Telomerase as a cancer target. Development of new molecules

Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry

Volumn 16, Issue 22, 2016, Pages 2432-2440

  Mengual Gomez, D L ^a   Armando, R G ^a   Cerrudo, C S ^a   Ghiringhelli, P D ^a   Gomez, D E ^a  

^a UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE QUILMES   (Argentina)

Author keywords

Cancer; Clinical trials; Inhibitor; Preclinical; Telomerase; Telomere

Indexed keywords

ALPHA FETOPROTEIN; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; ASCIDIDEMIN; DISTAMYCIN A; FAMCICLOVIR; FLUOROURACIL; GANCICLOVIR; GELDANAMYCIN; HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN 90; IMETELSTAT; MESSENGER RNA; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE; PACLITAXEL; PENCICLOVIR; PROTEIN P53; QUARFLOXIN; RUBOMYCIN; TANESPIMYCIN; TELOMERASE; TELOMERIC REPEAT BINDING FACTOR 1; TELOMERIC REPEAT BINDING FACTOR 2; TELOMESTATIN; VALACICLOVIR; VALGANCICLOVIR; ZIDOVUDINE; ENZYME INHIBITOR;

APOPTOSIS; ARTICLE; CELL DEATH; CHROMOSOME; DRUG DESIGN; ENZYME ACTIVITY; GENE OVEREXPRESSION; GENE THERAPY; HUMAN; IMMUNOTHERAPY; MITOSIS; NEOPLASM; NONHUMAN; PHASE 1 CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); PHASE 2 CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); PHASE 3 CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); PROTEIN EXPRESSION; SENESCENCE; TELOMERE; TELOMERE SHORTENING; TUMOR CELL; DRUG EFFECTS; ENZYMOLOGY; NEOPLASMS;

ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS; ENZYME INHIBITORS; HUMANS; NEOPLASMS; TELOMERASE; TELOMERE;

EID: 84979081096     PISSN: 15680266     EISSN: 18734294     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/1568026616666160212122425     Document Type: Article

References (101)

1. Greider, C.W.; Blackburn, E.H. Identification of a specific telomere terminal transferase activity in Tetrahymena extracts. Cell, 1985, 43(2 Pt 1), 405-413.
2. Kim, N.W.; Piatyszek, M.A.; Prowse, K.R.; Harley, C.B.; West, M.D.; Ho, P.L.; Coviello, G.M.; Wright, W.E.; Weinrich, S.L.; Shay, J.W. Specific association of human telomerase activity with immortal cells and cancer. Science, 1994, 266(5193), 2011-2015.
3. Mocellin, S.; Pooley, K.A.; Nitti, D. Telomerase and the search for the end of cancer. Trends Mol. Med, 2013, 19(2), 125-133.
4. Giraud-Panis, M-J.; Pisano, S.; Poulet, A.; Le Du, M-H.; Gilson, E. Structural identity of telomeric complexes. FEBS Lett, 2010, 584(17), 3785-3799.
5. Nersisyan, L.; Arakelyan, A. Computel: computation of mean telomere length from whole-genome next-generation sequencing data. PLoS One, 2015, 10(4), e0125201.
6. Meyne, J.; Ratliff, R.L.; Moyzis, R.K. Conservation of the human telomere sequence (TTAGGG)n among vertebrates. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1989, 86(18), 7049-7053.
7. Wright, W.E.; Tesmer, V.M.; Huffman, K.E.; Levene, S.D.; Shay, J.W. Normal human chromosomes have long G-rich telomeric overhangs at one end. Genes Dev, 1997, 11(21), 2801-2809.
8. Hänsel, R.; Löhr, F.; Foldynová-Trantírková, S.; Bamberg, E.; Trantírek, L.; Dötsch, V. The parallel G-quadruplex structure of vertebrate telomeric repeat sequences is not the preferred folding topology under physiological conditions. Nucleic Acids Res, 2011, 39(13), 5768-5775.
