not behavioral emotional responses in the rat
    • Iwata, J., LeDoux, J.E., Reis, D.J., Destruction of intrinsic neurons in the lateral hypothalamus disrupts the classical conditioning of autonomic but not behavioral emotional responses in the rat. Brain Res. 368 (1986), 161–166, 10.1016/0006-8993(86)91055-3.
    • (1986) Brain Res. , vol.368 , pp. 161-166
    • Iwata, J.1    LeDoux, J.E.2    Reis, D.J.3
  • 69
    • 0025804787 scopus 로고
    • The role of the hippocampus in feedback regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis
    • Jacobson, L., Sapolsky, R., The role of the hippocampus in feedback regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis. Endocr. Rev. 12 (1991), 118–134, 10.1210/edrv-12-2-118.
    • (1991) Endocr. Rev. , vol.12 , pp. 118-134
    • Jacobson, L.1    Sapolsky, R.2
  • 70
    • 77952982006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How the neurocircuitry and genetics of fear inhibition may inform our understanding of PTSD
    • Jovanovic, T., Ressler, K.J., How the neurocircuitry and genetics of fear inhibition may inform our understanding of PTSD. Am. J. Psychiatry, 2010, 10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09071074.
    • (2010) Am. J. Psychiatry
    • Jovanovic, T.1    Ressler, K.J.2
  • 71
    • 64649085923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Posttraumatic stress disorder may be associated with impaired fear inhibition: relation to symptom severity
    • Jovanovic, T., Norrholm, S.D., Fennell, J.E., Keyes, M., Fiallos, A.M., Myers, K.M., Davis, M., Duncan, E.J., Posttraumatic stress disorder may be associated with impaired fear inhibition: relation to symptom severity. Psychiatry Res. 167 (2009), 151–160, 10.1016/j.psychres.2007.12.014.
    • (2009) Psychiatry Res. , vol.167 , pp. 151-160
    • Jovanovic, T.1    Norrholm, S.D.2    Fennell, J.E.3    Keyes, M.4    Fiallos, A.M.5    Myers, K.M.6    Davis, M.7    Duncan, E.J.8
  • 72
    • 0019917243 scopus 로고
    • Molecular biology of learning: modulation of transmitter release
    • Kandel, E.R., Schwartz, J.H., Molecular biology of learning: modulation of transmitter release. Science 218 (1982), 433–443.
    • (1982) Science , vol.218 , pp. 433-443
    • Kandel, E.R.1    Schwartz, J.H.2
  • 74
    • 0018608419 scopus 로고
    • Amygdala central nucleus lesions: effect on heart rate conditioning in the rabbit
    • Kapp, B.S., Frysinger, R.C., Gallagher, M., Haselton, J.R., Amygdala central nucleus lesions: effect on heart rate conditioning in the rabbit. Physiol. Behav. 23 (1979), 1109–1117, 10.1016/0031-9384(79)90304-4.
    • (1979) Physiol. Behav. , vol.23 , pp. 1109-1117
    • Kapp, B.S.1    Frysinger, R.C.2    Gallagher, M.3    Haselton, J.R.4
  • 75
    • 0028867185 scopus 로고
    • Posttraumatic stress disorder in the national comorbidity survey
    • Kessler, R.C., Sonnega, A., Bromet, E., Hughes, M., Nelson, C.B., Posttraumatic stress disorder in the national comorbidity survey. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 52 (1995), 1048–1060, 10.1001/archpsyc.1995.03950240066012.
    • (1995) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry , vol.52 , pp. 1048-1060
    • Kessler, R.C.1    Sonnega, A.2    Bromet, E.3    Hughes, M.4    Nelson, C.B.5
  • 76
    • 0027723577 scopus 로고
    • Effects of amygdala, hippocampus, and periaqueductal gray lesions on short- and long-term contextual fear
    • Kim, J.J., Rison, R.A., Fanselow, M.S., Effects of amygdala, hippocampus, and periaqueductal gray lesions on short- and long-term contextual fear. Behav. Neurosci. 107 (1993), 1093–1098.
    • (1993) Behav. Neurosci. , vol.107 , pp. 1093-1098
    • Kim, J.J.1    Rison, R.A.2    Fanselow, M.S.3
  • 77
    • 60749084639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beyond extinction: erasing human fear responses and preventing the return of fear
    • Kindt, M., Soeter, M., Vervliet, B., Beyond extinction: erasing human fear responses and preventing the return of fear. Nat. Neurosci. 12 (2009), 256–258, 10.1038/nn.2271.
    • (2009) Nat. Neurosci. , vol.12 , pp. 256-258
    • Kindt, M.1    Soeter, M.2    Vervliet, B.3
  • 78
    • 23844438717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurement of hippocampal volume in posttraumatic stress disorder: a meta-analysis
    • Kitayama, N., Vaccarino, V., Kutner, M., Weiss, P., Bremner, J.D., Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurement of hippocampal volume in posttraumatic stress disorder: a meta-analysis. J. Affect. Disord. 88 (2005), 79–86, 10.1016/j.jad.2005.05.014.
