메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 32, Issue 2, 2016, Pages 181-202

Bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) bioactive composition and health benefits: A review

Author keywords

Antidiabetic effects; bioactive compounds; bitter melon; mechanism of actions

Indexed keywords

DEVELOPING COUNTRIES;

EID: 84956667497     PISSN: 87559129     EISSN: 15256103     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2015.1057843     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (115)

References (122)
  • 2
    • 2942538292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological actions and potential uses of Momordica charantia: A review
    • J.K.Grover, ; S.P.Yadav, Pharmacological actions and potential uses of Momordica charantia: A review. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2004, 93, 123–132.
    • (2004) J. Ethnopharmacol , vol.93 , pp. 123-132
    • Grover, J.K.1    Yadav, S.P.2
  • 3
    • 84860188910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of ripening stages on physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant properties of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia)
    • A.Aminah, ; P.K.Anna, Influence of ripening stages on physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant properties of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia). Int. Food Res. J. 2011, 18, 895–900.
    • (2011) Int. Food Res. J , vol.18 , pp. 895-900
    • Aminah, A.1    Anna, P.K.2
  • 4
    • 0038283005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bitter melon (Momordica charantia): A review of efficacy and safety
    • E.Basch, ; S.Gabardi, ; C.Ulbricht, Bitter melon (Momordica charantia): A review of efficacy and safety. Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm. 2003, 60, 356–359.
    • (2003) Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm , vol.60 , pp. 356-359
    • Basch, E.1    Gabardi, S.2    Ulbricht, C.3
  • 6
    • 26244447838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beneficial effect and mechanism of action of Momordica Charantia in the treatment of diabetes mellitus: A mini review
    • G.Celia, ; E.Cummings, ; A.P.David, ; S.Jaipaul, Beneficial effect and mechanism of action of Momordica Charantia in the treatment of diabetes mellitus: A mini review. Int. J. Diabetes Metab. 2003, 11, 46–55.
    • (2003) Int. J. Diabetes Metab , vol.11 , pp. 46-55
    • Celia, G.1    Cummings, E.2    David, A.P.3    Jaipaul, S.4
  • 7
    • 0033918062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review on some plants of Indian traditional medicine with antioxidant activity
    • P.Scartezzini, ; E.Speroni, Review on some plants of Indian traditional medicine with antioxidant activity. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2000, 71, 23–43.
    • (2000) J. Ethnopharmacol , vol.71 , pp. 23-43
    • Scartezzini, P.1    Speroni, E.2
  • 8
    • 0013149054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) or ginger rhizome (Zingiber offifinale rosc) on spontaneous mammary tumorigenesis in SHN mice
    • H.Nagasawa, ; K.Watanabe, ; H.Inatomi, Effects of bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) or ginger rhizome (Zingiber offifinale rosc) on spontaneous mammary tumorigenesis in SHN mice. Am. J. Chin. Med. 2002, 30, 195–205.
    • (2002) Am. J. Chin. Med , vol.30 , pp. 195-205
    • Nagasawa, H.1    Watanabe, K.2    Inatomi, H.3
  • 9
    • 1542290589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cancer preventive potential of Momordica charantia L. against benzo(a)pyrene induced fore-stomach tumourigenesis in murine model system
    • G.Deep, ; T.Dasgupta, ; A.R.Rao, ; R.K.Kale, Cancer preventive potential of Momordica charantia L. against benzo(a)pyrene induced fore-stomach tumourigenesis in murine model system. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 2004, 42, 319–322.
    • (2004) Indian J. Exp. Biol , vol.42 , pp. 319-322
    • Deep, G.1    Dasgupta, T.2    Rao, A.R.3    Kale, R.K.4
  • 10
    • 0032536169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Momordica charantia (Bitter Gourd) peel, pulp, seed and whole fruit extract inhibits mouse skin papillomagenesis
    • A.Singh, ; S.P.Singh, ; R.Bamezai, Momordica charantia (Bitter Gourd) peel, pulp, seed and whole fruit extract inhibits mouse skin papillomagenesis. Toxicol. Lett. 1998, 94, 37–46.
    • (1998) Toxicol. Lett , vol.94 , pp. 37-46
    • Singh, A.1    Singh, S.P.2    Bamezai, R.3
  • 11
    • 0037271368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of bitter melon (Momordica charantia Linn.) on level and function of natural killer cells in cervical cancer patients with radiotherapy
    • S.Pongnikorn, ; D.Fongmoon, ; W.Kasinrerk, ; P.N.Limtrakul, Effect of bitter melon (Momordica charantia Linn.) on level and function of natural killer cells in cervical cancer patients with radiotherapy. J. Med. Assoc. Thai. 2003, 86, 61–68.
    • (2003) J. Med. Assoc. Thai , vol.86 , pp. 61-68
    • Pongnikorn, S.1    Fongmoon, D.2    Kasinrerk, W.3    Limtrakul, P.N.4
  • 13
    • 11144323815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of P-glycoprotein activity and reversal of cancer multidrug resistance by Momordica charantia extract
    • P.Limtrakul, ; O.Khantamat, ; K.Pintha, Inhibition of P-glycoprotein activity and reversal of cancer multidrug resistance by Momordica charantia extract. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 2004, 54, 525–530.
    • (2004) Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol , vol.54 , pp. 525-530
    • Limtrakul, P.1    Khantamat, O.2    Pintha, K.3
  • 14
    • 22444435396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bitter gourd seed fatty acid rich in 9c,11t,13t-conjugated linolenic acid induces apoptosis and up-regulates the GADD45, p53 and PPARγ in human colon cancer Caco-2 cells
    • Y.Yasui, ; M.Hosokawa, ; T.Sahara, ; R.Suzuki, ; S.Ohgiya, ; H.Kohno, ; T.Tanaka, ; K.Miyashita, Bitter gourd seed fatty acid rich in 9c,11t,13t-conjugated linolenic acid induces apoptosis and up-regulates the GADD45, p53 and PPARγ in human colon cancer Caco-2 cells. Prostaglandins Leukotrienes Essent. Fatty Acids 2005, 73, 113–119.
    • (2005) Prostaglandins Leukotrienes Essent. Fatty Acids , vol.73 , pp. 113-119
    • Yasui, Y.1    Hosokawa, M.2    Sahara, T.3    Suzuki, R.4    Ohgiya, S.5    Kohno, H.6    Tanaka, T.7    Miyashita, K.8
  • 15
    • 0026720825 scopus 로고
    • Proteins with abortifacient, ribosome inactivating, immunomodulatory, antitumor and anti-AIDS activities from Cucurbitaceae plants
    • T.B.Ng, ; W.Y.Chan, ; H.W.Yeung, Proteins with abortifacient, ribosome inactivating, immunomodulatory, antitumor and anti-AIDS activities from Cucurbitaceae plants. Gen. Pharmacol. 1992, 23, 579–590.
