Smaller hippocampal volume predicts pathologic vulnerability to psychological trauma

Nature Neuroscience

Volumn 5, Issue 11, 2002, Pages 1242-1247

  Gilbertson, Mark W ^a,b   Shenton, Martha E ^b,c,d   Ciszewski, Aleksandra ^d   Kasai, Kiyoto ^d   Lasko, Natasha B ^a,b,e   Orr, Scott P ^a,b,e   Pitman, Roger K ^b,e  

^a Manchester VA Medical Center   (United States)

^b HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^c VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^d BRIGHAM AND WOMEN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

^e MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; BRAIN INJURY; BRAIN SIZE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE PREDISPOSITION; DISEASE SEVERITY; HIPPOCAMPUS; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MONOZYGOTIC TWINS; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PATHOLOGY; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; STRESS;

ALCOHOLISM; COMBAT DISORDERS; COMORBIDITY; HIPPOCAMPUS; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; RISK FACTORS; STRESS DISORDERS, POST-TRAUMATIC; SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS; TWINS, MONOZYGOTIC;

EID: 0036830012     PISSN: 10976256     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nn958     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Sapolsky, R. M., Uno, H., Rebert, C. S. & Finch, C. E. Hippocampal damage associated with prolonged glucocorticoid exposure in primates. J. Neurosci. 10, 2897-2902 (1990).
2. McEwen, B. S. in The Cognitive Neurosciences (ed. Gazzaniga, M. S.) 1117-1135 (MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1995).
3. Squire, L. R. Memory and the hippocampus: a synthesis from findings with rats, monkeys, and humans. Psychol. Rev. 99, 195-231 (1992).
4. Zola-Morgan, S. & Squire, L. R. Neuroanatomy of memory. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 16, 547-563 (1993).
5. Bremner, J. D. et al. MRI-based measurements of hippocampal volume in combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Am. J. Psychiatry 152, 973-978 (1995).
6. Gurvits, T. V. et al. Magnetic resonance imaging study of hippocampal volume in chronic, combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol. Psychiatry 40, 1091-1099 (1996).
7. Bremner, J. D. et al. Magnetic resonance imaging-based measurement of hippocampal volume in posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood physical and sexual abuse: A preliminary report. Biol. Psychiatry 41, 23-32 (1997).
8. Stein, M. B., Koverola, C., Hanna, C., Torchia, M. G. & McClarty, B. Hippocampal volume in women victimized by childhood sexual abuse. Psychol. Med. 27, 951-959 (1997).
9. Pitman, R. K. Hippocampal diminution in PTSD: More (or less?) than meets the eye. Hippocampus 11, 73-74 (2001).
10. Bremner, J. D. Hypotheses and controversies related to effects of stress on the hippocampus: An argument for stress-induced damage to the hippocampus in patients with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Hippocampus 11, 75-81 (2001).
11. McEwen, B. S. Commentary on PTSD discussion. Hippocampus 11, 82-84 (2001).
12. Yehuda, R. Are glucocortoids responsible for putative hippocampal damage in PTSD? How and when to decide. Hippocampus 11, 85-89 (2001).
13. Kulka, R. A. et al. Trauma and the Vietnam War Generation: Report of Findings from the National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment Study (Brunner/Mazel, New York, 1990).
14. Kessler, R. C., Sonnega, A., Bromet, E., Huges, M. & Nelson, C. B. Posttraumatic stress disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 52, 1048-1060 (1995).
15. Crusio, W. E., Schwegler, H. & van Abeelen, J. H. F. Behavioral responses to novelty and structural variation of the hippocampus in mice. II. Multivariate genetic analysis. Behav. Brain Res. 32, 81-88 (1989).
16. Wimer, C. C., Wimer, R. E. & Roderick, T. H. Some behavioral differences associated with relative size ofhippocampus in the mouse. J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 76, 57-65 (1971).
17. Schwegler, H. & Lipp, H. P. Hereditary covariations of neuronal circuitry and behavior: Correlations between the proportions of hippocampal synaptic fields in the regio inferior and two-way avoidance in mice and rats. Behav. Brain Res. 7, 1-38 (1983).
18. Lyons, D. M., Yang, C., Sawyer-Glover, A. M., Moseley, M. E. & Schatzberg, A. F. Early life stress and inherited variation in monkey hippocampal volumes. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 58, 1145-1151 (2001).
19. Freeman, T. W., Cardwell, D., Karson, C. N. & Komoroski, R. A. In vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the medial temporal lobes of subjects with combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Magn. Reson. Med. 40, 66-71 (1998).
20. Schuff, N. et al. Reduced hippocampal volume and n-acetyl aspartate in posttraumatic stress disorder. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 821, 516-520 (1997).
21. Keane, T. M. & Kaloupek, D. G. Comorbid psychiatric disorders in PTSD: Implications for research. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 821, 24-34 (1997).