    • (2005) J. Affect. Disord. , vol.88 , pp. 79-86
    • Kitayama, N.1    Vaccarino, V.2    Kutner, M.3    Weiss, P.4    Bremner, J.D.5
  • 79
    • 84963516517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intranasal oxytocin administration dampens amygdala reactivity towards emotional faces in male and female PTSD patients
    • Koch, S.B., van Zuiden, M., Nawijn, L., Frijling, J.L., Veltman, D.J., Olff, M., Intranasal oxytocin administration dampens amygdala reactivity towards emotional faces in male and female PTSD patients. Neuropsychopharmacology, 2015, 10.1038/npp.2015.299.
    • (2015) Neuropsychopharmacology
    • Koch, S.B.1    van Zuiden, M.2    Nawijn, L.3    Frijling, J.L.4    Veltman, D.J.5    Olff, M.6
  • 80
    • 0043135248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Post-training intra-basolateral amygdala infusions of norepinephrine enhance consolidation of memory for contextual fear conditioning
    • LaLumiere, R.T., Buen, T., McGaugh, J.L., Post-training intra-basolateral amygdala infusions of norepinephrine enhance consolidation of memory for contextual fear conditioning. J. Neurosci. 23 (2003), 6754–6758.
    • (2003) J. Neurosci. , vol.23 , pp. 6754-6758
    • LaLumiere, R.T.1    Buen, T.2    McGaugh, J.L.3
  • 81
    • 0034597928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fear and anxiety: animal models and human cognitive psychophysiology
    • Lang, P.J., Davis, M., Ohman, A., Fear and anxiety: animal models and human cognitive psychophysiology. J. Affect. Disord. 61 (2000), 137–159, 10.1016/S0165-0327(00)00343-8.
    • (2000) J. Affect. Disord. , vol.61 , pp. 137-159
    • Lang, P.J.1    Davis, M.2    Ohman, A.3
  • 83
    • 34147142357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural correlates of trauma script-imagery in posttraumatic stress disorder with and without comorbid major depression: a functional MRI investigation
    • Lanius, R.A., Frewen, P.A., Girotti, M., Neufeld, R.W.J., Stevens, T.K., Densmore, M., Neural correlates of trauma script-imagery in posttraumatic stress disorder with and without comorbid major depression: a functional MRI investigation. Psychiatry Res. Neuroimaging 155 (2007), 45–56, 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2006.11.006.
    • (2007) Psychiatry Res. Neuroimaging , vol.155 , pp. 45-56
    • Lanius, R.A.1    Frewen, P.A.2    Girotti, M.3    Neufeld, R.W.J.4    Stevens, T.K.5    Densmore, M.6
  • 84
    • 33744576427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The emotional brain: the mysterious underpinnings of emotional life
    • LeDoux, J.E., The emotional brain: the mysterious underpinnings of emotional life. Simon Schuster, 1996.
    • (1996) Simon Schuster
    • LeDoux, J.E.1
  • 85
    • 0022443857 scopus 로고
    • Modulating effects of posttraining epinephrine on memory: involvement of the amygdala noradrenergic system
    • Liang, K.C., Juler, R.G., McGaugh, J.L., Modulating effects of posttraining epinephrine on memory: involvement of the amygdala noradrenergic system. Brain Res. 368 (1986), 125–133.
    • (1986) Brain Res. , vol.368 , pp. 125-133
    • Liang, K.C.1    Juler, R.G.2    McGaugh, J.L.3
  • 87
    • 84949538591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning models of PTSD: Theoretical accounts and psychobiological evidence
    • Lissek, S., van Meurs, B., Learning models of PTSD: Theoretical accounts and psychobiological evidence. Int. J. Psychophysiol., 2015, 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.11.006.
    • (2015) Int. J. Psychophysiol.
    • Lissek, S.1    van Meurs, B.2
  • 88
    • 0029120661 scopus 로고
    • Stress-induced atrophy of apical dendrites of hippocampal CA3c neurons: involvement of glucocorticoid secretion and excitatory amino acid receptors
    • Magariños, A.M., McEwen, B.S., Stress-induced atrophy of apical dendrites of hippocampal CA3c neurons: involvement of glucocorticoid secretion and excitatory amino acid receptors. Neuroscience 69 (1995), 89–98, 10.1016/0306-4522(95)00256-I.
    • (1995) Neuroscience , vol.69 , pp. 89-98
    • Magariños, A.M.1    McEwen, B.S.2
  • 89
    • 0030699445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurotoxic lesions of the dorsal hippocampus and Pavlovian fear conditioning in rats
    • Maren, S., Aharonov, G., Fanselow, M.S., Neurotoxic lesions of the dorsal hippocampus and Pavlovian fear conditioning in rats. Behav. Brain Res. 88 (1997), 261–274, 10.1016/S0166-4328(97)00088-0.
    • (1997) Behav. Brain Res. , vol.88 , pp. 261-274
    • Maren, S.1    Aharonov, G.2    Fanselow, M.S.3
  • 90
    • 0346249764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protein synthesis in the amygdala, but not the auditory thalamus, is required for consolidation of Pavlovian fear conditioning in rats
    • Maren, S., Ferrario, C.R., Corcoran, K.A., Desmond, T.J., Frey, K.A., Protein synthesis in the amygdala, but not the auditory thalamus, is required for consolidation of Pavlovian fear conditioning in rats. Eur. J. Neurosci. 18 (2003), 3080–3088, 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2003.03063.x.
