메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 17, Issue 2, 2016, Pages

Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and neurotrophic factor-induced protection in the MPTP mouse model of parkinson’s disease-lessons from transgenic mice

Author keywords

Microglia; MPTP; Neuroinflammation; Neuroprotection; Neurotrophic factors; Parkinson s disease

Indexed keywords

1,2,3,6 TETRAHYDRO 1 METHYL 4 PHENYLPYRIDINE; BRAIN DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; CYTOKINE; FRACTALKINE; GAMMA INTERFERON; GLIAL CELL LINE DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; GRANULOCYTE MACROPHAGE COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR; INFLAMMASOME; INTERLEUKIN 1ALPHA; INTERLEUKIN 1BETA; INTERLEUKIN 1BETA CONVERTING ENZYME; INTERLEUKIN 6; MACROPHAGE INFLAMMATORY PROTEIN 1ALPHA; MESSENGER RNA; MONOCYTE CHEMOTACTIC PROTEIN 1; NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; PLATELET DERIVED GROWTH FACTOR; RANTES; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; NERVE GROWTH FACTOR; NERVE GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR;

EID: 84955561268     PISSN: 16616596     EISSN: 14220067     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/ijms17020151     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (61)

References (135)
  • 1
    • 84940461152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parkinson’s disease and age: The obvious but largely unexplored link
    • [CrossRef][PubMed]
    • Abdullah, R.; Basak, I.; Patil, K.S.; Alves, G.; Larsen, J.P.; Møller, S.G. Parkinson’s disease and age: The obvious but largely unexplored link. Exp. Gerontol. 2015, 68, 33–38. [CrossRef][PubMed]
    • (2015) Exp. Gerontol , vol.68 , pp. 33-38
    • Abdullah, R.1    Basak, I.2    Patil, K.S.3    Alves, G.4    Larsen, J.P.5    Møller, S.G.6
  • 2
    • 84911423174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prevalence of Parkinson’s disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Mov
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Pringsheim, T.; Jette, N.; Frolkis, A.; Steeves, T.D.L. The prevalence of Parkinson’s disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Mov. Disord. 2014, 29, 1583–1590. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2014) Disord , vol.29 , pp. 1583-1590
    • Pringsheim, T.1    Jette, N.2    Frolkis, A.3    Steeves, T.D.L.4
  • 3
    • 84855972240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropathology of sporadic Parkinson’s disease: Evaluation and changes of concepts
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Jellinger, K.A. Neuropathology of sporadic Parkinson’s disease: Evaluation and changes of concepts. Mov. Disord. 2012, 27, 8–30. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2012) Mov. Disord , vol.27 , pp. 8-30
    • Jellinger, K.A.1
  • 5
    • 84904043213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Premotor and nonmotor features of Parkinson’s disease. Curr
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Goldman, J.G.; Postuma, R. Premotor and nonmotor features of Parkinson’s disease. Curr. Opin. Neurol. 2014, 27, 434–441. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2014) Opin. Neurol , vol.27 , pp. 434-441
    • Goldman, J.G.1    Postuma, R.2
  • 6
    • 34247631275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple hit hypotheses for dopamine neuron loss in Parkinson’s disease
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Sulzer, D. Multiple hit hypotheses for dopamine neuron loss in Parkinson’s disease. Trends Neurosci. 2007, 30, 244–250. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2007) Trends Neurosci , vol.30 , pp. 244-250
    • Sulzer, D.1
  • 9
    • 0037333666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Staging of brain pathology related to sporadic Parkinson’s disease. Neurobiol
    • [CrossRef]
    • Braak, H.; del Tredici, K.; Rüb, U.; de Vos, R.A.I.; Jansen Steur, E.N.H.; Braak, E. Staging of brain pathology related to sporadic Parkinson’s disease. Neurobiol. Aging 2003, 24, 197–211. [CrossRef]
    • (2003) Aging , vol.24 , pp. 197-211
    • Braak, H.1    Del Tredici, K.2    Rüb, U.3    de Vos, R.A.I.4    Jansen Steur, E.N.H.5    Braak, E.6
  • 11
    • 36749051047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic microglial activation and progressive dopaminergic neurotoxicity
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Block, M.L.; Hong, J.-S. Chronic microglial activation and progressive dopaminergic neurotoxicity. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 2007, 35, 1127–1132. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2007) Biochem. Soc. Trans , vol.35 , pp. 1127-1132
    • Block, M.L.1    Hong, J.-S.2
  • 12
    • 62549133546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroinflammation in Parkinson’s disease: A target for neuroprotection?
    • [CrossRef]
    • Hirsch, E.C.; Hunot, S. Neuroinflammation in Parkinson’s disease: A target for neuroprotection? Lancet Neurol. 2009, 8, 382–397. [CrossRef]
    • (2009) Lancet Neurol , vol.8 , pp. 382-397
    • Hirsch, E.C.1    Hunot, S.2
  • 13
    • 0141741347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parkinson’s disease: Mechanisms and models
    • [CrossRef]
    • Dauer, W.; Przedborski, S. Parkinson’s disease: Mechanisms and models. Neuron 2003, 39, 889–909. [CrossRef]
    • (2003) Neuron , vol.39 , pp. 889-909
    • Dauer, W.1    Przedborski, S.2
  • 14
    • 5544229693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Classic toxin-induced animal models of Parkinson’s disease: 6-OHDA and MPTP
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Schober, A. Classic toxin-induced animal models of Parkinson’s disease: 6-OHDA and MPTP. Cell Tissue Res. 2004, 318, 215–224. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2004) Cell Tissue Res , vol.318 , pp. 215-224
    • Schober, A.1
  • 15
    • 0020680904 scopus 로고
    • Chronic Parkinsonism in humans due to a product of meperidine-analog synthesis
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Langston, J.W.; Ballard, P.; Tetrud, J.W.; Irwin, I. Chronic Parkinsonism in humans due to a product of meperidine-analog synthesis. Science 1983, 219, 979–980. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (1983) Science , vol.219 , pp. 979-980
    • Langston, J.W.1    Ballard, P.2    Tetrud, J.W.3    Irwin, I.4
  • 16
    • 0035091767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The parkinsonian toxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP): A technical review of its utility and safety
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Przedborski, S.; Jackson-Lewis, V.; Naini, A.B.; Jakowec, M.; Petzinger, G.; Miller, R.; Akram, M. The parkinsonian toxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP): A technical review of its utility and safety. J. Neurochem. 2001, 76, 1265–1274. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2001) J. Neurochem , vol.76 , pp. 1265-1274
    • Przedborski, S.1    Jackson-Lewis, V.2    Naini, A.B.3    Jakowec, M.4    Petzinger, G.5    Miller, R.6    Akram, M.7
  • 17
    • 0021810979 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of NADH-linked oxidation in brain mitochondria by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridine, a metabolite of the neurotoxin, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine
    • [CrossRef]
    • Nicklas, W.; Vyas, I.; Heikkila, R.E. Inhibition of NADH-linked oxidation in brain mitochondria by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridine, a metabolite of the neurotoxin, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine. Life Sci. 1985, 36, 2503–2508. [CrossRef]
    • (1985) Life Sci , vol.36 , pp. 2503-2508
    • Nicklas, W.1    Vyas, I.2    Heikkila, R.E.3
  • 19
    • 0001485756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MPTP: A review of its mechanisms of neurotoxicity
    • [CrossRef]
    • Przedborski, S.; Vila, M. MPTP: A review of its mechanisms of neurotoxicity. Clin. Neurosci. Res. 2001, 1, 407–418. [CrossRef]
    • (2001) Clin. Neurosci. Res , vol.1 , pp. 407-418
    • Przedborski, S.1    Vila, M.2
  • 20
    • 0000340348 scopus 로고
    • Parkinsonism-inducing neurotoxin, N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine: Uptake of the metabolite N-methyl-4-phenylpyridine by dopamine neurons explains selective toxicity