9. Gomez, D.E.; Armando, R.G.; Farina, H.G.; Menna, P.L.; Cerrudo, C.S.; Ghiringhelli, P.D.; Alonso, D.F. Telomere structure and telomerase in health and disease (review). Int. J. Oncol, 2012, 41(5), 1561-1569. [review].
10. Palm, W.; de Lange, T. How shelterin protects mammalian telomeres. Annu. Rev. Genet, 2008, 42, 301-334.
11. Martínez, P.; Blasco, M.A. Telomeric and extra-telomeric roles for telomerase and the telomere-binding proteins. Nat. Rev. Cancer, 2011, 11(3), 161-176.
12. Smogorzewska, A.; van Steensel, B.; Bianchi, A.; Oelmann, S.; Schaefer, M.R.; Schnapp, G.; de Lange, T. Control of human telomere length by TRF1 and TRF2. Mol. Cell. Biol, 2000, 20(5), 1659-1668.
13. van Steensel, B.; de Lange, T. Control of telomere length by the human telomeric protein TRF1. Nature, 1997, 385(6618), 740-743.
14. Lee, C.C.; Huang, T.S. A novel topoisomerase II poison GL331 preferentially induces DNA cleavage at (C/G)T sites and can cause telomere DNA damage. Pharm. Res, 2001, 18(6), 846-851.
15. Tejera, A.M.; Stagno d’Alcontres, M.; Thanasoula, M.; Marion, R.M.; Martinez, P.; Liao, C.; Flores, J.M.; Tarsounas, M.; Blasco, M.A. TPP1 is required for TERT recruitment, telomere elongation during nuclear reprogramming, and normal skin development in mice. Dev. Cell, 2010, 18(5), 775-789.
16. Schoeftner, S.; Blasco, M.A. Developmentally regulated transcription of mammalian telomeres by DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II. Nat. Cell Biol, 2008, 10(2), 228-236.
17. Nergadze, S.G.; Farnung, B.O.; Wischnewski, H.; Khoriauli, L.; Vitelli, V.; Chawla, R.; Giulotto, E.; Azzalin, C.M. CpG-island promoters drive transcription of human telomeres. RNA, 2009, 15(12), 2186-2194.
18. Hsiao, S.J.; Smith, S. Tankyrase function at telomeres, spindle poles, and beyond. Biochimie, 2008, 90(1), 83-92.
19. Chen, Y.; Yang, Y.; van Overbeek, M.; Donigian, J.R.; Baciu, P.; de Lange, T.; Lei, M. A shared docking motif in TRF1 and TRF2 used for differential recruitment of telomeric proteins. Science, 2008, 319(5866), 1092-1096.
20. Zhou, X.Z.; Lu, K.P. The Pin2/TRF1-interacting protein PinX1 is a potent telomerase inhibitor. Cell, 2001, 107(3), 347-359.
21. Kibe, T.; Osawa, G.A.; Keegan, C.E.; de Lange, T. Telomere protection by TPP1 is mediated by POT1a and POT1b. Mol. Cell. Biol., 2010, 30(4), 1059-1066.
22. Fu, D.; Collins, K. Purification of human telomerase complexes identifies factors involved in telomerase biogenesis and telomere length regulation. Mol. Cell, 2007, 28(5), 773-785.
23. Rubtsova, M.P. Vasilkova, D.P.; Malyavko, A.N.; Naraikina, Yu.V., Zvereva, M.I.; Dontsova. O.A. Telomere Lengthening and Other Functions of Telomerase. Acta Naturae, 2012, 4(2), 44-61.
24. Olivero, O.A.; Poirier, M.C. Preferential incorporation of 3′-azido-2′,3′-dideoxythymidine into telomeric DNA and Z-DNA-containing regions of Chinese hamster ovary cells. Mol. Carcinog, 1993, 8(2), 81-88.
25. Gomez, D.; Kassim, A.; Olivero, O. Preferential incorporation of 3′-azido-2′,3′-dideoxythymidine (azt) in telomeric sequences of cho cells. Int. J. Oncol, 1995, 7(5), 1057-1060.