    • (2003) Eur. J. Neurosci. , vol.18 , pp. 3080-3088
    • Maren, S.1    Ferrario, C.R.2    Corcoran, K.A.3    Desmond, T.J.4    Frey, K.A.5
  • 91
    • 0034927082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurobiology of Pavlovian fear conditioning
    • Maren, S., Neurobiology of Pavlovian fear conditioning. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 24 (2001), 897–931, 10.1146/annurev.neuro.24.1.897.
    • (2001) Annu. Rev. Neurosci. , vol.24 , pp. 897-931
    • Maren, S.1
  • 92
    • 0026542107 scopus 로고
    • The vulnerability of the hippocampus to protective and destructive effects of glucocorticoids in relation to stress
    • McEwen, B., Gould, E., Sakai, R., The vulnerability of the hippocampus to protective and destructive effects of glucocorticoids in relation to stress. Br. J. Psychiatry Suppl. 15 (1992), 18–23.
    • (1992) Br. J. Psychiatry Suppl. , vol.15 , pp. 18-23
    • McEwen, B.1    Gould, E.2    Sakai, R.3
  • 93
    • 0014019828 scopus 로고
    • Time-dependent processes in memory storage
    • McGaugh, J.L., Time-dependent processes in memory storage. Science 153 (1966), 1351–1358, 10.1126/science.153.3742.1351.
    • (1966) Science , vol.153 , pp. 1351-1358
    • McGaugh, J.L.1
  • 94
    • 0033969570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Memory-a century of consolidation
    • McGaugh, J.L., Memory-a century of consolidation. Science 287 (2000), 248–251, 10.1126/science.287.5451.248.
    • (2000) Science , vol.287 , pp. 248-251
    • McGaugh, J.L.1
  • 95
    • 0030034648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Projections of the medial and lateral prefrontal cortices to the amygdala: a Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin study in the rat
    • Mcdonald, A.J., Mascagni, F., Guo, L., Projections of the medial and lateral prefrontal cortices to the amygdala: a Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin study in the rat. Neuroscience 71 (1996), 55–75, 10.1016/0306-4522(95)00417-3.
    • (1996) Neuroscience , vol.71 , pp. 55-75
    • Mcdonald, A.J.1    Mascagni, F.2    Guo, L.3
  • 96
    • 33646189918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fear extinction in rats: implications for human brain imaging and anxiety disorders
    • Milad, M.R., Rauch, S.L., Pitman, R.K., Quirk, G.J., Fear extinction in rats: implications for human brain imaging and anxiety disorders. Biol. Psychol. 73 (2006), 61–71, 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2006.01.008.
    • (2006) Biol. Psychol. , vol.73 , pp. 61-71
    • Milad, M.R.1    Rauch, S.L.2    Pitman, R.K.3    Quirk, G.J.4
  • 97
    • 40849118026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presence and acquired origin of reduced recall for fear extinction in PTSD: Results of a twin study
    • Milad, M.R., Orr, S.P., Lasko, N.B., Chang, Y., Rauch, S.L., Pitman, R.K., Presence and acquired origin of reduced recall for fear extinction in PTSD: Results of a twin study. J. Psychiatry Res. 42 (2008), 515–520, 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2008.01.017.
    • (2008) J. Psychiatry Res. , vol.42 , pp. 515-520
    • Milad, M.R.1    Orr, S.P.2    Lasko, N.B.3    Chang, Y.4    Rauch, S.L.5    Pitman, R.K.6
  • 99
    • 0014401739 scopus 로고
    • Retrograde amnesia produced by electroconvulsive shock after reactivation of a consolidated memory trace
    • Misanin, J.R., Miller, R.R., Lewis, D.J., Retrograde amnesia produced by electroconvulsive shock after reactivation of a consolidated memory trace. Science 160 (1968), 554–555, 10.1126/science.160.3827.554.
    • (1968) Science , vol.160 , pp. 554-555
    • Misanin, J.R.1    Miller, R.R.2    Lewis, D.J.3
  • 100
    • 21544459309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stress duration modulates the spatiotemporal patterns of spine formation in the basolateral amygdala
    • Mitra, R., Jadhav, S., McEwen, B.S., Vyas, A., Chattarji, S., Stress duration modulates the spatiotemporal patterns of spine formation in the basolateral amygdala. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 102 (2005), 9371–9376, 10.1073/pnas.0504011102.
    • (2005) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , vol.102 , pp. 9371-9376
    • Mitra, R.1    Jadhav, S.2    McEwen, B.S.3    Vyas, A.4    Chattarji, S.5
  • 101
    • 0037079060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioral and neural analysis of extinction
    • Myers, K.M., Davis, M., Behavioral and neural analysis of extinction. Neuron, 2002, 10.1016/s0896-6273(02)01064-4.