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Javitch, J.A.; D’Amato, R.J.; Strittmatter, S.M.; Snyder, S.H. Parkinsonism-inducing neurotoxin, N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine: Uptake of the metabolite N-methyl-4-phenylpyridine by dopamine neurons explains selective toxicity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1985, 82, 2173–2177. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.82 , pp. 2173-2177
    • Javitch, J.A.1    D’Amato, R.J.2    Strittmatter, S.M.3    Snyder, S.H.4
  • 21
    • 0021680307 scopus 로고
    • Uptake of MPP+ by dopamine neurons explains selectivity of parkinsonism-inducing neurotoxin, MPTP
    • [CrossRef]
    • Javitch, J.A.; Snyder, S.H. Uptake of MPP+ by dopamine neurons explains selectivity of parkinsonism-inducing neurotoxin, MPTP. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 1984, 106, 455–456. [CrossRef]
    • (1984) Eur. J. Pharmacol , vol.106 , pp. 455-456
    • Javitch, J.A.1    Snyder, S.H.2
  • 22
    • 0022447043 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of the nigrostriatal toxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine by inhibitors of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine transport
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Mayer, R.A.; Kindt, M.V.; Heikkila, R.E. Prevention of the nigrostriatal toxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine by inhibitors of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine transport. J. Neurochem. 1986, 47, 1073–1079. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (1986) J. Neurochem , vol.47 , pp. 1073-1079
    • Mayer, R.A.1    Kindt, M.V.2    Heikkila, R.E.3
  • 23
    • 0027160147 scopus 로고
    • Uptake into synaptic dopamine vesicles: Possible involvement in MPTP neurotoxicity
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Del Zompo, M.; Piccardi, M.P.; Ruiu, S.; Quartu, M.; Gessa, G.L.; Vaccari, A. Selective MPP+ uptake into synaptic dopamine vesicles: Possible involvement in MPTP neurotoxicity. Br. J. Pharmacol. 1993, 109, 411–414. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (1993) Br. J. Pharmacol , vol.109 , pp. 411-414
    • Del Zompo, M.1    Piccardi, M.P.2    Ruiu, S.3    Quartu, M.4    Gessa, G.L.5    Vaccari, A.6
  • 24
    • 0027260872 scopus 로고
    • Redox cycling of MPP+: Evidence for a new mechanism involving hydride transfer with xanthine oxidase, aldehyde dehydrogenase, and lipoamide dehydrogenase
    • [CrossRef]
    • Klaidman, L.K.; Adams, J.D., Jr.; Leung, A.C.; Sam Kim, S.; Cadenas, E. Redox cycling of MPP+: Evidence for a new mechanism involving hydride transfer with xanthine oxidase, aldehyde dehydrogenase, and lipoamide dehydrogenase. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 1993, 15, 169–179. [CrossRef]
    • (1993) Free Radic. Biol. Med , vol.15 , pp. 169-179
    • Klaidman, L.K.1    Adams, J.D.2    Leung, A.C.3    Sam Kim, S.4    Cadenas, E.5
  • 25
    • 0023186383 scopus 로고
    • Saitoh, T. Effects of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion on activities of the enzymes in the electron transport system in mouse brain
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Mizuno, Y.; Sone, N.; Saitoh, T. Effects of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion on activities of the enzymes in the electron transport system in mouse brain. J. Neurochem. 1987, 48, 1787–1793. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (1987) J. Neurochem , vol.48 , pp. 1787-1793
    • Mizuno, Y.1    Sone, N.2
  • 26
    • 0024207463 scopus 로고
    • 1-Methyl-4-phenyl- 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and free radicals in vitro. Biochem
    • [CrossRef]
    • Rossetti, Z.L.; Sotgiu, A.; Sharp, D.E.; Hadjiconstantinou, M.; Neff, N.H. 1-Methyl-4-phenyl- 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and free radicals in vitro. Biochem. Pharmacol. 1988, 37, 4573–4574. [CrossRef]
    • (1988) Pharmacol , vol.37 , pp. 4573-4574
    • Rossetti, Z.L.1    Sotgiu, A.2    Sharp, D.E.3    Hadjiconstantinou, M.4    Neff, N.H.5
  • 27
    • 0024997609 scopus 로고
    • 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) induces NADH-dependent superoxide formation and enhances NADH-dependent lipid peroxidation in bovine heart submitochondrial particles
    • [CrossRef]
    • Hasegawa, E.; Takeshige, K.; Oishi, T.; Murai, Y.; Minakami, S. 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) induces NADH-dependent superoxide formation and enhances NADH-dependent lipid peroxidation in bovine heart submitochondrial particles. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1990, 170, 1049–1055. [CrossRef]
    • (1990) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun , vol.170 , pp. 1049-1055
    • Hasegawa, E.1    Takeshige, K.2    Oishi, T.3    Murai, Y.4    Minakami, S.5
  • 28
    • 0021154320 scopus 로고
    • Repeated administration of N-methyl-4-phenyl 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine to rats is not toxic to striatal dopamine neurones
    • [CrossRef]
    • Boyce, S.; Kelly, E.; Reavill, C.; Jenner, P.; Marsden, C.D. Repeated administration of N-methyl-4-phenyl 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine to rats is not toxic to striatal dopamine neurones. Biochem. Pharmacol. 1984, 33, 1747–1752. [CrossRef]
    • (1984) Biochem. Pharmacol , vol.33 , pp. 1747-1752
    • Boyce, S.1    Kelly, E.2    Reavill, C.3    Jenner, P.4    Marsden, C.D.5
  • 29
    • 0021339035 scopus 로고
    • Neurochemical and behavioral effects of systemic and intranigral administration of N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine in the rat
    • [CrossRef]
    • Chiueh, C.C.; Markey, S.P.; Burns, R.S.; Johannessen, J.N.; Pert, A.; Kopin, I.J. Neurochemical and behavioral effects of systemic and intranigral administration of N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine in the rat. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 1984, 100, 189–194. [CrossRef]
    • (1984) Eur. J. Pharmacol , vol.100 , pp. 189-194
    • Chiueh, C.C.1    Markey, S.P.2    Burns, R.S.3    Johannessen, J.N.4    Pert, A.5    Kopin, I.J.6
  • 30
    • 0033749345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Susceptibility in the mouse: Behavioral, neurochemical, and histological analysis of gender and strain differences
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Sedelis, M.; Hofele, K.; Auburger, G.W.; Morgan, S.; Huston, J.P.; Schwarting, R.K. MPTP susceptibility in the mouse: Behavioral, neurochemical, and histological analysis of gender and strain differences. Behav. Genet. 2000, 30, 171–182. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2000) Behav. Genet , vol.30 , pp. 171-182
    • Sedelis, M.1    Hofele, K.2    Auburger, G.W.3    Morgan, S.4    Huston, J.P.5    Schwarting, R.6
  • 31
    • 0034615837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for resistance to MPTP in C57BL/6 x BALB/c F1 hybrids as compared with their progenitor strains
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Sedelis, M.; Hofele, K.; Auburger, G.W.; Morgan, S.; Huston, J.P.; Schwarting, R.K. Evidence for resistance to MPTP in C57BL/6 x BALB/c F1 hybrids as compared with their progenitor strains. Neuroreport 2000, 11, 1093–1096. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2000) Neuroreport , vol.11 , pp. 1093-1096
    • Sedelis, M.1    Hofele, K.2    Auburger, G.W.3    Morgan, S.4    Huston, J.P.5    Schwarting, R.K.6
  • 32
    • 0035214256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurochemical findings in the MPTP model of Parkinson’s disease
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Schmidt, N.; Ferger, B. Neurochemical findings in the MPTP model of Parkinson’s disease. J. Neural Transm. 2001, 108, 1263–1282. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2001) J. Neural Transm , vol.108 , pp. 1263-1282
    • Schmidt, N.1    Ferger, B.2
  • 33
    • 0028784523 scopus 로고
    • Time course and morphology of dopaminergic neuronal death caused by the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
    • [CrossRef]
    • Jackson-Lewis, V.; Jakowec, M.; Burke, R.E.; Przedborski, S. Time course and morphology of dopaminergic neuronal death caused by the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. Neurodegener. J. Neurodegener. Disord. Neuroprot. Neuroregener. 1995, 4, 257–269. [CrossRef]
    • (1995) Neurodegener. J. Neurodegener. Disord. Neuroprot. Neuroregener , vol.4 , pp. 257-269
    • Jackson-Lewis, V.1    Jakowec, M.2    Burke, R.E.3    Przedborski, S.4
  • 34
