Long-wavelength analyte-sensitive luminescent probes and optical (bio)sensors

Methods and Applications in Fluorescence

Volumn 3, Issue 4, 2015, Pages

  Staudinger, Christoph ^a   Borisov, Sergey M ^a  

^a GRAZ UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Austria)

Author keywords

Long wavelength; Luminescence; Near infrared; Probe; Sensor supplementary material for this article is available online

Indexed keywords

EID: 84976576139     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20506120     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/3/4/042005     Document Type: Review

References (251)

1. Yin J, Hu Y and Yoon J 2015 Fluorescent probes and bioimaging: Alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and pH Chem. Soc. Rev. 44 4619-44.
2. Yu F, Han X and Chen L 2014 Fluorescent probes for hydrogen sulfide detection and bioimaging Chem. Commun. 50 12234-49.
3. Guo Z, Park S, Yoon J and Shin I 2014 Recent progress in the development of near-infrared fluorescent probes for bioimaging applications Chem. Soc. Rev. 43 16-29.
4. Escobedo J O, Rusin O, Lim S and Strongin R M 2010 NIR dyes for bioimaging applications Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 14 64-70.
5. Yuan L, Lin W, Zheng K, He L and Huang W 2013 Far-red to near infrared analyte-responsive fluorescent probes based on organic fluorophore platforms for fluorescence imaging Chem. Soc. Rev. 42 622-61.
6. Kobayashi H, Ogawa M, Alford R, Choyke P L and Urano Y 2010 New Strategies for Fluorescent Probe Design in Medical Diagnostic Imaging Chem. Rev. 110 2620-40.
7. Yang Y, Zhao Q, Feng W and Li F 2013 Luminescent Chemodosimeters for Bioimaging Chem. Rev. 113 192-270.
8. Baggaley E, Weinstein J A and Williams J A G 2012 Lighting the way to see inside the live cell with luminescent transition metal complexes Coord. Chem. Rev. 256 1762-85.
9. Luo S, Zhang E, Su Y, Cheng T and Shi C 2011 A review of NIR dyes in cancer targeting and imaging Biomaterials 32 7127-38.
10. Hilderbrand S A and Weissleder R 2010 Near-infrared fluorescence: Application to in vivo molecular imaging Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 14 71-9.
11. Kikuchi K 2010 Design, synthesis and biological application of chemical probes for bio-imaging Chem. Soc. Rev. 39 2048-53.
12. Wolfbeis O S 2015 An overview of nanoparticles commonly used in fluorescent bioimaging Chem. Soc. Rev. 44 4743-68.
13. Zhao Q, Huang C and Li F 2011 Phosphorescent heavy-metal complexes for bioimaging Chem. Soc. Rev. 40 2508-24.
14. Frangioni J V 2003 In vivo near-infrared fluorescence imaging Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 7 626-34.
15. Smith A M, Mancini M C and Nie S 2009 Bioimaging: second window for in vivo imaging Nat Nano 4 710-1.
16. Zipfel W R, Williams R M and Webb W W 2003 Nonlinear magic: multiphoton microscopy in the biosciences Nat. Biotechnol. 21 1369-77.
17. Lawrence W G, Varadi G, Entine G, Podniesinski E and Wallace P K 2008 Enhanced red and near infrared detection in flow cytometry using avalanche photodiodes Cytometry A 73 767-76.
18. Astruc D, Boisselier E and Ornelas C 2010 Dendrimers designed for functions: from physical, photophysical, and supramolecular properties to applications in sensing, catalysis, molecular electronics, photonics, and nanomedicine Chem. Rev. 110 1857-959.
19. Borisov S M, Mayr T and Klimant I 2008 Poly(styrene-blockvinylpyrrolidone) beads as a versatile material for simple fabrication of optical nanosensors Anal. Chem. 80 573-82.
20. Borisov S M, Mayr T, Mistlberger G, Waich K, Koren K, Chojnacki P and Klimant I 2009 Precipitation as a simple and versatile method for preparation of optical nanochemosensors Talanta 79 1322-30.
21. Wolfbeis O S 2013 Editorial: probes, sensors, and labels: Why is real progress slow? Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 52 9864-5.
22. Xu K, Qiang M, Gao W, Su R, Li N, Gao Y, Xie Y, Kong F and Tang B 2013 A near-infrared reversible fluorescent probe for real-time imaging of redox status changes in vivo Chem. Sci. 4 1079-86.
23. Ermakova Y G et al 2014 Red fluorescent genetically encoded indicator for intracellular hydrogen peroxide Nat. Commun. 5 5222.
24. Schäferling M and Duerkop A 2008 Intrinsically referenced fluorimetric sensing and detection schemes: methods, advantages and applications Standardization and Quality Assurance in Fluorescence Measurements I (Springer Series on Fluorescence) ed U Resch-Genger (Springer: Berlin) pp 373-414.
25. Lee M H, Kim J S and Sessler J L 2015 Small molecule-based ratiometric fluorescence probes for cations, anions, and biomolecules Chem. Soc. Rev. 44 4185-91.
26. Li Y, Wang Y, Yang S, Zhao Y, Yuan L, Zheng J and Yang R 2015 Hemicyanine-based high resolution ratiometric near-infrared fluorescent probe for monitoring pH changes in vivo Anal. Chem. 87 2495-503.
27. Wolfbeis O S 2015 Luminescent sensing and imaging of oxygen: fierce competition to the Clark electrode BioEssays 37 921-8.
28. Becker W 2012 Fluorescence lifetime imaging-techniques and applications J. Microsc. 247 119-36.
29. Sakadžić S, Lee J, Boas D A and Ayata C 2015 High-resolution in vivo optical imaging of stroke injury and repair Brain Res. 1623 174-92.
30. Dmitriev R I and Papkovsky D B 2015 Intracellular probes for imaging oxygen concentration: how good are they? Methods Appl. Fluoresc. 3 034001.
31. Wang X and Wolfbeis O S 2014 Optical methods for sensing and imaging oxygen: materials, spectroscopies and applications Chem. Soc. Rev. 43 3666-761.
32. Lehner P, Staudinger C, Borisov S M, Regensburger J and Klimant I 2015 Intrinsic artefacts in optical oxygen sensors- how reliable are our measurements? Chem. Eur. J. 21 3978-86.
33. Quaranta M, Borisov S M and Klimant I 2012 Indicators for optical oxygen sensors Bioanal. Rev. 4 115-57.
34. Borisov S M and Klimant I 2007 Ultrabright oxygen optodes based on cyclometalated iridium(III) coumarin complexes Anal. Chem. 79 7501-9.
35. Papkovsky D B, Ponomarev G V, Trettnak W and O'Leary P 1995 Phosphorescent complexes of porphyrin ketones: optical properties and application to oxygen sensing Anal. Chem. 67 4112-7.
36. Khalil G et al 2002 Synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of Ni, Zn, Pd and Pt tetra(pentafluorophenyl) porpholactone with comparisons to Mg, Zn, Y, Pd and Pt metal complexes of tetra(pentafluorophenyl)porphine J. Porphyrins Phthalocyanines 6 135-45.