    • (2002) Neuron
    • Myers, K.M.1    Davis, M.2
  • 102
    • 0034680134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fear memories require protein synthesis in the amygdala for reconsolidation after retrieval
    • Nader, K., Schafe, G.E., Le Doux, J.E., Fear memories require protein synthesis in the amygdala for reconsolidation after retrieval. Nature 406 (2000), 722–726, 10.1038/35021052.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.406 , pp. 722-726
    • Nader, K.1    Schafe, G.E.2    Le Doux, J.E.3
  • 104
    • 0020043965 scopus 로고
    • Eysenck's theory of incubation: an empirical test
    • Nicholaichuk, T.P., Quesnel, L.J., Tait, R.W., Eysenck's theory of incubation: an empirical test. Behav. Res. Ther. 20 (1982), 329–338, 10.1016/0005-7967(82)90092-4.
    • (1982) Behav. Res. Ther. , vol.20 , pp. 329-338
    • Nicholaichuk, T.P.1    Quesnel, L.J.2    Tait, R.W.3
  • 105
    • 8344267952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noradrenergic mechanisms in the pathophysiology of post-traumatic stress disorder
    • O'Donnell, T., Hegadoren, K.M., Coupland, N.C., Noradrenergic mechanisms in the pathophysiology of post-traumatic stress disorder. Neuropsychobiology, 2004, 10.1159/000080952.
    • (2004) Neuropsychobiology
    • O'Donnell, T.1    Hegadoren, K.M.2    Coupland, N.C.3
  • 106
    • 0033856250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • De novo conditioning in trauma-exposed individuals with and without posttraumatic stress disorder
    • Orr, S.P., Metzger, L.J., Lasko, N.B., Macklin, M.L., Peri, T., Pitman, R.K., De novo conditioning in trauma-exposed individuals with and without posttraumatic stress disorder. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 109 (2000), 290–298, 10.1037/0021-843X.109.2.290.
    • (2000) J. Abnorm. Psychol. , vol.109 , pp. 290-298
    • Orr, S.P.1    Metzger, L.J.2    Lasko, N.B.3    Macklin, M.L.4    Peri, T.5    Pitman, R.K.6
  • 108
  • 109
    • 0343851737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychophysiologic assessment of aversive conditioning in posttraumatic stress disorder
    • Peri, T., Ben-Shakhar, G., Orr, S.P., Shalev, A.Y., Psychophysiologic assessment of aversive conditioning in posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol. Psychiatry 47 (1999), 512–519, 10.1016/S0006-3223(99)00144-4.
    • (1999) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.47 , pp. 512-519
    • Peri, T.1    Ben-Shakhar, G.2    Orr, S.P.3    Shalev, A.Y.4
  • 110
    • 0026635574 scopus 로고
    • Differential contribution of amygdala and hippocampus to cued and contextual fear conditioning
    • Phillips, R.G., LeDoux, J.E., Differential contribution of amygdala and hippocampus to cued and contextual fear conditioning. Behav. Neurosci. 106 (1992), 274–285, 10.1037/0735-7044.106.2.274.
    • (1992) Behav. Neurosci. , vol.106 , pp. 274-285
    • Phillips, R.G.1    LeDoux, J.E.2
  • 112
    • 84858009103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medial prefrontal cortical innervation of the intercalated nuclear region of the amygdala
    • Pinard, C.R., Mascagni, F., McDonald, A.J., Medial prefrontal cortical innervation of the intercalated nuclear region of the amygdala. Neuroscience 205 (2012), 112–124, 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.12.036.
    • (2012) Neuroscience , vol.205 , pp. 112-124
    • Pinard, C.R.1    Mascagni, F.2    McDonald, A.J.3
  • 114
    • 0024322451 scopus 로고
    • Post-traumatic stress disorder, hormones, and memory
    • Pitman, R.K., Post-traumatic stress disorder, hormones, and memory. Biol. Psychiatry, 1989, 10.1016/0006-3223(89)90033-4.
    • (1989) Biol. Psychiatry
    • Pitman, R.K.1
  • 115
    • 53049106468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An animal model of a behavioral intervention for depression
    • Pollak, D.D., Monje, F.J., Zuckerman, L., Denny, C.A., Drew, M.R., Kandel, E.R., An animal model of a behavioral intervention for depression. Neuron 60 (2008), 149–161 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2008.07.041.
    • (2008) Neuron , vol.60 , pp. 149-161
    • Pollak, D.D.1    Monje, F.J.2    Zuckerman, L.3    Denny, C.A.4    Drew, M.R.5    Kandel, E.R.6
  • 116
    • 0033178970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attenuation of emotional and nonemotional memories after their reactivation: role of beta adrenergic receptors
    • Przybyslawski, J., Roullet, P., Sara, S.J., Attenuation of emotional and nonemotional memories after their reactivation: role of beta adrenergic receptors. J. Neurosci. 19 (1999), 6623–6628.
    • (1999) J. Neurosci. , vol.19 , pp. 6623-6628
    • Przybyslawski, J.1    Roullet, P.2    Sara, S.J.3
  • 119
    • 84902266243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improvement of mood and sleep alterations in posttraumatic stress disorder patients by eye movement desensitization and reprocessing
    • Raboni, M.R., Alonso, F.F.D., Tufik, S., Suchecki, D., Improvement of mood and sleep alterations in posttraumatic stress disorder patients by eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. Front. Behav. Neurosci. 8 (2014), 1–11, 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00209.
