Th17 Cell Plasticity and Functions in Cancer Immunity

BioMed Research International

Volumn 2015, Issue , 2015, Pages

  Guéry, Leslie ^a   Hugues, Stéphanie ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GENEVA MEDICAL SCHOOL   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GAMMA INTERFERON; INTERLEUKIN 17; IL17A PROTEIN, HUMAN;

ANGIOGENESIS; CELL FUNCTION; HUMAN; NONHUMAN; PLASTICITY; REGULATORY T LYMPHOCYTE; REVIEW; TH17 CELL; TH2 CELL; TUMOR IMMUNITY; TUMOR MICROENVIRONMENT; CELL PLASTICITY; GENETICS; IMMUNOLOGY; INFLAMMATION; METABOLISM; NEOPLASM; NEOVASCULARIZATION (PATHOLOGY); PATHOLOGY;

CELL PLASTICITY; HUMANS; INFLAMMATION; INTERFERON-GAMMA; INTERLEUKIN-17; NEOPLASMS; NEOVASCULARIZATION, PATHOLOGIC; TH17 CELLS; TUMOR MICROENVIRONMENT;

EID: 84947483904     PISSN: 23146133     EISSN: 23146141     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1155/2015/314620     Document Type: Review

References (111)

1. L. E. Harrington, R. D. Hatton, P. R. Mangan et al., "Interleukin 17-producing CD4+ effector T cells develop via a lineage distinct from the T helper type 1 and 2 lineages, " Nature Immunology, vol. 6, no. 11, pp. 1123-1132, 2005.
2. H. Park, Z. Li, X. O. Yang et al., "A distinct lineage of CD4 T cells regulates tissue inflammation by producing interleukin 17, " Nature Immunology, vol. 6, no. 11, pp. 1133-1141, 2005.
3. T. Korn, E. Bettelli, M. Oukka, and V. K. Kuchroo, "IL-17 and Th17 cells, " Annual Review of Immunology, vol. 27, pp. 485-517, 2009.
4. C. L. Langrish, Y. Chen, W. M. Blumenschein et al., "IL-23 drives a pathogenic T cell population that induces autoimmune inflammation, " The Journal of Experimental Medicine, vol. 201, no. 2, pp. 233-240, 2005.
5. I. I. Ivanov, B. S. McKenzie, L. Zhou et al., "The orphan nuclear receptor ROR t directs the differentiation program of proinflammatory IL-17+ T helper cells, " Cell, vol. 126, no. 6, pp. 1121-1133, 2006.
6. F. Annunziato, L. Cosmi, V. Santarlasci et al., "Phenotypic and functional features of human Th17 cells, " The Journal of Experimental Medicine, vol. 204, no. 8, pp. 1849-1861, 2007.
7. X. O. Yang, B. P. Pappu, R. Nurieva et al., "T helper 17 lineage differentiation is programmed by orphan nuclear receptors ROR and ROR, " Immunity, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 29-39, 2008.
8. L. Durant, W. T. Watford, H. L. Ramos et al., "Diverse targets of the transcription factor STAT3 contribute to T cell pathogenicity and homeostasis, " Immunity, vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 605-615, 2010.
9. B. U. Schraml, K. Hildner, W. Ise et al., "The AP-1 transcription factor Batf controls T 17 differentiation, " Nature, vol. 460, no. 7253, pp. 405-409, 2009.
10. M. Huber, A. Brüstle, K. Reinhard et al., "IRF4 is essential for IL-21-mediated induction, amplification, and stabilization of the Th17 phenotype, " Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 105, no. 52, pp. 20846-20851, 2008.
11. F. J. Quintana, A. S. Basso, A. H. Iglesias et al., "Control of T and T 17 cell differentiation by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, " Nature, vol. 453, no. 7191, pp. 65-71, 2008.
12. M. Veldhoen, K. Hirota, A. M. Westendorf et al., "The aryl hydrocarbon receptor links T 17-cell-mediated autoimmunity to environmental toxins, " Nature, vol. 453, no. 7191, pp. 106-109, 2008.