37. Waskitoaji W, Hyakutake T, Watanabe M and Nishide H 2010 Pt-porpholactone- and -porphyrin-based luminescent sensory polymer coating for visualization of oxygen pressure distribution on biplanar surface Reactive Funct. Polym. 70 669-73.
38. Khalil G E, Costin C, Crafton J, Jones G, Grenoble S, Gouterman M, Callis J B and Dalton L R 2004 Dualluminophor pressure-sensitive paint: I. Ratio of reference to sensor giving a small temperature dependency Sensors Actuators B 97 13-21.
39. O'Mahony F C, O'Riordan T C, Papkovskaia N, Kerry J P and Papkovsky D B 2006 Non-destructive assessment of oxygen levels in industrial modified atmosphere packaged cheddar cheese Food Control 17 286-92.
40. Hempel A W, O'Sullivan M G, Papkovsky D B and Kerry J P 2013 Use of smart packaging technologies for monitoring and extending the shelf-life quality of modified atmosphere packaged (MAP) bread: Application of intelligent oxygen sensors and active ethanol emitters Eur. Food Res. Technol. 237 117-24.
41. Hempel A, O'Sullivan M G, Papkovsky D B and Kerry J P 2013 Use of optical oxygen sensors to monitor residual oxygen in pre- and post-pasteurised bottled beer and its effect on sensory attributes and product acceptability during simulated commercial storage LWT-Food Sci. Technol. 50 226-31.
42. Grist S M, Oyunerdene N, Flueckiger J, Kim J, Wong P C, Chrostowski L and Cheung K C 2014 Fabrication and laser patterning of polystyrene optical oxygen sensor films for labon- a-chip applications Analyst 139 5718-27.
43. Lam R H W, Kim M-C and Thorsen T 2009 Culturing aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and mammalian cells with a microfluidic differential oxygenator Anal. Chem. 81 5918-24.
44. Nock V, Blaikie R J and David T 2008 Patterning, integration and characterisation of polymer optical oxygen sensors for microfluidic devices Lab Chip 8 1300-7.
45. Koo Y-E L, Cao Y, Kopelman R, Koo S M, Brasuel M and Philbert M A 2004 Real-time measurements of dissolved oxygen inside live cells by organically modified silicate fluorescent nanosensors Anal. Chem. 76 2498-505.
46. Cao Y, Lee Koo Y-E and Kopelman R 2004 Poly(decyl methacrylate)-based fluorescent PEBBLE swarm nanosensors for measuring dissolved oxygen in biosamples Analyst 129 745-50.
47. Park E J, Reid K R, Tang W, Kennedy R T and Kopelman R 2005 Ratiometric fiber optic sensors for the detection of inter- and intra-cellular dissolved oxygen J. Mater. Chem. 15 2913-9.
48. Borisov S M, Papkovsky D B, Ponomarev G V, DeToma A S, Saf R and Klimant I 2009 Photophysical properties of the new phosphorescent platinum(II) and palladium(II) complexes of benzoporphyrins and chlorins J. Photochem. Photobiol. A 206 87-92.
49. Vinogradov S A and Wilson D F 1995 Metallotetrabenzoporphyrins. New phosphorescent probes for oxygen measurements J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2 1 103-11.
50. Vinogradov S A, Lo L W, Jenkins W T, Evans S M, Koch C and Wilson D F 1996 Noninvasive imaging of the distribution in oxygen in tissue in vivo using near-infrared phosphors Biophys. J. 70 1609-17.
51. Ichimura K, Sakuragi M, Morii H, Yasuike M, Fukui M and Ohno O 1991 Unequivocal Synthesis of Meso- Tetraphenyltetrabenzoporphine Inorg. Chim. Acta 182 83-6.
52. Finikova O S, Cheprakov A V, Beletskaya I P, Carroll P J and Vinogradov S A 2004 Novel Versatile Synthesis of Substituted Tetrabenzoporphyrins J. Org. Chem. 69 522-35.
53. Borisov S M, Nuss G, Haas W, Saf R, Schmuck M and Klimant I 2009 New NIR-emitting complexes of platinum(II) and palladium(II) with fluorinated benzoporphyrins J. Photochem. Photobiol. A 201 128-35.
54. Borisov S M, Nuss G and Klimant I 2008 Red light-excitable oxygen sensing materials based on platinum(II) and palladium(II) benzoporphyrins Anal. Chem. 80 9435-42.
55. Quaranta M, Murkovic M and Klimant I 2013 A new method to measure oxygen solubility in organic solvents through optical oxygen sensing Analyst 138 6243-5.
56. Quaranta M, Prasetyo E N, Koren K, Nyanhongo G S, Murkovic M, Klimant I and Guebitz G M 2013 Enzyme-based online monitoring and measurement of antioxidant activity using an optical oxygen sensor coupled to an HPLC system Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 405 2371-7.
57. Kühl M and Trampe E 2012 Microenvironmental ecology of the chlorophyll b-containing symbiotic cyanobacterium Prochloron in the didemnid ascidian Lissoclinum patella b Front. Microbiol. 3 402.
58. Schreml S, Meier R J, Wolfbeis O S, Maisch T, Szeimies R-M, Landthaler M, Regensburger J, Santarelli F, Klimant I and Babilas P 2011 2D luminescence imaging of physiological wound oxygenation Exp. Dermatol. 20 550-4.
59. Chipman L, Huettel M, Berg P, Meyer V, Klimant I, Glud R and Wenzhoefer F 2012 Oxygen optodes as fast sensors for eddy correlation measurements in aquatic systems Limnol. Oceanogr.: Methods 10 304-16.
60. Toncelli C, Arzhakova O V, Dolgova A, Volynskii A L, Bakeev N F, Kerry J P and Papkovsky D B 2014 Oxygensensitive phosphorescent nanomaterials produced from highdensity polyethylene films by local solvent-crazing Anal. Chem. 86 1917-23.
61. Ehgartner J, Wiltsche H, Borisov S M and Mayr T 2014 Low cost referenced luminescent imaging of oxygen and pH with a 2-CCD colour near infrared camera Analyst 139 4924-33.
62. Hutter L H, Müller B J, Koren K, Borisov S M and Klimant I 2014 Robust optical oxygen sensors based on polymer-bound NIR-emitting platinum(II)-benzoporphyrins J. Mater. Chem. C 2 7589-98.
63. Müller B J, Burger T, Borisov S M and Klimant I 2015 High performance optical trace oxygen sensors based on NIRemitting benzoporphyrins covalently coupled to silicone matrixes Sensors Actuators B 216 527-34.
64. Sommer J R, Farley R T, Graham K R, Yang Y, Reynolds J R, Xue J and Schanze K S 2009 Efficient near-infrared polymer and organic light-emitting diodes based on electrophosphorescence from (Tetraphenyltetranaphtho [2, 3] porphyrin)platinum(II) ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 1 274-8.
