Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases: Are Fructose-Containing Sugars More Involved Than Other Dietary Calories?

Current Hypertension Reports

Volumn 18, Issue 6, 2016, Pages

  Rosset, Robin ^a   Surowska, Anna ^a   Tappy, Luc ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LAUSANNE   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Endothelial dysfunction; Fructose and cardiovascular disease; Metabolic disease and sugar; Sugars and cardiovascular disease; Sympathetic nervous system; Uric acid; Visceral obesity

Indexed keywords

FRUCTOSE; GLUCOSE;

CALORIC INTAKE; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; HUMAN; LIPOGENESIS; METABOLIC DISORDER; METABOLISM; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; RISK FACTOR;

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; ENERGY INTAKE; FRUCTOSE; GLUCOSE; HUMANS; LIPOGENESIS; METABOLIC DISEASES; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 84964733886     PISSN: 15226417     EISSN: 15343111     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11906-016-0652-7     Document Type: Review

References (68)

1. Ng M et al. Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet. 2014;384(9945):766–81.
2. DeMarco VG, Aroor AR, Sowers JR. The pathophysiology of hypertension in patients with obesity. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2014;10(6):364–76.
3. World Health Organisation. Guideline: sugars intake for adults and children. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015. 49.
4. Sun SZ et al. Fructose and non-fructose sugar intakes in the US population and their associations with indicators of metabolic syndrome. Food Chem Toxicol. 2011;49(11):2875–82.
5. Hu FB. Resolved: there is sufficient scientific evidence that decreasing sugar-sweetened beverage consumption will reduce the prevalence of obesity and obesity-related diseases. Obes Rev. 2013;14(8):606–19.
6. Bray GA, Popkin BM. Dietary sugar and body weight: have we reached a crisis in the epidemic of obesity and diabetes? Health be damned! Pour on the sugar. Diabetes Care. 2014;37(4):950–6.
7. Kaiser KA et al. Will reducing sugar-sweetened beverage consumption reduce obesity? Evidence supporting conjecture is strong, but evidence when testing effect is weak. Obes Rev. 2013;14(8):620–33.
8. Kahn R, Sievenpiper JL. Dietary sugar and body weight: have we reached a crisis in the epidemic of obesity and diabetes? We have, but the pox on sugar is overwrought and overworked. Diabetes Care. 2014;37(4):957–62.
9. Campos VC, Tappy L. Physiological handling of dietary fructose-containing sugars: implications for health. Int J Obes. 2016;40 Suppl 1:S6–11.
10. Van den Berghe G. Fructose: metabolism and short-term effects on carbohydrate and purine metabolic pathways. Prog Biochem Pharmacol. 1986;21:1–32.
11. Sun SZ, Empie MW. Fructose metabolism in humans—what isotopic tracer studies tell us. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2012;9(1):89. A very complete review on the state of knowledge of human fructose metabolism, as assessed by studies using isotopic tracers.
12. Te Morenga L, Mallard S, Mann J. Dietary sugars and body weight: systematic review and meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials and cohort studies. BMJ. 2013;346:e7492. The reference meta-analysis regarding the relationships between sugar intake and body weight.
13. Stanhope KL et al. Consuming fructose-sweetened, not glucose-sweetened, beverages increases visceral adiposity and lipids and decreases insulin sensitivity in overweight/obese humans. J Clin Invest. 2009;119(5):1322–34.
14. Fabbrini E et al. Intrahepatic fat, not visceral fat, is linked with metabolic complications of obesity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009;106(36):15430–5.
15. Ngo Sock ET et al. Effects of a short-term overfeeding with fructose or glucose in healthy young males. Br J Nutr. 2010;103(7):939–43.
16. Ricchi M et al. Differential effect of oleic and palmitic acid on lipid accumulation and apoptosis in cultured hepatocytes. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009;24(5):830–40.
17. Miyazaki M et al. Hepatic stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 deficiency protects mice from carbohydrate-induced adiposity and hepatic steatosis. Cell Metab. 2007;6(6):484–96.
18. Siddiqui RA et al. Comparative study of the modulation of fructose/sucrose-induced hepatic steatosis by mixed lipid formulations varying in unsaturated fatty acid content. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2015;12:41.
