Adult neurogenesis and mental illness

Neuropsychopharmacology

Volumn 40, Issue 1, 2015, Pages 113-128

  Schoenfeld, Timothy J ^a   Cameron, Heather A ^a  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ANIMAL; GENETICS; GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND AGING; HIPPOCAMPUS; HUMAN; MENTAL DISORDERS; NERVE CELL; NERVE CELL PLASTICITY; NERVOUS SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT; PATHOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY;

ADULT; ANIMALS; HIPPOCAMPUS; HUMANS; MENTAL DISORDERS; NEUROGENESIS; NEURONAL PLASTICITY; NEURONS;

EID: 84926614206     PISSN: 0893133X     EISSN: 1740634X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/npp.2014.230     Document Type: Review

References (289)

1. Abe H, Hidaka N, Kawagoe C, Odagiri K, Watanabe Y, Ikeda T et al (2007). Prenatal psychological stress causes higher emotionality, depression-like behavior, and elevated activity in the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. Neurosci Res 59: 145-151.
2. Agid O, Shapira B, Zislin J, Ritsner M, Hanin B, Murad H et al (1999). Environment and vulnerability to major psychiatric illness: a case control study of early parental loss in major depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 4: 163-172.
3. Aimone JB, Deng W, Gage FH (2014). Adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus. In: Derdikman D, Knierim JJ (eds). Space, time and memory in the hippocampal formation. Springer: Vienna, pp 409-429.
4. Airan RD, Meltzer LA, Roy M, Gong Y, Chen H, Deisseroth K (2007). High-speed imaging reveals neurophysiological links to behavior in an animal model of depression. Science (New York, NY) 317: 819-823.
5. Aisa B, Elizalde N, Tordera R, Lasheras B, Del Río J, Ramírez MJ (2009). Effects of neonatal stress on markers of synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus: implications for spatial memory. Hippocampus 19: 1222-1231.
6. Alonso G (2000). Prolonged corticosterone treatment of adult rats inhibits the proliferation of oligodendrocyte progenitors present throughout white and gray matter regions of the brain. Glia 31: 219-231.
7. Anisman H, Zacharko RM (1982). Depression - the predisposing influence of stress. Behav Brain Sci 5: 89-99.
8. Antonova E, Sharma T, Morris R, Kumari V (2004). The relationship between brain structure and neurocognition in schizophrenia: a selective review. Schizophr Res 70: 117-145.
9. Austin CP, Ky B, Ma L, Morris JA, Shughrue PJ (2004). Expression of Disrupted-In-Schizophrenia-1, a schizophrenia-associated gene, is prominent in the mouse hippocampus throughout brain development. Neuroscience 124: 3-10.
10. 2 receptor agonist AM1241 enhances neurogenesis in GFAP/Gp120 transgenic mice displaying deficits in neurogenesis. Br J Pharmacol 171: 468-479.
11. Bahi A (2013). Increased anxiety, voluntary alcohol consumption and ethanolinduced place preference in mice following chronic psychosocial stress. Stress (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 16: 441-451.
12. Bai F, Bergeron M, Nelson DL (2003). Chronic AMPA receptor potentiator (LY451646) treatment increases cell proliferation in adult rat hippocampus. Neuropharmacology 44: 1013-1021.
13. Baldini S, Restani L, Baroncelli L, Coltelli M, Franco R, Cenni MC et al (2013). Enriched early life experiences reduce adult anxiety-like behavior in rats: a role for insulin-like growth factor 1. J Neurosci 33: 11715-11723.
14. Banasr M, Soumier A, Hery M, Mocaër E, Daszuta A (2006). Agomelatine, a new antidepressant, induces regional changes in hippocampal neurogenesis. Biol Psychiatry 59: 1087-1096.
15. Banasr M, Valentine GW, Li X-Y, Gourley SL, Taylor JR, Duman RS (2007). Chronic unpredictable stress decreases cell proliferation in the cerebral cortex of the adult rat. Biol Psychiatry 62: 496-504.
16. Bannerman DM, Sprengel R, Sanderson DJ, McHugh SB, Rawlins JNP, Monyer H et al (2014). Hippocampal synaptic plasticity, spatial memory and anxiety. Nat Rev Neurosci 15: 1-13.
17. Beebe LH, Tian L, Morris N, Goodwin A, Allen SS, Kuldau J (2005). Effects of exercise on mental and physical health parameters of persons with schizophrenia. Issues Ment Health Nurs 26: 661-676.
18. Belarbi K, Arellano C, Ferguson R, Jopson T, Rosi S (2012). Chronic neuroinflammation impacts the recruitment of adult-born neurons into behaviorally relevant hippocampal networks. Brain Behav Immun 26: 18-23.
19. Ben-Ami Bartal I, Decety J, Mason P (2011). Empathy and pro-social behavior in rats. Science (New York, NY) 334: 1427-1430.
20. Benaroya-Milshtein N, Hollander N, Apter A, Kukulansky T, Raz N, Wilf A et al (2004). Environmental enrichment in mice decreases anxiety, attenuates stress responses and enhances natural killer cell activity. Eur J Neurosci 20: 1341-1347.
21. Bengzon J, Kokaia Z, Elmér E, Nanobashvili A, Kokaia M, Lindvall O (1997). Apoptosis and proliferation of dentate gyrus neurons after single and intermittent limbic seizures. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94: 10432-10437.
22. Bergami M, Rimondini R, Santi S, Blum R, Götz M, Canossa M (2008). Deletion of TrkB in adult progenitors alters newborn neuron integration into hippocampal circuits and increases anxiety-like behavior. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105: 15570-15575.
23. Bernier PJ, Bédard A, Vinet J, Lévesque M, Parent A (2002). Newly generated neurons in the amygdala and adjoining cortex of adult primates. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99: 11464-11469.
24. Bessa JM, Ferreira D, Melo I, Marques F, Cerqueira JJ, Palha JA et al (2009). The mood-improving actions of antidepressants do not depend on neurogenesis but are associated with neuronal remodeling. Mol Psychiatry 14: 764-773. 739.
25. Blumenthal JA, Babyak MA, Moore KA, Craighead WE, Herman S, Khatri P et al (1999). Effects of exercise training on older patients with major depression. Arch Intern Med 159: 2349-2356.
26. Blumenthal JA, Williams RS, Needels TL, Wallace AG (1982). Psychological changes accompany aerobic exercise in healthy middle-aged adults. Psychosom Med 44: 529-536.
27. Bodnoff SR, Suranyi-Cadotte B, Aitken DH, Quirion R, Meaney MJ (1988). The effects of chronic antidepressant treatment in an animal model of anxiety. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 95: 298-302.
28. Boehme F, Gil-Mohapel J, Cox A, Patten A, Giles E, Brocardo PS et al (2011). Voluntary exercise induces adult hippocampal neurogenesis and BDNF expression in a rodent model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Eur J Neurosci 33: 1799-1811.
29. Boldrini M, Hen R, Underwood MD, Rosoklija GB, Dwork AJ, Mann JJ et al (2012). Hippocampal angiogenesis and progenitor cell proliferation are increased with antidepressant use in major depression. Biol Psychiatry 72: 562-571.