26. Strahl, C.; Blackburn, E.H. Effects of reverse transcriptase inhibitors on telomere length and telomerase activity in two immortalized human cell lines. Mol. Cell. Biol, 1996, 16(1), 53-65.
27. Yegorov, Y.E.; Chernov, D.N.; Akimov, S.S.; Bolsheva, N.L.; Krayevsky, A.A.; Zelenin, A.V. Reverse transcriptase inhibitors suppress telomerase function and induce senescence-like processes in cultured mouse fibroblasts. FEBS Lett, 1996, 389(2), 115-118.
28. Gomez, D.E.; Tejera, A.M.; Olivero, O.A. Irreversible telomere shortening by 3′-azido-2′,3′-dideoxythymidine (AZT) treatment. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun, 1998, 246(1), 107-110.
29. Multani, A.S.; Furlong, C.; Pathak, S. Reduction of telomeric signals in murine melanoma and human breast cancer cell lines treated with 3′-azido-2′-3′-dideoxythymidine. Int. J. Oncol, 1998, 13(5), 923-925.
30. Murakami, J.; Nagai, N.; Shigemasa, K.; Ohama, K. Inhibition of telomerase activity and cell proliferation by a reverse transcriptase inhibitor in gynaecological cancer cell lines. Eur. J. Cancer, 1999, 35(6), 1027-1034.
31. Johnston, J.S.; Johnson, A.; Gan, Y.; Wientjes, M.G.; Au, J.L. Synergy between 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine and paclitaxel in human pharynx FaDu cells. Pharm. Res, 2003, 20(7), 957-961.
32. Brown, T.; Sigurdson, E.; Rogatko, A.; Broccoli, D. Telomerase inhibition using azidothymidine in the HT-29 colon cancer cell line. Ann. Surg. Oncol, 2003, 10(8), 910-915.
33. Tejera, A.M.; Alonso, D.F.; Gomez, D.E.; Olivero, O.A. Chronic in vitro exposure to 3′-azido-2′, 3′-dideoxythymidine induces senescence and apoptosis and reduces tumorigenicity of metastatic mouse mammary tumor cells. Breast Cancer Res. Treat, 2001, 65, 93-99. Jeng et al, 2011
34. Datta, A.; Bellon, M.; Sinha-Datta, U.; Bazarbachi, A.; Lepelletier, Y.; Canioni, D.; Waldmann, T.A.; Hermine, O.; Nicot, C. Persistent inhibition of telomerase reprograms adult T-cell leukemia to p53-dependent senescence. Blood, 2006, 108(3), 1021-1029.
35. Falcone, A.; Lencioni, M.; Brunetti, I.; Pfanner, E.; Allegrini, G.; Antonuzzo, A.; Andreuccetti, M.; Malvaldi, G.; Danesi, R.; Del Tacca, M.; Conte, P.F. Maximum tolerable doses of intravenous zidovudine in combination with 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin in metastatic colorectal cancer patients. Clinical evidence of significant antitumor activity and enhancement of zidovudine-induced DNA single strand breaks in peripheral nuclear blood cells. Ann. Oncol, 1997, 8(6), 539-545.
36. Jordheim, L.P.; Durantel, D.; Zoulim, F.; Dumontet, C. Advances in the development of nucleoside and nucleotide analogues for cancer and viral diseases. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov, 2013, 12(6), 447-464.
37. Hukezalie, K.R.; Thumati, N.R.; Côté, H.C.; Wong, J.M. In vitro and ex vivo inhibition of human telomerase by anti-HIV nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) but not by non-NRTIs. PLoS One, 2012, 7(11), e47505.
38. Yamaguchi, T.; Takahashi, H.; Jinmei, H.; Takayama, Y.; Saneyoshi, M. Inhibition of vertebrate telomerases by the triphosphate derivatives of some biologically active nucleosides. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids, 2003, 22(5-8), 1575-1577, 1575-1577.