    • (2014) Front. Behav. Neurosci. , vol.8 , pp. 1-11
    • Raboni, M.R.1    Alonso, F.F.D.2    Tufik, S.3    Suchecki, D.4
  • 120
    • 84865243377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoids protect against the delayed behavioral and cellular effects of acute stress on the amygdala
    • Rao, R.P., Anilkumar, S., McEwen, B.S., Chattarji, S., Glucocorticoids protect against the delayed behavioral and cellular effects of acute stress on the amygdala. Biol. Psychiatry 72 (2012), 466–475, 10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.04.008.
    • (2012) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.72 , pp. 466-475
    • Rao, R.P.1    Anilkumar, S.2    McEwen, B.S.3    Chattarji, S.4
  • 121
    • 0034193435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exaggerated amygdala response to masked facial stimuli in posttraumatic stress disorder: a functional MRI study
    • Rauch, S.L., Whalen, P.J., Shin, L.M., McInerney, S.C., MacKlin, M.L., Lasko, N.B., Orr, S.P., Pitman, R.K., Exaggerated amygdala response to masked facial stimuli in posttraumatic stress disorder: a functional MRI study. Biol. Psychiatry 47 (2000), 769–776, 10.1016/S0006-3223(00)00828-3.
    • (2000) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.47 , pp. 769-776
    • Rauch, S.L.1    Whalen, P.J.2    Shin, L.M.3    McInerney, S.C.4    MacKlin, M.L.5    Lasko, N.B.6    Orr, S.P.7    Pitman, R.K.8
  • 122
  • 123
    • 0014498822 scopus 로고
    • Conditioned inhibition of fear resulting from negative CS-US contingencies
    • Rescorla, R.A., Conditioned inhibition of fear resulting from negative CS-US contingencies. J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 67 (1969), 504–509, 10.1037/h0027313.
    • (1969) J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. , vol.67 , pp. 504-509
    • Rescorla, R.A.1
  • 124
    • 4644282212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous recovery
    • Rescorla, R.A., Spontaneous recovery. Learn. Mem. 11 (2004), 501–509, 10.1101/lm.77504.
    • (2004) Learn. Mem. , vol.11 , pp. 501-509
    • Rescorla, R.A.1
  • 125
    • 0027765524 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of civilian trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in a representative national sample of women
    • Resnick, H.S., Kilpatrick, D.G., Dansky, B.S., Saunders, B.E., Best, C.L., Prevalence of civilian trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in a representative national sample of women. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 61 (1993), 984–991, 10.1037/0022-006x.61.6.984.
    • (1993) J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. , vol.61 , pp. 984-991
    • Resnick, H.S.1    Kilpatrick, D.G.2    Dansky, B.S.3    Saunders, B.E.4    Best, C.L.5
  • 126
    • 0022383620 scopus 로고
    • Two receptor systems for corticosterone in rat brain: microdistribution and differential occupation
    • Reul, J.M.H.M., De Kloet, E.R., Two receptor systems for corticosterone in rat brain: microdistribution and differential occupation. Endocrinology 117 (1985), 2505–2511, 10.1210/endo-117-6-2505.
    • (1985) Endocrinology , vol.117 , pp. 2505-2511
    • Reul, J.M.H.M.1    De Kloet, E.R.2
  • 127
    • 77949368782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive-behavioral treatment for chronic nightmares in trauma-exposed persons: assessing physiological reactions to nightmare-related fear
    • Rhudy, J.L., Davis, J.L., Williams, A.E., McCabe, K.M., Bartley, E.J., Byrd, P.M., Pruiksma, K.E., Cognitive-behavioral treatment for chronic nightmares in trauma-exposed persons: assessing physiological reactions to nightmare-related fear. J. Clin. Psychol. 66 (2010), 365–382, 10.1002/jclp.20656.
    • (2010) J. Clin. Psychol. , vol.66 , pp. 365-382
    • Rhudy, J.L.1    Davis, J.L.2    Williams, A.E.3    McCabe, K.M.4    Bartley, E.J.5    Byrd, P.M.6    Pruiksma, K.E.7
  • 129
    • 17444397415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinct neural signatures for safety and danger in the amygdala and striatum of the mouse
    • Rogan, M.T., Leon, K.S., Perez, D.L., Kandel, E.R., Distinct neural signatures for safety and danger in the amygdala and striatum of the mouse. Neuron 46 (2005), 309–320, 10.1016/j.neuron.2005.02.017.
    • (2005) Neuron , vol.46 , pp. 309-320
    • Rogan, M.T.1    Leon, K.S.2    Perez, D.L.3    Kandel, E.R.4
  • 130
    • 0031050555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basolateral amygdala lesions block the memory-enhancing effect of glucocorticoid administration in the dorsal hippocampus of rats
    • Roozendaal, B., McGaugh, J.L., Basolateral amygdala lesions block the memory-enhancing effect of glucocorticoid administration in the dorsal hippocampus of rats. Eur. J. Neurosci. 9 (1997), 76–83.
    • (1997) Eur. J. Neurosci. , vol.9 , pp. 76-83
    • Roozendaal, B.1    McGaugh, J.L.2
  • 131
    • 0037417896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The hippocampus mediates glucocorticoid-induced impairment of spatial memory retrieval: dependence on the basolateral amygdala
    • Roozendaal, B., Griffith, Q.K., Buranday, J., De Quervain, D.J.-F., McGaugh, J.L., The hippocampus mediates glucocorticoid-induced impairment of spatial memory retrieval: dependence on the basolateral amygdala. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 100 (2003), 1328–1333, 10.1073/pnas.0337480100.