13. S. A. Khader, S. L. Gaffen, and J. K. Kolls, "Th17 cells at the crossroads of innate and adaptive immunity against infectious diseases at the mucosa, " Mucosal Immunology, vol. 2, no. 5, pp. 403-411, 2009.
14. F. Fossiez, O. Djossou, P. Chomarat et al., "T cell interleukin-17 induces stromal cells to produce proinflammatory and hematopoietic cytokines, " The Journal of Experimental Medicine, vol. 183, no. 6, pp. 2593-2603, 1996.
15. P. Ye, F. H. Rodriguez, S. Kanaly et al., "Requirement of interleukin 17 receptor signaling for lung CXC chemokine and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor expression, neutrophil recruitment, and host defense, " The Journal of Experimental Medicine, vol. 194, no. 4, pp. 519-527, 2001.
16. M. Pelletier, L. Maggi, A. Micheletti et al., "Evidence for a crosstalk between human neutrophils and Th17 cells, " Blood, vol. 115, no. 2, pp. 335-343, 2010.
17. S. C. Liang, X.-Y. Tan, D. P. Luxenberg et al., "Interleukin (IL)-22 and IL-17 are coexpressed by Th17 cells and cooperatively enhance expression of antimicrobial peptides, " The Journal of Experimental Medicine, vol. 203, no. 10, pp. 2271-2279, 2006.
18. M. Mitsdoerffer, Y. Lee, A. Jäger et al., "Proinflammatory T helper type 17 cells are effective B-cell helpers, " Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 107, no. 32, pp. 14292-14297, 2010.
19. N. Martin-Orozco, P. Muranski, Y. Chung et al., "T helper 17 cells promote cytotoxic T cell activation in tumor immunity, " Immunity, vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 787-798, 2009.
20. M. A. Munegowda, Y. Deng, S. J. Mulligan, and J. Xiang, "Th17 and Th17-stimulated CD8+ T cells play a distinct role in Th17-induced preventive and therapeutic antitumor immunity, " Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy, vol. 60, no. 10, pp. 1473-1484, 2011.
21. K. Nistala, S. Adams, H. Cambrook et al., "Th17 plasticity in human autoimmune arthritis is driven by the inflammatory environment, " Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 107, no. 33, pp. 14751-14756, 2010.
22. H. Kebir, I. Ifergan, J. I. Alvarez et al., "Preferential recruitment of interferon-expressing TH17 cells in multiple sclerosis, " Annals of Neurology, vol. 66, no. 3, pp. 390-402, 2009.
23. Y. K. Lee, H. Turner, C. L. Maynard et al., "Late developmental plasticity in the T helper 17 lineage, " Immunity, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 92-107, 2009.
24. A. Rizzo, V. De Mare, C. Rocchi et al., "Smad7 induces plasticity in tumor-infiltrating Th17 cells and enables TNF-alphamediated killing of colorectal cancer cells, " Carcinogenesis, vol. 35, no. 7, pp. 1536-1546, 2014.
25. L. Cosmi, R. Cimaz, L. Maggi et al., "Evidence of the transient nature of the Th17 phenotype of CD4+CD161+ T cells in the synovial fluid of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis, " Arthritis and Rheumatism, vol. 63, no. 8, pp. 2504-2515, 2011.
26. D. Bending, H. de la Peña, M. Veldhoen et al., "Highly purified Th17 cells from BDC2. 5NOD mice convert into Th1-like cells in NOD/SCID recipient mice, "The Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol. 119, no. 3, pp. 565-572, 2009.
27. K. Hirota, J. H. Duarte, M. Veldhoen et al., "Fate mapping of IL-17-producing T cells in inflammatory responses, " Nature Immunology, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 255-263, 2011.
28. Y. Wang, J. Godec, K. Ben-Aissa et al., "The transcriptionfactors T-bet and runx are required for the ontogeny of pathogenic interferon-producing T helper 17 cells, " Immunity, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 355-366, 2014.
29. C. E. Zielinski, F. Mele, D. Aschenbrenner et al., "Pathogeninduced human T 17 cells produce IFN-or IL-10 and are regulated by IL-1, " Nature, vol. 484, no. 7395, pp. 514-518, 2012.