65. Rozhkov V V, Khajehpour M and Vinogradov S A 2003 Luminescent Zn and Pd Tetranaphthaloporphyrins Inorg. Chem. 42 4253-5.
66. Finikova O S, Cheprakov A V, Carroll P J and Vinogradov S A 2003 Novel route to functionalized tetraaryltetra [2, 3] naphthaloporphyrins via oxidative aromatization J. Org. Chem. 68 7517-20.
67. Finikova O S, Aleshchenkov S E, Briñas R P, Cheprakov A V, Carroll P J and Vinogradov S A 2005 Synthesis of symmetrical tetraaryltetranaphtho [2, 3]porphyrins J. Org. Chem. 70 4617-28.
68. Niedermair F, Borisov S M, Zenkl G, Hofmann O T, Weber H, Saf R and Klimant I 2010 Tunable phosphorescent NIR oxygen indicators based on mixed benzo- and naphthoporphyrin complexes Inorg. Chem. 49 9333-42.
69. Rosenow T C, Walzer K and Leo K 2008 Near-infrared organic light emitting diodes based on heavy metal phthalocyanines J. Appl. Phys. 103 043105.
70. Borisov S M, Zenkl G and Klimant I 2010 Phosphorescent platinum(II) and palladium(II) complexes with azatetrabenzoporphyrins-new red laser diode-compatible indicators for optical oxygen sensing ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2 366-74.
71. Nacht B, Larndorfer C, Sax S, Borisov S M, Hajnsek M, Sinner F, List-Kratochvil E J W and Klimant I 2015 Integrated catheter system for continuous glucose measurement and simultaneous insulin infusion Biosens. Bioelectron. 64 102-10.
72. Borisov S M, Saf R, Fischer R and Klimant I 2013 Synthesis and properties of new phosphorescent red light-excitable platinum(II) and palladium(II) complexes with Schiff bases for oxygen sensing and triplet-triplet annihilation-based upconversion Inorg. Chem. 52 1206-16.
73. Banerjee S, Kuznetsova R T and Papkovsky D B 2015 Solidstate oxygen sensors based on phosphorescent diiodoborondipyrromethene dye Sensors Actuators B 212 229-34.
74. Roussakis E, Li Z, Nichols A J and Evans C L 2015 Oxygensensing methods in biomedicine from the macroscale to the microscale Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 54 8340-62.
75. Dunphy I, Vinogradov S A and Wilson D F 2002 Oxyphor R2 and G2: phosphors for measuring oxygen by oxygen-dependent quenching of phosphorescence Anal. Biochem. 310 191-8.
76. Rietveld I B, Kim E and Vinogradov S A 2003 Dendrimers with tetrabenzoporphyrin cores: near infrared phosphors for in vivo oxygen imaging Tetrahedron 59 3821-31.
77. Lebedev A Y, Cheprakov A V, Sakadžić S, Boas D A, Wilson D F and Vinogradov S A 2009 Dendritic phosphorescent probes for oxygen imaging in biological systems ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 1 1292-304.
78. Esipova T V, Karagodov A, Miller J, Wilson D F, Busch T M and Vinogradov S A 2011 Two new 'protected' oxyphors for biological oximetry: properties and application in tumor imaging Anal. Chem. 83 8756-65.
79. Nichols A J, Roussakis E, Klein O J and Evans C L 2014 Click-assembled, oxygen-sensing nanoconjugates for depthresolved, near-infrared imaging in a 3D cancer model Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 53 3671-4.
80. Albenberg L et al 2014 Correlation between intraluminal oxygen gradient and radial partitioning of intestinal microbiota Gastroenterology 147 1055-63.
81. Tsytsarev V, Arakawa H, Borisov S, Pumbo E, Erzurumlu R S and Papkovsky D B 2013 In vivo imaging of brain metabolism activity using a phosphorescent oxygen-sensitive probe J. Neurosci. Methods 216 146-51.
82. Napp J, Behnke T, Fischer L, Würth C, Wottawa M, Katschinski D M, Alves F, Resch-Genger U and Schäferling M 2011 Targeted luminescent near-infrared polymer-nanoprobes for in vivo imaging of tumor hypoxia Anal. Chem. 83 9039-46.
83. Cao J, Nagl S, Kothe E and Köhler J M 2015 Oxygen sensor nanoparticles for monitoring bacterial growth and characterization of dose-response functions in microfluidic screenings Microchim. Acta 182 385-94.
84. Mistlberger G, Koren K, Scheucher E, Aigner D, Borisov S M, Zankel A, Pölt P and Klimant I 2010 Multifunctional magnetic optical sensor particles with tunable sizes for monitoring metabolic parameters and as a basis for nanotherapeutics Adv. Funct. Mater. 20 1842-51.
85. Fabricius-Dyg J, Mistlberger G, Staal M, Borisov S M, Klimant I and Kühl M 2012 Imaging of surface O2 dynamics in corals with magnetic micro optode particles Mar Biol. 159 1621-31.
86. Kumar R, Ohulchanskyy T Y, Roy I, Gupta S K, Borek C, Thompson M E and Prasad P N 2009 Near-infrared phosphorescent polymeric nanomicelles: Efficient optical probes for tumor imaging and detection ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 1 1474-81.
87. Wang X, Stolwijk J A, Lang T, Sperber M, Meier R J, Wegener J and Wolfbeis O S 2012 Ultra-small, highly stable, and sensitive dual nanosensors for imaging intracellular oxygen and pH in cytosol J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134 17011-4.
88. Wang X, Stolwijk J A, Sperber M, Meier R J, Wegener J and Wolfbeis O S 2013 Ultra-small, highly stable, and membraneimpermeable fluorescent nanosensors for oxygen Methods Appl. Fluoresc. 1 035002.
89. Drobizhev M, Makarov N S, Tillo S E, Hughes T E and Rebane A 2011 Two-photon absorption properties of fluorescent proteins Nat. Methods 8 393-9.
90. Briñas R P, Troxler T, Hochstrasser R M and Vinogradov S A 2005 Phosphorescent oxygen sensor with dendritic protection and two-photon absorbing antenna J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127 11851-62.
91. Finikova O S, Lebedev A Y, Aprelev A, Troxler T, Gao F, Garnacho C, Muro S, Hochstrasser R M and Vinogradov S A 2008 Oxygen microscopy by two-photon-excited phosphorescence Chem Phys Chem 9 1673-9.
92. Sakadzic S et al 2010 Two-photon high-resolution measurement of partial pressure of oxygen in cerebral vasculature and tissue Nat. Methods 7 755-9.
93. Lecoq J, Parpaleix A, Roussakis E, Ducros M, Houssen Y G, Vinogradov S A and Charpak S 2011 Simultaneous twophoton imaging of oxygen and blood flow in deep cerebral vessels Nat. Medicine 17 893-8.
94. Devor A et al 2011 'Overshoot' of O2 is required to maintain baseline tissue oxygenation at locations distal to blood vessels J. Neurosci. 31 13676-81.