    • (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , vol.100 , pp. 1328-1333
    • Roozendaal, B.1    Griffith, Q.K.2    Buranday, J.3    De Quervain, D.J.-F.4    McGaugh, J.L.5
  • 132
    • 78650249883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of psychophysiological stress reactions during a traumatic reminder in patients treated with EMDR
    • Sack, M., Lempa, W., Lamprecht, F., Assessment of psychophysiological stress reactions during a traumatic reminder in patients treated with EMDR. J. EMDR Pract. Res. 1 (2007), 15–23, 10.1891/1933-3196.1.1.15.
    • (2007) J. EMDR Pract. Res. , vol.1 , pp. 15-23
    • Sack, M.1    Lempa, W.2    Lamprecht, F.3
  • 133
    • 0038337800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The amygdaloid complex: anatomy and physiology
    • Sah, P., Faber, E.S.L., Lopez De Armentia, M., Power, J., The amygdaloid complex: anatomy and physiology. Physiol. Rev. 83 (2003), 803–834, 10.1152/physrev.00002.2003.
    • (2003) Physiol. Rev. , vol.83 , pp. 803-834
    • Sah, P.1    Faber, E.S.L.2    Lopez De Armentia, M.3    Power, J.4
  • 134
    • 0024578542 scopus 로고
    • The incubation theory of fear/anxiety: experimental investigation in a human laboratory model of Pavlovian conditioning
    • Sandin, B., Chorot, P., The incubation theory of fear/anxiety: experimental investigation in a human laboratory model of Pavlovian conditioning. Behav. Res. Ther. 27 (1989), 9–18, 10.1016/0005-7967(89)90114-9.
    • (1989) Behav. Res. Ther. , vol.27 , pp. 9-18
    • Sandin, B.1    Chorot, P.2
  • 135
    • 0036689228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resistance to extinction of conditioned electrodermal responses: a study of the incubation fear hypothesis
    • Sandin, B., Chorot, P., Resistance to extinction of conditioned electrodermal responses: a study of the incubation fear hypothesis. Psychol. Rep. 91 (2002), 37–46, 10.2466/pr0.2002.91.1.37.
    • (2002) Psychol. Rep. , vol.91 , pp. 37-46
    • Sandin, B.1    Chorot, P.2
  • 136
    • 0025485399 scopus 로고
    • Hippocampal damage associated with prolonged glucocorticoid exposure in primates
    • Sapolsky, R.M., Uno, H., Rebert, C.S., Finch, C.E., Hippocampal damage associated with prolonged glucocorticoid exposure in primates. J. Neurosci. 10 (1990), 2897–2902.
    • (1990) J. Neurosci. , vol.10 , pp. 2897-2902
    • Sapolsky, R.M.1    Uno, H.2    Rebert, C.S.3    Finch, C.E.4
  • 137
    • 0034666775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Memory consolidation of auditory pavlovian fear conditioning requires protein synthesis and protein kinase A in the amygdala
    • Schafe, G.E., LeDoux, J.E., Memory consolidation of auditory pavlovian fear conditioning requires protein synthesis and protein kinase A in the amygdala. J. Neurosci., 20, 2000, RC96.
    • (2000) J. Neurosci. , vol.20 , pp. RC96
    • Schafe, G.E.1    LeDoux, J.E.2
  • 138
    • 0035894630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of stress doses of hydrocortisone during septic shock on posttraumatic stress disorder in survivors
    • Schelling, G., Briegel, J., Roozendaal, B., Stoll, C., Rothenhäusler, H.B., Kapfhammer, H.P., The effect of stress doses of hydrocortisone during septic shock on posttraumatic stress disorder in survivors. Biol. Psychiatry 50 (2001), 978–985, 10.1016/S0006-3223(01)01270-7.
    • (2001) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.50 , pp. 978-985
    • Schelling, G.1    Briegel, J.2    Roozendaal, B.3    Stoll, C.4    Rothenhäusler, H.B.5    Kapfhammer, H.P.6
  • 140
    • 0014411414 scopus 로고
    • Amnesia: a function of the temporal relation of footshock to electroconvulsive shock
    • Schneider, A.M., Sherman, W., Amnesia: a function of the temporal relation of footshock to electroconvulsive shock. Science 159 (1968), 219–221, 10.1126/science.159.3811.219.
    • (1968) Science , vol.159 , pp. 219-221
    • Schneider, A.M.1    Sherman, W.2
  • 141
    • 0033953439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Auditory startle response in trauma survivors with posttraumatic stress disorder: a prospective study
    • Shalev, Y.A., Peri, T., Brandes, D., Freedman, S., Orr, S.P., Pitman, R.K., Auditory startle response in trauma survivors with posttraumatic stress disorder: a prospective study. Am. J. Psychiatry 157 (2000), 255–261, 10.1176/appi.ajp.157.2.255.