30. G. Wei, L. Wei, J. Zhu et al., "Global mapping of H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 reveals specificity and plasticity in lineage fate determination of differentiating CD4+ T cells, " Immunity, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 155-167, 2009.
31. H. Liu, A. T. Cao, T. Feng et al., "TGF-converts Th1 cells into Th17 cells through stimulation of Runx1 expression, " European Journal of Immunology, vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 1010-1018, 2015.
32. D. Mucida, Y. Park, G. Kim et al., "Reciprocal TH17 and regulatory T cell differentiation mediated by retinoic acid, " Science, vol. 317, no. 5835, pp. 256-260, 2007.
33. E. V. Dang, J. Barbi, H.-Y. Yang et al., "Control of T 17/T balance by hypoxia-inducible factor 1, " Cell, vol. 146, no. 5, pp. 772-784, 2011.
34. L. Z. Shi, R. Wang, G. Huang et al., "HIF1alpha-dependent glycolytic pathway orchestrates a metabolic checkpoint for the differentiation of TH17 and Treg cells, " The Journal of Experimental Medicine, vol. 208, no. 7, pp. 1367-1376, 2011.
35. L. Berod, C. Friedrich, A. Nandan et al., "De novo fatty acid synthesis controls the fate between regulatory T and T helper 17 cells, " Nature Medicine, vol. 20, no. 11, pp. 1327-1333, 2014.
36. M. S. Sundrud and C. Trivigno, "Identity crisis of Th17 cells: many forms, many functions, many questions, " Seminars in Immunology, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 263-272, 2013.
37. T. Poutahidis, M. Kleinewietfeld, C. Smillie et al., "Microbial reprogramming inhibitsWestern diet-associated obesity, " PLoS ONE, vol. 8, no. 7, Article ID e68596, 2013.
38. H. J. P. M. Koenen, R. L. Smeets, P. M. Vink, E. vanRijssen, A. M. H. Boots, and I. Joosten, "Human CD25 Foxp3 regulatory T cells differentiate into IL-17 producing cells, " Blood, vol. 112, no. 6, pp. 2340-2352, 2008.
39. D. Valmori, C. Raffin, I. Raimbaud, and M. Ayyoub, "Human ROR t+ T 17 cells preferentially differentiate from naive FOXP3+Treg in the presence of lineage-specific polarizing factors, " Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 107, no. 45, pp. 19402-19407, 2010.
40. X. O. Yang, R. Nurieva, G. J. Martinez et al., "Molecular antagonism and plasticity of regulatory and inflammatory T cell programs, " Immunity, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 44-56, 2008.
41. K. S. Voo, Y.-H. Wang, F. R. Santori et al., "Identification of IL-17-producing FOXP3+ regulatory T cells in humans, " Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 106, no. 12, pp. 4793-4798, 2009.
42. X. Zhou, S. L. Bailey-Bucktrout, L. T. Jeker et al., "Instability of the transcription factor Foxp3 leads to the generation of pathogenic memory T cells in vivo, " Nature Immunology, vol. 10, no. 9, pp. 1000-1007, 2009.
43. H. J. Bovenschen, P. C. van de Kerkhof, P. E. van Erp, R. Woestenenk, I. Joosten, and H. J. P. M. Koenen, "Foxp3 regulatory T cells of psoriasis patients easily differentiate into IL-17A-producing cells and are found in lesional skin, " The Journal of Investigative Dermatology, vol. 131, no. 9, pp. 1853-1860, 2011.
44. N. Komatsu, K. Okamoto, S. Sawa et al., "Pathogenic conversion of Foxp3+ T cells into TH17 cells in autoimmune arthritis, " Nature Medicine, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 62-68, 2014.
45. N. Obermajer, F. C. Popp, Y. Soeder et al., "Conversion of Th17 into IL-17A regulatory T cells: a novel mechanism in prolonged allograft survival promoted by mesenchymal stem cell-supported minimized immunosuppressive therapy, " The Journal of Immunology, vol. 193, no. 10, pp. 4988-4999, 2014.