    • (1992) Gen. Pharmacol , vol.23 , pp. 579-590
    • Ng, T.B.1    Chan, W.Y.2    Yeung, H.W.3
  • 16
    • 9644280963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnomedicinal uses of Momordica charantia (Cucurbitaceae) in Togo and relation to its phytochemistry and biological activity
    • N.Beloin, ; M.Gbeassor, ; K.Akpagana, ; J.Hudson, ; K.de Soussa, ; K.Koumaglo, ; J.T.Arnason, Ethnomedicinal uses of Momordica charantia (Cucurbitaceae) in Togo and relation to its phytochemistry and biological activity. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2005, 96, 49–55.
    • (2005) J. Ethnopharmacol , vol.96 , pp. 49-55
    • Beloin, N.1    Gbeassor, M.2    Akpagana, K.3    Hudson, J.4    de Soussa, K.5    Koumaglo, K.6    Arnason, J.T.7
  • 17
    • 36448970475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strawberry, loquat, mulberry, and bitter melon juices exhibit prophylactic effects on LPS-induced inflammation using murine peritoneal macrophages
    • J.Lin, ; C.Tang, Strawberry, loquat, mulberry, and bitter melon juices exhibit prophylactic effects on LPS-induced inflammation using murine peritoneal macrophages. Food Chem. 2008, 107, 1587–1596.
    • (2008) Food Chem , vol.107 , pp. 1587-1596
    • Lin, J.1    Tang, C.2
  • 19
    • 0026064905 scopus 로고
    • Analgesic effect of Momordica charantia seed extract in mice and rats
    • A.R.Biswas, ; S.Ramaswamy, ; J.S.Bapna, Analgesic effect of Momordica charantia seed extract in mice and rats. J. Ethnopharmacol. 1991, 31, 115–118.
    • (1991) J. Ethnopharmacol , vol.31 , pp. 115-118
    • Biswas, A.R.1    Ramaswamy, S.2    Bapna, J.S.3
  • 20
    • 0036594042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-rheumatoid arthritis effect of the Kochia scoparia fruits and activity comparison of momordin lc, its prosapogenin and sapogenin
    • J.Choi, ; K.T.Lee, ; H.Jung, ; H.S.Park, ; H.J.Park, Anti-rheumatoid arthritis effect of the Kochia scoparia fruits and activity comparison of momordin lc, its prosapogenin and sapogenin. Arch. Pharmacol. Res. 2002, 25, 336–342.
    • (2002) Arch. Pharmacol. Res , vol.25 , pp. 336-342
    • Choi, J.1    Lee, K.T.2    Jung, H.3    Park, H.S.4    Park, H.J.5
  • 21
    • 77953931932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Momordica charantia (bitter melon) inhibits primary human adipocyte differentiation by modulating adipogenic genes
    • P.V.Nerurkar, ; Y.K.Lee, ; V.R.Nerurkar, Momordica charantia (bitter melon) inhibits primary human adipocyte differentiation by modulating adipogenic genes. BMC Complement Altern. Med. 2010, 10, 34.
    • (2010) BMC Complement Altern. Med , vol.10 , pp. 34
    • Nerurkar, P.V.1    Lee, Y.K.2    Nerurkar, V.R.3
  • 22
    • 4644235976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) extracts on serum and liver lipid parameters in hamsters fed cholesterol-free and cholesterol-enriched diets
    • G.V.Senanayake, ; M.Maruyama, ; M.Sakono, ; N.Fukuda, ; T.Morishita, ; C.Yukizaki, ; M.Kawano, ; H.Ohta, The effects of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) extracts on serum and liver lipid parameters in hamsters fed cholesterol-free and cholesterol-enriched diets. J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. (Tokyo) 2004, 50, 253–257.
    • (2004) J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. (Tokyo) , vol.50 , pp. 253-257
    • Senanayake, G.V.1    Maruyama, M.2    Sakono, M.3    Fukuda, N.4    Morishita, T.5    Yukizaki, C.6    Kawano, M.7    Ohta, H.8
  • 23
    • 31544471395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced adiposity in bitter melon (Momordica charantia)–fed rats is associated with increased lipid oxidative enzyme activities and uncoupling protein expression
    • L.L.Y.Chan, ; Q.Chen, ; A.G.G.Go, ; E.K.Y.Lam, ; E.T.S.Li, Reduced adiposity in bitter melon (Momordica charantia)–fed rats is associated with increased lipid oxidative enzyme activities and uncoupling protein expression. J. Nutr. 2005, 135, 2517–2523.
    • (2005) J. Nutr , vol.135 , pp. 2517-2523
    • Chan, L.L.Y.1    Chen, Q.2    Go, A.G.G.3    Lam, E.K.Y.4    Li, E.T.S.5
  • 24
    • 35748941961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An experimental evaluation of the antidiabetic and antilipidemic properties of a standardized Momordica charantia fruit extract
    • N.P.C.Fernandes, ; C.V.Lagishetty, ; V.S.Panda, ; S.R.Naik, An experimental evaluation of the antidiabetic and antilipidemic properties of a standardized Momordica charantia fruit extract. BMC Complement Altern. Med. 2007, 7, 29–33.
    • (2007) BMC Complement Altern. Med , vol.7 , pp. 29-33
    • Fernandes, N.P.C.1    Lagishetty, C.V.2    Panda, V.S.3    Naik, S.R.4
  • 25
    • 79952087993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary bitter melon seed increases peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma gene expression in adipose tissue, down-regulates the nuclear factor-kappaB expression, and alleviates the symptoms associated with metabolic syndrome
    • V.Gadang, ; W.Gilbert, ; N.Hettiararchchy, ; R.Horax, ; L.Katwa, ; L.Devareddy, Dietary bitter melon seed increases peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma gene expression in adipose tissue, down-regulates the nuclear factor-kappaB expression, and alleviates the symptoms associated with metabolic syndrome. J. Med. Food. 2011, 14, 86–93.
    • (2011) J. Med. Food , vol.14 , pp. 86-93
    • Gadang, V.1    Gilbert, W.2    Hettiararchchy, N.3    Horax, R.4    Katwa, L.5    Devareddy, L.6
  • 26
    • 34247590159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of Momordica charantia capsule preparation on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus needs further studies
    • A.M.L.Dans, ; M.V.C.Villarruz, ; C.A.Jimeno, ; M.A.U.Javelosa, ; J.Chua, ; R.Bautista, ; G.G.B.Velez, The effect of Momordica charantia capsule preparation on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus needs further studies. J. Clin. Epidemiol. 2007, 60, 554–559.
    • (2007) J. Clin. Epidemiol , vol.60 , pp. 554-559
    • Dans, A.M.L.1    Villarruz, M.V.C.2    Jimeno, C.A.3    Javelosa, M.A.U.4    Chua, J.5    Bautista, R.6    Velez, G.G.B.7
  • 27
    • 0037385896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bitter melon (Momordica charantia) reduces adiposity, lowers serum insulin and normalizes glucose tolerance in rats fed a high fat diet
    • Q.Chen, ; L.Chan, ; E.Li, Bitter melon (Momordica charantia) reduces adiposity, lowers serum insulin and normalizes glucose tolerance in rats fed a high fat diet. J. Nutr. 2003, 133, 1088–1093.