    • (2000) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.157 , pp. 255-261
    • Shalev, Y.A.1    Peri, T.2    Brandes, D.3    Freedman, S.4    Orr, S.P.5    Pitman, R.K.6
  • 142
    • 0030250535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): evaluation of controlled PTSD research
    • Shapiro, F., Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): evaluation of controlled PTSD research. J. Behav. Ther. Exp. Psychiatry 27 (1996), 209–218.
    • (1996) J. Behav. Ther. Exp. Psychiatry , vol.27 , pp. 209-218
    • Shapiro, F.1
  • 143
    • 0032904368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and the anxiety disorders: clinical and research implications of an integrated psychotherapy treatment
    • Shapiro, F., Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and the anxiety disorders: clinical and research implications of an integrated psychotherapy treatment. J. Anxiety Disord. 13 (1999), 35–67.
    • (1999) J. Anxiety Disord. , vol.13 , pp. 35-67
    • Shapiro, F.1
  • 144
    • 72049085534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neurocircuitry of fear, stress, and anxiety disorders
    • Shin, L.M., Liberzon, I., The neurocircuitry of fear, stress, and anxiety disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology 35 (2010), 169–191, 10.1038/npp.2009.83.
    • (2010) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.35 , pp. 169-191
    • Shin, L.M.1    Liberzon, I.2
  • 147
    • 34247871449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A mouse model of posttraumatic stress disorder that distinguishes between conditioned and sensitised fear
    • Siegmund, A., Wotjak, C.T., A mouse model of posttraumatic stress disorder that distinguishes between conditioned and sensitised fear. J. Psychiatry Res. 41 (2007), 848–860, 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2006.07.017.
    • (2007) J. Psychiatry Res. , vol.41 , pp. 848-860
    • Siegmund, A.1    Wotjak, C.T.2
  • 148
    • 24944450758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bilateral hippocampal volume reduction in adults with post-traumatic stress disorder: a meta-analysis of structural MRI studies
    • Smith, M.E., Bilateral hippocampal volume reduction in adults with post-traumatic stress disorder: a meta-analysis of structural MRI studies. Hippocampus 15 (2005), 798–807, 10.1002/hipo.20102.
    • (2005) Hippocampus , vol.15 , pp. 798-807
    • Smith, M.E.1
  • 149
    • 77953541504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissociating response systems: erasing fear from memory
    • Soeter, M., Kindt, M., Dissociating response systems: erasing fear from memory. Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 94 (2010), 30–41, 10.1016/j.nlm.2010.03.004.
    • (2010) Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. , vol.94 , pp. 30-41
    • Soeter, M.1    Kindt, M.2
  • 150
    • 84856226789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of cortisol in PTSD among women exposed to a trauma-related stressor
    • Stoppelbein, L., Greening, L., Fite, P., The role of cortisol in PTSD among women exposed to a trauma-related stressor. J. Anxiety Disord. 26 (2012), 352–358, 10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.12.004.
    • (2012) J. Anxiety Disord. , vol.26 , pp. 352-358
    • Stoppelbein, L.1    Greening, L.2    Fite, P.3
  • 151
    • 41849116700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noradrenergic dysfunction and the psychopharmacology of posttraumatic stress disorder
    • Strawn, J.R., Geracioti, T.D., Noradrenergic dysfunction and the psychopharmacology of posttraumatic stress disorder. Depress. Anxiety, 2008, 10.1002/da.20292.
    • (2008) Depress. Anxiety
    • Strawn, J.R.1    Geracioti, T.D.2
  • 152
    • 84924539999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prefrontal and auditory input to intercalated neurons of the Amygdala
    • Strobel, C., Marek, R., Gooch, H.M., Sullivan, R.K.P., Sah, P., Prefrontal and auditory input to intercalated neurons of the Amygdala. Cell Rep. 10 (2015), 1435–1442, 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.02.008.
    • (2015) Cell Rep. , vol.10 , pp. 1435-1442
    • Strobel, C.1    Marek, R.2    Gooch, H.M.3    Sullivan, R.K.P.4    Sah, P.5
  • 153
    • 84856263284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contextual control of appetite. Renewal of inhibited food-seeking behavior in sated rats after extinction
    • Todd, T.P., Winterbauer, N.E., Bouton, M.E., Contextual control of appetite. Renewal of inhibited food-seeking behavior in sated rats after extinction. Appetite 58 (2012), 484–489, 10.1016/j.appet.2011.12.006.
    • (2012) Appetite , vol.58 , pp. 484-489
    • Todd, T.P.1    Winterbauer, N.E.2    Bouton, M.E.3
  • 154
    • 0000488331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative efficacy of treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder: a meta-analysis
    • Van Etten, M., Taylor, S., Comparative efficacy of treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder: a meta-analysis. Clin. Psychol. Psychother. 5 (1998), 126–144.
    • (1998) Clin. Psychol. Psychother. , vol.5 , pp. 126-144
    • Van Etten, M.1    Taylor, S.2
  • 155
    • 84902076824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From Pavlov to PTSD: The extinction of conditioned fear in rodents, humans, and anxiety disorders
    • VanElzakker, M.B., Kathryn Dahlgren, M., Caroline Davis, F., Dubois, S., Shin, L.M., From Pavlov to PTSD: The extinction of conditioned fear in rodents, humans, and anxiety disorders. Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 113 (2014), 3–18, 10.1016/j.nlm.2013.11.014.