46. E. Esplugues, S. Huber, N. Gagliani et al., "Control of T 17 cells occurs in the small intestine, " Nature, vol. 475, no. 7357, pp. 514-518, 2011.
47. N. Gagliani, M. C. Vesely, A. Iseppon et al., "Th17 cells transdifferentiate into regulatory T cells during resolution of inflammation, " Nature, 2015.
48. Y.-H. Wang, K. S. Voo, B. Liu et al., "A novel subset of CD4+ T 2 memory/effector cells that produce inflammatory IL-17 cytokine and promote the exacerbation of chronic allergic asthma, " Journal of Experimental Medicine, vol. 207, no. 11, pp. 2479-2491, 2010.
49. L. Cosmi, L. Maggi, V. Santarlasci et al., "Identification of a novel subset of human circulating memory CD4+ T cells that produce both IL-17A and IL-4, "The Journal of Allergy&Clinical Immunology, vol. 125, no. 1, pp. 222. e4-230. e4, 2010.
50. M. Raymond, V. Q. Van, K. Wakahara, M. Rubio, and M. Sarfati, "Lung dendritic cells induceT 17 cells that produceT 2 cytokines, expressGATA-3, and promote airway inflammation, " The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol. 128, no. 1, pp. 192. e6-201. e6, 2011.
51. N. Schmitt, Y. Liu, S. Bentebibel et al., "The cytokineTGF-coopts signaling via STAT3-STAT4 to promote the differentiation of human TFH cells, "Nature Immunology, vol. 15, no. 9, pp. 856-865, 2014.
52. K. Hirota, J.-E. Turner, M. Villa et al., "Plasticity of T 17 cells in Peyer's patches is responsible for the induction of T celldependent IgA responses, " Nature Immunology, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 372-379, 2013.
53. W. Zou and N. P. Restifo, "T 17 cells in tumour immunity and immunotherapy, "Nature Reviews Immunology, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 248-256, 2010.
54. I. Kryczek, M. Banerjee, P. Cheng et al., "Phenotype, distribution, generation, and functional and clinical relevance of Th17 cells in the human tumor environments, " Blood, vol. 114, no. 6, pp. 1141-1149, 2009.
55. X. Su, J. Ye, E. C. Hsueh, Y. Zhang, D. F. Hoft, and G. Peng, "Tumor microenvironments direct the recruitment and expansion of humanTh17 cells, " Journal of Immunology, vol. 184, no. 3, pp. 1630-1641, 2010.
56. D. Chen, R. Jiang, C. Mao et al., "Chemokine/chemokine receptor interactions contribute to the accumulation of Th17 cells in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, " Human Immunology, vol. 73, no. 11, pp. 1068-1072, 2012.
57. J. Li, H.-Y. Mo, G. Xiong et al., "Tumor microenvironment macrophage inhibitory factor directs the accumulation of interleukin-17-producing tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and predicts favorable survival in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients, " The Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 287, no. 42, pp. 35484-35495, 2012.
58. Q. Yu, X. M. Lou, and Y. He, "Preferential recruitment ofTh17 cells to cervical cancer via CCR6-CCL20 pathway, " PLoS ONE, vol. 10, no. 3, Article ID e0120855, 2015.
59. M. L. Ortiz, V. Kumar, A. Martner et al., "Immature myeloid cells directly contribute to skin tumor development by recruiting IL-17-producing CD4+ T cells, " Journal of Experimental Medicine, vol. 212, no. 3, pp. 351-367, 2015.
60. Y. Miyahara, K. Odunsi, W. Chen, G. Peng, J. Matsuzaki, and R.-F. Wang, "Generation and regulation of human CD4+ IL-17-producing T cells in ovarian cancer, " Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 105, no. 40, pp. 15505-15510, 2008.
61. X. Qian, L. Gu, H. Ning et al., "Increased Th17 cells in the tumor microenvironment is mediated by IL-23 via tumor-secreted prostaglandin E2, " The Journal of Immunology, vol. 190, no. 11, pp. 5894-5902, 2013.