30. Boldrini M, Underwood M, Hen R, Rosoklija G, Dwork A, John Mann J et al (2009). Antidepressants increase neural progenitor cells in the human hippocampus. Neuropsychopharmacology 34: 2376-2389.
31. Borrell J, Vela JM, Arévalo-Martin A, Molina-Holgado E, Guaza C (2002). Prenatal immune challenge disrupts sensorimotor gating in adult rats. Implications for the etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology 26: 204-215.
32. Braff DL, Geyer MA, Swerdlow NR (2001). Human studies of prepulse inhibition of startle: normal subjects, patient groups, and pharmacological studies. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 156: 234-258.
33. Braida D, Limonta V, Malabarba L, Zani A, Sala M (2007). 5-HT1A receptors are involved in the anxiolytic effect of Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol and AM 404, the anandamide transport inhibitor, in Sprague-Dawley rats. Eur J Pharmacol 555: 156-163.
34. Brown AS, Hooton J, Schaefer CA, Zhang H, Petkova E, Babulas V et al (2004). Elevated maternal interleukin-8 levels and risk of schizophrenia in adult offspring. Am J Psychiatry 161: 889-895.
35. Brown AS, van Os J, Driessens C, Hoek HW, Susser ES (2000). Further evidence of relation between prenatal famine and major affective disorder. Am J Psychiatry 157: 190-195.
36. Browne CA, Lucki I (2013). Antidepressant effects of ketamine: mechanisms underlying fast-acting novel antidepressants. Front Pharmacol 4: 161.
37. Brzózka MM, Fischer A, Falkai P, Havemann-Reinecke U (2011). Acute treatment with cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN55212.2 improves prepulse inhibition in psychosocially stressed mice. Behav Brain Res 218: 280-287.
38. Cameron HA, Dayer AG (2008). New interneurons in the adult neocortex: small, sparse, but significant? Biol Psychiatry 63: 650-655.
39. Cameron HA, Woolley CS, Gould E (1993). Adrenal steroid receptor immunoreactivity in cells born in the adult rat dentate gyrus. Brain Res 611: 342-346.
40. Campbell S, Marriott M, Nahmias C, MacQueen GM (2004). Lower hippocampal volume in patients suffering from depression: a meta-analysis. Am J Psychiatry 161: 598-607.
41. Campos AC, Ortega Z, Palazuelos J, Fogaça MV, Aguiar DC, Díaz-Alonso J et al (2013). The anxiolytic effect of cannabidiol on chronically stressed mice depends on hippocampal neurogenesis: involvement of the endocannabinoid system. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 16: 1407-1419.
42. Chapman DP, Whitfield CL, Felitti VJ, Dube SR, Edwards VJ, Anda RF (2004). Adverse childhood experiences and the risk of depressive disorders in adulthood. J Affect Disord 82: 217-225.
43. Chen G, Rajkowska G, Du F, Seraji-Bozorgzad N, Manji HK (2000). Enhancement of hippocampal neurogenesis by lithium. J Neurochem 75: 1729-1734.
44. Chen J, Wang Z, Li M (2011). Multiple 'hits' during postnatal and early adulthood periods disrupt the normal development of sensorimotor gating ability in rats. J Psychopharmacol (Oxford) 25: 379-392.
45. Couillard-Despres S, Aigner L (2011). In vivo imaging of adult neurogenesis. Eur J Neurosci 33: 1037-1044.
46. Crews ST (1998). Control of cell lineage-specific development and transcription by bHLH-PAS proteins. Genes Dev 12: 607-620.
47. Czéh B, Müller-Keuker JIH, Rygula R, Abumaria N, Hiemke C, Domenici E et al (2007). Chronic social stress inhibits cell proliferation in the adult medial prefrontal cortex: hemispheric asymmetry and reversal by fluoxetine treatment. Neuropsychopharmacology 32: 1490-1503.
48. Dagyte G, Van der Zee EA, Postema F, Luiten PGM, Boer Den JA, Trentani A et al (2009). Chronic but not acute foot-shock stress leads to temporary suppression of cell proliferation in rat hippocampus. Neuroscience 162: 904-913.
49. David DJ, Samuels BA, Rainer Q, Wang J-W, Marsteller D, Mendez I et al (2009). Neurogenesis-dependent and -independent effects of fluoxetine in an animal model of anxiety/depression. Neuron 62: 479-493.
50. Davidson LM, Baum A (1986). Chronic stress and posttraumatic stress disorders. J Consult Clin Psychol 54: 303-308.
51. Dayer AG, Cleaver KM, Abouantoun T, Cameron HA (2005). New GABAergic interneurons in the adult neocortex and striatum are generated from different precursors. J Cell Biol 168: 415-427.
52. Deacon RMJ, Bannerman DM, Rawlins JNP (2002). Anxiolytic effects of cytotoxic hippocampal lesions in rats. Behav Neurosci 116: 494-497.
53. Dekeyne A, Mannoury la Cour C, Gobert A, Brocco M, Lejeune F, Serres F et al (2008). S32006, a novel 5-HT2C receptor antagonist displaying broad-based antidepressant and anxiolytic properties in rodent models. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 199: 549-568.
54. Denny CA, Burghardt NS, Schachter DM, Hen R, Drew MR (2012). 4- to 6-weekold adult-born hippocampal neurons influence novelty-evoked exploration and contextual fear conditioning. Hippocampus 22: 1188-1201.
55. Der-Avakian A, Markou A (2012). The neurobiology of anhedonia and other rewardrelated deficits. Trends Neurosci 35: 68-77.
56. DiLorenzo TM, Bargman EP, Stucky-Ropp R, Brassington GS, Frensch PA, LaFontaine T (1999). Long-term effects of aerobic exercise on psychological outcomes. Prev Med 28: 75-85.
57. Donaldson ZR, Hen R (2014). From psychiatric disorders to animal models: a bidirectional and dimensional approach. Biol Psychiatry (doi:10.1016/j.biopsych. 2014.02.004; e-pub ahead of print).
58. Dowlati Y, Herrmann N, Swardfager W, Liu H, Sham L, Reim EK et al (2010). A meta-analysis of cytokines in major depression. Biol Psychiatry 67: 446-457.
59. Duan X, Chang JH, Ge S, Faulkner RL, Kim JY, Kitabatake Y et al (2007). Disrupted-In-Schizophrenia 1 regulates integration of newly generated neurons in the adult brain. Cell 130: 1146-1158.
60. Dulawa SC, Holick KA, Gundersen B, Hen R (2004). Effects of chronic fluoxetine in animal models of anxiety and depression. Neuropsychopharmacology 29: 1321-1330.
61. Duman CH, Schlesinger L, Russell DS, Duman RS (2008). Voluntary exercise produces antidepressant and anxiolytic behavioral effects in mice. Brain Res 1199: 148-158.
62. Duman RS, Heninger GR, Nestler EJ (1997). A molecular and cellular theory of depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 54: 597-606.
63. Duman RS, Malberg J, Thome J (1999). Neural plasticity to stress and antidepressant treatment. Biol Psychiatry 46: 1181-1191.
64. Dupret D, Montaron M-F, Drapeau E, Aurousseau C, Le Moal M, Piazza P-V et al (2005). Methylazoxymethanol acetate does not fully block cell genesis in the young and aged dentate gyrus. Eur J Neurosci 22: 778-783.