    • 0030888286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In situ detection of apoptotic nuclei in the substantia nigra compacta of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-treated mice using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase labelling and acridine orange staining
    • [CrossRef]
    • Tatton, N.A.; Kish, S.J. In situ detection of apoptotic nuclei in the substantia nigra compacta of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-treated mice using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase labelling and acridine orange staining. Neuroscience 1997, 77, 1037–1048. [CrossRef]
    • (1997) Neuroscience , vol.77 , pp. 1037-1048
    • Tatton, N.A.1    Kish, S.J.2
  • 35
    • 0033966487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • _-Synuclein up-regulation in substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons following administration of the parkinsonian toxin MPTP
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Vila, M.; Vukosavic, S.; Jackson-Lewis, V.; Neystat, M.; Jakowec, M.; Przedborski, S. _-Synuclein up-regulation in substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons following administration of the parkinsonian toxin MPTP. J. Neurochem. 2000, 74, 721–729. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2000) J. Neurochem , vol.74 , pp. 721-729
    • Vila, M.1    Vukosavic, S.2    Jackson-Lewis, V.3    Neystat, M.4    Jakowec, M.5    Przedborski, S.6
  • 37
    • 47349104402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glial reactions in Parkinson’s disease. Mov
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • McGeer, P.L.; McGeer, E.G. Glial reactions in Parkinson’s disease. Mov. Disord. 2008, 23, 474–483. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2008) Disord , vol.23 , pp. 474-483
    • McGeer, P.L.1    McGeer, E.G.2
  • 38
    • 84958106930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential roles of M1 and M2 microglia in neurodegenerative diseases
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Tang, Y.; Le, W. Differential roles of M1 and M2 microglia in neurodegenerative diseases. Mol. Neurobiol. 2015, 1–14. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2015) Mol. Neurobiol , pp. 1-14
    • Tang, Y.1    Le, W.2
  • 39
    • 0032100191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microglial and astrocytic involvement in a murine model of Parkinson’s disease induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)
    • [CrossRef]
    • Kohutnicka, M.; Lewandowska, E.; Kurkowska-Jastrzebska, I.; Członkowski, A.; Członkowska, A. Microglial and astrocytic involvement in a murine model of Parkinson’s disease induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Immunopharmacology 1998, 39, 167–180. [CrossRef]
    • (1998) Immunopharmacology , vol.39 , pp. 167-180
    • Kohutnicka, M.1    Lewandowska, E.2    Kurkowska-Jastrzebska, I.3    Członkowski, A.4    Członkowska, A.5
  • 40
    • 0030175757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microglial reaction in MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) induced Parkinson’s disease mice model
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Członkowska, A.; Kohutnicka, M.; Kurkowska-Jastrzebska, I.; Członkowski, A. Microglial reaction in MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) induced Parkinson’s disease mice model. Neurodegeneration 1996, 5, 137–143. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (1996) Neurodegeneration , vol.5 , pp. 137-143
    • Członkowska, A.1    Kohutnicka, M.2    Kurkowska-Jastrzebska, I.3    Członkowski, A.4
  • 41
    • 0036522967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blockade of microglial activation is neuroprotective in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine mouse model of Parkinson disease
    • [PubMed]
    • Wu, D.C.; Jackson-Lewis, V.; Vila, M.; Tieu, K.; Teismann, P.; Vadseth, C.; Choi, D.-K.; Ischiropoulos, H.; Przedborski, S. Blockade of microglial activation is neuroprotective in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine mouse model of Parkinson disease. J. Neurosci. 2002, 22, 1763–1771. [PubMed]
    • (2002) J. Neurosci , vol.22 , pp. 1763-1771
    • Wu, D.C.1    Jackson-Lewis, V.2    Vila, M.3    Tieu, K.4    Teismann, P.5    Vadseth, C.6    Choi, D.-K.7    Ischiropoulos, H.8    Przedborski, S.9
  • 43
    • 67649506219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurotransmitters and inflammation in three regimens of the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson’s disease
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Luchtman, D.W.; Shao, D.; Song, C. Behavior, neurotransmitters and inflammation in three regimens of the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson’s disease. Physiol. Behav. 2009, 98, 130–138. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2009) Physiol. Behav , vol.98 , pp. 130-138
    • Luchtman, D.W.1    Shao, D.2    Song, C.B.3
  • 44
    • 77957744015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MPTP-induced neuroinflammation increases the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and their receptors in mouse brain
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Lofrumento, D.D.; Saponaro, C.; Cianciulli, A.; de Nuccio, F.; Mitolo, V.; Nicolardi, G.; Panaro, M.A. MPTP-induced neuroinflammation increases the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and their receptors in mouse brain. Neuroimmunomodulation 2011, 18, 79–88. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2011) Neuroimmunomodulation , vol.18 , pp. 79-88
    • Lofrumento, D.D.1    Saponaro, C.2    Cianciulli, A.3    de Nuccio, F.4    Mitolo, V.5    Nicolardi, G.6    Panaro, M.A.7
  • 45
    • 54349089328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of MPTP on the activation of microglia/astrocytes and cytokine/chemokine levels in different mice strains
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Yasuda, Y.; Shimoda, T.; Uno, K.; Tateishi, N.; Furuya, S.; Yagi, K.; Suzuki, K.; Fujita, S. The effects of MPTP on the activation of microglia/astrocytes and cytokine/chemokine levels in different mice strains. J. Neuroimmunol. 2008, 204, 43–51. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2008) J. Neuroimmunol , vol.204 , pp. 43-51
    • Yasuda, Y.1    Shimoda, T.2    Uno, K.3    Tateishi, N.4    Furuya, S.5    Yagi, K.6    Suzuki, K.7    Fujita, S.8
  • 46
    • 33847681800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal mRNA profiles of inflammatory mediators in the murine 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrimidine model of Parkinson’s disease
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Pattarini, R.; Smeyne, R.J.; Morgan, J.I. Temporal mRNA profiles of inflammatory mediators in the murine 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrimidine model of Parkinson’s disease. Neuroscience 2007, 145, 654–668. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2007) Neuroscience , vol.145 , pp. 654-668
    • Pattarini, R.1    Smeyne, R.J.2    Morgan, J.I.3
  • 47
    • 33847101490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-lasting reactive changes observed in microglia in the striatal and substantia nigral of mice after 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Yasuda, Y.; Shinagawa, R.; Yamada, M.; Mori, T.; Tateishi, N.; Fujita, S. Long-lasting reactive changes observed in microglia in the striatal and substantia nigral of mice after 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. Brain Res. 2007, 1138, 196–202. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2007) Brain Res , vol.1138 , pp. 196-202
    • Yasuda, Y.1    Shinagawa, R.2    Yamada, M.3    Mori, T.4    Tateishi, N.5    Fujita, S.6
  • 49
    • 0344528794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The inflammatory reaction following 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine intoxication in mouse
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Kurkowska-Jastrzebska, I.; Wrónska, A.; Kohutnicka, M.; Członkowski, A.; Członkowska, A. The inflammatory reaction following 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine intoxication in mouse. Exp. Neurol. 1999, 156, 50–61. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (1999) Exp. Neurol , vol.156 , pp. 50-61
    • Kurkowska-Jastrzebska, I.1    Wrónska, A.2    Kohutnicka, M.3    Członkowski, A.4    Członkowska, A.5
  • 51
    • 36249032567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotective activities of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in an animal model of Parkinson’s disease