62. M. D. Sharma, D.-Y. Hou, Y. Liu et al., "Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase controls conversion of Foxp3+ Tregs to TH17-like cells in tumor-draining lymph nodes, " Blood, vol. 113, no. 24, pp. 6102-6111, 2009.
63. K. S. Sfanos, T. C. Bruno, C. H. Maris et al., "Phenotypic analysis of prostate-infiltrating lymphocytes reveals T 17 and T skewing, " Clinical Cancer Research, vol. 14, no. 11, pp. 3254-3261, 2008.
64. Z.-J. Ye, Q. Zhou, Y.-Y. Gu et al., "Generation and differentiation of IL-17-producing CD4+ T cells in malignant pleural effusion, " TheJournal of Immunology, vol. 185, no. 10, pp. 6348-6354, 2010.
65. J.-P. Zhang, J. Yan, J. Xu et al., "Increased intratumoral IL-17-producing cells correlate with poor survival in hepatocellular carcinoma patients, " Journal of Hepatology, vol. 50, no. 5, pp. 980-989, 2009.
66. M. Tosolini, A. Kirilovsky, B. Mlecnik et al., "Clinical impact of different classes of infiltrating T cytotoxic and helper cells (Th1, Th2, Treg, Th17) in patients with colorectal cancer, " Cancer Research, vol. 71, no. 4, pp. 1263-1271, 2011.
67. S. He, M. Fei, Y. Wu et al., "Distribution and clinical significance of Th17 cells in the tumor microenvironment and peripheral blood of pancreatic cancer patients, " International Journal of Molecular Sciences, vol. 12, no. 11, pp. 7424-7437, 2011.
68. E. Derhovanessian, V. Adams, K. Hähnel et al., "Pretreatment frequency of circulating IL-17+CD4+ T-cells, but not Tregs, correlates with clinical response to whole-cell vaccination in prostate cancer patients, " International Journal of Cancer, vol. 125, no. 6, pp. 1372-1379, 2009.
69. S. Punt, J. M. Langenhoff, H. Putter, G. J. Fleuren, A. Gorter, and E. S. Jordanova, "The correlations between IL-17 vs. Th17 cells and cancer patient survival: a systematic review, " OncoImmunology, vol. 4, no. 2, 2015.
70. C. M. Wilke, I. Kryczek, S. Wei et al., "Th17 cells in cancer: help or hindrance?" Carcinogenesis, vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 643-649, 2011.
71. I. Kryczek, S. Wei, W. Szeliga, L. Vatan, and W. Zou, "Endogenous IL-17 contributes to reduced tumor growth and metastasis, " Blood, vol. 114, no. 2, pp. 357-359, 2009.
72. L. Wang, T. Yi, M. Kortylewski, D. M. Pardoll, D. Zeng, and H. Yu, "IL-17 can promote tumor growth through an IL-6-Stat3 signaling pathway, " Journal of Experimental Medicine, vol. 206, no. 7, pp. 1457-1464, 2009.
73. D. He, H. Li, N. Yusuf et al., "IL-17promotes tumordevelopment through the induction of tumor promoting microenvironments at tumor sites and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, " Journal of Immunology, vol. 184, no. 5, pp. 2281-2288, 2010.
74. F. Benchetrit, A. Ciree, V. Vives et al., "Interleukin-17 inhibits tumor cell growth bymeans of a T-cell-dependent mechanism, " Blood, vol. 99, no. 6, pp. 2114-2121, 2002.
75. N. Hirahara, Y. Nio, S. Sasaki et al., "Inoculation of human interleukin-17 gene-transfected Meth-A fibrosarcoma cells induces T cell-dependent tumor-specific immunity in mice, " Oncology, vol. 61, no. 1, pp. 79-89, 2001.
76. M. Numasaki, J.-I. Fukushi, M. Ono et al., "Interleukin-17 promotes angiogenesis and tumor growth, " Blood, vol. 101, no. 7, pp. 2620-2627, 2003.