65. Eisch AJ (2002). Adult neurogenesis: implications for psychiatry. Prog Brain Res 138: 315-342.
66. Ekdahl CT, Claasen J-H, Bonde S, Kokaia Z, Lindvall O (2003). Inflammation is detrimental for neurogenesis in adult brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100: 13632-13637.
67. Ellenbroek BA, van den Kroonenberg PT, Cools AR (1998). The effects of an early stressful life event on sensorimotor gating in adult rats. Schizophr Res 30: 251-260.
68. Enayati M, Solati J, Hosseini M-H, Shahi H-R, Saki G, Salari A-A (2012). Maternal infection during late pregnancy increases anxiety- and depression-like behaviors with increasing age in male offspring. Brain Res Bull 87: 295-302.
69. Eriksson PS, Perfilieva E, Björk-Eriksson T, Alborn AM, Nordborg C, Peterson DA et al (1998). Neurogenesis in the adult human hippocampus. Nat Med 4: 1313-1317.
70. Espósito MS, Piatti VC, Laplagne DA, Morgenstern NA, Ferrari CC, Pitossi FJ et al (2005). Neuronal differentiation in the adult hippocampus recapitulates embryonic development. J Neurosci 25: 10074-10086.
71. Fabre LF, McLendon D (1981). The efficacy and safety of nabilone (a synthetic cannabinoid) in the treatment of anxiety. J Clin Pharmacol 21: 377S-382S.
72. Fahey B, Hickey B, Kelleher D, O'Dwyer A-M, O'Mara SM (2007). The widely-used anti-viral drug interferon-alpha induces depressive- and anxiogenic-like effects in healthy rats. Behav Brain Res 182: 80-87.
73. Fan X, Pristach C, Liu EY, Freudenreich O, Henderson DC, Goff DC (2007). Elevated serum levels of C-reactive protein are associated with more severe psychopathology in a subgroup of patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 149: 267-271.
74. Ferragud A, Haro A, Sylvain A, Velázquez-Sánchez C, Hernández-Rabaza V, Canales JJ (2010). Enhanced habit-based learning and decreased neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus in a murine model of chronic social stress. Behav Brain Res 210: 134-139.
75. Ferrarelli F, Peterson MJ, Sarasso S, Riedner BA, Murphy MJ, Benca RM et al (2010). Thalamic dysfunction in schizophrenia suggested by whole-night deficits in slow and fast spindles. Am J Psychiatry 167: 1339-1348.
76. Féron F, Perry C, Hirning MH, McGrath J, Mackay-Sim A (1999). Altered adhesion, proliferation and death in neural cultures from adults with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 40: 211-218.
77. Fortier M-E, Luheshi GN, Boksa P (2007). Effects of prenatal infection on prepulse inhibition in the rat depend on the nature of the infectious agent and the stage of pregnancy. Behav Brain Res 181: 270-277.
78. Fride E, Weinstock M (1988). Prenatal stress increases anxiety related behavior and alters cerebral lateralization of dopamine activity. Life Sci 42: 1059-1065.
79. Friske JE, Gammie SC (2005). Environmental enrichment alters plus maze, but not maternal defense performance in mice. Physiol Behav 85: 187-194.
80. Ge S, Yang C-H, Hsu K-S, Ming G-L, Song H (2007). A critical period for enhanced synaptic plasticity in newly generated neurons of the adult brain. Neuron 54: 559-566.
81. Gerlach JL, McEwen BS (1972). Rat brain binds adrenal steroid hormone: radioautography of hippocampus with corticosterone. Science (New York, NY) 175: 1133-1136.
82. Geuze E, Vermetten E, Bremner JD (2005). MR-based in vivo hippocampal volumetrics: 2. Findings in neuropsychiatric disorders. Mol Psychiatry 10: 160-184.
83. Gilabert-Juan J, Belles M, Saez AR, Carceller H, Zamarbide-Fores S, Moltó MD et al (2013). A 'double hit' murine model for schizophrenia shows alterations in the structure and neurochemistry of the medial prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus. Neurobiol Dis 59: 126-140.
84. Gold PW, Goodwin FK, Chrousos GP (1988). Clinical and biochemical manifestations of depression. Relation to the neurobiology of stress (2). N Engl J Med 319: 413-420.
85. Golub Y, Kaltwasser SF, Mauch CP, Herrmann L, Schmidt U, Holsboer F et al (2011). Reduced hippocampus volume in the mouse model of posttraumatic stress disorder. J Psychiatric Res 45: 650-659.
86. Goshen I, Kreisel T, Ben-Menachem-Zidon O, Licht T, Weidenfeld J, Ben-Hur T et al (2007). Brain interleukin-1 mediates chronic stress-induced depression in mice via adrenocortical activation and hippocampal neurogenesis suppression. Mol Psychiatry 13: 717-728.
87. Gould E, Reeves AJ, Fallah M, Tanapat P, Gross CG, Fuchs E (1999a). Hippocampal neurogenesis in adult Old World primates. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96: 5263-5267.
88. Gould E, Reeves AJ, Graziano MS, Gross CG (1999b). Neurogenesis in the neocortex of adult primates. Science (New York, NY) 286: 548-552.
89. Gould E, Vail N, Wagers M, Gross CG (2001). Adult-generated hippocampal and neocortical neurons in macaques have a transient existence. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98: 10910-10917.
90. Grant JE, Odlaug BL, Chamberlain SR, Kim SW (2011). Dronabinol, a cannabinoid agonist, reduces hair pulling in trichotillomania: a pilot study. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 218: 493-502.
91. Grassi Zucconi G, Cipriani S, Balgkouranidou I, Scattoni R (2006). "One night" sleep deprivation stimulates hippocampal neurogenesis. Brain Res Bull 69: 375-381.
92. Green W, Patil P, Marsden CA, Bennett GW, Wigmore PM (2006). Treatment with olanzapine increases cell proliferation in the subventricular zone and prefrontal cortex. Brain Res 1070: 242-245.
93. Groves JO, Leslie I, Huang G-J, Mchugh SB, Taylor A, Mott R et al (2013). Ablating adult neurogenesis in the rat has no effect on spatial processing: evidence from a novel pharmacogenetic model. PLoS Genet 9: e1003718.
94. Grønli J, Murison R, Bjorvatn B, Sørensen E, Portas CM, Ursin R (2004). Chronic mild stress affects sucrose intake and sleep in rats. Behav Brain Res 150: 139-147.
95. Gu Y, Arruda-Carvalho M, Wang J, Janoschka SR, Josselyn SA, Frankland PW et al (2012). Optical controlling reveals time-dependent roles for adult-born dentate granule cells. Nat Neurosci 15: 1700-1706.
96. Halim ND, Weickert CS, McClintock BW, Weinberger DR, Lipska BK (2004). Effects of chronic haloperidol and clozapine treatment on neurogenesis in the adult rat hippocampus. Neuropsychopharmacology 29: 1063-1069.
97. Hava G, Vered L, Yael M, Mordechai H, Mahoud H (2006). Alterations in behavior in adult offspring mice following maternal inflammation during pregnancy. Dev Psychobiol 48: 162-168.
98. Hemmingsson E (2014). A new model of the role of psychological and emotional distress in promoting obesity: conceptual review with implications for treatment and prevention. Obes Rev 15: 769-779.