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Reynolds, A.D.; Banerjee, R.; Liu, J.; Gendelman, H.E.; Mosley, R.L. Neuroprotective activities of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in an animal model of Parkinson’s disease. J. Leukoc. Biol. 2007, 82, 1083–1094. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2007) J. Leukoc. Biol , vol.82 , pp. 1083-1094
    • Reynolds, A.D.1    Banerjee, R.2    Liu, J.3    Gendelman, H.E.4    Mosley, R.L.5
  • 52
    • 0035408611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytokines: Past, present, and future
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Oppenheim, J.J. Cytokines: Past, present, and future. Int. J. Hematol. 2001, 74, 3–8. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2001) Int. J. Hematol , vol.74 , pp. 3-8
    • Oppenheim, J.J.1
  • 53
    • 36248974200 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Historical review of cytokines
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Dinarello, C.A. Historical review of cytokines. Eur. J. Immunol. 2007, 37, S34–S45. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2007) Eur. J. Immunol , vol.37 , pp. S34-S45
    • Dinarello, C.A.1
  • 54
    • 34547099363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The interferons: 50 years after their discovery, there is much more to learn
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Pestka, S. The interferons: 50 years after their discovery, there is much more to learn. J. Biol. Chem. 2007, 282, 20047–20051. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2007) J. Biol. Chem , vol.282 , pp. 20047-20051
    • Pestka, S.1
  • 58
    • 84867617885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The soluble isoform of CX3CL1 is necessary for neuroprotection in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Morganti, J.M.; Nash, K.R.; Grimmig, B.A.; Ranjit, S.; Small, B.; Bickford, P.C.; Gemma, C. The soluble isoform of CX3CL1 is necessary for neuroprotection in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease. J. Neurosci. 2012, 32, 14592–14601. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2012) J. Neurosci , vol.32 , pp. 14592-14601
    • Morganti, J.M.1    Nash, K.R.2    Grimmig, B.A.3    Ranjit, S.4    Small, B.5    Bickford, P.C.6    Gemma, C.7
  • 60
    • 33845980539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemokines in the MPTP model of Parkinson’s disease: Absence of CCL2 and its receptor CCR2 does not protect against striatal neurodegeneration
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Kalkonde, Y.V.; Morgan, W.W.; Sigala, J.; Maffi, S.K.; Condello, C.; Kuziel, W.; Ahuja, S.S.; Ahuja, S.K. Chemokines in the MPTP model of Parkinson’s disease: Absence of CCL2 and its receptor CCR2 does not protect against striatal neurodegeneration. Brain Res. 2007, 1128, 1–11. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2007) Brain Res , vol.1128 , pp. 1-11
    • Kalkonde, Y.V.1    Morgan, W.W.2    Sigala, J.3    Maffi, S.K.4    Condello, C.5    Kuziel, W.6    Ahuja, S.S.7    Ahuja, S.K.8
  • 61
    • 84866540147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lack of CCR5 modifies glial phenotypes and population of the nigral dopaminergic neurons, but not MPTP-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Neurobiol
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Choi, D.-Y.; Lee, M.K.; Hong, J.T. Lack of CCR5 modifies glial phenotypes and population of the nigral dopaminergic neurons, but not MPTP-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Neurobiol. Dis. 2013, 49, 159–168. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2013) Dis , vol.49 , pp. 159-168
    • Choi, D.-Y.1    Lee, M.K.2    Hong, J.T.3
  • 62
    • 18944378145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A role of IL-1 in MPTP-induced changes in striatal dopaminergic and serotoninergic transporter binding: Clues from interleukin-1 type I receptor-deficient mice
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Hébert, G.; Mingam, R.; Arsaut, J.; Dantzer, R.; Demotes-Mainard, J. A role of IL-1 in MPTP-induced changes in striatal dopaminergic and serotoninergic transporter binding: Clues from interleukin-1 type I receptor-deficient mice. Mol. Brain Res. 2005, 136, 267–270. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2005) Mol. Brain Res , vol.136 , pp. 267-270
    • Hébert, G.1    Mingam, R.2    Arsaut, J.3    Dantzer, R.4    Demotes-Mainard, J.5
  • 63
    • 0036789082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased vulnerability of dopaminergic neurons in MPTP-lesioned interleukin-6 deficient mice
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Bolin, L.M.; Strycharska-Orczyk, I.; Murray, R.; Langston, J.W.; di Monte, D. Increased vulnerability of dopaminergic neurons in MPTP-lesioned interleukin-6 deficient mice. J. Neurochem. 2002, 83, 167–175. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2002) J. Neurochem , vol.83 , pp. 167-175
    • Bolin, L.M.1    Strycharska-Orczyk, I.2    Murray, R.3    Langston, J.W.4    Di Monte, D.5
  • 64
    • 0142090539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compromised reactive microgliosis in MPTP-lesioned IL-6 KO mice
    • [CrossRef]
    • Cardenas, H.; Bolin, L.M. Compromised reactive microgliosis in MPTP-lesioned IL-6 KO mice. Brain Res. 2003, 985, 89–97. [CrossRef]
    • (2003) Brain Res , vol.985 , pp. 89-97
    • Cardenas, H.1    Bolin, L.M.2
  • 65
    • 38549102077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TNF-mediated inflammatory disease
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Bradley, J.R. TNF-mediated inflammatory disease. J. Pathol. 2008, 214, 149–160. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2008) J. Pathol , vol.214 , pp. 149-160
    • Bradley, J.R.1
  • 66
    • 2542475349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic ablation of tumor necrosis factor-
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Ferger, B.; Leng, A.; Mura, A.; Hengerer, B.; Feldon, J. Genetic ablation of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and pharmacological inhibition of TNF-synthesis attenuates MPTP toxicity in mouse striatum. J. Neurochem. 2004, 89, 822–833. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2004) J. Neurochem , vol.89 , pp. 822-833
    • Ferger, B.1    Leng, A.2    Mura, A.3    Hengerer, B.4    Feldon, J.5
  • 67
    • 33947323582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TNF-
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Zhao, C.; Ling, Z.; Newman, M.B.; Bhatia, A.; Carvey, P.M. TNF-α knockout and minocycline treatment attenuates blood brain barrier leakage in MPTP-treated mice. Neurobiol. Dis. 2007, 26, 36–46. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2007) Neurobiol. Dis , vol.26 , pp. 36-46
    • Zhao, C.1    Ling, Z.2    Newman, M.B.3    Bhatia, A.4    Carvey, P.M.5
  • 69
    • 33646255922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • O’Callaghan, J.P. Deficiency of TNF receptors suppresses microglial activation and alters the susceptibility of brain regions to MPTP-induced neurotoxicity: Role of TNF-α
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Sriram, K.; Matheson, J.M.; Benkovic, S.A.; Miller, D.B.; Luster, M.I.; O’Callaghan, J.P. Deficiency of TNF receptors suppresses microglial activation and alters the susceptibility of brain regions to MPTP-induced neurotoxicity: Role of TNF-α. FASEB J. 2006, 20, 670–682. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2006) FASEB J , vol.20 , pp. 670-682
    • Sriram, K.1    Matheson, J.M.2    Benkovic, S.A.3    Miller, D.B.4    Luster, M.I.5
  • 71
    • 12744265234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumor necrosis factor-α receptor ablation in a chronic MPTP mouse model of Parkinson’s disease
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Leng, A.; Mura, A.; Feldon, J.; Ferger, B. Tumor necrosis factor-α receptor ablation in a chronic MPTP mouse model of Parkinson’s disease. Neurosci. Lett. 2005, 375, 107–111. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2005) Neurosci. Lett , vol.375 , pp. 107-111
    • Leng, A.1    Mura, A.2    Feldon, J.3    Ferger, B.4
  • 72
    • 84892795119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammasomes in the CNS. Nat
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Walsh, J.G.; Muruve, D.A.; Power, C. Inflammasomes in the CNS. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2014, 15, 84–97. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2014) Rev. Neurosci , vol.15 , pp. 84-97