39. Yamaguchi, T.; Liu, X.; Ogawara, T.; Inomata, M.; Saneyoshi, M. Telomerase inhibition by 3′-azido-2′, 3′-dideoxynucleoside 5′- triphosphates and telomere shortening in human cultured cells by the corresponding nucleosides. Nucleic Acids Symp Ser (Oxf), 2006, 50(50), 271-272.
40. Tendian, S.W.; Parker, W.B. Interaction of deoxyguanosine nucleotide analogs with human telomerase. Mol. Pharmacol, 2000, 57(4), 695-699.
41. Hájek, M.; Matulová, N.; Votruba, I.; Holý, A.; Tloust’ová, E. Inhibition of human telomerase by diphosphates of acyclic nucleoside phosphonates. Biochem. Pharmacol, 2005, 70(6), 894-900.
42. Bondarev, I. Pharmacological modulation of telomere length in cancer cells for prevention and treatment of cancer. U.S. Patent 8609623 B2 2006 May 18;
43. Liu, X.; Takahashi, H.; Harada, Y.; Ogawara, T.; Ogimura, Y.; Mizushina, Y.; Saneyoshi, M.; Yamaguchi, T. 3′-Azido-2′,3′- dideoxynucleoside 5′-triphosphates inhibit telomerase activity in vitro, and the corresponding nucleosides cause telomere shortening in human HL60 cells. Nucleic Acids Res, 2007, 35(21), 7140-7149.
44. Fletcher, T.M.; Cathers, B.E.; Ravikumar, K.S.; Mamiya, B.M.; Kerwin, S.M. Inhibition of human telomerase by 7-deaza-2′- deoxyguanosine nucleoside triphosphate analogs: potent inhibition by 6-thio-7-deaza-2′-deoxyguanosine 5′-triphosphate. Bioorg. Chem, 2001, 29(1), 36-55.
45. Fletcher, T.M.; Salazar, M.; Chen, S.F. Human telomerase inhibition by 7-deaza-2′-deoxypurine nucleoside triphosphates. Biochemistry, 1996, 35(49), 15611-15617.
46. Feng, J.; Funk, W.D.; Wang, S.S.; Weinrich, S.L.; Avilion, A.A.; Chiu, C.P.; Adams, R.R.; Chang, E.; Allsopp, R.C.; Yu, J.; Allsopp, R.C. The RNA component of human telomerase. Science, 1995, 269(5228), 1236-1241.
47. Cunningham, A.P.; Love, W.K.; Zhang, R.W.; Andrews, L.G.; Tollefsbol, T.O. Telomerase inhibition in cancer therapeutics: mo lecular-based approaches. Curr. Med. Chem, 2006, 13(24), 2875-2888.
48. Islam, M.A.; Thomas, S.D.; Murty, V.V.; Sedoris, K.J.; Miller, D.M. c-Myc quadruplex-forming sequence Pu-27 induces extensive damage in both telomeric and nontelomeric regions of DNA. J. Biol. Chem, 2014, 289(12), 8521-8531.
49. Pascolo, E.; Wenz, C.; Lingner, J.; Hauel, N.; Priepke, H.; Kauffmann, I. GarinChesa P.; Rettig, W.J.; Damm, K.; Schnapp, A. Mechanism of human telomerase inhibition by BIRB1532, a synthetic, non-nucleosidic drug candidate. J. Biol. Chem, 2002, 277, 15566-15572.
50. Tahtouh, R.; Azzi, A-S.; Alaaeddine, N.; Chamat, S.; Bouharoun-Tayoun, H.; Wardi, L.; Raad, I.; Sarkis, R.; Antoun, N.A.; Hilal, G. Telomerase inhibition decreases alpha-fetoprotein expression and secretion by hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines: in vitro and in vivo study. PLoS One, 2015, 10(3), e0119512.