    • (2003) J. Nutr , vol.133 , pp. 1088-1093
    • Chen, Q.1    Chan, L.2    Li, E.3
  • 28
    • 11144233279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of Momordica charantia on lipid profile and oral glucose tolerance in diabetic rats
    • P.Chaturvedi, ; S.George, ; M.Milinganyo, ; Y.B.Tripathi, Effect of Momordica charantia on lipid profile and oral glucose tolerance in diabetic rats. Phytother. Res. 2004, 18, 954–956.
    • (2004) Phytother. Res , vol.18 , pp. 954-956
    • Chaturvedi, P.1    George, S.2    Milinganyo, M.3    Tripathi, Y.B.4
  • 29
    • 0022785673 scopus 로고
    • Extra-pancreatic effects of Momordica charantia in rats
    • J.Welihinda, ; E.H.Karunanayake, Extra-pancreatic effects of Momordica charantia in rats. J. Ethnopharmacol. 1986, 17, 247–255.
    • (1986) J. Ethnopharmacol , vol.17 , pp. 247-255
    • Welihinda, J.1    Karunanayake, E.H.2
  • 30
    • 21144434516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beneficial effects of Momordica charantia seeds in the treatment of STZ-induced diabetes in experimental rats
    • D.Sathishsekar, ; S.Subramanian, Beneficial effects of Momordica charantia seeds in the treatment of STZ-induced diabetes in experimental rats. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 2005, 28, 978–983.
    • (2005) Biol. Pharm. Bull , vol.28 , pp. 978-983
    • Sathishsekar, D.1    Subramanian, S.2
  • 31
    • 0027373553 scopus 로고
    • Studies on hypoglycemic effects of fruit pulp, seed, and whole plant of Momordica charantia on normal and diabetic model rats
    • L.Ali, ; A.K.Khan, ; M.I.Mamun, ; M.Mosihuzzaman, ; N.Nahar, ; M.Nur-e-Alam, ; B.Rokeya, Studies on hypoglycemic effects of fruit pulp, seed, and whole plant of Momordica charantia on normal and diabetic model rats. Planta Med. 1993, 59, 408–412.
    • (1993) Planta Med , vol.59 , pp. 408-412
    • Ali, L.1    Khan, A.K.2    Mamun, M.I.3    Mosihuzzaman, M.4    Nahar, N.5    Nur-e-Alam, M.6    Rokeya, B.7
  • 35
    • 0000713336 scopus 로고
    • Ethnobotany and the economic role of the Cucurbitaceae of China
    • S.L.Yang, ; T.W.Walters, Ethnobotany and the economic role of the Cucurbitaceae of China. Econ. Bot. 1992, 46, 349–367.
    • (1992) Econ. Bot , vol.46 , pp. 349-367
    • Yang, S.L.1    Walters, T.W.2
  • 36
    • 0032837409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biosynthesis of carotenoids in bittermelon at high temperature
    • T.L.H.Tran, ; L.C.Raymundo, Biosynthesis of carotenoids in bittermelon at high temperature. Phytochemistry 1999, 52, 275–280.
    • (1999) Phytochemistry , vol.52 , pp. 275-280
    • Tran, T.L.H.1    Raymundo, L.C.2
  • 37
    • 79551519306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carotenoid content and expression of phytoene synthase and phytoene desaturase genes in bitter melon (Momordica charantia)
    • P.A.Tuan, ; J.K.Kim, ; N.I.Park, ; S.Y.Lee, ; S.U.Park, Carotenoid content and expression of phytoene synthase and phytoene desaturase genes in bitter melon (Momordica charantia). Food Chem. 2011, 126, 1686–1692.
    • (2011) Food Chem , vol.126 , pp. 1686-1692
    • Tuan, P.A.1    Kim, J.K.2    Park, N.I.3    Lee, S.Y.4    Park, S.U.5
  • 38
    • 84893972356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microencapsulation of gac oil by spray drying: Optimization of wall material concentration and oil load using response surface methodology
    • T.C.Kha, ; M.H.Nguyen, ; P.D.Roach, ; C.E.Stathopoulos, Microencapsulation of gac oil by spray drying: Optimization of wall material concentration and oil load using response surface methodology. Dry. Technol. 2014, 32, 385–397.
    • (2014) Dry. Technol , vol.32 , pp. 385-397
    • Kha, T.C.1    Nguyen, M.H.2    Roach, P.D.3    Stathopoulos, C.E.4
  • 39
    • 84916804870 scopus 로고
    • Structures of momordicines I, II, and III, the bitter principles in the leaves and vines of Momordica charantia L
    • M.Yasuda, ; M.Iwamoto, ; H.Okabe, ; T.Yamauchi, Structures of momordicines I, II, and III, the bitter principles in the leaves and vines of Momordica charantia L. Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo) 1984, 32, 2044–2047.
    • (1984) Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo) , vol.32 , pp. 2044-2047
    • Yasuda, M.1    Iwamoto, M.2    Okabe, H.3    Yamauchi, T.4
  • 40
    • 0020446844 scopus 로고
    • Studies on the constituents of Momordica charantia L. IV. Characterization of the new cucurbitacin glycosides of the immature fruits. (2). Structures of the bitterglycosides, momordicosides K and L
    • H.Okabe, ; Y.Miyahara, ; T.Yamauchi, Studies on the constituents of Momordica charantia L. IV. Characterization of the new cucurbitacin glycosides of the immature fruits. (2). Structures of the bitterglycosides, momordicosides K and L. Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo) 1982, 30, 2753–2762.
    • (1982) Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo) , vol.30 , pp. 2753-2762
    • Okabe, H.1    Miyahara, Y.2    Yamauchi, T.3
  • 41
    • 19444370074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Total phenolic contents and phenolic acid constituents in 4 varieties of bitter melons (Momordica charantia) and antioxidant activities of their extracts
    • R.Horax, ; N.Hettiarachchy, ; S.Islam, Total phenolic contents and phenolic acid constituents in 4 varieties of bitter melons (Momordica charantia) and antioxidant activities of their extracts. J. Food Sci. 2005, 70, C275–C280.
    • (2005) J. Food Sci , vol.70 , pp. C275-C280
    • Horax, R.1    Hettiarachchy, N.2    Islam, S.3
  • 43
    • 84901858010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Greenhouse-grown bitter melon: Production and quality characteristics
    • S.P.Tan, ; S.E.Parks, ; C.E.Stathopoulos, ; P.D.Roach, Greenhouse-grown bitter melon: Production and quality characteristics. J. Sci. Food Agric. 2014, 94, 1896–1903.
    • (2014) J. Sci. Food Agric , vol.94 , pp. 1896-1903
    • Tan, S.P.1    Parks, S.E.2    Stathopoulos, C.E.3    Roach, P.D.4
  • 44
    • 35648936540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antioxidant capacity of leafy vegetables as affected by high tunnel environment, fertilisation and growth stage
    • X.Zhao, ; T.Iwamoto, ; E.E.Carey, Antioxidant capacity of leafy vegetables as affected by high tunnel environment, fertilisation and growth stage. J. Sci. Food Agric. 2007, 87, 2692–2699.