99. Herring MP, Jacob ML, Suveg C, O'Connor PJ (2011). Effects of short-term exercise training on signs and symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. Mental Health Physical Activity 4: 71-77.
100. Hirschfeld RMA (2001). The comorbidity of major depression and anxiety disorders: recognition and management in primary care. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry 3: 244-254.
101. Holick KA, Lee DC, Hen R, Dulawa SC (2008). Behavioral effects of chronic fluoxetine in BALB/cJ mice do not require adult hippocampal neurogenesis or the serotonin 1A receptor. Neuropsychopharmacology 33: 406-417.
102. Holowka DW, King S, Saheb D, Pukall M, Brunet A (2003). Childhood abuse and dissociative symptoms in adult schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 60: 87-90.
103. Holzer CE, Shea BM, Swanson JW, Leaf PJ, Myers JK, George L et al (1986). The increased risk for specific psychiatric disorders among persons of low socioeconomic status. Am J Social Psychiatry 6: 259-271.
104. Huot RL, Thrivikraman KV, Meaney MJ, Plotsky PM (2001). Development of adult ethanol preference and anxiety as a consequence of neonatal maternal separation in Long Evans rats and reversal with antidepressant treatment. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 158: 366-373.
105. Hyman SE (2014). Revitalizing psychiatric therapeutics. Neuropsychopharmacology 39: 220-229.
106. Ishihama T, Ago Y, Shintani N, Hashimoto H, Baba A, Takuma K et al (2010). Environmental factors during early developmental period influence psychobehavioral abnormalities in adult PACAP-deficient mice. Behav Brain Res 209: 274-280.
107. Ishikawa J, Ogawa Y, Owada Y, Ishikawa A (2014). Hyperlocomotor activity and stress vulnerability during adulthood induced by social isolation after early weaning are prevented by voluntary running exercise before normal weaning period. Behav Brain Res 264: 197-206.
108. Iwata Y, Suzuki K, Wakuda T, Seki N, Thanseem I, Matsuzaki H et al (2008). Irradiation in adulthood as a new model of schizophrenia. PLoS One 3: e2283.
109. Jaako-Movits K, Zharkovsky T, Pedersen M, Zharkovsky A (2006). Decreased hippocampal neurogenesis following olfactory bulbectomy is reversed by repeated citalopram administration. Cell Mol Neurobiol 26: 1559-1570.
110. Jacobs BL, van Praag H, Gage FH (2000). Adult brain neurogenesis and psychiatry: a novel theory of depression. Mol Psychiatry 5: 262-269.
111. Jacobson-Pick S, Richter-Levin G (2010). Differential impact of juvenile stress and corticosterone in juvenility and in adulthood, in male and female rats. Behav Brain Res 214: 268-276.
112. Jaholkowski P, Kiryk A, Jedynak P, Ben Abdallah NM, Knapska E, Kowalczyk A et al (2009). New hippocampal neurons are not obligatory for memory formation; cyclin D2 knockout mice with no adult brain neurogenesis show learning. Learn Mem 16: 439-451.
113. Jakubcakova V, Flachskamm C, Landgraf R, Kimura M (2012). Sleep phenotyping in a mouse model of extreme trait anxiety. PLoS One 7: e40625.
114. Jankord R, Herman JP (2008). Limbic regulation of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical function during acute and chronic stress. Ann NY Acad Sci 1148: 64-73.
115. Jayatissa MN, Bisgaard C, Tingström A, Papp M, Wiborg O (2006). Hippocampal cytogenesis correlates to escitalopram-mediated recovery in a chronic mild stress rat model of depression. Neuropsychopharmacology 31: 2395-2404.
116. Jha S, Dong B, Sakata K (2011). Enriched environment treatment reverses depression-like behavior and restores reduced hippocampal neurogenesis and protein levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in mice lacking its expression through promoter IV. Transl Psychiatry 1: e40.
117. Jiang L, Liu C, Tong J, Mao R, Chen D, Wang H et al (2014). Fluoxetine pretreatment promotes neuronal survival and maturation after auditory fear conditioning in the rat amygdala. PLoS One 9: e89147.
118. Jiang W, Zhang Y, Xiao L, Van Cleemput J, Ji S-P, Bai G et al (2005). Cannabinoids promote embryonic and adult hippocampus neurogenesis and produce anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects. J Clin Invest 115: 3104-3116.
119. Kaae SS, Chen F, Wegener G, Madsen TM, Nyengaard JR (2012). Quantitative hippocampal structural changes following electroconvulsive seizure treatment in a rat model of depression. Synapse 66: 667-676.
120. Kahn-Greene ET, Killgore DB, Kamimori GH, Balkin TJ, Killgore WDS (2007). The effects of sleep deprivation on symptoms of psychopathology in healthy adults. Sleep Med 8: 215-221.
121. Kalisch R, Schubert M, Jacob W, Kessler MS, Hemauer R, Wigger A et al (2006). Anxiety and hippocampus volume in the rat. Neuropsychopharmacology 31: 925-932.
122. Kamnasaran D, Muir WJ, Ferguson-Smith MA, Cox DW (2003). Disruption of the neuronal PAS3 gene in a family affected with schizophrenia. J Med Genet 40: 325-332.
123. Karten YJG, Jones MA, Jeurling SI, Cameron HA (2006). GABAergic signaling in young granule cells in the adult rat and mouse dentate gyrus. Hippocampus 16: 312-320.
124. Katz RJ (1982). Animal model of depression: pharmacological sensitivity of a hedonic deficit. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 16: 965-968.
125. Kee N, Teixeira CM, Wang AH, Frankland PW (2007). Preferential incorporation of adult-generated granule cells into spatial memory networks in the dentate gyrus. Nat Neurosci 10: 355-362.
126. Keilhoff G, Becker A, Grecksch G, Bernstein H-G, Wolf G (2006). Cell proliferation is influenced by bulbectomy and normalized by imipramine treatment in a regionspecific manner. Neuropsychopharmacology 31: 1165-1176.
127. Keilhoff G, Grecksch G, Becker A (2010a). Haloperidol normalized prenatal vitamin D depletion-induced reduction of hippocampal cell proliferation in adult rats. Neurosci Lett 476: 94-98.
128. Keilhoff G, Grecksch G, Bernstein H-G, Roskoden T, Becker A (2010b). Risperidone and haloperidol promote survival of stem cells in the rat hippocampus. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 260: 151-162.
129. Kempermann G, Kuhn HG, Gage FH (1997). More hippocampal neurons in adult mice living in an enriched environment. Nature 386: 493-495.
130. Kendler KS, Neale MC, Kessler RC, Heath AC, Eaves LJ (1992). Childhood parental loss and adult psychopathology in women. A twin study perspective. Arch Gen Psychiatry 49: 109-116.
131. Keshavan MS, Reynolds CF, Miewald MJ, Montrose DM, Sweeney JA, Vasko RC et al (1998). Delta sleep deficits in schizophrenia: evidence from automated analyses of sleep data. Arch Gen Psychiatry 55: 443-448.
132. Kessler RC, Chiu WT, Demler O, Merikangas KR, Walters EE (2005). Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12-month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry 62: 617-627.
133. Kessler RC, Heeringa S, Lakoma MD, Petukhova M, Rupp AE, Schoenbaum M et al (2008). Individual and societal effects of mental disorders on earnings in the United States: results from the national comorbidity survey replication. Am J Psychiatry 165: 703-711.