51. Wardi, L.; Alaaeddine, N.; Raad, I.; Sarkis, R.; Serhal, R.; Khalil, C.; Hilal, G. Glucose restriction decreases telomerase activity and enhances its inhibitor response on breast cancer cells: possible extra- telomerase role of BIBR 1532. Cancer Cell Int, 2014, 14, 60.
52. Kim, M-Y.; Vankayalapati, H.; Shin-Ya, K.; Wierzba, K.; Hurley, L.H. Telomestatin, a potent telomerase inhibitor that interacts quite specifically with the human telomeric intramolecular g-quadruplex. J. Am. Chem. Soc, 2002, 124(10), 2098-2099.
53. Gomez, D.; O’Donohue, M-F.; Wenner, T.; Douarre, C.; Macadré, J.; Koebel, P.; Giraud-Panis, M.J.; Kaplan, H.; Kolkes, A.; Shinya, K.; Riou, J.F. The G-quadruplex ligand telomestatin inhibits POT1 binding to telomeric sequences in vitro and induces GFP-POT1 dissociation from telomeres in human cells. Cancer Res, 2006, 66(14), 6908-6912.
54. Taetz, S.; Baldes, C.; Mürdter, T.E.; Kleideiter, E.; Piotrowska, K.; Bock, U.; Haltner-Ukomadu, E.; Mueller, J.; Huwer, H.; Schaefer, U.F.; Klotz, U.; Lehr, C.M. Biopharmaceutical characterization of the telomerase inhibitor BRACO19. Pharm. Res, 2006, 23(5), 1031-1037.
55. Granzhan, A.; Monchaud, D.; Saettel, N.; Guédin, A.; Mergny, J-L.; Marie-Paule Teulade-Fichou, M-P. "One Ring to Bind Them All"-Part II: Identification of Promising G-Quadruplex Ligands by Screening of Cyclophane-Type Macrocycles Journal of Nucleic Acids. 2010, [2010], 460561, 1-19. doi: 10.4061/2010/525862.
56. Chung, W.J.; Heddi, B.; Tera, M.; Iida, K.; Nagasawa, K.; Phan, A.T. Solution structure of an intramolecular (3 + 1) human telomeric G-quadruplex bound to a telomestatin derivative. J. Am. Chem. Soc, 2013, 135(36), 13495-13501.
57. Kim, S.J.; McAlpine, S.R. Solid phase versus solution phase synthesis of heterocyclic macrocycles. Molecules, 2013, 18(1), 1111-1121.
58. Cocco, M.J.; Hanakahi, L.A.; Huber, M.D.; Maizels, N. Specific interactions of distamycin with G-quadruplex DNA. Nucleic Acids Res, 2003, 31(11), 2944-2951.
59. Zaffaroni, N.; Lualdi, S.; Villa, R.; Bellarosa, D.; Cermele, C.; Felicetti, P.; Rossi, C.; Orlandi, L.; Daidone, M.G. Inhibition of telomerase activity by a distamycin derivative: effects on cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis in human cancer cells. Eur. J. Cancer, 2002, 38(13), 1792-1801.
60. Moore, M.J.; Cuenca, F.; Searcey, M.; Neidle, S. Synthesis of distamycin A polyamides targeting G-quadruplex DNA. Org. Biomol. Chem, 2006, 4(18), 3479-3488.
61. Drygin, D.; Siddiqui-Jain, A.; O’Brien, S.; Schwaebe, M.; Lin, A.; Bliesath, J.; Ho, C.B.; Proffitt, C.; Trent, K.; Whitten, J.P.; Lim, J.K.; Von Hoff, D.; Anderes, K.; Rice, W.G. Anticancer activity of CX-3543: a direct inhibitor of rRNA biogenesis. Cancer Res., 2009, 69(19), 7653-7661.
62. Phatak, P.; Burger, A.M. Telomerase and its potential for therapeutic intervention. Br. J. Pharmacol, 2007, 152(7), 1003-1011.