    • Walsh, J.G.1    Muruve, D.A.2    Power, C.3
  • 73
    • 0036671894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The inflammasome: A molecular platform triggering activation of inflammatory caspases and processing of proIL-β. Mol
    • [CrossRef]
    • Martinon, F.; Burns, K.; Tschopp, J. The inflammasome: A molecular platform triggering activation of inflammatory caspases and processing of proIL-β. Mol. Cell 2002, 10, 417–426. [CrossRef]
    • (2002) Cell , vol.10 , pp. 417-426
    • Martinon, F.1    Burns, K.2    Tschopp, J.3
  • 74
    • 77950362382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The inflammasomes
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Schroder, K.; Tschopp, J. The inflammasomes. Cell 2010, 140, 821–832. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2010) Cell , vol.140 , pp. 821-832
    • Schroder, K.1    Tschopp, J.2
  • 75
    • 84869504451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammasomes and their roles in health and disease. Annu
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Lamkanfi, M.; Dixit, V.M. Inflammasomes and their roles in health and disease. Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 2012, 28, 137–161. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2012) Rev. Cell Dev. Biol , vol.28 , pp. 137-161
    • Lamkanfi, M.1    Dixit, V.M.2
  • 77
    • 23444441962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interleukin-1 and neuronal injury
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Allan, S.M.; Tyrrell, P.J.; Rothwell, N.J. Interleukin-1 and neuronal injury. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2005, 5, 629–640. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2005) Nat. Rev. Immunol , vol.5 , pp. 629-640
    • Allan, S.M.1    Tyrrell, P.J.2    Rothwell, N.J.3
  • 78
    • 0033601995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transgenic mice expressing a dominant negative mutant interleukin-1β converting enzyme show resistance to MPTP neurotoxicity
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Klevenyi, P.; Andreassen, O.; Ferrante, R.J.; Schleicher, J.R.; Friedlander, R.M.; Beal, M.F. Transgenic mice expressing a dominant negative mutant interleukin-1β converting enzyme show resistance to MPTP neurotoxicity. Neuroreport 1999, 10, 635–638. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (1999) Neuroreport , vol.10 , pp. 635-638
    • Klevenyi, P.1    Andreassen, O.2    Ferrante, R.J.3    Schleicher, J.R.4    Friedlander, R.M.5    Beal, M.F.6
  • 79
    • 84873123076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Triggering of inflammasome by aggregated α-synuclein, an inflammatory response in synucleinopathies
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Codolo, G.; Plotegher, N.; Pozzobon, T.; Brucale, M.; Tessari, I.; Bubacco, L.; de Bernard, M. Triggering of inflammasome by aggregated α-synuclein, an inflammatory response in synucleinopathies. PLoS ONE 2013, 8, e55375. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2013) Plos ONE , vol.8
    • Codolo, G.1    Plotegher, N.2    Pozzobon, T.3    Brucale, M.4    Tessari, I.5    Bubacco, L.6    de Bernard, M.7
  • 81
    • 84920990887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dopamine controls systemic inflammation through inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Yan, Y.; Jiang, W.; Liu, L.; Wang, X.; Ding, C.; Tian, Z.; Zhou, R. Dopamine controls systemic inflammation through inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome. Cell 2015, 160, 62–73. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2015) Cell , vol.160 , pp. 62-73
    • Yan, Y.1    Jiang, W.2    Liu, L.3    Wang, X.4    Ding, C.5    Tian, Z.6    Zhou, R.7
  • 82
    • 84888062088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic inflammation exacerbates dopaminergic neuronal degeneration in response to acute MPTP challenge in type 2 diabetes mice
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Wang, L.; Zhai, Y.-Q.; Xu, L.-L.; Qiao, C.; Sun, X.-L.; Ding, J.-H.; Lu, M.; Hu, G. Metabolic inflammation exacerbates dopaminergic neuronal degeneration in response to acute MPTP challenge in type 2 diabetes mice. Exp. Neurol. 2014, 251, 22–29. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2014) Exp. Neurol , vol.251 , pp. 22-29
    • Wang, L.1    Zhai, Y.-Q.2    Xu, L.-L.3    Qiao, C.4    Sun, X.-L.5    Ding, J.-H.6    Lu, M.7    Hu, G.8
  • 83
    • 34447328426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroinflammation in Parkinson’s patients and MPTP-treated mice is not restricted to the nigrostriatal system: Microgliosis and differential expression of interleukin-1 receptors in the olfactory bulb
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Vroon, A.; Drukarch, B.; Bol, J.G.J.M.; Cras, P.; Brevé, J.J.P.; Allan, S.M.; Relton, J.K.; Hoogland, P.V.J.M.; van Dam, A.-M. Neuroinflammation in Parkinson’s patients and MPTP-treated mice is not restricted to the nigrostriatal system: Microgliosis and differential expression of interleukin-1 receptors in the olfactory bulb. Exp. Gerontol. 2007, 42, 762–771. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2007) Exp. Gerontol , vol.42 , pp. 762-771
    • Vroon, A.1    Drukarch, B.2    Bol, J.G.J.M.3    Cras, P.4    Brevé, J.J.P.5    Allan, S.M.6    Relton, J.K.7    Hoogland, P.V.J.M.8    van Dam, A.-M.9
  • 84
    • 4444333135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interleukin-18 null mice show diminished microglial activation and reduced dopaminergic neuron loss following acute 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine treatment
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Sugama, S.; Wirz, S.A.; Barr, A.M.; Conti, B.; Bartfai, T.; Shibasaki, T. Interleukin-18 null mice show diminished microglial activation and reduced dopaminergic neuron loss following acute 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine treatment. Neuroscience 2004, 128, 451–458. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2004) Neuroscience , vol.128 , pp. 451-458
    • Sugama, S.1    Wirz, S.A.2    Barr, A.M.3    Conti, B.4    Bartfai, T.5    Shibasaki, T.6
  • 85
    • 79551611535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repairing the parkinsonian brain with neurotrophic factors
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Aron, L.; Klein, R. Repairing the parkinsonian brain with neurotrophic factors. Trends Neurosci. 2011, 34, 88–100. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2011) Trends Neurosci , vol.34 , pp. 88-100
    • Aron, L.1    Klein, R.2
  • 86
    • 84908615939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurotrophic factors: From neurodevelopmental regulators to novel therapies for Parkinson’s disease
    • [PubMed]
    • Hegarty, S.V.; O’Keeffe, G.W.; Sullivan, A.M. Neurotrophic factors: From neurodevelopmental regulators to novel therapies for Parkinson’s disease. Neural Regen. Res. 2014, 9, 1708–1711. [PubMed]
    • (2014) Neural Regen. Res , vol.9 , pp. 1708-1711
    • Hegarty, S.V.1    O’Keeffe, G.W.2    Sullivan, A.M.3
  • 87
    • 84877350585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current advances in using neurotrophic factors to treat neurodegenerative disorders
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Weissmiller, A.M.; Wu, C. Current advances in using neurotrophic factors to treat neurodegenerative disorders. Transl. Neurodegener. 2012, 1, 14. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2012) Transl. Neurodegener , vol.1 , pp. 14
    • Weissmiller, A.M.1    Wu, C.2
  • 88
    • 0025876757 scopus 로고
    • BDNF is a neurotrophic factor for dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Hyman, C.; Hofer, M.; Barde, Y.A.; Juhasz, M.; Yancopoulos, G.D.; Squinto, S.P.; Lindsay, R.M. BDNF is a neurotrophic factor for dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra. Nature 1991, 350, 230–232. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (1991) Nature , vol.350 , pp. 230-232
    • Hyman, C.1    Hofer, M.2    Barde, Y.A.3    Juhasz, M.4    Yancopoulos, G.D.5    Squinto, S.P.6    Lindsay, R.M.7
  • 89
    • 84859879356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neurotrophin family of neurotrophic factors: An overview. Methods Mol. Biol
    • Skaper, S.D. The neurotrophin family of neurotrophic factors: An overview. Methods Mol. Biol. Clifton NJ 2012, 846, 1–12.