19. Fumagalli M et al. Greenlandic Inuit show genetic signatures of diet and climate adaptation. Science. 2015;349(6254):1343–7.
20. Johnston RD et al. No difference between high-fructose and high-glucose diets on liver triacylglycerol or biochemistry in healthy overweight men. Gastroenterology. 2013;145(5):1016–1025 e2. One of the few intervention studies having compared fructose to another reference nutrient (glucose) at both weight maintenance energy intake hypercaloric energy intake.
21. Lecoultre V et al. Effects of fructose and glucose overfeeding on hepatic insulin sensitivity and intrahepatic lipids in healthy humans. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2013;21(4):782–5. A compilation of studies comparing the effects of fructose, fat and glucose on hepatic fat content.
22. Schwarz JM et al. Effect of a high-fructose weight-maintaining diet on lipogenesis and liver fat. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015;100(6):2434–42. One of the few intervention studies having assessed the effects of fructose ingested as part of a weight maintenance energy intake.
23. Egli L et al. Exercise prevents fructose-induced hypertriglyceridemia in healthy young subjects. Diabetes. 2013;62(7):2259–65. One of the few intervention studies having assessed the effects of fructose ingested as part of a weight maintenance energy intake.
24. Te Morenga LA et al. Dietary sugars and cardiometabolic risk: systematic review and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials of the effects on blood pressure and lipids. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014;100(1):65–79.
25. Chong MF, Fielding BA, Frayn KN. Mechanisms for the acute effect of fructose on postprandial lipemia. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007;85(6):1511–20.
26. Zhang YH et al. Very high fructose intake increases serum LDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol: a meta-analysis of controlled feeding trials. J Nutr. 2013;143(9):1391–8.
27. Reaven GM, Ho H, Hoffman BB. Effects of a fructose-enriched diet on plasma insulin and triglyceride concentration in SHR and WKY rats. Horm Metab Res. 1990;22(7):363–5.
28. Taghibiglou C et al. Mechanisms of hepatic very low density lipoprotein overproduction in insulin resistance. Evidence for enhanced lipoprotein assembly, reduced intracellular ApoB degradation, and increased microsomal triglyceride transfer protein in a fructose-fed hamster model. J Biol Chem. 2000;275(12):8416–25.
29. Laughlin MR. Normal roles for dietary fructose in carbohydrate metabolism. Nutrients. 2014;6(8):3117–29.
30. Jalal DI et al. Increased fructose associates with elevated blood pressure. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010;21(9):1543–9.
31. Le KA et al. A 4-wk high-fructose diet alters lipid metabolism without affecting insulin sensitivity or ectopic lipids in healthy humans. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;84(6):1374–9.
32. Perez-Pozo SE et al. Excessive fructose intake induces the features of metabolic syndrome in healthy adult men: role of uric acid in the hypertensive response. Int J Obes. 2010;34(3):454–61.
33. Klein AV, Kiat H. The mechanisms underlying fructose-induced hypertension: a review. J Hypertens. 2015;33(5):912–20.
34. Young JB, Weiss J, Boufath N. Effects of dietary monosaccharides on sympathetic nervous system activity in adipose tissues of male rats. Diabetes. 2004;53(5):1271–8.
35. Berne C, Fagius J, Niklasson F. Sympathetic response to oral carbohydrate administration. Evidence from microelectrode nerve recordings. J Clin Invest. 1989;84(5):1403–9.
36. Acheson K, Jequier E, Wahren J. Influence of beta-adrenergic blockade on glucose-induced thermogenesis in man. J Clin Invest. 1983;72(3):981–6.
37. Astrup A et al. Contribution of BAT and skeletal muscle to thermogenesis induced by ephedrine in man. Am J Physiol. 1985;248(5 Pt 1):E507–15.
38. van Marken Lichtenbelt WD et al. Cold-activated brown adipose tissue in healthy men. N Engl J Med. 2009;360(15):1500–8.
39. Wu J et al. Beige adipocytes are a distinct type of thermogenic fat cell in mouse and human. Cell. 2012;150(2):366–76.
40. Harms M, Seale P. Brown and beige fat: development, function and therapeutic potential. Nat Med. 2013;19(10):1252–63.
41. Vollenweider P et al. Differential effects of hyperinsulinemia and carbohydrate metabolism on sympathetic nerve activity and muscle blood flow in humans. J Clin Invest. 1993;92(1):147–54.
42. Scherrer U et al. Nitric oxide release accounts for insulin’s vascular effects in humans. J Clin Invest. 1994;94(6):2511–5.