63. Guittat, L.; De Cian, A.; Rosu, F.; Gabelica, V.; De Pauw, E.; Delfourne, E.; Mergny, J.L. Ascididemin and meridine stabilise Gquadruplexes and inhibit telomerase in vitro. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 2005, 1724(3), 375-384.
64. Zhang, W.J.; Oua, T-M.; Lua, Y-J.; Huanga, Y-Y.; Wua, W-B.; Huanga, Z-S.; Zhoua, J-L.; Wongc, K-Y.; Gua, L-Q. 9-Substituted berberine derivatives as G-quadruplex stabilizing ligands in telomeric DNA Bioorganic &. Med. Chem, 2007, 15(16), 5493-5501.
65. Zhou, W-J.; Deng, R.; Zhang, X-Y.; Feng, G-K.; Gu, L-Q.; Zhu, X.F. G-quadruplex ligand SYUIQ-5 induces autophagy by telomere damage and TRF2 delocalization in cancer cells. Mol. Cancer Ther, 2009, 8(12), 3203-3213.
66. Grand, C.L.; Han, H.; Muñoz, R.M.; Weitman, S.; Von Hoff, D.D.; Hurley, L.H.; Bearss, D.J. The cationic porphyrin TMPyP4 downregulates c-MYC and human telomerase reverse transcriptase expression and inhibits tumor growth in vivo. Mol. Cancer Ther., 2002, 1(8), 565-573.
67. Klebanoff, C.A.; Acquavella, N.; Yu, Z.; Restifo, N.P. Therapeutic cancer vaccines: are we there yet? Immunol. Rev, 2011, 239(1), 27-44.
68. Buseman, C.M.; Wright, W.E.; Shay, J.W. Is telomerase a viable target in cancer? Mutat. Res, 2012, 730(1-2), 90-97.
69. Vetsika, E.K.; Konsolakis, G.; Aggouraki, D.; Kotsakis, A.; Papadimitraki, E.; Christou, S.; Menez-Jamet, J.; Kosmatopoulos, K.; Georgoulias, V.; Mavroudis, D. Immunological responses in cancer patients after vaccination with the therapeutic telomerase-specific vaccine Vx-001. Cancer Immunol. Immunother, 2012, 61(2), 157-168.
70. Engell-Noerregaard, L.; Hansen, T.H.; Met, Ö.; Andersen, M.H.; Svane, I.M.; Andersen, M.H. Dendritic Cells Transfected with mRNA for p53, Survivin and hTERT as Treatment for Patients With Malignant Melanoma or Breast Cancer-A Phase I Study. J. Immunother, 2010, 33(8), 876.
71. Mocellin, S.; Pooley, K.A.; Nitti, D. Telomerase and the search for the end of cancer. Trends Mol. Med, 2013, 19(2), 125-133.
72. Minev, B.; Hipp, J.; Firat, H.; Schmidt, J.D.; Langlade-Demoyen, P.; Zanetti, M. Cytotoxic T cell immunity against telomerase reverse transcriptase in humans. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2000, 97(9), 4796-4801.
73. Cortez-Gonzalez, X.; Zanetti, M. Telomerase immunity from bench to bedside: round one. J. Transl. Med, 2007, 5, 12.
74. Kotsakis, E-K.; Vetsika, S.; Christou, D.; Hatzidaki, N.; Vardakis, D.; Aggouraki, G.; Konsolakis, V.; Georgoulias, C.; Christophyllakis, P. Cordopatis; K. Kosmatopoulos, K.; Mavroudis, D. Clinical outcome of patients with various advanced cancer types vaccinated with an optimized cryptic human telomerase reverse transcriptase [TERT] peptide: results of an expanded phase II study. Ann. Oncol, 2011, 22(8), 1736-1747.
75. Georgoulias, V.; Douillard, J.Y.; Khayat, D.; Manegold, C.; Rosell, R.; Rossi, A.; Menez-Jamet, J.; Iché, M.; Kosmatopoulos, K.; Gridelli, C. A multicenter randomized phase IIb efficacy study of Vx-001, a peptide-based cancer vaccine as maintenance treatment in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: treatment rationale and protocol dynamics. Clin. Lung Cancer, 2013, 14(4), 461-465.