134. Kessler RC, McGonagle KA, Zhao S, Nelson CB, Hughes M, Eshleman S et al (1994). Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States. Results from the National Comorbidity Survey. Arch Gen Psychiatry 51: 8-19.
135. Kessler RC, Price RH, Wortman CB (1985). Social factors in psychopathology: stress, social support, and coping processes. Annu Rev Psychology 36: 531-572.
136. Kippin TE, Kapur S, van Der Kooy D (2005). Dopamine specifically inhibits forebrain neural stem cell proliferation, suggesting a novel effect of antipsychotic drugs. J Neurosci 25: 5815-5823.
137. Kodama M, Fujioka T, Duman RS (2004). Chronic olanzapine or fluoxetine administration increases cell proliferation in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of adult rat. Biol Psychiatry 56: 570-580.
138. Koenig JI, Elmer GI, Shepard PD, Lee PR, Mayo C, Joy B et al (2005). Prenatal exposure to a repeated variable stress paradigm elicits behavioral and neuroendocrinological changes in the adult offspring: potential relevance to schizophrenia. Behav Brain Res 156: 251-261.
139. Koo JW, Park CH, Choi SH, Kim NJ, Kim H-S, Choe JC et al (2003). The postnatal environment can counteract prenatal effects on cognitive ability, cell proliferation, and synaptic protein expression. FASEB J 17: 1556-1558.
140. Lam RW (2012). Onset, time course and trajectories of improvement with antidepressants. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 22(Suppl 3): S492-S498.
141. Lamers F, van Oppen P, Comijs HC, Smit JH, Spinhoven P, van Balkom AJLM et al (2011). Comorbidity patterns of anxiety and depressive disorders in a large cohort study: the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA). J Clin Psychiatry 72: 341-348.
142. Lapmanee S, Charoenphandhu J, Charoenphandhu N (2013). Beneficial effects of fluoxetine, reboxetine, venlafaxine, and voluntary running exercise in stressed male rats with anxiety- and depression-like behaviors. Behav Brain Res 250: 316-325.
143. Lemaire V, Koehl M, Le Moal M, Abrous DN (2000). Prenatal stress produces learning deficits associated with an inhibition of neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97: 11032-11037.
144. Lepousez G, Valley MT, Lledo P-M (2013). The impact of adult neurogenesis on olfactory bulb circuits and computations. Annu Rev Physiol 75: 339-363.
145. Leslie AT, Akers KG, Krakowski AD, Stone SSD, Sakaguchi M, Arruda-Carvalho M et al (2011). Impact of early adverse experience on complexity of adult-generated neurons. Transl Psychiatry 1: e35.
146. Lin Y-L, Wang S (2014). Prenatal lipopolysaccharide exposure increases depression-like behaviors and reduces hippocampal neurogenesis in adult rats. Behav Brain Res 259: 24-34.
147. Lipska BK, Aultman JM, Verma A, Weinberger DR, Moghaddam B (2002). Neonatal damage of the ventral hippocampus impairs working memory in the rat. Neuropsychopharmacology 27: 47-54.
148. Löscher W, Rogawski MA (2012). How theories evolved concerning the mechanism of action of barbiturates. Epilepsia 53(Suppl 8): 12-25.
149. Lucassen P, Meerlo P, Naylor A, van Dam A, Dayer A, Fuchs E et al (2009). Regulation of adult neurogenesis by stress, sleep disruption, exercise and inflammation: Implications for depression and antidepressant action. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 20: 1-17.
150. Lucassen PJ, Stumpel MW, Wang Q, Aronica E (2010). Decreased numbers of progenitor cells but no response to antidepressant drugs in the hippocampus of elderly depressed patients. Neuropharmacology 58: 940-949.
151. Madsen TM, Treschow A, Bengzon J, Bolwig TG, Lindvall O, Tingström A (2000). Increased neurogenesis in a model of electroconvulsive therapy. Biol Psychiatry 47: 1043-1049.
152. Madsen TM, Yeh DD, Valentine GW, Duman RS (2005). Electroconvulsive seizure treatment increases cell proliferation in rat frontal cortex. Neuropsychopharmacology 30: 27-34.
153. Maekawa M, Takashima N, Matsumata M, Ikegami S, Kontani M, Hara Y et al (2009). Arachidonic acid drives postnatal neurogenesis and elicits a beneficial effect on prepulse inhibition, a biological trait of psychiatric illnesses. PLoS One 4: e5085.
154. Malberg JE, Eisch AJ, Nestler EJ, Duman RS (2000). Chronic antidepressant treatment increases neurogenesis in adult rat hippocampus. J Neurosci 20: 9104-9110.
155. Maniam J, Morris MJ (2010). Voluntary exercise and palatable high-fat diet both improve behavioural profile and stress responses in male rats exposed to early life stress: role of hippocampus. Psychoneuroendocrinology 35: 1553-1564.
156. Mansbach RS, Geyer MA, Braff DL (1988). Dopaminergic stimulation disrupts sensorimotor gating in the rat. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 94: 507-514.
157. Mao Y, Ge X, Frank CL, Madison JM, Koehler AN, Doud MK et al (2009). Disrupted in schizophrenia 1 regulates neuronal progenitor proliferation via modulation of GSK3beta/beta-catenin signaling. Cell 136: 1017-1031.
158. Markwardt SJ, Dieni CV, Wadiche JI, Overstreet-Wadiche L (2011). Ivy/neurogliaform interneurons coordinate activity in the neurogenic niche. Nat Neurosci 14: 1407-1409.
159. Martisova E, Solas M, Horrillo I, Ortega JE, Meana JJ, Tordera RM et al (2012). Long lasting effects of early-life stress on glutamatergic/GABAergic circuitry in the rat hippocampus. Neuropharmacology 62: 1944-1953.
160. Matos RJB, Orozco-Solís R, Lopes de Souza S, Manhães-de-Castro R, Bolaños-Jiménez F (2011). Nutrient restriction during early life reduces cell proliferation in the hippocampus at adulthood but does not impair the neuronal differentiation process of the new generated cells. Neuroscience 196: 16-24.
161. McCauley J, Kern DE, Kolodner K, Dill L, Schroeder AF, DeChant HK et al (1997). Clinical characteristics of women with a history of childhood abuse: unhealed wounds. JAMA 277: 1362-1368.
162. McEwen BS (2004). Protection and damage from acute and chronic stress: allostasis and allostatic overload and relevance to the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. Ann NY Acad Sci 1032: 1-7.
163. McEwen BS, Weiss JM, Schwartz LS (1968). Selective retention of corticosterone by limbic structures in rat brain. Nature 220: 911-912.
164. McOmish CE, Burrows E, Howard M, Scarr E, Kim D, Shin H-S et al (2008). Phospholipase C-beta1 knockout mice exhibit endophenotypes modeling schizophrenia which are rescued by environmental enrichment and clozapine administration. Mol Psychiatry 13: 661-672.
165. Meshi D, Drew MR, Saxe M, Ansorge MS, David D, Santarelli L et al (2006). Hippocampal neurogenesis is not required for behavioral effects of environmental enrichment. Nat Neurosci 9: 729-731.