77. M. Numasaki, M. Watanabe, T. Suzuki et al., "IL-17 enhances the net angiogenic activity and in vivo growth of human nonsmall cell lung cancer in SCID mice through promoting CXCR-2-dependent angiogenesis, " Journal of Immunology, vol. 175, no. 9, pp. 6177-6189, 2005.
78. T. Iida, M. Iwahashi, M. Katsuda et al., "Tumor-infiltrating CD4+Th17 cells produce IL-17 in tumor microenvironment and promote tumor progression in human gastric cancer, " Oncology Reports, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 1271-1277, 2011.
79. J. Liu, Y. Duan, X. Cheng et al., "IL-17 is associated with poor prognosis and promotes angiogenesis via stimulating VEGF production of cancer cells in colorectal carcinoma, " Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, vol. 407, no. 2, pp. 348-354, 2011.
80. X. Zhu, L. A. Mulcahy, R. A. A. Mohammed et al., "IL-17 expression by breast-cancer-associated macrophages: IL-17 promotes invasiveness of breast cancer cell lines, " Breast Cancer Research, vol. 10, no. 6, article R95, 2008.
81. S. H. Chang, S. G. Mirabolfathinejad, H. Katta et al., "T helper 17 cells play a critical pathogenic role in lung cancer, " Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 111, no. 15, pp. 5664-5669, 2014.
82. Z. Tong, X. O. Yang, H. Yan et al., "A protective role by interleukin-17F in colon tumorigenesis, " PLoS ONE, vol. 7, no. 4, Article ID e34959, 2012.
83. K. Castermans, S. P. Tabruyn, R. Zeng et al., "Angiostatic activity of the antitumor cytokine interleukin-21, " Blood, vol. 112, no. 13, pp. 4940-4947, 2008.
84. S. Punt, G. J. Fleuren, E. Kritikou et al., "Angels and demons: Th17 cells represent a beneficial response, while neutrophil IL-17 is associated with poor prognosis in squamous cervical cancer, " OncoImmunology, vol. 4, no. 1, Article ID e984539, 2015.
85. Z. Yang, B. Zhang, D. Li et al., "Mast cells mobilize myeloidderived suppressor cells and Treg cells in tumor microenvironment via IL-17 pathway in murine hepatocarcinoma model, " PLoS ONE, vol. 5, no. 1, Article ID e8922, 2010.
86. J. Ye, X. Su, E. C. Hsueh et al., "Human tumor-infiltrating Th17 cells have the capacity to differentiate into IFN-+ and FOXP3+ T cells with potent suppressive function, " European Journal of Immunology, vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 936-951, 2011.
87. R. Du, H. Zhao, F. Yan, and H. Li, "IL-17+Foxp3+ T cells: an intermediate differentiation stage between Th17 cells and regulatory T cells, " Journal of Leukocyte Biology, vol. 96, no. 1, pp. 39-48, 2014.
88. I. Kryczek, K. Wu, E. Zhao et al., "IL-17+ regulatory T Cells in the microenvironments of chronic inflammation and cancer, " Journal of Immunology, vol. 186, no. 7, pp. 4388-4395, 2011.
89. C. Ma and X. Dong, "Colorectal cancer-derived Foxp3+IL-17+ T cells suppress tumour-specific CD8+ T cells, " Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, vol. 74, no. 1, pp. 47-51, 2011.
90. S. Yang, B. Wang, C. Guan et al., "Foxp3+IL-17+ T cells promote development of cancer-initiating cells in colorectal cancer, " Journal of Leukocyte Biology, vol. 89, no. 1, pp. 85-91, 2011.
91. C. Huang and Z.-X. Fu, "Localization of IL-17+Foxp3+ T cells in esophageal cancer, " Immunological Investigations, vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 400-412, 2011.
92. B. Baban, P. R. Chandler, M. D. Sharma et al., "IDO activates regulatory T cells and blocks their conversion into Th17-like T cells, " The Journal of Immunology, vol. 183, no. 4, pp. 2475-2483, 2009.
93. K. M. Dwyer, S. Deaglio, W. Gao, D. Friedman, T. B. Strom, and S. C. Robson, "CD39 and control of cellular immune responses, " Purinergic Signalling, vol. 3, no. 1-2, pp. 171-180, 2007.