95. Kazmi S M S, Salvaggio A J, Estrada A D, Hemati M A, Shaydyuk N K, Roussakis E, Jones T A, Vinogradov S A and Dunn A K 2013 3D mapping of oxygen tension in cortical arterioles before and after occlusion Biomed. Opt. Express 4 1061-73.
96. Spencer J A et al 2014 Direct measurement of local oxygen concentration in the bone marrow of live animals Nature 508 269-73.
97. Kondrashina A V, Dmitriev R I, Borisov S M, Klimant I, O'Brien I, Nolan Y M, Zhdanov A V and Papkovsky D B 2012 A phosphorescent nanoparticle-based probe for sensing and imaging of (intra)cellular oxygen in multiple detection modalities Adv. Funct. Mater. 22 4931-9.
98. Dmitriev R I, Borisov S M, Düssmann H, Sun S, Müller B J, Prehn J, Baklaushev V P, Klimant I and Papkovsky D B 2015 Versatile conjugated polymer nanoparticles for highresolution O2 imaging in cells and 3D tissue models ACS Nano 9 5275-88.
99. Esipova T V and Vinogradov S A 2014 Synthesis of phosphorescent asymmetrically π-extended porphyrins for two-photon applications J. Org. Chem. 79 8812-25.
100. Steiner M-S, Duerkop A and Wolfbeis O S 2011 Optical methods for sensing glucose Chem. Soc. Rev. 40 4805-39.
101. Stein E W, Grant P S, Zhu H and McShane M J 2007 Microscale enzymatic optical biosensors using mass transport limiting nanofilms: I. Fabrication and characterization using glucose as a model analyte Anal. Chem. 79 1339-48.
102. Chaudhary A, Harma H, Hanninen P, McShane M J and Srivastava R 2011 Glucose response of near-infrared alginate-based microsphere sensors under dynamic reversible conditions Diabetes Technol. Therapeutics 13 827-35.
103. Saito S, Massie T L, Maeda T, Nakazumi H and Colyer C L 2012 A long-wavelength fluorescent squarylium cyanine dye possessing boronic acid for sensing monosaccharides and glycoproteins with high enhancement in aqueous solution Sensors 12 5420-31.
104. Lopez C S, Huvelle M A L, Uhrig M L, Leskow F C and Spagnuolo C C 2015 Recognition of saccharides in the NIR region with a novel fluorogenic boronolectin: In vitro and live cell labeling Chem. Commun. 51 4895-8.
105. Yum K, Ahn J-H, McNicholas T P, Barone P W, Mu B, Kim J-H, Jain R M and Strano M S 2012 Boronic acid library for selective, reversible near-infrared fluorescence quenching of surfactant suspended single-walled carbon nanotubes in response to glucose ACS Nano 6 819-30.
106. Casey J R, Grinstein S and Orlowski J 2010 Sensors and regulators of intracellular pH Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 11 50-61.
107. Han J and Burgess K 2010 Fluorescent indicators for intracellular pH Chem. Rev. 110 2709-28.
108. Madigan M T 2005 Anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria from extreme environments Discoveries in Photosynthesis (Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration) ed Govindjee et al ( Dordrecht: Springer) pp 969-83.
109. Vinogradov S A and Wilson D F 2000 Electrostatic core shielding in dendritic polyglutamic porphyrins Chem. Eur. J. 6 2456-61.
110. Finikova O, Galkin A, Rozhkov V, Cordero M, Hägerhäll C and Vinogradov S 2003 Porphyrin and tetrabenzoporphyrin dendrimers: Tunable membraneimpermeable fluorescent pH nanosensors J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125 4882-93.
111. Leiding T, Górecki K, Kjellman T, Vinogradov S A, Hägerhäll C and Arsköld S P 2009 Precise detection of pH inside large unilamellar vesicles using membraneimpermeable dendritic porphyrin-based nanoprobes Anal. Biochem. 388 296-305.
112. Thyagarajan S, Leiding T, Årsköld S P, Cheprakov A V and Vinogradov S A 2010 Highly non-planar dendritic porphyrin for pH sensing: observation of porphyrin monocation Inorg. Chem. 49 9909-20.
113. Papkovsky D B, Ponomarev G V and Wolfbeis O S 1996 Longwave luminescent porphyrin probes Spectrochim. Acta A 52 1629-38.
114. Papkovsky D B and Ponomarev G V 2001 Spectralluminescent study of the porphyrin-diketones and their complexes Spectrochimica . Acta A 57 1897-905.
115. Khalil G E, Daddario P, Lau K S F, Imtiaz S, King M, Gouterman M, Sidelev A, Puran N, Ghandehari M and Brückner C 2010 Meso-yetraarylporpholactones as high pH sensors Analyst 135 2125-31.
116. Esipova T V, Ye X, Collins J E, Sakadžić S, Mandeville E T, Murray C B and Vinogradov S A 2012 Dendritic upconverting nanoparticles enable in vivo multiphoton microscopy with low-power continuous wave sources Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. 109 20826-31.
117. Wan Q, Chen S, Shi W, Li L and Ma H 2014 Lysosomal pH rise during heat shock monitored by a lysosome-targeting near-infrared ratiometric fluorescent probe Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 53 10916-20.
118. Wiktorowski S, Daltrozzo E and Zumbusch A 2015 Watersoluble pyrrolopyrrole cyanine (PPCy) near-infrared fluorescent pH indicators for strong acidity RSC Adv. 5 29420-3.
119. Fischer G M, Isomäki-Krondahl M, Göttker-Schnetmann I, Daltrozzo E and Zumbusch A 2009 Pyrrolopyrrole cyanine dyes: A new class of near-infrared dyes and fluorophores Chem.- Eur. J. 15 4857-64.
120. He L, Lin W, Xu Q and Wei H 2014 A unique type of pyrrolebased cyanine fluorophores with turn-on and ratiometric fluorescence signals at different pH regions for sensing pH in enzymes and living cells ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 6 22326-33.
121. Benniston A C and Copley G 2009 Lighting the way ahead with boron dipyrromethene (bodipy) dyes Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 11 4124.
122. Ni Y and Wu J 2014 Far-red and near infrared BODIPY dyes: synthesis and applications for fluorescent pH probes and bio-imaging Org. Biomol. Chem. 12 3774-91.
123. Zhang J, Yang M, Li C, Dorh N, Xie F, Luo F-T, Tiwari A and Liu H 2015 Near-infrared fluorescent probes based on piperazine-functionalized BODIPY dyes for sensitive detection of lysosomal pH J. Mater. Chem. B 3 2173-84.
124. Murtagh J, Frimannsson D O and O'Shea D F 2009 Azide conjugatable and pH responsive near-infrared fluorescent imaging probes Org. Lett. 11 5386-9.
125. Jokic T, Borisov S M, Saf R, Nielsen D A, Kühl M and Klimant I 2012 Highly photostable near-infrared fluorescent pH indicators and sensors based on BF2-chelated tetraarylazadipyrromethene dyes Anal. Chem. 84 6723-30.