    • (2007) J. Sci. Food Agric , vol.87 , pp. 2692-2699
    • Zhao, X.1    Iwamoto, T.2    Carey, E.E.3
  • 45
    • 84857141083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cultivars, culture conditions, and harvest time influence phenolic and ascorbic acid contents and antioxidant capacity of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa)
    • J.Pincemail, ; C.Kevers, ; J.Tabart, ; J.-O.Defraigne, ; J.Dommes, Cultivars, culture conditions, and harvest time influence phenolic and ascorbic acid contents and antioxidant capacity of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa). J. Food Sci. 2012, 77, C205–C10.
    • (2012) J. Food Sci , vol.77 , pp. C10-C205
    • Pincemail, J.1    Kevers, C.2    Tabart, J.3    Defraigne, J.-O.4    Dommes, J.5
  • 46
    • 84864426153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antioxidant phytochemicals in lettuce grown in high tunnels and open field
    • M.Oh, ; E.E.Carey, ; C.B.Rajashekar, Antioxidant phytochemicals in lettuce grown in high tunnels and open field. Hortic. Environ. Biotechnol. 2011, 52, 133–139.
    • (2011) Hortic. Environ. Biotechnol , vol.52 , pp. 133-139
    • Oh, M.1    Carey, E.E.2    Rajashekar, C.B.3
  • 47
    • 0028829961 scopus 로고
    • Stress-induced phenylpropanoid metabolism
    • R.A.Dixon, ; N.L.Paiva, Stress-induced phenylpropanoid metabolism. Plant Cell 1995, 7, 1085–1097.
    • (1995) Plant Cell , vol.7 , pp. 1085-1097
    • Dixon, R.A.1    Paiva, N.L.2
  • 48
    • 84885133682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of organic and inorganic fertilizers application on the phytochemical and antioxidant activity of Kacip Fatimah (Labisia pumila Benth)
    • M.H.Ibrahim, ; H.Z.Jaafar, ; E.Karimi, ; A.Ghasemzadeh, Impact of organic and inorganic fertilizers application on the phytochemical and antioxidant activity of Kacip Fatimah (Labisia pumila Benth). Molecules 2013, 18, 10973–10988.
    • (2013) Molecules , vol.18 , pp. 10973-10988
    • Ibrahim, M.H.1    Jaafar, H.Z.2    Karimi, E.3    Ghasemzadeh, A.4
  • 49
    • 77950674523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extraction, quantification, and antioxidant activities of phenolics from pericarp and seeds of bitter melons (Momordica charantia) harvested at three maturity stages (immature, mature, and ripe)
    • R.Horax, ; N.Hettiarachchy, ; P.Chen, Extraction, quantification, and antioxidant activities of phenolics from pericarp and seeds of bitter melons (Momordica charantia) harvested at three maturity stages (immature, mature, and ripe). J. Agric. Food Chem. 2010, 58, 4428–4433.
    • (2010) J. Agric. Food Chem , vol.58 , pp. 4428-4433
    • Horax, R.1    Hettiarachchy, N.2    Chen, P.3
  • 51
    • 40449117390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) improves insulin sensitivity by increasing skeletal muscle insulin-stimulated IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation in high-fat-fed rats
    • M.G.Sridhar, ; R.Vinayagamoorthi, ; S.V.Arul, ; Z.Bobby, ; N.Selvaraj, Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) improves insulin sensitivity by increasing skeletal muscle insulin-stimulated IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation in high-fat-fed rats. Br. J. Nutr. 2008, 99, 806–812.
    • (2008) Br. J. Nutr , vol.99 , pp. 806-812
    • Sridhar, M.G.1    Vinayagamoorthi, R.2    Arul, S.V.3    Bobby, Z.4    Selvaraj, N.5
  • 52
    • 33746386763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia): A dietary approach to hyperglycemia
    • M.B.Krawinkel, ; G.B.Keding, Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia): A dietary approach to hyperglycemia. Nutr. Rev. 2006, 64, 331–337.
    • (2006) Nutr. Rev , vol.64 , pp. 331-337
    • Krawinkel, M.B.1    Keding, G.B.2
  • 53
    • 79960654604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strategies to improve palatability and increase consumption intentions for Momordica charantia (bitter melon): A vegetable commonly used for diabetes management
    • L.S.Snee, ; V.R.Nerurkar, ; D.A.Dooley, ; J.T.Efird, ; A.C.Shovic, ; P.V.Nerurkar, Strategies to improve palatability and increase consumption intentions for Momordica charantia (bitter melon): A vegetable commonly used for diabetes management. Nutr. J. 2011, 10, 78–88.
    • (2011) Nutr. J , vol.10 , pp. 78-88
    • Snee, L.S.1    Nerurkar, V.R.2    Dooley, D.A.3    Efird, J.T.4    Shovic, A.C.5    Nerurkar, P.V.6
  • 55
    • 84862335884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The improving effect of spray-drying encapsulation process on the bitter taste and stability of whey protein hydrolysate
    • S.Yang, ; X.Y.Mao, ; F.F.Li, ; D.Zhang, ; X.J.Leng, ; F.Z.Ren, ; G.X.Teng, The improving effect of spray-drying encapsulation process on the bitter taste and stability of whey protein hydrolysate. Eur. Food Res. Technol. 2012, 235, 91–97.
    • (2012) Eur. Food Res. Technol , vol.235 , pp. 91-97
    • Yang, S.1    Mao, X.Y.2    Li, F.F.3    Zhang, D.4    Leng, X.J.5    Ren, F.Z.6    Teng, G.X.7
  • 56
    • 84904270054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimized aqueous extraction of saponins from bitter melon for production of a saponin-enriched bitter melon powder
    • S.P.Tan, ; Q.V.Vuong, ; C.E.Stathopoulos, ; S.E.Parks, ; P.D.Roach, Optimized aqueous extraction of saponins from bitter melon for production of a saponin-enriched bitter melon powder. J. Food Sci. 2014, 79, E1372–E1381.
    • (2014) J. Food Sci , vol.79 , pp. E1372-E1381
    • Tan, S.P.1    Vuong, Q.V.2    Stathopoulos, C.E.3    Parks, S.E.4    Roach, P.D.5
  • 57
    • 84929328241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An optimised aqueous extract of phenolic compounds from bitter melon with high antioxidant capacity
    • S.P.Tan, ; S.E.Parks, ; C.E.Stathopoulos, ; P.D.Roach, An optimised aqueous extract of phenolic compounds from bitter melon with high antioxidant capacity. Antioxidants 2014, 3, 814–829.
    • (2014) Antioxidants , vol.3 , pp. 814-829
    • Tan, S.P.1    Parks, S.E.2    Stathopoulos, C.E.3    Roach, P.D.4
  • 58
    • 62549133053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced recovery of phenolic compounds from bitter melon (Momordica charantia) by subcritical water extraction
    • P.Budrat, ; A.Shotipruk, Enhanced recovery of phenolic compounds from bitter melon (Momordica charantia) by subcritical water extraction. Sep. Purif. Technol. 2009, 66, 125–129.