94. S. Deaglio, K. M. Dwyer, W. Gao et al., "Adenosine generation catalyzed by CD39 and CD73 expressed on regulatory T cells mediates immune suppression, " The Journal of Experimental Medicine, vol. 204, no. 6, pp. 1257-1265, 2007.
95. F. Chalmin, G. Mignot, M. Bruchard et al., "Stat3 and Gfi-1 transcription factors control Th17 cell immunosuppressive activity via the regulation of ectonucleotidase expression, " Immunity, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 362-373, 2012.
96. S. Nuñez, J. J. Saez, D. Fernandez et al., "T helper type 17 cells contribute to anti-tumour immunity and promote the recruitment of T helper type 1 cells to the tumour, " Immunology, vol. 139, no. 1, pp. 61-71, 2013.
97. P. Muranski, A. Boni, P. A. Antony et al., "Tumor-specific Th17-polarized cells eradicate large established melanoma, " Blood, vol. 112, no. 2, pp. 362-373, 2008.
98. P. Muranski, Z. A. Borman, S. P. Kerkar et al., "Th17 cells are long lived and retain a stemcell-like molecular signature, " Immunity, vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 972-985, 2011.
99. L. Guery, J. Dubrot, C. Lippens et al., "Ag-presenting CpGactivated pDCs prime Th17 cells that induce tumor regression, " Cancer Research, vol. 74, no. 22, pp. 6430-6440, 2014.
100. A. Hamä, P. Pignon, I. Raimbaud et al., "Human T 17 immune cells specific for the tumor antigenMAGE-A3 convert toIFN-secreting cells as they differentiate into effector T cells in vivo, " Cancer Research, vol. 72, no. 5, pp. 1059-1063, 2012.
101. J. Bekisz, S. Baron, C. Balinsky, A. Morrow, and K. C. Zoon, "Antiproliferative properties of type I and type II interferon, " Pharmaceuticals, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 994-1015, 2010.
102. H. Ikeda, L. J. Old, and R. D. Schreiber, "The roles of IFN in protection against tumor development and cancer immunoediting, " Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 95-109, 2002.
103. Y. Ma, G. V. Shurin, Z. Peiyuan, and M. R. Shurin, "Dendritic cells in the cancer microenvironment, " Journal of Cancer, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 36-44, 2013.
104. M. R. Shurin, G. V. Shurin, A. Lokshin et al., "Intratumoral cytokines/chemokines/growth factors and tumor infiltrating dendritic cells: friends or enemies" Cancer and Metastasis Reviews, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 333-356, 2006.
105. S. Tugues, S. H. Burkhard, I. Ohs et al., "New insights into IL-12-mediated tumor suppression, " Cell Death and Differentiation, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 237-246, 2014.
106. S. F. Ngiow, M. W. L. Teng, and M. J. Smyth, "A balance of interleukin-12 and-23 in cancer, " Trends in Immunology, vol. 34, no. 11, pp. 548-555, 2013.
107. D. Padua and J. Massagué, "Roles of TGF in metastasis, " Cell Research, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 89-102, 2009.
108. Y. Zhao, E. Moon, C. Carpenito et al., "Multiple injections of electroporated autologous T cells expressing a chimeric antigen receptor mediate regression of human disseminated tumor, " Cancer Research, vol. 70, no. 22, pp. 9053-9061, 2010.
109. M. Kalos, B. L. Levine, D. L. Porter et al., "T cells with chimeric antigen receptors have potent antitumor effects and can establish memory in patients with advanced leukemia, " Science Translational Medicine, vol. 3, no. 95, Article ID95ra73, 2011.
110. M. H. Kershaw, J. A. Westwood, and P. K. Darcy, "Geneengineered T cells for cancer therapy, " Nature Reviews Cancer, vol. 13, no. 8, pp. 525-541, 2013.
111. S. Guedan, X. Chen, A. Madar et al., "ICOS-based chimeric antigen receptors program bipolar TH17/TH1 cells, " Blood, vol. 124, no. 7, pp. 1070-1080, 2014.