43. Steinberg HO et al. Insulin-mediated skeletal muscle vasodilation is nitric oxide dependent. A novel action of insulin to increase nitric oxide release. J Clin Invest. 1994;94(3):1172–9.
44. Schwarz JM et al. Thermogenesis and fructose metabolism in humans. Am J Physiol. 1992;262(5 Pt 1):E591–8.
45. Seematter G et al. Effects of mental stress on insulin-mediated glucose metabolism and energy expenditure in lean and obese women. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2000;279(4):E799–805.
46. Abdel-Sayed A et al. A high-fructose diet impairs basal and stress-mediated lipid metabolism in healthy male subjects. Br J Nutr. 2008;100(2):393–9.
47. Seematter G et al. Relationship between stress, inflammation and metabolism. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2004;7(2):169–73.
48. Hoeldtke RD, Streeten DH. Treatment of orthostatic hypotension with erythropoietin. N Engl J Med. 1993;329(9):611–5.
49. Brown CM et al. Fructose ingestion acutely elevates blood pressure in healthy young humans. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2008;294(3):R730–7.
50. Grasser EK, Dulloo A, Montani JP. Cardiovascular responses to the ingestion of sugary drinks using a randomised cross-over study design: does glucose attenuate the blood pressure-elevating effect of fructose? Br J Nutr. 2014;112(2):183–92.
51. Ali M, Rellos P, Cox TM. Hereditary fructose intolerance. J Med Genet. 1998;35(5):353–65.
52. Johnson RJ et al. Sugar, uric acid, and the etiology of diabetes and obesity. Diabetes. 2013;62(10):3307–15.
53. Wang DD et al. The effects of fructose intake on serum uric acid vary among controlled dietary trials. J Nutr. 2012;142(5):916–23.
54. Faeh D et al. Effect of fructose overfeeding and fish oil administration on hepatic de novo lipogenesis and insulin sensitivity in healthy men. Diabetes. 2005;54(7):1907–13.
55. Raivio KO et al. Stimulation of human purine synthesis de novo by fructose infusion. Metabolism. 1975;24(7):861–9.
56. MacFarlane LA, Kim SC. Gout: a review of nonmodifiable and modifiable risk factors. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2014;40(4):581–604.
57. Martinon F et al. Gout-associated uric acid crystals activate the NALP3 inflammasome. Nature. 2006;440(7081):237–41.
58. de Rooij SR et al. Low-grade chronic inflammation in the relationship between insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular disease (RISC) population: associations with insulin resistance and cardiometabolic risk profile. Diabetes Care. 2009;32(7):1295–301.
59. Lanaspa MA et al. Uric acid stimulates fructokinase and accelerates fructose metabolism in the development of fatty liver. PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e47948. This experiment on hepatocytes describes new potentiel mechanism relating fructose intake and cardiovascular diseases.
60. Lanaspa MA et al. Uric acid induces hepatic steatosis by generation of mitochondrial oxidative stress: potential role in fructose-dependent and -independent fatty liver. J Biol Chem. 2012;287(48):40732–44. One of the few intervention studies having assessed the effects of fructose ingested as part of a weight maintenance energy.
61. Kanbay M et al. The role of uric acid in the pathogenesis of human cardiovascular disease. Heart. 2013;99(11):759–66.
62. Fields M, Lewis CG. Dietary fructose but not starch is responsible for hyperlipidemia associated with copper deficiency in rats: effect of high-fat diet. J Am Coll Nutr. 1999;18(1):83–7.
63. Busserolles J et al. High fructose feeding of magnesium deficient rats is associated with increased plasma triglyceride concentration and increased oxidative stress. Magnes Res. 2003;16(1):7–12.
64. Ares GR, Ortiz PA. Direct renal effects of a fructose-enriched diet: interaction with high salt intake. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2015;309(9):R1078–81. This minireview hints to specific effects of fructose on kidney function.
65. Song J et al. Effects of dietary fat, NaCl, and fructose on renal sodium and water transporter abundances and systemic blood pressure. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2004;287(6):F1204–12.
66. Douard V, Ferraris RP. The role of fructose transporters in diseases linked to excessive fructose intake. J Physiol. 2013;591(2):401–14.
67. Quinones-Galvan A, Ferrannini E. Renal effects of insulin in man. J Nephrol. 1997;10(4):188–91.
68. Casazza K et al. Myths, presumptions, and facts about obesity. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(5):446–54.