126. Salim M M, Owens E A, Gao T, Lee J H, Hyun H, Choi H S and Henary M 2014 Hydroxylated near-infrared BODIPY fluorophores as intracellular pH sensors Analyst 139 4862-73.
127. Schutting S, Jokic T, Strobl M, Borisov S M, Beer D de and Klimant I 2015 NIR optical carbon dioxide sensors based on highly photostable dihydroxy-aza-BODIPY dyes J. Mater. Chem. C 3 5474-83.
128. Liu W, Sun R, Ge J-F, Xu Y-J, Xu Y, Lu J-M, Itoh I and Ihara M 2013 Reversible near-infrared pH probes based on benzo [a] phenoxazine Anal. Chem. 85 7419-25.
129. He D-D, Liu W, Sun R, Fan C, Xu Y-J and Ge J-F 2015 N-pyridineium-2-yl darrow red analogue: unique nearinfrared lysosome-biomarker for the detection of cancer cells Anal. Chem. 87 1499-502.
130. Xie L, Qin Y and Chen H-Y 2012 Polymeric optodes based on upconverting nanorods for fluorescent measurements of pH and metal ions in blood samples Anal. Chem. 84 1969-74.
131. Liu X-D, Xu Y, Sun R, Xu Y-J, Lu J-M and Ge J-F 2013 A coumarin-indole-based near-infrared ratiometric pH probe for intracellular fluorescence imaging Analyst 138 6542-50.
132. Aigner D, Borisov S M, Petritsch P and Klimant I 2013 Novel near infra-red fluorescent pH sensors based on 1-aminoperylene bisimides covalently grafted onto poly(acryloylmorpholine) Chem. Commun. 49 2139-41.
133. Kwon H, Kim M, Meany B, Piao Y, Powell L R and Wang Y 2015 Optical probing of local pH and temperature in complex fluids with covalently functionalized, semiconducting carbon nanotubes J. Phys. Chem. C 119 3733-9.
134. Zhou K, Liu H, Zhang S, Huang X, Wang Y, Huang G, Sumer B D and Gao J 2012 Multicolored pH-tunable and activatable fluorescence nanoplatform responsive to physiologic pH stimuli J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134 7803-11.
135. Wang L, Zhu X, Xie C, Ding N, Weng X, Lu W, Wei X and Li C 2012 Imaging acidosis in tumors using a pH-activated nearinfrared fluorescence probe Chem. Commun. 48 11677-9.
136. Si Z, Huang C, Gao X and Li C 2014 pH-responsive nearinfrared nanoprobe imaging metastases by sensing acidic microenvironment RSC Adv. 4 55548-55.
137. Zhou X, Su F, Tian Y, Youngbull C, Johnson R H and Meldrum D R 2011 A new highly selective fluorescent K+ sensor J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133 18530-3.
138. Matsui A, Umezawa K, Shindo Y, Fujii T, Citterio D, Oka K and Suzuki K 2011 A near-infrared fluorescent calcium probe: A new tool for intracellular multicolour Ca2+ imaging Chem. Commun. 47 10407-9.
139. Collot M et al 2012 Calcium rubies: A family of red-emitting functionalizable indicators suitable for two-photon Ca2+ imaging J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134 14923-31.
140. Egawa T et al 2013 Red fluorescent probe for monitoring the dynamics of cytoplasmic calcium ions Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 52 3874-7.
141. Si D, Epstein T, Koo Lee Y-E and Kopelman R 2012 Nanoparticle PEBBLE sensors for quantitative nanomolar imaging of intracellular free calcium ions Anal. Chem. 84 978-86.
142. Huang Y, Lin Q, Wu J and Fu N 2013 Design and synthesis of a squaraine based near-infrared fluorescent probe for the ratiometric detection of Zn2+ ions Dyes Pigments 99 699-704.
143. Li C-Y, Kong X-F, Li Y-F, Zou C-X, Liu D and Zhu W-G 2013 Ratiometric and colorimetric fluorescent chemosensor for Ag+ based on tricarbocyanine Dyes Pigments 99 903-7.
144. Han Z, Yang Q, Liang L and Zhang X 2013 A new heptamethine cyanine-based near-infrared fluorescent probe for divalent copper ions with high selectivity Adv. Mater. Phys. Chem. 03 314-9.
145. Zhao C, Li K, Xie N, Zhao M and Peng S 2014 Deprotonation and chelation synergically triggered near infrared fluorescence for selective detection of Hg(II) J. Photochem. Photobiol. A 290 72-6.
146. Datta B K, Thiyagarajan D, Kar C, Ramesh A and Das G 2015 A near-infrared emissive Al3+ sensing platform for specific detection in solution, cells and probing DNase activity Anal. Chim. Acta 882 76-82.
147. Li C, Liu J, Alonso S, Li F and Zhang Y 2012 Upconversion nanoparticles for sensitive and in-depth detection of Cu2+ ions Nanoscale 4 6065-71.
148. Liu J, Sun Y-Q, Wang P, Zhang J and Guo W 2013 Construction of NIR and ratiometric fluorescent probe for Hg2+ based on a rhodamine-inspired dye platform Analyst 138 2654-60.
149. Zhang T, Chan C-F, Lan R, Wong W-K and Wong K-L 2014 Highly selective and responsive visible to near-IR ytterbium emissive probe for monitoring mercury(II) Chem. Eur. J. 20 970-3.
150. Xu Z, Wang H, Hou X, Xu W, Xiang T and Wu C 2014 A novel ratiometric colorimetric and NIR fluorescent probe for detecting Cu2+ with high selectivity and sensitivity based on rhodamine-appended cyanine Sensors Actuators B 201 469-74.
151. Tong S, Zhang L, Bing L and Yi L 2014 Two rhodamine derived fluorescence turn-on chemosensors for Hg(II) recognition and sensing: synthesis, characterization and sensing performance Sensors Actuators B 203 157-64.
152. Chen H, Lin W and Yuan L 2013 Construction of a nearinfrared fluorescence turn-on and ratiometric probe for imaging palladium in living cells Org. Biomol. Chem. 11 1938-41.
153. Wang J, Song F, Wang J and Peng X 2013 A near-infrared and ratiometric fluorescent chemosensor for palladium Analyst 138 3667-72.
154. Wang X, Guo Z, Zhu S, Tian H and Zhu W 2014 A nakedeye and ratiometric near-infrared probe for palladium via modulation of a π-conjugated system of cyanines Chem. Commun. 50 13525-8.
155. Zhang Q-Q, Yang B-X, Sun R, Ge J-F, Xu Y-J, Li N-J and Lu J-M 2012 A near-infrared phenoxazinium-based fluorescent probe for zinc ions and its imaging in living cells Sensors Actuators B 171-172 1001-6.
156. Wang X, Sun J, Zhang W, Ma X, Lv J and Tang B 2013 A nearinfrared ratiometric fluorescent probe for rapid and highly sensitive imaging of endogenous hydrogen sulfide in living cells Chem. Sci. 4 2551-6.