    • (2009) Sep. Purif. Technol , vol.66 , pp. 125-129
    • Budrat, P.1    Shotipruk, A.2
  • 59
    • 33746883879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of total phenolic and flavonoid contents in selected fruits and vegetables, as well as their stimulatory effects on mouse splenocyte proliferation
    • J.-Y.Lin, ; C.-Y.Tang, Determination of total phenolic and flavonoid contents in selected fruits and vegetables, as well as their stimulatory effects on mouse splenocyte proliferation. Food Chem. 2007, 101, 140–147.
    • (2007) Food Chem , vol.101 , pp. 140-147
    • Lin, J.-Y.1    Tang, C.-Y.2
  • 60
    • 36048966599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of wild bitter melon (Momordica charantia Linn
    • S.J.Wu, ; L.T.Ng, Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of wild bitter melon (Momordica charantia Linn. var. abbreviata Ser.) in Taiwan. LWT Food Sci. Technol. 2008, 41, 323–330.
    • (2008) var. abbreviata Ser.) in Taiwan. LWT Food Sci. Technol , vol.41 , pp. 323-330
    • Wu, S.J.1    Ng, L.T.2
  • 62
    • 43849096918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) leaf, stem and fruit fraction extracts in vitro
    • J.Kubola, ; S.Siriamornpun, Phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) leaf, stem and fruit fraction extracts in vitro. Food Chem. 2008, 110, 881–890.
    • (2008) Food Chem , vol.110 , pp. 881-890
    • Kubola, J.1    Siriamornpun, S.2
  • 63
    • 29344438045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of gentisic acid 5-O-beta-d-xylopyranoside in tomato and cucumber plants infected by different pathogens
    • J.Fayos, ; J.M.Belles, ; M.P.Lopez-Gresa, ; J.Primo, ; V.Conejero, Induction of gentisic acid 5-O-beta-d-xylopyranoside in tomato and cucumber plants infected by different pathogens. Phytochemistry 2006, 67, 142–148.
    • (2006) Phytochemistry , vol.67 , pp. 142-148
    • Fayos, J.1    Belles, J.M.2    Lopez-Gresa, M.P.3    Primo, J.4    Conejero, V.5
  • 64
    • 33644646489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accumulation of gentisic acid as associated with systemic infections but not with the hypersensitive response in plant-pathogen interactions
    • J.M.Belles, ; R.Garro, ; V.Pallas, ; J.Fayos, ; I.Rodrigo, ; V.Conejero, Accumulation of gentisic acid as associated with systemic infections but not with the hypersensitive response in plant-pathogen interactions. Planta 2006, 223, 500–511.
    • (2006) Planta , vol.223 , pp. 500-511
    • Belles, J.M.1    Garro, R.2    Pallas, V.3    Fayos, J.4    Rodrigo, I.5    Conejero, V.6
  • 65
    • 0034736046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advances in flavonoid research since 1992
    • J.B.Harborne, ; C.A.Williams, Advances in flavonoid research since 1992. Phytochemistry 2000, 55, 481–504.
    • (2000) Phytochemistry , vol.55 , pp. 481-504
    • Harborne, J.B.1    Williams, C.A.2
  • 66
    • 67650337094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extraction of phenolic compounds from fruits of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) with subcritical water extraction and antioxidant activities of these extracts
    • P.Budrat, ; A.Shotipruk, Extraction of phenolic compounds from fruits of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) with subcritical water extraction and antioxidant activities of these extracts. Chiang Mai J. Sci. 2008, 35, 123–130.
    • (2008) Chiang Mai J. Sci , vol.35 , pp. 123-130
    • Budrat, P.1    Shotipruk, A.2
  • 67
    • 0000032930 scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary aspects of caffeoyl ester distribution in dicotyledons
    • P.Mølgaard, ; H.Ravn, Evolutionary aspects of caffeoyl ester distribution in dicotyledons. Phytochemistry 1988, 27, 2411–2421.
    • (1988) Phytochemistry , vol.27 , pp. 2411-2421
    • Mølgaard, P.1    Ravn, H.2
  • 68
    • 49049150053 scopus 로고
    • Saponins in food—A review
    • D.Oakenfull, Saponins in food—A review. Food Chem. 1981, 7, 19–40.
    • (1981) Food Chem , vol.7 , pp. 19-40
    • Oakenfull, D.1
  • 70
    • 75649095221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cucurbitane-type triterpenoids in Momordica charantia Linn
    • S.Y.Lee, ; S.H.Eom, ; Y.K.Kim, ; N.I.Park, ; S.U.Park, Cucurbitane-type triterpenoids in Momordica charantia Linn. J. Med. Plants Res. 2009, 3, 1264–1269.
    • (2009) J. Med. Plants Res , vol.3 , pp. 1264-1269
    • Lee, S.Y.1    Eom, S.H.2    Kim, Y.K.3    Park, N.I.4    Park, S.U.5
  • 73
    • 0035992781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM): Are polyphenols and saponins the key ingredients triggering biological activities? Curr
    • J.Liu, ; T.Henkel, Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM): Are polyphenols and saponins the key ingredients triggering biological activities? Curr. Med. Chem. 2002, 9, 1483–1485.
    • (2002) Med. Chem , vol.9 , pp. 1483-1485
    • Liu, J.1    Henkel, T.2
  • 74
    • 0000138314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-diabetic properties and phytochemistry of Momordica charantia L
    • A.Raman, ; C.Lau, Anti-diabetic properties and phytochemistry of Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae). Phytomedicine 1996, 2, 349–362.
    • (1996) (Cucurbitaceae). Phytomedicine , vol.2 , pp. 349-362
    • Raman, A.1    Lau, C.2
  • 76
    • 0035144201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medicinal foodstuffs. XXI. Structures of new cucurbitane-type triterpene glycosides, goyaglycosides-a, -b, -c, -d, -e, -f, -g, and -h, and new oleanane-type triterpene saponins, goyasaponins I, II, and III, from the fresh fruit of Japanese Momordica charantia L
    • T.Murakami, ; A.Emoto, ; H.Matsuda, ; M.Yoshikawa, Medicinal foodstuffs. XXI. Structures of new cucurbitane-type triterpene glycosides, goyaglycosides-a, -b, -c, -d, -e, -f, -g, and -h, and new oleanane-type triterpene saponins, goyasaponins I, II, and III, from the fresh fruit of Japanese Momordica charantia L. Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo) 2001, 49, 54–63.
    • (2001) Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo) , vol.49 , pp. 54-63
    • Murakami, T.1    Emoto, A.2    Matsuda, H.3    Yoshikawa, M.4
  • 77
    • 79959463826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutrient and phytochemical analysis of four varieties of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) grown in Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh
    • M.Ullah, ; F.K.Chy, ; S.K.Sarkar, ; M.K.Islam, ; A.Absar, Nutrient and phytochemical analysis of four varieties of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) grown in Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh. Asian J. Agric. Res. 2011, 5, 186–193.