    • (2012) Clifton NJ , vol.846 , pp. 1-12
    • Skaper, S.D.1
  • 90
    • 2942642117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in nestin-expressing astroglial cells in the neostriatum of 1-methyl-4-phenyl- 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-treated mice
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Chen, L.-W.; Hu, H.-J.; Liu, H.-L.; Yung, K.K.L.; Chan, Y.S. Identification of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in nestin-expressing astroglial cells in the neostriatum of 1-methyl-4-phenyl- 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-treated mice. Neuroscience 2004, 126, 941–953. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2004) Neuroscience , vol.126 , pp. 941-953
    • Chen, L.-W.1    Hu, H.-J.2    Liu, H.-L.3    Yung, K.K.L.4    Chan, Y.S.5
  • 91
    • 84865092868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise does not protect against MPTP-induced neurotoxicity in BDNF haploinsufficient mice
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Gerecke, K.M.; Jiao, Y.; Pagala, V.; Smeyne, R.J. Exercise does not protect against MPTP-induced neurotoxicity in BDNF haploinsufficient mice. PLoS ONE 2012, 7, e43250. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2012) Plos ONE , vol.7
    • Gerecke, K.M.1    Jiao, Y.2    Pagala, V.3    Smeyne, R.J.4
  • 92
    • 79851511400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic deprivation of TrkB signaling leads to selective late-onset nigrostriatal dopaminergic degeneration. Exp
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Baydyuk, M.; Nguyen, M.T.; Xu, B. Chronic deprivation of TrkB signaling leads to selective late-onset nigrostriatal dopaminergic degeneration. Exp. Neurol. 2011, 228, 118–125. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2011) Neurol , vol.228 , pp. 118-125
    • Baydyuk, M.1    Nguyen, M.T.2    Xu, B.3
  • 93
    • 0026681597 scopus 로고
    • Ventricular injection of nerve growth factor increases dopamine content in the striata of MPTP-treated mice. Neurochem
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Garcia, E.; Rios, C.; Sotelo, J. Ventricular injection of nerve growth factor increases dopamine content in the striata of MPTP-treated mice. Neurochem. Res. 1992, 17, 979–982. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (1992) Res , vol.17 , pp. 979-982
    • Garcia, E.1    Rios, C.2    Sotelo, J.3
  • 94
    • 33745883258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Localization of nerve growth factor, neurotrophin-3, and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in nestin-expressing reactive astrocytes in the caudate-putamen of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-treated C57/Bl mice
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Chen, L.-W.; Zhang, J.-P.; Kwok-Yan Shum, D.; Chan, Y.-S. Localization of nerve growth factor, neurotrophin-3, and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in nestin-expressing reactive astrocytes in the caudate-putamen of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-treated C57/Bl mice. J. Comp. Neurol. 2006, 497, 898–909. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2006) J. Comp. Neurol , vol.497 , pp. 898-909
    • Chen, L.-W.1    Zhang, J.-P.2    Kwok-Yan Shum, D.3    Chan, Y.-S.4
  • 95
    • 84863356004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurorestoration. Parkinsonism Relat
    • [CrossRef]
    • Airavaara, M.; Voutilainen, M.H.; Wang, Y.; Hoffer, B. Neurorestoration. Parkinsonism Relat. Disord. 2012, 18, S143–S146. [CrossRef]
    • (2012) Disord , vol.18 , pp. S143-S146
    • Airavaara, M.1    Voutilainen, M.H.2    Wang, Y.3    Hoffer, B.4
  • 96
    • 0027285510 scopus 로고
    • GDNF: A glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor for midbrain dopaminergic neurons
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Lin, L.F.; Doherty, D.H.; Lile, J.D.; Bektesh, S.; Collins, F. GDNF: A glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor for midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Science 1993, 260, 1130–1132. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (1993) Science , vol.260 , pp. 1130-1132
    • Lin, L.F.1    Doherty, D.H.2    Lile, J.D.3    Bektesh, S.4    Collins, F.5
  • 97
    • 0005934486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurotrophic factors in neurodegenerative disorders: Model of Parkinson’s disease. Neurotox
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Garcia de Yebenes, J.; Yebenes, J.; Mena, M.A. Neurotrophic factors in neurodegenerative disorders: Model of Parkinson’s disease. Neurotox. Res. 2000, 2, 115–137. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2000) Res , vol.2 , pp. 115-137
    • Garcia De Yebenes, J.1    Yebenes, J.2    Mena, M.A.3
  • 98
    • 0034192597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor is essential for postnatal survival of midbrain dopamine neurons
    • [PubMed]
    • Granholm, A.C.; Reyland, M.; Albeck, D.; Sanders, L.; Gerhardt, G.; Hoernig, G.; Shen, L.; Westphal, H.; Hoffer, B. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor is essential for postnatal survival of midbrain dopamine neurons. J. Neurosci. 2000, 20, 3182–3190. [PubMed]
    • (2000) J. Neurosci , vol.20 , pp. 3182-3190
    • Granholm, A.C.1    Reyland, M.2    Albeck, D.3    Sanders, L.4    Gerhardt, G.5    Hoernig, G.6    Shen, L.7    Westphal, H.8    Hoffer, B.9
  • 99
    • 0032514206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GDNF administration induces recovery of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system both in young and aged parkinsonian mice
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Date, I.; Aoi, M.; Tomita, S.; Collins, F.; Ohmoto, T. GDNF administration induces recovery of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system both in young and aged parkinsonian mice. Neuroreport 1998, 9, 2365–2369. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (1998) Neuroreport , vol.9 , pp. 2365-2369
    • Date, I.1    Aoi, M.2    Tomita, S.3    Collins, F.4    Ohmoto, T.5
  • 100
    • 0028834063 scopus 로고
    • Protection and repair of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system by GDNF in vivo
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Tomac, A.; Lindqvist, E.; Lin, L.F.; Ogren, S.O.; Young, D.; Hoffer, B.J.; Olson, L. Protection and repair of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system by GDNF in vivo. Nature 1995, 373, 335–339. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (1995) Nature , vol.373 , pp. 335-339
    • Tomac, A.1    Lindqvist, E.2    Lin, L.F.3    Ogren, S.O.4    Young, D.5    Hoffer, B.J.6    Olson, L.7
  • 101
    • 0032563356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor protects against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced neurotoxicity in C57BL/6 mice
    • [CrossRef]
    • Cheng, F.C.; Ni, D.R.; Wu, M.C.; Kuo, J.S.; Chia, L.G. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor protects against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced neurotoxicity in C57BL/6 mice. Neurosci. Lett. 1998, 252, 87–90. [CrossRef]
    • (1998) Neurosci. Lett , vol.252 , pp. 87-90
    • Cheng, F.C.1    Ni, D.R.2    Wu, M.C.3    Kuo, J.S.4    Chia, L.G.5
  • 102
    • 33846294812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GDNF applied to the MPTP-lesioned nigrostriatal system requires TGF-
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Schober, A.; Peterziel, H.; von Bartheld, C.S.; Simon, H.; Krieglstein, K.; Unsicker, K. GDNF applied to the MPTP-lesioned nigrostriatal system requires TGF-β for its neuroprotective action. Neurobiol. Dis. 2007, 25, 378–391. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2007) Neurobiol. Dis , vol.25 , pp. 378-391
    • Schober, A.1    Peterziel, H.2    Von Bartheld, C.S.3    Simon, H.4    Krieglstein, K.5    Unsicker, K.6
  • 103
    • 77955171756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Macrophage-mediated GDNF delivery protects against dopaminergic neurodegeneration: A therapeutic strategy for Parkinson’s disease
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Biju, K.C.; Zhou, Q.; Li, G.; Imam, S.Z.; Roberts, J.L.; Morgan, W.W.; Clark, R.A.; Li, S. Macrophage-mediated GDNF delivery protects against dopaminergic neurodegeneration: A therapeutic strategy for Parkinson’s disease. Mol. Ther. J. Am. Soc. Gene Ther. 2010, 18, 1536–1544. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2010) Mol. Ther. J. Am. Soc. Gene Ther , vol.18 , pp. 1536-1544
    • Biju, K.C.1    Zhou, Q.2    Li, G.3    Imam, S.Z.4    Roberts, J.L.5    Morgan, W.W.6    Clark, R.A.7    Li, S.8
  • 104