22. Bremner, J. et al. Hippocampal volume reduction in major depression. Am. J. Psychiatry 157, 115-127 (2000).
23. Laakso, M. P. et al. A volumetric MRI study of the hippocampus in type 1 and 2 alcoholism. Behav. Brain Res. 109, 177-186 (2000).
24. Sheline, Y., Sanghavi, M., Mintin, M. & Gado, M. Depression duration but not age predicts hippocampal volume loss in medical healthy women with recurrent major depression. J. Neurosci. 19, 5034-5041 (1999).
25. De Bellis, M. D. et al. Hippocampal volume in adolescent-onset alcohol use disorders. Am. J. Psychiatry 157, 737-744 (2000).
26. Miller, G. A. & Chapman, J. P. Misunderstanding analysis of covariance. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 110, 40-48 (2001).
27. De Bellis, M. D. et al. Developmental traumatology part II: brain development. Biol. Psychiatry 45, 1271-1284 (1999).
28. Schuff, N. et al. Decreased hippocampal n-acetylaspartate in the absence of atrophy in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Biol. Psychiatry 50, 952-959 (2001).
29. Bonne, O. et al. Longitudinal MRI study of hippocampal volume in trauma survivors with PTSD. Am. J. Psychiatry 158, 1248-1251 (2001).
30. Breslau, N. & Davis, G. C. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in an urban population of young adults: Risk factors for chronicity. Am. J. Psychiatry 149, 671-675 (1992).
31. Mellman, T. A., Randolph, C. A., Brawman-Mintzer, O., Flores, L. P. & Milanes, F. J. Phenomenology and course of psychiatric disorders associated with combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Am. J. Psychiatry 149, 1568-1574 (1992).
32. Selden, N. R. W., Everitt B. J., Jarrard, L. E. & Robbins, T. W. Complementary roles for amygdala and hippocampus in aversive conditioning to explicit and contextual cues. Neuroscience 42, 335-350 (1991).
33. Phillips, R. G. & LeDoux, J. E. Differential contribution of amygdala and hippocampus to cued and contextual fear conditioning. Behav. Neurosci. 106, 274-285 (1992).
34. Falls, W. A. & Davis, M. in Neurobiological and Clinical Consequences of Stress: From Normal Adaptation to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (eds. Friedman, D. J., Charney, D. S. & Deutch, A.Y.) 177-202 (Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, 1995).
35. Antelman, S. M. & Brown, T. S. Hippocampal lesions and shuttlebox avoidance behavior: A fear hypothesis. Physiol. Behav. 9, 15-20 (1972).
36. Orr, S. P. et al. De novo conditioning in trauma-exposed individuals with and without posttraumatic stress disorder. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 109, 290-298 (2000).
37. Wimer, R. E. & Wimer, C. C. A biometrical-genetic analysis of granule cell number in the area dentata of house mice. Brain Res. 254, 129-140 (1981).
38. Beck, K. D., Powell-Braxton, L., Widmer, H. R., Vlaverde, J. & Hefti, F. Igfl gene disruption results in reduced brain size, CNS hypomyelination, and loss of hippocampal granule and striatal parvalbumin-containing neurons. Neuron 14, 717-730 (1995).
39. Pennington, B. F. et al. A twin MRI study of size variations in the human brain. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 12, 223-232 (2000).
40. Thompson, P. M. et al. Genetic influences on brain structure. Nat. Neurosci. 4, 1253-1258 (2001).
41. Eisen, S., Neuman, R., Goldberg, J., Rice, J. & True, W. Determining zygosity in the Vietnam Era Twin Registry: An approach using questionnaires. Clin. Genet. 35, 423-432 (1989).
42. Janes, G. R., Goldberg, J., Eisen, S. A. & True, W. R. Reliability and validity of a combat exposure index for Vietnam era veterans. J. Clin. Psychol. 47, 80-86 (1991).
43. Eisen, S. A., True, W. R., Goldberg, J., Henderson, W. & Robinette, C. D. The Vietnam Era Twin (VET) Registry: Method of construction. Acta Geneticae Medicae et Gemellologiae (Roma) 36, 61-66 (1987).
44. Henderson, W. G. et al. The Vietnam Era Twin Registry: A resource for medical research. Public Health Rep. 105, 368-373 (1990).
45. Orr, S. P. et al. Physiologic responses to sudden, loud tones in monozygotic twins discordant for combat exposure: association with PTSD. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry (in press).
46. Blake, D. D. et al. The development of a clinician-administered PTSD scale. J. Trauma. Stress 8, 75-90 (1995).
47. First, M. B., Spitzer, R. L., Gibbon, M. & Williams, J. B. W. Structured Clinical Interview for Axis I DSM-IV Disorders, Version 2.0 (Biometrics Research Department, New York, 1994).
48. Selzer, M. L. The Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test: The quest for a new diagnostic instrument. Am. J. Psychiatry 127, 1653-1658 (1971).
49. Shenton, M. A. et al. Abnormalities of the left temporal lobe and thought disorder in schizophrenia: A quantitative magnetic resonance imagery study. N. Engl. J. Med. 327, 604-612 (1992).
50. Weathers, F. W., Ruscio, A. M. & Keane, T. M. Psychometric properties of nine scoring rules for the Clinican-Administered Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Scale. Psychol. Assess. 11, 124-133 (1999).