76. Fenoglio, D.; Parodi, A.; Lavieri, R.; Kalli, F.; Ferrera, F.; Tagliamacco, A.; Guastalla, A.; Lamperti, M.G.; Giacomini, M.; Filaci, G. Immunogenicity of GX301 cancer vaccine: Four (telomerase peptides) are better than one. Hum. Vaccin. Immunother, 2015, 11(4), 838-850.
77. Marian, C.O.; Cho, S.K.; McEllin, B.M.; Maher, E.A.; Hatanpaa, K.J.; Madden, C.J.; Mickey, B.E.; Wright, W.E.; Shay, J.W.; Bachoo, R.M. The telomerase antagonist, imetelstat, efficiently targets glioblastoma tumor-initiating cells leading to decreased proliferation and tumor growth. Clin. Cancer Res, 2010, 16(1), 154-163.
78. Ruden, M.; Puri, N. Novel anticancer therapeutics targeting telomerase. Cancer Treat. Rev, 2013, 39(5), 444-456.
79. Schepelmann, S.; Ogilvie, L.M.; Hedley, D.; Friedlos, F.; Martin, J.; Scanlon, I.; Chen, P.; Marais, R.; Springer, C.J. Suicide gene therapy of human colon carcinoma xenografts using an armed oncolytic adenovirus expressing carboxypeptidase G2. Cancer Res., 2007, 67(10), 4949-4955.
80. Nemunaitis, J.; Tong, A.W.; Nemunaitis, M.; Senzer, N.; Phadke, A.P.; Bedell, C.; Adams, N.; Zhang, Y.A.; Maples, P.B.; Chen, S.; Pappen, B.; Burke, J.; Ichimaru, D.; Urata, Y.; Fujiwara, T. A phase I study of telomerase-specific replication competent oncolytic adenovirus (telomelysin) for various solid tumors. Mol. Ther., 2010, 18(2), 429-434.
81. Picard, D. Intracellular dynamics of the Hsp90 co-chaperone p23 is dictated by Hsp90. Exp. Cell Res, 2006, 312(2), 198-204.
82. Ning, X.; Yang, S.; Wang, R.; Zhang, R.; Guo, L.; Tie, J.; Cheng, Y.; Wang, G.; Wan, S.; Fang, D. POT1 deficiency alters telomere length and telomere-associated gene expression in human gastric cancer cells. Eur. J. Cancer Prev, 2010, 19(5), 345-351.
83. Kiran, K.G.; Palaniswamy, M.; Angayarkanni, J. Human telomerase inhibitors from microbial source. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 2015, 31(9), 1329-1341.
84. Wei, C.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, M. Synthesis and binding studies of novel di-substituted phenanthroline compounds with genomic promoter and human telomeric DNA G-quadruplexes. Org. Biomol. Chem, 2013, 11(14), 2355-2364.
85. Ueno, T.; Takahashi, H.; Oda, M.; Mizunuma, M.; Yokoyama, A.; Goto, Y.; Mizushina, Y.; Sakaguchi, K.; Hayashi, H. Inhibition of human telomerase by rubromycins: implication of spiroketal system of the compounds as an active moiety. Biochemistry, 2000, 39(20), 5995-6002.
86. Togashi, K.; Ko, H-R.; Ahn, J.S.; Osada, H. Inhibition of telomerase activity by fungus metabolites, CRM646-A and thielavin B. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem, 2001, 65(3), 651-653.
87. Tabata, Y.; Ikegami, S.; Yaguchi, T.; Sasaki, T.; Hoshiko, S.; Sakuma, S.; Shin-Ya, K.; Seto, H. Diazaphilonic acid, a new azaphilone with telomerase inhibitory activity. J. Antibiot, 1999, 52(4), 412-414.