    • 84873256816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bone marrow-derived microglia-based neurturin delivery protects against dopaminergic neurodegeneration in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease. Neurosci
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Biju, K.C.; Santacruz, R.A.; Chen, C.; Zhou, Q.; Yao, J.; Rohrabaugh, S.L.; Clark, R.A.; Roberts, J.L.; Phillips, K.A.; Imam, S.Z.; et al. Bone marrow-derived microglia-based neurturin delivery protects against dopaminergic neurodegeneration in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease. Neurosci. Lett. 2013, 535, 24–29. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2013) Lett , vol.535 , pp. 24-29
    • Biju, K.C.1    Santacruz, R.A.2    Chen, C.3    Zhou, Q.4    Yao, J.5    Rohrabaugh, S.L.6    Clark, R.A.7    Roberts, J.L.8    Phillips, K.A.9    Imam, S.Z.10
  • 105
    • 38049112581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Signaling does not modulate MPTP toxicity but is required for regeneration of dopaminergic axon terminals
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Kowsky, S.; Pöppelmeyer, C.; Kramer, E.R.; Falkenburger, B.H.; Kruse, A.; Klein, R.; Schulz, J.B. RET signaling does not modulate MPTP toxicity but is required for regeneration of dopaminergic axon terminals. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2007, 104, 20049–20054. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2007) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.104 , pp. 20049-20054
    • Kowsky, S.1    Pöppelmeyer, C.2    Kramer, E.R.3    Falkenburger, B.H.4    Kruse, A.5    Klein, R.6    Schulz, J.7
  • 106
    • 55549097410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential effects of the dopamine neurotoxin MPTP in animals with a partial deletion of the GDNF receptor, GFR α1, gene
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Boger, H.A.; Middaugh, L.D.; Zaman, V.; Hoffer, B.; Granholm, A.-C. Differential effects of the dopamine neurotoxin MPTP in animals with a partial deletion of the GDNF receptor, GFR α1, gene. Brain Res. 2008, 1241, 18–28. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2008) Brain Res , vol.1241 , pp. 18-28
    • Boger, H.A.1    Middaugh, L.D.2    Zaman, V.3    Hoffer, B.4    Granholm, A.-C.5
  • 107
    • 0029414747 scopus 로고
    • Development of mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons and the transforming growth factor-β superfamily
    • [PubMed]
    • Krieglstein, K.; Suter-Crazzolara, C.; Unsicker, K. Development of mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons and the transforming growth factor-β superfamily. J. Neural Transm. Suppl. 1995, 46, 209–216. [PubMed]
    • (1995) J. Neural Transm. Suppl , vol.46 , pp. 209-216
    • Krieglstein, K.1    Suter-Crazzolara, C.2    Unsicker, K.3
  • 108
    • 0032403377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor requires transforming growth factor-β for exerting its full neurotrophic potential on peripheral and CNS neurons
    • [PubMed]
    • Krieglstein, K.; Henheik, P.; Farkas, L.; Jaszai, J.; Galter, D.; Krohn, K.; Unsicker, K. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor requires transforming growth factor-β for exerting its full neurotrophic potential on peripheral and CNS neurons. J. Neurosci. 1998, 18, 9822–9834. [PubMed]
    • (1998) J. Neurosci , vol.18 , pp. 9822-9834
    • Krieglstein, K.1    Henheik, P.2    Farkas, L.3    Jaszai, J.4    Galter, D.5    Krohn, K.6    Unsicker, K.7
  • 109
    • 0033559397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor rescues target-deprived sympathetic spinal cord neurons but requires transforming growth factor- β as cofactor in vivo
    • [PubMed]
    • Schober, A.; Hertel, R.; Arumäe, U.; Farkas, L.; Jaszai, J.; Krieglstein, K.; Saarma, M.; Unsicker, K. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor rescues target-deprived sympathetic spinal cord neurons but requires transforming growth factor- β as cofactor in vivo. J. Neurosci. 1999, 19, 2008–2015. [PubMed]
    • (1999) J. Neurosci , vol.19 , pp. 2008-2015
    • Schober, A.1    Hertel, R.2    Arumäe, U.3    Farkas, L.4    Jaszai, J.5    Krieglstein, K.6    Saarma, M.7    Unsicker, K.8
  • 110
    • 33244470664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transforming growth factor β2 haploinsufficient mice develop age-related nigrostriatal dopamine deficits. Neurobiol
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Andrews, Z.B.; Zhao, H.; Frugier, T.; Meguro, R.; Grattan, D.R.; Koishi, K.; McLennan, I.S. Transforming growth factor β2 haploinsufficient mice develop age-related nigrostriatal dopamine deficits. Neurobiol. Dis. 2006, 21, 568–575. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2006) Dis , vol.21 , pp. 568-575
    • Andrews, Z.B.1    Zhao, H.2    Frugier, T.3    Meguro, R.4    Grattan, D.R.5    Koishi, K.6    McLennan, I.S.7
  • 111
    • 0041659303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transforming growth factor β1 overexpression in the nigrostriatal system increases the dopaminergic deficit of MPTP mice
    • [CrossRef]
    • Sánchez-Capelo, A.; Colin, P.; Guibert, B.; Biguet, N.F.; Mallet, J. Transforming growth factor β1 overexpression in the nigrostriatal system increases the dopaminergic deficit of MPTP mice. Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 2003, 23, 614–625. [CrossRef]
    • (2003) Mol. Cell. Neurosci , vol.23 , pp. 614-625
    • Sánchez-Capelo, A.1    Colin, P.2    Guibert, B.3    Biguet, N.F.4    Mallet, J.5
  • 112
    • 0025880072 scopus 로고
    • Epidermal growth factor enhances striatal dopaminergic parameters in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-treated mouse
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Hadjiconstantinou, M.; Fitkin, J.G.; Dalia, A.; Neff, N.H. Epidermal growth factor enhances striatal dopaminergic parameters in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-treated mouse. J. Neurochem. 1991, 57, 479–482. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (1991) J. Neurochem , vol.57 , pp. 479-482
    • Hadjiconstantinou, M.1    Fitkin, J.G.2    Dalia, A.3    Neff, N.H.4
  • 113
    • 0025034302 scopus 로고
    • MPTP-treated young mice but not aging mice show partial recovery of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system by stereotaxic injection of acidic fibroblast growth factor (AFGF)
    • [CrossRef]
    • Date, I.; Notter, M.F.; Felten, S.Y.; Felten, D.L. MPTP-treated young mice but not aging mice show partial recovery of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system by stereotaxic injection of acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF). Brain Res. 1990, 526, 156–160. [CrossRef]
    • (1990) Brain Res , vol.526 , pp. 156-160
    • Date, I.1    Notter, M.F.2    Felten, S.Y.3    Felten, D.L.4
  • 114
    • 0025440265 scopus 로고
    • Basic FGF reverses chemical and morphological deficits in the nigrostriatal system of MPTP-treated mice
    • [PubMed]
    • Otto, D.; Unsicker, K. Basic FGF reverses chemical and morphological deficits in the nigrostriatal system of MPTP-treated mice. J. Neurosci. 1990, 10, 1912–1921. [PubMed]
    • (1990) J. Neurosci , vol.10 , pp. 1912-1921
    • Otto, D.1    Unsicker, K.2
  • 115
    • 0027740184 scopus 로고
    • Protective actions of human recombinant basic fibroblast growth factor on MPTP-lesioned nigrostriatal dopamine neurons after intraventricular infusion
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Chadi, G.; Møller, A.; Rosén, L.; Janson, A.M.; Agnati, L.A.; Goldstein, M.; Ogren, S.O.; Pettersson, R.F.; Fuxe, K. Protective actions of human recombinant basic fibroblast growth factor on MPTP-lesioned nigrostriatal dopamine neurons after intraventricular infusion. Exp. Brain Res. 1993, 97, 145–158. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (1993) Exp. Brain Res , vol.97 , pp. 145-158
    • Chadi, G.1    Møller, A.2    Rosén, L.3    Janson, A.M.4    Agnati, L.A.5    Goldstein, M.6    Ogren, S.O.7    Pettersson, R.F.8    Fuxe, K.9
  • 116
    • 0027326161 scopus 로고
    • FGF-2 modulates dopamine and dopamine-related striatal transmitter systems in the intact and MPTP-lesioned mouse
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Otto, D.; Unsicker, K. FGF-2 modulates dopamine and dopamine-related striatal transmitter systems in the intact and MPTP-lesioned mouse. Eur. J. Neurosci. 1993, 5, 927–932. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (1993) Eur. J. Neurosci , vol.5 , pp. 927-932
    • Otto, D.1    Unsicker, K.2
  • 117
    • 0028430953 scopus 로고
    • FGF-2 in the MPTP model of Parkinson’s disease
    • Unsicker, K. FGF-2 in the MPTP model of Parkinson’s disease: Effects on astroglial cells. Glia 1994, 11, 47–56.