166. Meyer U, Knuesel I, Nyffeler M, Feldon J (2010). Chronic clozapine treatment improves prenatal infection-induced working memory deficits without influencing adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 208: 531-543.
167. Milgram NW, Siwak-Tapp CT, Araujo J, Head E (2006). Neuroprotective effects of cognitive enrichment. Ageing Res Rev 5: 354-369.
168. Millar JK, Wilson-Annan JC, Anderson S, Christie S, Taylor MS, Semple CA et al (2000). Disruption of two novel genes by a translocation co-segregating with schizophrenia. Hum Mol Genet 9: 1415-1423.
169. Mirescu C, Peters JD, Gould E (2004). Early life experience alters response of adult neurogenesis to stress. Nat Neurosci 7: 841-846.
170. Mirescu C, Peters JD, Noiman L, Gould E (2006). Sleep deprivation inhibits adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus by elevating glucocorticoids. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103: 19170-19175.
171. Moffitt TE, Caspi A, Harrington H, Milne BJ, Melchior M, Goldberg D et al (2007). Generalized anxiety disorder and depression: childhood risk factors in a birth cohort followed to age 32. Psychol Med 37: 441-452.
172. Monje ML, Toda H, Palmer TD (2003). Inflammatory blockade restores adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Science (New York, NY) 302: 1760-1765.
173. Namba T, Ming G-L, Song H, Waga C, Enomoto A, Kaibuchi K et al (2011). NMDA receptor regulates migration of newly generated neurons in the adult hippocampus via Disrupted-In-Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1). J Neurochem 118: 34-44.
174. Nelson MD, Saykin AJ, Flashman LA, Riordan HJ (1998). Hippocampal volume reduction in schizophrenia as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging: a metaanalytic study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 55: 433-440.
175. Nguyen AD, Shenton ME, Levitt JJ (2010). Olfactory dysfunction in schizophrenia: a review of neuroanatomy and psychophysiological measurements. Harv Rev Psychiatry 18: 279-292.
176. O'Donnell P (2012). Cortical disinhibition in the neonatal ventral hippocampal lesion model of schizophrenia: new vistas on possible therapeutic approaches. Pharmacol Ther 133: 19-25.
177. Ohira K, Takeuchi R, Shoji H, Miyakawa T (2013). Fluoxetine-induced cortical adult neurogenesis. Neuropsychopharmacology 38: 909-920.
178. Okuda H, Tatsumi K, Makinodan M, Yamauchi T, Kishimoto T, Wanaka A (2009). Environmental enrichment stimulates progenitor cell proliferation in the amygdala. J Neurosci Res 87: 3546-3553.
179. Oliver PL, Sobczyk MV, Maywood ES, Edwards B, Lee S, Livieratos A et al (2012). Disrupted circadian rhythms in a mouse model of schizophrenia. Curr Biol 22: 314-319.
180. Palmer AA, Printz DJ, Butler PD, Dulawa SC, Printz MP (2004). Prenatal protein deprivation in rats induces changes in prepulse inhibition and NMDA receptor binding. Brain Res 996: 193-201.
181. Parent JM, Yu TW, Leibowitz RT, Geschwind DH, Sloviter RS, Lowenstein DH (1997). Dentate granule cell neurogenesis is increased by seizures and contributes to aberrant network reorganization in the adult rat hippocampus. J Neurosci 17: 3727-3738.
182. Patel S, Hillard CJ (2006). Pharmacological evaluation of cannabinoid receptor ligands in a mouse model of anxiety: further evidence for an anxiolytic role for endogenous cannabinoid signaling. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 318: 304-311.
183. Perera TD, Coplan JD, Lisanby SH, Lipira CM, Arif M, Carpio C et al (2007). Antidepressant-induced neurogenesis in the hippocampus of adult nonhuman primates. J Neurosci 27: 4894-4901.
184. Perera TD, Dwork AJ, Keegan KA, Thirumangalakudi L, Lipira CM, Joyce N et al (2011). Necessity of hippocampal neurogenesis for the therapeutic action of antidepressants in adult nonhuman primates. PLoS One 6: e17600.
185. Pervanidou P, Kolaitis G, Charitaki S, Margeli A, Ferentinos S, Bakoula C et al (2007). Elevated morning serum interleukin (IL)-6 or evening salivary cortisol concentrations predict posttraumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents six months after a motor vehicle accident. Psychoneuroendocrinology 32: 991-999.
186. Petrus DS, Fabel K, Kronenberg G, Winter C, Steiner B, Kempermann G (2009). NMDA and benzodiazepine receptors have synergistic and antagonistic effects on precursor cells in adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Eur J Neurosci 29: 244-252.
187. Pêgo JM, Sousa JC, Almeida OFX, Sousa N (2010). Stress and the neuroendocrinology of anxiety disorders. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2: 97-117.
188. Pham K, Nacher J, Hof PR, McEwen BS (2003). Repeated restraint stress suppresses neurogenesis and induces biphasic PSA-NCAM expression in the adult rat dentate gyrus. Eur J Neurosci 17: 879-886.
189. Phillips KG, Bartsch U, McCarthy AP, Edgar DM, Tricklebank MD, Wafford KA et al (2012). Decoupling of sleep-dependent cortical and hippocampal interactions in a neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia. Neuron 76: 526-533.
190. Piatti VC, Davies-Sala MG, Espósito MS, Mongiat LA, Trinchero MF, Schinder AF (2011). The timing for neuronal maturation in the adult hippocampus is modulated by local network activity. J Neurosci 31: 7715-7728.
191. Pickett KE, Wilkinson RG (2010). Inequality: an underacknowledged source of mental illness and distress. Br J Psychiatry 197: 426-428.
192. Pieper AA, Wu X, Han TW, Estill SJ, Dang Q, Wu LC et al (2005). The neuronal PAS domain protein 3 transcription factor controls FGF-mediated adult hippocampal neurogenesis in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102: 14052-14057.
193. Pohl J, Olmstead MC, Wynne-Edwards KE, Harkness K, Menard JL (2007). Repeated exposure to stress across the childhood-adolescent period alters rats' anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in adulthood: the importance of stressor type and gender. Behav Neurosci 121: 462-474.
194. Pollin W (1972). The pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Possible relationships between genetic, biochemical, and experiential factors. Arch Gen Psychiatry 27: 29-37.
195. Popa D, Yacoubi El M, Vaugeois J-M, Hamon M, Adrien J (2006). Homeostatic regulation of sleep in a genetic model of depression in the mouse: effects of muscarinic and 5-HT1A receptor activation. Neuropsychopharmacology 31: 1637-1646.
196. Porsolt RD, Anton G, Blavet N, Jalfre M (1978). Behavioural despair in rats: a new model sensitive to antidepressant treatments. Eur J Pharmacol 47: 379-391.
197. Rainer Q, Xia L, Guilloux J-P, Gabriel C, Mocaër E, Hen R et al (2012). Beneficial behavioural and neurogenic effects of agomelatine in a model of depression/anxiety. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 15: 321-335.
198. Raison CL, Rutherford RE, Woolwine BJ, Shuo C, Schettler P, Drake DF et al (2012). A randomized controlled trial of the tumor necrosis factor antagonist infliximab for treatment-resistant depression: the role of baseline inflammatory biomarkers. Arch Gen Psychiatry 70: 31-41.