    • (2014) Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. , vol.113 , pp. 3-18
    • VanElzakker, M.B.1    Kathryn Dahlgren, M.2    Caroline Davis, F.3    Dubois, S.4    Shin, L.M.5
  • 156
    • 84939891938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacotherapy in the aftermath of trauma; opportunities in the golden hours
    • Vermetten, E., Zhohar, J., Krugers, H.J., Pharmacotherapy in the aftermath of trauma; opportunities in the golden hours. Curr. Psychiatry Rep., 16, 2014, 10.1007/s11920-014-0455-y.
    • (2014) Curr. Psychiatry Rep. , vol.16
    • Vermetten, E.1    Zhohar, J.2    Krugers, H.J.3
  • 157
    • 84875892633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fear extinction and relapse: state of the art
    • Vervliet, B., Craske, M.G., Hermans, D., Fear extinction and relapse: state of the art. Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol. 9 (2013), 215–248, 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185542.
    • (2013) Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol. , vol.9 , pp. 215-248
    • Vervliet, B.1    Craske, M.G.2    Hermans, D.3
  • 158
    • 33748471314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microstimulation reveals opposing influences of prelimbic and infralimbic cortex on the expression of conditioned fear
    • Vidal-Gonzalez, I., Vidal-Gonzalez, B., Rauch, S.L., Quirk, G.J., Microstimulation reveals opposing influences of prelimbic and infralimbic cortex on the expression of conditioned fear. Learn. Mem. 13 (2006), 728–733, 10.1101/lm.306106.
    • (2006) Learn. Mem. , vol.13 , pp. 728-733
    • Vidal-Gonzalez, I.1    Vidal-Gonzalez, B.2    Rauch, S.L.3    Quirk, G.J.4
  • 159
    • 33846204750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fear acquisition requires awareness in trace but not delay conditioning
    • Weike, A.I., Schupp, H.T., Hamm, A.O., Fear acquisition requires awareness in trace but not delay conditioning. Psychophysiology 44 (2007), 170–180, 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2006.00469.x.
    • (2007) Psychophysiology , vol.44 , pp. 170-180
    • Weike, A.I.1    Schupp, H.T.2    Hamm, A.O.3
  • 160
    • 34250343415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurobiological alterations associated with traumatic stress
    • Weiss, S.J., Neurobiological alterations associated with traumatic stress. Perspect. Psychiatr. Care 43 (2007), 114–122, 10.1111/j.1744-6163.2007.00120.x.
    • (2007) Perspect. Psychiatr. Care , vol.43 , pp. 114-122
    • Weiss, S.J.1
  • 162
    • 34748854338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response variation following trauma: a translational neuroscience approach to understanding PTSD
    • Yehuda, R., LeDoux, J., Response variation following trauma: a translational neuroscience approach to understanding PTSD. Neuron, 2007, 10.1016/j.neuron.2007.09.006.
    • (2007) Neuron
    • Yehuda, R.1    LeDoux, J.2
  • 163
    • 0029896499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cortisol regulation in posttraumatic stress disorder and major depression: a chronobiological analysis
    • Yehuda, R., Teicher, M.H., Trestman, R.L., Levengood, R.A., Siever, L.J., Cortisol regulation in posttraumatic stress disorder and major depression: a chronobiological analysis. Biol. Psychiatry 40 (1996), 79–88, 10.1016/0006-3223(95)00451-3.
    • (1996) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.40 , pp. 79-88
    • Yehuda, R.1    Teicher, M.H.2    Trestman, R.L.3    Levengood, R.A.4    Siever, L.J.5
  • 164
    • 18044365132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Circadian rhythm of salivary cortisol in Holocaust survivors with and without PTSD
    • Yehuda, R., Golier, J.A., Kaufman, S., Circadian rhythm of salivary cortisol in Holocaust survivors with and without PTSD. Am. J. Psychiatry 162 (2005), 998–1000, 10.1176/appi.ajp.162.5.998.
    • (2005) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.162 , pp. 998-1000
    • Yehuda, R.1    Golier, J.A.2    Kaufman, S.3
  • 165
    • 0037050366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Post-traumatic stress disorder
    • Yehuda, R., Post-traumatic stress disorder. N. Engl. J. Med. 346 (2002), 108–114, 10.1056/NEJMra012941.
    • (2002) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.346 , pp. 108-114
    • Yehuda, R.1
  • 166
    • 80053386486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High dose hydrocortisone immediately after trauma may alter the trajectory of PTSD: interplay between clinical and animal studies
    • Zohar, J., Yahalom, H., Kozlovsky, N., Cwikel-Hamzany, S., Matar, M.A., Kaplan, Z., Yehuda, R., Cohen, H., High dose hydrocortisone immediately after trauma may alter the trajectory of PTSD: interplay between clinical and animal studies. Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol. 21 (2011), 796–809, 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2011.06.001.
    • (2011) Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol. , vol.21 , pp. 796-809
    • Zohar, J.1    Yahalom, H.2    Kozlovsky, N.3    Cwikel-Hamzany, S.4    Matar, M.A.5    Kaplan, Z.6    Yehuda, R.7    Cohen, H.8


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.