    • (2011) Asian J. Agric. Res , vol.5 , pp. 186-193
    • Ullah, M.1    Chy, F.K.2    Sarkar, S.K.3    Islam, M.K.4    Absar, A.5
  • 78
    • 34548062094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amino acid composition of Momordica charantia seeds and pericarp
    • T.Orlovskaya, ; V.Chelombitko, Amino acid composition of Momordica charantia seeds and pericarp. Chem. Nat. Compd. 2007, 43, 237–238.
    • (2007) Chem. Nat. Compd , vol.43 , pp. 237-238
    • Orlovskaya, T.1    Chelombitko, V.2
  • 81
    • 0019842946 scopus 로고
    • Hypoglycemic activity of polypeptide-p from a plant source
    • P.Khanna, ; S.C.Jain, ; A.Panagariya, ; V.P.Dixit, Hypoglycemic activity of polypeptide-p from a plant source. J. Nat. Prod. 1981, 44, 648–655.
    • (1981) J. Nat. Prod , vol.44 , pp. 648-655
    • Khanna, P.1    Jain, S.C.2    Panagariya, A.3    Dixit, V.P.4
  • 82
    • 33744917512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Slow acting protein extract from fruit pulp of Momordica charantia with insulin secretagogue and insulinomimetic activities
    • S.Yibchok-anun, ; S.Adisakwattana, ; C.Y.Yao, ; P.Sangvanich, ; S.Roengsumran, ; W.H.Hsu, Slow acting protein extract from fruit pulp of Momordica charantia with insulin secretagogue and insulinomimetic activities. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 2006, 29, 1126–1131.
    • (2006) Biol. Pharm. Bull , vol.29 , pp. 1126-1131
    • Yibchok-anun, S.1    Adisakwattana, S.2    Yao, C.Y.3    Sangvanich, P.4    Roengsumran, S.5    Hsu, W.H.6
  • 83
    • 0001411659 scopus 로고
    • Some observations on hpoglycaemia activity in Momordica charantia
    • V.N.Sharma, ; R.K.Sogani, ; R.B.Arora, Some observations on hpoglycaemia activity in Momordica charantia. Indian J. Med. Res. 1960, 48, 471–477.
    • (1960) Indian J. Med. Res , vol.48 , pp. 471-477
    • Sharma, V.N.1    Sogani, R.K.2    Arora, R.B.3
  • 84
    • 78649669604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medicinal uses and molecular identification of two Momordica charantia varieties—A review
    • A.Paul, ; S.S.Raychaudhuri, Medicinal uses and molecular identification of two Momordica charantia varieties—A review. Electronic J. Biol. 2010, 6, 43–51.
    • (2010) Electronic J. Biol , vol.6 , pp. 43-51
    • Paul, A.1    Raychaudhuri, S.S.2
  • 85
    • 84857711122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Personalized diabetes and cancer medicine: A rationale for anti-diabetic nutrition (Bitter Melon) in a supportive setting
    • K.S.Zänker, ; B.Mang, ; M.Wolters, ; A.Hahn, Personalized diabetes and cancer medicine: A rationale for anti-diabetic nutrition (Bitter Melon) in a supportive setting. Curr. Cancer Ther. Rev. 2012, 8, 66–77.
    • (2012) Curr. Cancer Ther. Rev , vol.8 , pp. 66-77
    • Zänker, K.S.1    Mang, B.2    Wolters, M.3    Hahn, A.4
  • 86
    • 80053362207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bioactives from bitter melon enhance insulin signaling and modulate acyl carnitine content in skeletal muscle in high-fat diet-fed mice
    • Z.Q.Wang, ; X.H.Zhang, ; Y.Yu, ; A.Poulev, ; D.Ribnicky, ; Z.E.Floyd, ; W.T.Cefalu, Bioactives from bitter melon enhance insulin signaling and modulate acyl carnitine content in skeletal muscle in high-fat diet-fed mice. J. Nutr. Biochem. 2011, 22, 1064–1073.
    • (2011) J. Nutr. Biochem , vol.22 , pp. 1064-1073
    • Wang, Z.Q.1    Zhang, X.H.2    Yu, Y.3    Poulev, A.4    Ribnicky, D.5    Floyd, Z.E.6    Cefalu, W.T.7
  • 87
    • 78049428076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo and in vitro studies to identify the hypoglycaemic constituents of Momordica charantia wild variant WB24
    • C.Chang, ; H.Tseng, ; Y.Liao, ; C.Yen, ; T.Chen, ; C.Lin, ; H.Cheng, In vivo and in vitro studies to identify the hypoglycaemic constituents of Momordica charantia wild variant WB24. Food Chem. 2011, 125, 521–528.
    • (2011) Food Chem , vol.125 , pp. 521-528
    • Chang, C.1    Tseng, H.2    Liao, Y.3    Yen, C.4    Chen, T.5    Lin, C.6    Cheng, H.7
  • 88
    • 58349119767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacodynamic interaction of Momordica charantia with rosiglitazone in rats
    • S.N.Nivitabishekam, ; M.Asad, ; V.S.Prasad, Pharmacodynamic interaction of Momordica charantia with rosiglitazone in rats. Chem. Biol. Interact. 2009, 177, 247–253.
    • (2009) Chem. Biol. Interact , vol.177 , pp. 247-253
    • Nivitabishekam, S.N.1    Asad, M.2    Prasad, V.S.3
  • 89
    • 64549141112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Momordica charantia extract on insulin resistance and the skeletal muscle GLUT4 protein in fructose-fed rats
    • C.Shih, ; C.Lin, ; W.Lin, ; J.Wu, Momordica charantia extract on insulin resistance and the skeletal muscle GLUT4 protein in fructose-fed rats. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2009, 123, 82–90.
    • (2009) J. Ethnopharmacol , vol.123 , pp. 82-90
    • Shih, C.1    Lin, C.2    Lin, W.3    Wu, J.4
  • 90
    • 0032104490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of Momordica charantia fruit juice on islet morphology in the pancreas of the streptozotocin-diabetic rat
    • I.Ahmed, ; E.Adeghate, ; A.K.Sharma, ; D.J.Pallot, ; J.Singh, Effects of Momordica charantia fruit juice on islet morphology in the pancreas of the streptozotocin-diabetic rat. Diabetes Res. Clin Pract. 1998, 40, 145–151.
    • (1998) Diabetes Res. Clin Pract , vol.40 , pp. 145-151
    • Ahmed, I.1    Adeghate, E.2    Sharma, A.K.3    Pallot, D.J.4    Singh, J.5
  • 91
    • 0026620964 scopus 로고
    • Hypoglycemic effects of Siamese Momordica charantia and Phyllanthus urinaria extracts in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (the 1st report)
    • H.Higashino, ; A.Suzuki, ; Y.Tanaka, ; K.Pootakham, Hypoglycemic effects of Siamese Momordica charantia and Phyllanthus urinaria extracts in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (the 1st report). Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 1992, 100, 415–421.