199. Reichenberg A, Yirmiya R, Schuld A, Kraus T, Haack M, Morag A et al (2001). Cytokine-associated emotional and cognitive disturbances in humans. Arch Gen Psychiatry 58: 445-452.
200. Reif A, Fritzen S, Finger M, Strobel A, Lauer M, Schmitt A et al (2006). Neural stem cell proliferation is decreased in schizophrenia, but not in depression. Mol Psychiatry 11: 514-522.
201. Revest J-M, Dupret D, Koehl M, Funk-Reiter C, Grosjean N, Piazza P-V et al (2009). Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is involved in anxiety-related behaviors. Mol Psychiatry 14: 959-967.
202. Rohleder N, Joksimovic L, Wolf JM, Kirschbaum C (2004). Hypocortisolism and increased glucocorticoid sensitivity of pro-Inflammatory cytokine production in Bosnian war refugees with posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry 55: 745-751.
203. Romeo RD, Mueller A, Sisti HM, Ogawa S, McEwen BS, Brake WG (2003). Anxiety and fear behaviors in adult male and female C57BL/6 mice are modulated by maternal separation. Horm Behav 43: 561-567.
204. Roozendaal B, Phillips RG, Power AE, Brooke SM, Sapolsky RM, McGaugh JL (2001). Memory retrieval impairment induced by hippocampal CA3 lesions is blocked by adrenocortical suppression. Nat Neurosci 4: 1169-1171.
205. Roughton K, Kalm M, Blomgren K (2012). Sex-dependent differences in behavior and hippocampal neurogenesis after irradiation to the young mouse brain. Eur J Neurosci 36: 2763-2772.
206. Rupp CI (2010). Olfactory function and schizophrenia: an update. Curr Opin Psychiatry 23: 97-102.
207. Sachs BD, Rodriguiz RM, Siesser WB, Kenan A, Royer EL, Jacobsen JPR et al (2013). The effects of brain serotonin deficiency on behavioural disinhibition and anxiety-like behaviour following mild early life stress. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 16: 2081-2094.
208. Sahay A, Hen R (2007). Adult hippocampal neurogenesis in depression. Nat Neurosci 10: 1110-1115.
209. Sahay A, Scobie KN, Hill AS, O'Carroll CM, Kheirbek MA, Burghardt NS et al (2011). Increasing adult hippocampal neurogenesis is sufficient to improve pattern separation. Nature 472: 466-470.
210. Samuels BA, Hen R (2011a). Neurogenesis and affective disorders. Eur J Neurosci 33: 1152-1159.
211. Samuels BA, Hen R (2011b). Novelty-suppressed feeding in the mouse. In: Gould TD (ed). Mood and Anxiety Related Phenotypes in Mice Characterization Using Behavioral Tests, Volume II. Humana Press: New York, 63: 107-121.
212. Santarelli L, Saxe M, Gross C, Surget A, Battaglia F, Dulawa S et al (2003). Requirement of hippocampal neurogenesis for the behavioral effects of antidepressants. Science (New York, NY) 301: 805-809.
213. Sapolsky RM (2000). Glucocorticoids and hippocampal atrophy in neuropsychiatric disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 57: 925-935.
214. Sar V, Taycan O, Bolat N, Ozmen M, Duran A, Oztürk E et al (2010). Childhood trauma and dissociation in schizophrenia. Psychopathology 43: 33-40.
215. Saxe MD, Battaglia F, Wang J-W, Malleret G, David DJ, Monckton JE et al (2006). Ablation of hippocampal neurogenesis impairs contextual fear conditioning and synaptic plasticity in the dentate gyrus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103: 17501-17506.
216. Schablitzky S, Pause BM (2014). Sadness might isolate you in a non-smelling world: olfactory perception and depression. Front Psychol 5: 45.
217. Schaefers ATU (2013). Rearing conditions and domestication background determine regulation of hippocampal cell proliferation and survival in adulthood-laboratory CD1 and C57Bl/6 mice versus wild house mice. Neuroscience 228: 120-127.
218. Schäfer I, Fisher HL, Aderhold V, Huber B, Hoffmann-Langer L, Golks D et al (2012). Dissociative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia: relationships with childhood trauma and psychotic symptoms. Compr Psychiatry 53: 364-371.
219. Schindler F, Anghelescu I, Regen F, Jockers-Scherubl M (2008). Improvement in refractory obsessive compulsive disorder with dronabinol. Am J Psychiatry 165: 536-537.
220. Schmidt-Hieber C, Jonas P, Bischofberger J (2004). Enhanced synaptic plasticity in newly generated granule cells of the adult hippocampus. Nature 429: 184-187.
221. Schmuckermair C, Gaburro S, Sah A, Landgraf R, Sartori SB, Singewald N (2013). Behavioral and neurobiological effects of deep brain stimulation in a mouse model of high anxiety- and depression-like behavior. Neuropsychopharmacology 38: 1234-1244.
222. Schoenfeld TJ, Gould E (2012). New neurons retire early. Nat Neurosci 15: 1611-1612.
223. Schoenfeld TJ, Gould E (2013). Differential effects of stress and glucocorticoids on adult neurogenesis. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 15: 139-164.
224. Schoenfeld TJ, Rada P, Pieruzzini PR, Hsueh B, Gould E (2013). Physical exercise prevents stress-induced activation of granule neurons and enhances local inhibitory mechanisms in the dentate gyrus. J Neurosci 33: 7770-7777.
225. Schurov IL, Handford EJ, Brandon NJ, Whiting PJ (2004). Expression of disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) protein in the adult and developing mouse brain indicates its role in neurodevelopment. Mol Psychiatry 9: 1100-1110.
226. Scott BW, Wojtowicz JM, Burnham WM (2000). Neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the rat following electroconvulsive shock seizures. Exp Neurol 165: 231-236.
227. Sheline YI, Gado MH, Kraemer HC (2003). Untreated depression and hippocampal volume loss. Am J Psychiatry 160: 1516-1518.
228. Shors TJ, Miesegaes G, Beylin A, Zhao M, Rydel T, Gould E (2001). Neurogenesis in the adult is involved in the formation of trace memories. Nature 410: 372-376.
229. Silva RH, Kameda SR, Carvalho RC, Takatsu-Coleman AL, Niigaki ST, Abílio VC et al (2004). Anxiogenic effect of sleep deprivation in the elevated plus-maze test in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 176: 115-122.
230. Simpson EH, Waltz JA, Kellendonk C, Balsam PD (2012). Schizophrenia in translation: dissecting motivation in schizophrenia and rodents. Schizophr Bull 38: 1111-1117.
231. Snyder JS, Choe JS, Clifford MA, Jeurling SI, Hurley P, Brown A et al (2009a). Adultborn hippocampal neurons are more numerous, faster maturing, and more involved in behavior in rats than in mice. J Neurosci 29: 14484-14495.
232. Snyder JS, Clifford MA, Jeurling SI, Cameron HA (2012). Complementary activation of hippocampal-cortical subregions and immature neurons following chronic training in single and multiple context versions of the water maze. Behav Brain Res 227: 330-339.
233. Snyder JS, Glover LR, Sanzone KM, Kamhi JF, Cameron HA (2009b). The effects of exercise and stress on the survival and maturation of adult-generated granule cells. Hippocampus 19: 898-906.