157. Cao X, Lin W, Zheng K and He L 2012 A near-infrared fluorescent turn-on probe for fluorescence imaging of hydrogen sulfide in living cells based on thiolysis of dinitrophenyl ether Chem. Commun. 48 10529-31.
158. Maity D, Raj A, Samanta P K, Karthigeyan D, Kundu T K, Pati S K and Govindaraju T 2014 A probe for ratiometric near-infrared fluorescence and colorimetric hydrogen sulfide detection and imaging in live cells RSC Adv. 4 11147-51.
159. Liu X-D, Fan C, Sun R, Xu Y-J and Ge J-F 2014 Nile-red and Nile-blue-based near-infrared fluorescent probes for in-cellulo imaging of hydrogen sulfide Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 406 7059-70.
160. Maity D and Govindaraju T 2013 A turn-on NIR fluorescence and colourimetric cyanine probe for monitoring the thiol content in serum and the glutathione reductase assisted glutathione redox process Org. Biomol. Chem. 11 2098-104.
161. Li M, Wu X, Wang Y, Li Y, Zhu W and James T D 2014 A near-infrared colorimetric fluorescent chemodosimeter for the detection of glutathione in living cells Chem. Commun. 50 1751-3.
162. Shao X, Kang R, Zhang Y, Huang Z, Peng F, Zhang J, Wang Y, Pan F, Zhang W and Zhao W 2015 Highly selective and sensitive 1-amino BODIPY-based red fluorescent probe for thiophenols with high off-to-on contrast ratio Anal. Chem. 87 399-405.
163. Yu D, Huang F, Ding S and Feng G 2014 Near-infrared fluorescent probe for detection of thiophenols in water samples and living cells Anal. Chem. 86 8835-41.
164. Zhao C, Li X and Wang F 2014 Target-triggered NIR emission with a large stokes shift for the detection and imaging of cysteine in living cells Chemistry-Asian J. 9 1777-81.
165. Yu D, Zhang Q, Ding S and Feng G 2014 A colorimetric and near-infrared fluorescent probe for biothiols and its application in living cells RSC Adv. 4 46561-7.
166. Xue S, Ding S, Zhai Q, Zhang H and Feng G 2015 A readily available colorimetric and near-infrared fluorescent turn-on probe for rapid and selective detection of cysteine in living cells Biosens. Bioelectron. 68 316-21.
167. Lim S-Y, Hong K-H, Kim D I, Kwon H and Kim H-J 2014 Tunable heptamethine-azo dye conjugate as an NIR fluorescent probe for the selective detection of mitochondrial glutathione over cysteine and homocysteine J. Am. Chem. Soc. 136 7018-25.
168. Liu J, Sun Y-Q, Zhang H, Huo Y, Shi Y and Guo W 2014 Simultaneous fluorescent imaging of Cys/Hcy and GSH from different emission channels Chem. Sci. 5 3183-8.
169. Zhang J, Jiang X-D, Shao X, Zhao J, Su Y, Xi D, Yu H, Yue S, Xiao L and Zhao W 2014 A turn-on NIR fluorescent probe for the detection of homocysteine over cysteine RSC Adv. 4 54080-3.
170. Lv H, Yang X-F, Zhong Y, Guo Y, Li Z and Li H 2014 Native chemical ligation combined with spirocyclization of benzopyrylium dyes for the ratiometric and selective fluorescence detection of cysteine and homocysteine Anal. Chem. 86 1800-7.
171. Xu P, Gao T, Liu M, Zhang H and Zeng W 2015 A novel excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) dye with unique near-IR keto emission and its application in detection of hydrogen sulfide Analyst 140 1814-6.
172. Adarsh N, Krishnan M S and Ramaiah D 2014 Sensitive naked eye detection of hydrogen sulfide and nitric oxide by aza-BODIPY dyes in aqueous medium Anal. Chem. 86 9335-42.
173. Sun W, Fan J, Hu C, Cao J, Zhang H, Xiong X, Wang J, Cui S, Sun S and Peng X 2013 A two-photon fluorescent probe with near-infrared emission for hydrogen sulfide imaging in biosystems Chem. Commun. 49 3890-2.
174. Zheng Y, Zhao M, Qiao Q, Liu H, Lang H and Xu Z 2013 A near-infrared fluorescent probe for hydrogen sulfide in living cells Dyes Pigments 98 367-71.
175. Ozdemir T, Sozmen F, Mamur S, Tekinay T and Akkaya E U 2014 Fast responding and selective near-IR Bodipy dye for hydrogen sulfide sensing Chem. Commun. 50 5455-7.
176. Wang R, Yu F, Chen L, Chen H, Wang L and Zhang W 2012 A highly selective turn-on near-infrared fluorescent probe for hydrogen sulfide detection and imaging in living cells Chem. Commun. 48 11757-9.
177. Wei C, Zhu Q, Liu W, Chen W, Xi Z and Yi L 2014 NBD-based colorimetric and fluorescent turn-on probes for hydrogen sulfide Org. Biomol. Chem. 12 479-85.
178. Yu F, Li P, Wang B and Han K 2013 Reversible near-infrared fluorescent probe introducing tellurium to mimetic glutathione peroxidase for monitoring the redox cycles between peroxynitrite and glutathione in vivo J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135 7674-80.
179. Zhu D, Li G, Xue L and Jiang H 2013 Development of ratiometric near-infrared fluorescent probes using analytespecific cleavage of carbamate Org. Biomol. Chem. 11 4577-80.
180. Wu H, Krishnakumar S, Yu J, Liang D, Qi H, Lee Z-W, Deng L-W and Huang D 2014 Highly selective and sensitive near-infrared-fluorescent probes for the detection of cellular hydrogen sulfide and the imaging of H2S in mice Chem. Asian J. 9 3604-11.
181. Chen Y, Zhu C, Yang Z, Chen J, He Y, Jiao Y, He W, Qiu L, Cen J and Guo Z 2013 A ratiometric fluorescent probe for rapid detection of hydrogen sulfide in mitochondria Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 52 1688-91.
182. Kong F, Liu R, Chu R, Wang X, Xu K and Tang B 2013 A highly sensitive near-infrared fluorescent probe for cysteine and homocysteine in living cells Chem. Commun. 49 9176-8.
183. Liu T, Huo F, Yin C, Li J and Niu L 2015 A highly selective fluorescence sensor for cysteine/homocysteine and its application in bioimaging RSC Adv. 5 28713-6.
184. Gao M, Wang R, Yu F, You J and Chen L 2015 A near-infrared fluorescent probe for the detection of hydrogen polysulfides biosynthetic pathways in living cells and in vivo Analyst 140 3766-72.
185. Gao M, Yu F, Chen H and Chen L 2015 Near-infrared fluorescent probe for imaging mitochondrial hydrogen polysulfides in living cells and in vivo Anal. Chem. 87 3631-8.
186. Guan Y-S, Niu L-Y, Chen Y-Z, Wu L-Z, Tung C-H and Yang Q-Z 2014 A near-infrared fluorescent sensor for selective detection of cysteine and its application in live cell imaging RSC Adv. 4 8360-4.