    • (1992) Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi , vol.100 , pp. 415-421
    • Higashino, H.1    Suzuki, A.2    Tanaka, Y.3    Pootakham, K.4
  • 92
    • 0030012399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Demonstration of the hypoglycemic action of Momordica charantia in a validated animal model of diabetes
    • S.K.Sarkar, ; M.Pranava, ; R.A.Marita, Demonstration of the hypoglycemic action of Momordica charantia in a validated animal model of diabetes. Pharmacol. Res. 1996, 33, 1–4.
    • (1996) Pharmacol. Res , vol.33 , pp. 1-4
    • Sarkar, S.K.1    Pranava, M.2    Marita, R.A.3
  • 95
    • 13444277207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Momordica charantia extracts inhibit uptake of monosaccharide and amino acid across rat everted gut sacs in-vitro
    • M.F.Mahomoodally, ; A.G.Fakim, ; A.H.Subratty, Momordica charantia extracts inhibit uptake of monosaccharide and amino acid across rat everted gut sacs in-vitro. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 2004, 27, 216–218.
    • (2004) Biol. Pharm. Bull , vol.27 , pp. 216-218
    • Mahomoodally, M.F.1    Fakim, A.G.2    Subratty, A.H.3
  • 96
    • 0027215565 scopus 로고
    • Hypoglycaemic activity of Coccinia indica and Momordica charantia in diabetic rats: Depression of the hepatic gluconeogenic enzymes glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and elevation of both liver and red-cell shunt enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
    • B.A.Shibib, ; L.A.Khan, ; R.Rahman, Hypoglycaemic activity of Coccinia indica and Momordica charantia in diabetic rats: Depression of the hepatic gluconeogenic enzymes glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and elevation of both liver and red-cell shunt enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Biochem. J. 1993, 292, 267–270.
    • (1993) Biochem. J , vol.292 , pp. 267-270
    • Shibib, B.A.1    Khan, L.A.2    Rahman, R.3
  • 98
    • 82755188170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Momordica charantia extract, a herbal remedy for type 2 diabetes, contains a specific 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitor
    • A.Blum, ; C.Loerz, ; H.J.Martin, ; C.A.Staab-Weijnitz, ; E.Maser, Momordica charantia extract, a herbal remedy for type 2 diabetes, contains a specific 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitor. J. Steriod Biochem. Mol. Biol. 2012, 128, 51–55.
    • (2012) J. Steriod Biochem. Mol. Biol , vol.128 , pp. 51-55
    • Blum, A.1    Loerz, C.2    Martin, H.J.3    Staab-Weijnitz, C.A.4    Maser, E.5
  • 99
    • 82755189591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Saponins from the traditional medicinal plant Momordica charantia stimulate insulin secretion in vitro
    • A.C.Keller, ; J.Ma, ; A.Kavalier, ; K.He, ; A.B.Brillantes, ; E.J.Kennelly, Saponins from the traditional medicinal plant Momordica charantia stimulate insulin secretion in vitro. Phytomedicine 2011, 19, 32–37.
    • (2011) Phytomedicine , vol.19 , pp. 32-37
    • Keller, A.C.1    Ma, J.2    Kavalier, A.3    He, K.4    Brillantes, A.B.5    Kennelly, E.J.6
  • 100
    • 0028835878 scopus 로고
    • Antidiabetic plants and their active constituents
    • R.J.Marles, ; N.R.Farnsworth, Antidiabetic plants and their active constituents. Phytomedicine 1995, 2, 137–189.
    • (1995) Phytomedicine , vol.2 , pp. 137-189
    • Marles, R.J.1    Farnsworth, N.R.2
  • 102
    • 64649092110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum sialic acid changes in non-insulin-dependant diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients following bitter melon (Momordica charantia) and rosiglitazone (Avandia) treatment
    • R.Inayat-ur, ; S.A.Malik, ; M.Bashir, ; R.Khan, ; M.Iqbal, Serum sialic acid changes in non-insulin-dependant diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients following bitter melon (Momordica charantia) and rosiglitazone (Avandia) treatment. Phytomedicine 2009, 16, 401–405.
    • (2009) Phytomedicine , vol.16 , pp. 401-405
    • Inayat-ur, R.1    Malik, S.A.2    Bashir, M.3    Khan, R.4    Iqbal, M.5
  • 103
    • 0017714372 scopus 로고
    • Clinical trial in patients with diabetes mellitus of an insulin like compound obtained from plant source
    • V.S.Baldwa, ; C.M.Bhandari, ; A.Pangaria, ; R.K.Goyal, Clinical trial in patients with diabetes mellitus of an insulin like compound obtained from plant source. Upsala J. Med. Sci. 1977, 82, 39–41.
    • (1977) Upsala J. Med. Sci , vol.82 , pp. 39-41
    • Baldwa, V.S.1    Bhandari, C.M.2    Pangaria, A.3    Goyal, R.K.4
  • 106
    • 0025180463 scopus 로고
    • Hypoglycemic activity of seeds of Momordica charantia
    • J.K.Grover, ; S.R.Gupta, Hypoglycemic activity of seeds of Momordica charantia. Eur. J. Pharm. 1990, 183, 1026–1027.
    • (1990) Eur. J. Pharm , vol.183 , pp. 1026-1027
    • Grover, J.K.1    Gupta, S.R.2
  • 107
    • 0033107711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of Momordica charantia (Karolla) extracts on fasting and postprandial serum glucose levels in NIDDM patients
    • N.Ahmad, ; M.R.Hassan, ; H.Halder, ; K.S.Bennoor, Effect of Momordica charantia (Karolla) extracts on fasting and postprandial serum glucose levels in NIDDM patients. Bangladesh Med. Res. Council Bull. 1999, 25, 11–13.
    • (1999) Bangladesh Med. Res. Council Bull , vol.25 , pp. 11-13
    • Ahmad, N.1    Hassan, M.R.2    Halder, H.3    Bennoor, K.S.4
  • 108
    • 0034284704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of Momordica charantia powder on serum glucose levels and various lipid parameters in rats fed with cholesterol-free and cholesterol-enriched diets
    • A.P.Jayasooriya, ; M.Sakono, ; C.Yukizaki, ; M.Kawano, ; K.Yamamoto, ; N.Fukuda, Effects of Momordica charantia powder on serum glucose levels and various lipid parameters in rats fed with cholesterol-free and cholesterol-enriched diets. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2000, 72, 331–336.
    • (2000) J. Ethnopharmacol , vol.72 , pp. 331-336
    • Jayasooriya, A.P.1    Sakono, M.2    Yukizaki, C.3    Kawano, M.4    Yamamoto, K.5    Fukuda, N.6
  • 109
    • 33646826006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipid and lipoprotein dysregulation in insulin resistant states
    • R.K.Avramoglu, ; H.Basciano, ; K.Adeli, Lipid and lipoprotein dysregulation in insulin resistant states. Clin. Chim. Acta 2006, 368, 1–19.