    • (1994) Effects on Astroglial Cells. Glia , vol.11 , pp. 47-56
    • Unsicker, K.1
  • 118
    • 0029924692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early effects of FGF-2 on glial cells in the MPTP-lesioned striatum
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Wirth, S.B.; Rufer, M.; Unsicker, K. Early effects of FGF-2 on glial cells in the MPTP-lesioned striatum. Exp. Neurol. 1996, 137, 191–200. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (1996) Exp. Neurol , vol.137 , pp. 191-200
    • Wirth, S.B.1    Rufer, M.2    Unsicker, K.3
  • 119
    • 33645109173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Von Bohlen und Halbach, O. FGF-2 deficiency does not alter vulnerability of the dopaminergic nigrostriatal system towards MPTP intoxication in mice
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Zechel, S.; Jarosik, J.; Kiprianova, I.; Schober, A.; Unsicker, K.; von Bohlen und Halbach, O. FGF-2 deficiency does not alter vulnerability of the dopaminergic nigrostriatal system towards MPTP intoxication in mice. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2006, 23, 1671–1675. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2006) Eur. J. Neurosci , vol.23 , pp. 1671-1675
    • Zechel, S.1    Jarosik, J.2    Kiprianova, I.3    Schober, A.4    Unsicker, K.5
  • 120
    • 28844432459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The insulin-like growth factor system and its pleiotropic functions in brain
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Russo, V.C.; Gluckman, P.D.; Feldman, E.L.; Werther, G.A. The insulin-like growth factor system and its pleiotropic functions in brain. Endocr. Rev. 2005, 26, 916–943. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2005) Endocr. Rev , vol.26 , pp. 916-943
    • Russo, V.C.1    Gluckman, P.D.2    Feldman, E.L.3    Werther, G.A.4
  • 123
    • 0027082893 scopus 로고
    • Platelet-derived growth factor promotes survival of rat and human mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons in culture. Exp
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Nikkhah, G.; Odin, P.; Smits, A.; Tingström, A.; Othberg, A.; Brundin, P.; Funa, K.; Lindvall, O. Platelet-derived growth factor promotes survival of rat and human mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons in culture. Exp. Brain Res. 1993, 92, 516–523. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (1993) Brain Res , vol.92 , pp. 516-523
    • Nikkhah, G.1    Odin, P.2    Smits, A.3    Tingström, A.4    Othberg, A.5    Brundin, P.6    Funa, K.7    Lindvall, O.8
  • 124
    • 0029053764 scopus 로고
    • Specific effects of platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) on fetal rat and human dopaminergic neurons in vitro
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Othberg, A.; Odin, P.; Ballagi, A.; Ahgren, A.; Funa, K.; Lindvall, O. Specific effects of platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) on fetal rat and human dopaminergic neurons in vitro. Exp. Brain Res. 1995, 105, 111–122. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (1995) Exp. Brain Res , vol.105 , pp. 111-122
    • Othberg, A.1    Odin, P.2    Ballagi, A.3    Ahgren, A.4    Funa, K.5    Lindvall, O.6
  • 125
    • 0033390921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor and Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor: Comparisons and Potential for Use in the Treatment of Infections in Nonneutropenic Patients
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Root, R.K.; Dale, D.C. Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor and Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor: Comparisons and Potential for Use in the Treatment of Infections in Nonneutropenic Patients. J. Infect. Dis. 1999, 179, S342–S352. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (1999) J. Infect. Dis , vol.179 , pp. S342-S352
    • Root, R.K.1    Dale, D.C.2
  • 127
  • 129
    • 78650218130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) enhances recovery in mouse model of Parkinson’s disease
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Song, S.; Sava, V.; Rowe, A.; Li, K.; Cao, C.; Mori, T.; Sanchez-Ramos, J. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) enhances recovery in mouse model of Parkinson’s disease. Neurosci. Lett. 2011, 487, 153–157. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2011) Neurosci. Lett , vol.487 , pp. 153-157
    • Song, S.1    Sava, V.2    Rowe, A.3    Li, K.4    Cao, C.5    Mori, T.6    Sanchez-Ramos, J.7
  • 130
    • 33750043456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor protects against MPTP-induced dopaminergic cell death in mice by altering Bcl-2/Bax expression levels
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Cao, X.-Q.; Arai, H.; Ren, Y.-R.; Oizumi, H.; Zhang, N.; Seike, S.; Furuya, T.; Yasuda, T.; Mizuno, Y.; Mochizuki, H. Recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor protects against MPTP-induced dopaminergic cell death in mice by altering Bcl-2/Bax expression levels. J. Neurochem. 2006, 99, 861–867. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2006) J. Neurochem , vol.99 , pp. 861-867
    • Cao, X.-Q.1    Arai, H.2    Ren, Y.-R.3    Oizumi, H.4    Zhang, N.5    Seike, S.6    Furuya, T.7    Yasuda, T.8    Mizuno, Y.9    Mochizuki, H.10
  • 131
    • 61449227467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor promotes survival of dopaminergic neurons in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced murine Parkinson’s disease model
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Kim, N.K.; Choi, B.H.; Huang, X.; Snyder, B.J.; Bukhari, S.; Kong, T.-H.; Park, H.; Park, H.C.; Park, S.R.; Ha, Y. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor promotes survival of dopaminergic neurons in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced murine Parkinson’s disease model. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2009, 29, 891–900. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2009) Eur. J. Neurosci , vol.29 , pp. 891-900
    • Kim, N.K.1    Choi, B.H.2    Huang, X.3    Snyder, B.J.4    Bukhari, S.5    Kong, T.-H.6    Park, H.7    Park, H.C.8    Park, S.R.9    Ha, Y.10
  • 132
    • 84888369519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GM-CSF induces neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory responses in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine intoxicated mice
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Kosloski, L.M.; Kosmacek, E.A.; Olson, K.E.; Mosley, R.L.; Gendelman, H.E. GM-CSF induces neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory responses in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine intoxicated mice. J. Neuroimmunol. 2013, 265, 1–10. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2013) J. Neuroimmunol , vol.265 , pp. 1-10
    • Kosloski, L.M.1    Kosmacek, E.A.2    Olson, K.E.3    Mosley, R.L.4    Gendelman, H.E.5
  • 133
    • 77949691167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel CDNF/MANF family of neurotrophic factors. Dev
    • [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • Lindholm, P.; Saarma, M. Novel CDNF/MANF family of neurotrophic factors. Dev. Neurobiol. 2010, 70, 360–371. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
    • (2010) Neurobiol , vol.70 , pp. 360-371
    • Lindholm, P.1    Saarma, M.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.