187. Zhang Y, Tang Y, Liu X, Zhang L and Lv Y 2013 A highly sensitive upconverting phosphors-based off-on probe for the detection of glutathione Sensors Actuators B 185 363-9.
188. Wang B, Li P, Yu F, Chen J, Qu Z and Han K 2013 A nearinfrared reversible and ratiometric fluorescent probe based on Se-BODIPY for the redox cycle mediated by hypobromous acid and hydrogen sulfide in living cells Chem. Commun. 49 5790-2.
189. Cheng G, Fan J, Sun W, Cao J, Hu C and Peng X 2014 A nearinfrared fluorescent probe for selective detection of HClO based on Se-sensitized aggregation of heptamethine cyanine dye Chem. Commun. 50 1018-20.
190. Sun M, Yu H, Zhu H, Ma F, Zhang S, Huang D and Wang S 2014 Oxidative cleavage-based near-infrared fluorescent probe for hypochlorous acid detection and myeloperoxidase activity evaluation Anal. Chem. 86 671-7.
191. Chen Y-J, Wu S-C, Chen C-Y, Tzou S-C, Cheng T-L, Huang Y-F, Yuan S-S and Wang Y-M 2014 Peptide-based MRI contrast agent and near-infrared fluorescent probe for intratumoral legumain detection Biomaterials 35 304-15.
192. Kisin-Finfer E, Ferber S, Blau R, Satchi-Fainaro R and Shabat D 2014 Synthesis and evaluation of new NIRfluorescent probes for cathepsin B: ICT versus FRET as a turn-ON mode-of-action Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 24 2453-8.
193. Akers W J, Xu B, Lee H, Sudlow G P, Fields G B, Achilefu S and Edwards W B 2012 Detection of MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity in vivo with a triple-helical peptide optical probe Bioconjugate Chem. 23 656-63.
194. Shi Y, Zhang S and Zhang X 2013 A novel near-infrared fluorescent probe for selectively sensing nitroreductase (NTR) in an aqueous medium Analyst 138 1952-5.
195. Xu K, Wang F, Pan X, Liu R, Ma J, Kong F and Tang B 2013 High selectivity imaging of nitroreductase using a near-infrared fluorescence probe in hypoxic tumor Chem. Commun. 49 2554-6.
196. Wang X, Cui L, Zhou N, Zhu W, Wang R, Qian X and Xu Y 2013 A highly selective and sensitive near-infrared fluorescence probe for arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2 in vitro and in vivo Chem. Sci. 4 2936-40.
197. Oresic Bender K et al 2015 Design of a highly selective quenched activity-based probe and its application in dual color imaging studies of cathepsin S activity localization J. Am. Chem. Soc. 137 4771-7.
198. Li J, Chen K, Liu H, Cheng K, Yang M, Zhang J, Cheng J D, Zhang Y and Cheng Z 2012 Activatable near-infrared fluorescent probe for in vivo imaging of fibroblast activation protein-alpha Bioconjugate Chem. 23 1704-11.
199. Ryu J H et al 2011 Cathepsin B-sensitive nanoprobe for in vivo tumor diagnosis J. Mater. Chem. 21 17631-4.
200. Lee A, Choi S-J, Park K, Park J W, Kim K, Choi K, Yoon S-Y and Youn I 2013 Detection of active matrix metalloproteinase-3 in serum and fibroblast-like synoviocytes of collagen-induced arthritis mice Bioconjugate Chem. 24 1068-74.
201. Li Z, He X, Wang Z, Yang R, Shi W and Ma H 2015 In vivo imaging and detection of nitroreductase in zebrafish by a new near-infrared fluorescence off-on probe Biosens. Bioelectron. 63 112-6.
202. Li L, Li Z, Shi W, Li X and Ma H 2014 Sensitive and selective near-infrared fluorescent off-on probe and its application to imaging different levels of β-lactamase in Staphylococcus aureus Anal. Chem. 86 6115-20.
203. Xu Y, Li B, Xiao L, Ouyang J, Sun S and Pang Y 2014 A colorimetric and near-infrared fluorescent probe with high sensitivity and selectivity for acid phosphatase and inhibitor screening Chem. Commun. 50 8677-80.
204. Liu S, Pang S, Na W and Su X 2014 Near-infrared fluorescence probe for the determination of alkaline phosphatase Biosens. Bioelectron. 55 249-54.
205. Yang L, Li X, Yang J, Qu Y and Hua J 2013 Colorimetric and ratiometric near-infrared fluorescent cyanide chemodosimeter based on phenazine derivatives ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 5 1317-26.
206. Zou Q, Li X, Xu Q, Ågren H, Zhao W and Qu Y 2014 A nearinfrared 'on-off' fluorescent and colourimetric cyanide chemodosimeter based on phenothiazine with applications in living cell imaging RSC Adv. 4 59809-16.
207. Zhang Y, Yu D and Feng G 2014 Colorimetric and near infrared fluorescent detection of cyanide by a new phenanthroimidazole-indolium conjugated probe RSC Adv. 4 14752-7.
208. Worlinsky J L, Halepas S and Brückner C 2014 PEGylated meso-arylporpholactone metal complexes as optical cyanide sensors in water Org. Biomol. Chem. 12 3991-4001.
209. McQuade L E and Lippard S J 2010 Fluorescent probes to investigate nitric oxide and other reactive nitrogen species in biology (truncated form: fluorescent probes of reactive nitrogen species) Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 14 43-9.
210. Chen J-B, Zhang H-X, Guo X-F, Wang H and Zhang H-S 2013 'Off-on' red-emitting fluorescent probes with large Stokes shifts for nitric oxide imaging in living cells Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 405 7447-56.
211. Zhang H-X, Chen J-B, Guo X-F, Wang H and Zhang H-S 2013 Highly sensitive determination of nitric oxide in biologic samples by a near-infrared BODIPY-based fluorescent probe coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography Talanta 116 335-42.
212. Zhang H-X, Chen J-B, Guo X-F, Wang H and Zhang H-S 2014 Highly sensitive low-background fluorescent probes for imaging of nitric oxide in cells and tissues Anal. Chem. 86 3115-23.
213. Chen J-B, Zhang H-X, Guo X-F, Wang H and Zhang H-S 2013 Novel B, O-chelated fluorescent probe for nitric oxide imaging in Raw 264.7 macrophages and onion tissues Anal. Chim. Acta 800 77-86.
214. Liu W, Fan C, Sun R, Xu Y-J and Ge J-F 2015 Near-infrared emission of dibenzoxanthenium and its application in the design of nitric oxide probes Org. Biomol. Chem. 13 4532-8.
215. Zhegalova N G, Gonzales G and Berezin M Y 2013 Synthesis of nitric oxide probes with fluorescence lifetime sensitivity Org. Biomol. Chem. 11 8228-34.