    • (2006) Clin. Chim. Acta , vol.368 , pp. 1-19
    • Avramoglu, R.K.1    Basciano, H.2    Adeli, K.3
  • 110
    • 16244422041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein gene expression and ApoB secretion are inhibited by bitter melon in HepG2 cells
    • P.V.Nerurkar, ; L.Pearson, ; J.T.Efird, ; K.Adeli, ; A.G.Theriault, ; V.R.Nerurkar, Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein gene expression and ApoB secretion are inhibited by bitter melon in HepG2 cells. J. Nutr. 2005, 135, 702–706.
    • (2005) J. Nutr , vol.135 , pp. 702-706
    • Nerurkar, P.V.1    Pearson, L.2    Efird, J.T.3    Adeli, K.4    Theriault, A.G.5    Nerurkar, V.R.6
  • 111
    • 51749119492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Momordica charantia (bitter melon) reduces plasma apolipoprotein B-100 and increases hepatic insulin receptor substrate and phosphoinositide-3 kinase interactions
    • P.V.Nerurkar, ; Y.K.Lee, ; M.Motosue, ; K.Adeli, ; V.R.Nerurkar, Momordica charantia (bitter melon) reduces plasma apolipoprotein B-100 and increases hepatic insulin receptor substrate and phosphoinositide-3 kinase interactions. Br. J. Nutr. 2008, 100, 751–759.
    • (2008) Br. J. Nutr , vol.100 , pp. 751-759
    • Nerurkar, P.V.1    Lee, Y.K.2    Motosue, M.3    Adeli, K.4    Nerurkar, V.R.5
  • 112
    • 84863153594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined extractives of red yeast rice, bitter gourd, chlorella, soy protein, and licorice improve total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride in subjects with metabolic syndrome
    • I.T.Lee, ; W.Lee, ; C.Tsai, ; I.Su, ; H.Yen, ; W.H.H.Sheu, Combined extractives of red yeast rice, bitter gourd, chlorella, soy protein, and licorice improve total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride in subjects with metabolic syndrome. Nutr. Res. 2012, 32, 85–92.
    • (2012) Nutr. Res , vol.32 , pp. 85-92
    • Lee, I.T.1    Lee, W.2    Tsai, C.3    Su, I.4    Yen, H.5    Sheu, W.H.H.6
  • 115
    • 78650791112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibacterial activity of antipsoriatic herbs: Cassia tora, Momordica charantia and Calendula officinalis
    • T.S.Roopashree, ; R.Dang, ; R.H.Shobha Rani, ; C.Narendra, Antibacterial activity of antipsoriatic herbs: Cassia tora, Momordica charantia and Calendula officinalis. Int. J. Appl. Res. Nat. Prod. 2008, 1, 20–28.
    • (2008) Int. J. Appl. Res. Nat. Prod , vol.1 , pp. 20-28
    • Roopashree, T.S.1    Dang, R.2    Shobha Rani, R.H.3    Narendra, C.4
  • 116
    • 38949118992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Momordica charantia seed essential oil
    • A.Braca, ; T.Siciliano, ; M.D’Arrigo, ; M.P.Germanò, Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Momordica charantia seed essential oil. Fitoterapia 2008, 79, 123–125.
    • (2008) Fitoterapia , vol.79 , pp. 123-125
    • Braca, A.1    Siciliano, T.2    D’Arrigo, M.3    Germanò, M.P.4
  • 117
    • 84981501904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antioxidant capabilities of extracts and antimicrobial activities of chromatographic fractions of Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae)
    • M.E.Abalaka, ; H.I.Inabo, ; J.A.Onaolapo, ; O.S.Olonitola, Antioxidant capabilities of extracts and antimicrobial activities of chromatographic fractions of Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae). Ferment. Technol. Bioeng. 2011, 1, 1–6.
    • (2011) Ferment. Technol. Bioeng , vol.1 , pp. 1-6
    • Abalaka, M.E.1    Inabo, H.I.2    Onaolapo, J.A.3    Olonitola, O.S.4
  • 118
    • 84855992495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alpha-momorcharin possessing high immunogenicity, immunotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in SD rats
    • Y.Meng, ; B.Liu, ; N.Lei, ; J.Zheng, ; Q.He, ; D.Li, ; X.Zhao, ; F.Shen, Alpha-momorcharin possessing high immunogenicity, immunotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in SD rats. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2012, 139, 590–598.
    • (2012) J. Ethnopharmacol , vol.139 , pp. 590-598
    • Meng, Y.1    Liu, B.2    Lei, N.3    Zheng, J.4    He, Q.5    Li, D.6    Zhao, X.7    Shen, F.8
  • 119
    • 57849126354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alpha-eleostearic acid and its dihydroxy derivative are major apoptosis-inducing components of bitter gourd
    • M.Kobori, ; M.Ohnishi-Kameyama, ; Y.Akimoto, ; C.Yukizaki, ; M.Yoshida, Alpha-eleostearic acid and its dihydroxy derivative are major apoptosis-inducing components of bitter gourd. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2008, 56, 10515–10520.
    • (2008) J. Agric. Food Chem , vol.56 , pp. 10515-10520
    • Kobori, M.1    Ohnishi-Kameyama, M.2    Akimoto, Y.3    Yukizaki, C.4    Yoshida, M.5
  • 120
    • 33846992288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antioxidant and chemoprotective properties of Momordica charantia L. (bitter melon) fruit extract
    • A.Semiz, ; A.Sen, Antioxidant and chemoprotective properties of Momordica charantia L. (bitter melon) fruit extract. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 2007, 6, 273–277.
    • (2007) Afr. J. Biotechnol , vol.6 , pp. 273-277
    • Semiz, A.1    Sen, A.2
  • 121
    • 84862504382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RNase MC2: A new Momordica charantia ribonuclease that induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells associated with activation of MAPKs and induction of caspase pathways
    • E.F.Fang, ; C.Z.Zhang, ; W.P.Fong, ; T.B.Ng, RNase MC2: A new Momordica charantia ribonuclease that induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells associated with activation of MAPKs and induction of caspase pathways. Apoptosis 2012, 17, 377–387.
    • (2012) Apoptosis , vol.17 , pp. 377-387
    • Fang, E.F.1    Zhang, C.Z.2    Fong, W.P.3    Ng, T.B.4
  • 122
    • 84861797628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro and in vivo anticarcinogenic effects of RNase MC2, a ribonuclease isolated from dietary bitter gourd, toward human liver cancer cells
    • E.F.Fang, ; C.Z.Zhang, ; L.Zhang, ; W.P.Fong, ; T.B.Ng, In vitro and in vivo anticarcinogenic effects of RNase MC2, a ribonuclease isolated from dietary bitter gourd, toward human liver cancer cells. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 2012, 44, 1351–1360.
    • (2012) Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol , vol.44 , pp. 1351-1360
    • Fang, E.F.1    Zhang, C.Z.2    Zhang, L.3    Fong, W.P.4    Ng, T.B.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.