88. Mizushina, Y.; Takeuchi, T.; Sugawara, F.; Yoshida, H. Anticancer targeting telomerase inhibitors: β-rubromycin and oleic acid. Mini Rev. Med. Chem, 2012, 12(11), 1135-1143.
89. Huang, P.R.; Yeh, Y.M.; Wang, T.C. Potent inhibition of human telomerase by helenalin. Cancer Lett, 2005, 227(2), 169-174.
90. Warabi, K.; Matsunaga, S.; van Soest, R.W.; Fusetani, N. Dictyodendrins A-E, the first telomerase-inhibitory marine natural products from the sponge Dictyodendrilla verongiformis. J. Org. Chem, 2003, 68(7), 2765-2770.
91. Lavelle, F.; Riou, J.F.; Laoui, A.; Mailliet, P. Telomerase: a therapeutic target for the third millennium? Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol., 2000, 34(2), 111-126.
92. Reddel, R.R.; Bryan, T.M.; Colgin, L.M.; Perrem, K.T.; Yeager, T.R. Alternative lengthening of telomeres in human cells. Radiat. Res, 2001, 155(1 Pt 2), 194-200.
93. Wu, X.; Kemp, B.; Amos, C.I.; Honn, S.E.; Zhang, W.; Walsh, G.L.; Spitz, M.R. Associations among telomerase activity, p53 protein overexpression, and genetic instability in lung cancer. Br. J. Cancer, 1999, 80(3-4), 453-457.
94. Burger, A.M.; Dai, F.; Schultes, C.M.; Reszka, A.P.; Moore, M.J.; Double, J.A.; Neidle, S. The G-quadruplex-interactive molecule BRACO-19 inhibits tumor growth, consistent with telomere targeting and interference with telomerase function. Cancer Res, 2005, 65(4), 1489-1496.
95. Schrijvers, D.; Teurfs, W. Clinical Trials at the End-of-life. BAOJ Pall Medicine, 2015, 1(1), 001-007.
96. Gunnur Dikmen, Z.; Gellert, G.C.; Jackson, S. Gryaznov, Sergei.; Tressler, R.; Dogan, P. Wright,W.E.; Shay, J.W. In vivo Inhibition of Lung Cancer by A Novel Human Telomerase Inhibitor GRN163L. Cancer Res, 2005, 65(17), 7866-7873.
97. Goldblatt, E.M.; Erickson, P.A.; Gentry, E.R.; Gryaznov, S.M.; Herbert, B.S. Lipid-conjugated telomerase template antagonists sensitize resistant HER2-positive breast cancer cells to trastuzumab. Breast Cancer Res. Treat, 2009, 118(1), 21-32.
98. Goldblatt, E.M.; Gentry, E.R.; Fox, M.J.; Gryaznov, S.M.; Shen, C.; Herbert, B.S. The telomerase template antagonist GRN163L alters MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell morphology, inhibits growth, and augments the effects of paclitaxel. Mol. Cancer Ther, 2009, 8(7), 2027-2035.
99. Dong, X.; Liu, A.; Zer, C.; Feng, J.; Zhen, Z.; Yang, M.; Zhong, L. siRNA inhibition of telomerase enhances the anti-cancer effect of doxorubicin in breast cancer cells. BMC Cancer, 2009, 9, 133.
100. Fujiwara, T.; Kagawa, S.; Kishimoto, H.; Endo, Y.; Hioki, M.; Ikeda, Y.; Sakai, R.; Urata, Y.; Tanaka, N.; Fujiwara, T. Enhanced antitumor efficacy of telomerase-selective oncolytic adenoviral agent OBP-401 with docetaxel: preclinical evaluation of chemovirotherapy. Int. J. Cancer, 2006, 119(2), 432-440.
101. Tamakawa, R.A.; Fleisig, H.B.; Wong, J.M. Telomerase inhibition potentiates the effects of genotoxic agents in breast and colorectal cancer cells in a cell cycle-specific manner. Cancer Res, 2010, 70(21), 8684-8694.