216. Wu M-Y, Li K, Li C-Y, Hou J-T and Yu X-Q 2014 A watersoluble near-infrared probe for colorimetric and ratiometric sensing of SO2 derivatives in living cells Chem. Commun. 50 183-5.
217. Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Ding S, Zhang H and Feng G 2015 A near-infrared fluorescent probe for rapid, colorimetric and ratiometric detection of bisulfite in food, serum, and living cells Sensors Actuators B 211 377-84.
218. Chen W, Liu X, Chen S, Song X and Kang J 2015 A real-time colorimetric and ratiometric fluorescent probe for rapid detection of SO2 derivatives in living cells based on a nearinfrared benzopyrylium dye RSC Adv. 5 25409-15.
219. Hu C, Sun W, Cao J, Gao P, Wang J, Fan J, Song F, Sun S and Peng X 2013 A Ratiometric near-infrared fluorescent probe for hydrazine and its in vivo applications Org. Lett. 15 4022-5.
220. Zhu S, Lin W and Yuan L 2013 Development of a nearinfrared fluorescent probe for monitoring hydrazine in serum and living cells Anal. Methods 5 3450-3.
221. Jing X, Yu F and Chen L 2014 Visualization of nitroxyl (HNO) in vivo via a lysosome-targetable near-infrared fluorescent probe Chem. Commun. 50 14253-6.
222. Wrobel A T, Johnstone T C, Deliz Liang A, Lippard S J and Rivera-Fuentes P 2014 A fast and selective near-infrared fluorescent sensor for multicolor imaging of biological nitroxyl (HNO) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 136 4697-705.
223. Saravanan C, Easwaramoorthi S, Hsiow C-Y, Wang K, Hayashi M and Wang L 2014 Benzoselenadiazole fluorescent probes-near-IR optical and ratiometric fluorescence sensor for fluoride ion Org. Lett. 16 354-7.
224. Yang X et al 2015 A diketopyrrolopyrrole-based nearinfrared sensor for selective recognition of fluoride ions Sensors Actuators B 210 784-94.
225. Liu S, Shi F, Zhao X, Chen L and Su X 2013 3-Aminophenyl boronic acid-functionalized CuInS2 quantum dots as a near-infrared fluorescence probe for the determination of dopamine Biosens. Bioelectron. 47 379-84.
226. Zhao Y, Li Y, Wang Y, Zheng J and Yang R 2014 A new strategy for fluorometric detection of ascorbic acid based on hydrolysis and redox reaction RSC Adv. 4 35112-5.
227. Newman R H, Fosbrink M D and Zhang J 2011 Genetically encodable fluorescent biosensors for tracking signaling dynamics in living cells Chem. Rev. 111 3614-66.
228. Shcherbakova D M, Subach O M and Verkhusha V V 2012 Red fluorescent proteins: Advanced imaging applications and future design Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 51 10724-38.
229. Zhao Y et al 2011 An expanded palette of genetically encoded Ca2+ indicators Science 333 1888-91.
230. Wu J et al 2013 Improved orange and red Ca2+ indicators and photophysical considerations for optogenetic applications ACS Chem. Neurosci. 4 963-72.
231. Wu J et al 2014 Red fluorescent genetically encoded Ca2+ indicators for use in mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum Biochem. J. 464 13-22.
232. Wu J et al 2014 A long Stokes shift red fluorescent Ca2+ indicator protein for two-photon and ratiometric imaging Nat. Commun. 5 5262.
233. Tantama M, Hung Y P and Yellen G 2011 Imaging intracellular pH in live cells with a genetically encoded red fluorescent protein sensor J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133 10034-7.
234. Shen Y, Rosendale M, Campbell R E and Perrais D 2014 pHuji, a pH-sensitive red fluorescent protein for imaging of exo- and endocytosis J. Cell Biol. 207 419-32.
235. Lukyanov K A and Belousov V V 2014 Genetically encoded fluorescent redox sensors Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA)- Gen. Subjects 1840 745-56.
236. Fan Y, Chen Z and Ai H 2015 Monitoring redox dynamics in living cells with a redox-sensitive red fluorescent protein Anal. Chem. 87 2802-10.
237. Borisov S M, Gatterer K, Bitschnau B and Klimant I 2010 Preparation and characterization of chromium(III)- activated yttrium aluminum borate: A new thermographic phosphor for optical sensing and imaging at ambient temperatures J. Phys. Chem. C 114 9118-24.
238. Borisov S M, Gatterer K and Klimant I 2010 Red lightexcitable dual lifetime referenced optical pH sensors with intrinsic temperature compensation Analyst 135 1711-7.
239. Borisov S M, Würth C, Resch-Genger U and Klimant I 2013 New life of ancient pigments: Application in highperformance optical sensing materials Anal. Chem. 85 9371-7.
240. Accorsi G, Verri G, Bolognesi M, Armaroli N, Clementi C, Miliani C and Romani A 2009 The exceptional near-infrared luminescence properties of cuprorivaite (Egyptian blue) Chem. Commun. 2009 3392-4.
241. Borek C et al 2007 Highly efficient, near-infrared electrophosphorescence from a Pt-metalloporphyrin complex Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 46 1109-12.
242. Graham K R, Yang Y, Sommer J R, Shelton A H, Schanze K S, Xue J and Reynolds J R 2011 Extended conjugation platinum(II) porphyrins for use in nearinfrared emitting organic light emitting diodes Chem. Mater. 23 5305-12.
243. Bonnett R 1995 Photosensitizers of the porphyrin and phthalocyanine series for photodynamic therapy Chem. Soc. Rev. 24 19-33.
244. O'Connor A E, Gallagher W M and Byrne A T 2009 Porphyrin and nonporphyrin photosensitizers in oncology: preclinical and clinical advances in photodynamic therapy Photochem. Photobiol. 85 1053-74.
245. Singh-Rachford T N and Castellano F N 2010 Photon upconversion based on sensitized triplet-triplet annihilation Coord. Chem. Rev. 254 2560-73.
246. Zhao J, Ji S and Guo H 2011 Triplet-triplet annihilation based upconversion: from triplet sensitizers and triplet acceptors to upconversion quantum yields RSC Adv. 1 937-50.
247. Svagan A J, Busko D, Avlasevich Y, Glasser G, Baluschev S and Landfester K 2014 Photon energy upconverting nanopaper: A bioinspired oxygen protection strategy ACS Nano 8 8198-207.
248. Singh-Rachford T N and Castellano F N 2010 Triplet sensitized red-to-blue photon upconversion J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 1 195-200.
249. Jiang Z, Xu M, Li F and Yu Y 2013 Red-light-controllable liquid-crystal soft actuators via low-power excited upconversion based on triplet-triplet annihilation J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135 16446-53.
250. Kim J-H, Deng F, Castellano F N and Kim J-H 2014 Red-toblue/cyan/green upconverting microcapsules for aqueousand dry-phase color tuning and magnetic sorting ACS Photon. 1 382-8.
251. Currie M J, Mapel J K, Heidel T D, Goffri S and Baldo M A 2008 High-efficiency organic solar concentrators for photovoltaics Science 321 226-8.