234. Snyder JS, Hong NS, McDonald RJ, Wojtowicz JM (2005). A role for adult neurogenesis in spatial long-term memory. Neuroscience 130: 843-852.
235. Snyder JS, Radik R, Wojtowicz JM, Cameron HA (2009c). Anatomical gradients of adult neurogenesis and activity: young neurons in the ventral dentate gyrus are activated by water maze training. Hippocampus 19: 360-370.
236. Snyder JS, Soumier A, Brewer M, Pickel J, Cameron HA (2011). Adult hippocampal neurogenesis buffers stress responses and depressive behaviour. Nature 476: 458-461.
237. Soares DC, Carlyle BC, Bradshaw NJ, Porteous DJ (2011). DISC1: structure, function, and therapeutic potential for major mental illness. ACS Chem Neurosci 2: 609-632.
238. Soumier A, Banasr M, Lortet S, Masmejean F, Bernard N, Kerkerian-Le-Goff L et al (2009). Mechanisms contributing to the phase-dependent regulation of neurogenesis by the novel antidepressant, agomelatine, in the adult rat hippocampus. Neuropsychopharmacology 34: 2390-2403.
239. Southwick SM, Vythilingam M, Charney DS (2005). The psychobiology of depression and resilience to stress: implications for prevention and treatment. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 1: 255-291.
240. St Clair D, Xu M, Wang P, Yu Y, Fang Y, Zhang F et al (2005). Rates of adult schizophrenia following prenatal exposure to the Chinese famine of 1959-1961. JAMA 294: 557-562.
241. Stein AD, Pierik FH, Verrips GHW, Susser ES, Lumey LH (2009). Maternal exposure to the Dutch famine before conception and during pregnancy: quality of life and depressive symptoms in adult offspring. Epidemiology 20: 909-915.
242. Stojanovic A, Martorell L, Montalvo I, Ortega L, Monseny R, Vilella E et al (2014). Increased serum interleukin-6 levels in early stages of psychosis: associations with at-risk mental states and the severity of psychotic symptoms. Psychoneuroendocrinology 41: 23-32.
243. Stranahan AM, Khalil D, Gould E (2006). Social isolation delays the positive effects of running on adult neurogenesis. Nat Neurosci 9: 526-533.
244. Sun B, Halabisky B, Zhou Y, Palop JJ, Yu G, Mucke L et al (2009). Imbalance between GABAergic and glutamatergic transmission impairs adult neurogenesis in an animal model of Alzheimer's disease. Cell Stem Cell 5: 624-633.
245. Sun Y, Evans J, Russell B, Kydd R, Connor B (2013). A benzodiazepine impairs the neurogenic and behavioural effects of fluoxetine in a rodent model of chronic stress. Neuropharmacology 72: 20-28.
246. Surget A, Saxe M, Leman S, Ibarguen-Vargas Y, Chalon S, Griebel G et al (2008). Drug-dependent requirement of hippocampal neurogenesis in a model of depression and of antidepressant reversal. Biol Psychiatry 64: 293-301.
247. Surget A, Tanti A, Leonardo ED, Laugeray A, Rainer Q, Touma C et al (2011). Antidepressants recruit new neurons to improve stress response regulation. Mol Psychiatry 16: 1177-1188.
248. Swerdlow NR, Halim N, Hanlon FM, Platten A, Auerbach PP (2001). Lesion size and amphetamine hyperlocomotion after neonatal ventral hippocampal lesions: more is less. Brain Res Bull 55: 71-77.
249. Takao K, Kobayashi K, Hagihara H, Ohira K, Shoji H, Hattori S et al (2013). Deficiency of schnurri-2, an MHC enhancer binding protein, induces mild chronic inflammation in the brain and confers molecular, neuronal, and behavioral phenotypes related to schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology 38: 1409-1425.
250. Takemura NU (2005). Evidence for neurogenesis within the white matter beneath the temporal neocortex of the adult rat brain. Neuroscience 134: 121-132.
251. Taliaz D, Loya A, Gersner R, Haramati S, Chen A, Zangen A (2011). Resilience to chronic stress is mediated by hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor. J Neurosci 31: 4475-4483.
252. Tallman JF, Gallager DW (1985). The GABA-ergic system: a locus of benzodiazepine action. Annu Rev Neurosci 8: 21-44.
253. Tamura M, Sajo M, Kakita A, Matsuki N, Koyama R (2011). Prenatal stress inhibits neuronal maturation through downregulation of mineralocorticoid receptors. J Neurosci 31: 11505-11514.
254. Tashiro A, Makino H, Gage FH (2007). Experience-specific functional modification of the dentate gyrus through adult neurogenesis: a critical period during an immature stage. J Neurosci 27: 3252-3259.
255. Taylor DJ, Lichstein KL, Durrence HH, Reidel BW, Bush AJ (2005). Epidemiology of insomnia, depression, and anxiety. Sleep 28: 1457-1464.
256. Tkachenko O, Olson EA, Weber M, Preer LA, Gogel H, Killgore WDS (2014). Sleep difficulties are associated with increased symptoms of psychopathology. Exp Brain Res 232: 1567-1574.
257. Tozuka Y, Fukuda S, Namba T, Seki T, Hisatsune T (2005). GABAergic excitation promotes neuronal differentiation in adult hippocampal progenitor cells. Neuron 47: 803-815.
258. Tseng KY, Chambers RA, Lipska BK (2009). The neonatal ventral hippocampal lesion as a heuristic neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia. Behav Brain Res 204: 295-305.
259. Urakawa S, Takamoto K, Hori E, Sakai N, Ono T, Nishijo H (2013). Rearing in enriched environment increases parvalbumin-positive small neurons in the amygdala and decreases anxiety-like behavior of male rats. BMC Neurosci 14: 13.
260. Vallières L, Campbell IL, Gage FH, Sawchenko PE (2002). Reduced hippocampal neurogenesis in adult transgenic mice with chronic astrocytic production of interleukin-6. J Neurosci 22: 486-492.
261. van Praag H, Kempermann G, Gage FH (1999). Running increases cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the adult mouse dentate gyrus. Nat Neurosci 2: 266-270.
262. van Praag H, Schinder AF, Christie BR, Toni N, Palmer TD, Gage FH (2002). Functional neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus. Nature 415: 1030-1034.
263. Veena J, Srikumar BN, Mahati K, Bhagya V, Raju TR, Shankaranarayana Rao BS (2009a). Enriched environment restores hippocampal cell proliferation and ameliorates cognitive deficits in chronically stressed rats. J Neurosci Res 87: 831-843.
264. Veena J, Srikumar BN, Raju TR, Shankaranarayana Rao BS (2009b). Exposure to enriched environment restores the survival and differentiation of new born cells in the hippocampus and ameliorates depressive symptoms in chronically stressed rats. Neurosci Lett 455: 178-182.
265. Vythilingam M, Heim C, Newport J, Miller AH, Anderson E, Bronen R et al (2002). Childhood trauma associated with smaller hippocampal volume in women with major depression. Am J Psychiatry 159: 2072-2080.
266. Wakade CG, Mahadik SP, Waller JL, Chiu F-C (2002). Atypical neuroleptics stimulate neurogenesis in adult rat brain. J Neurosci Res 69: 72-79.
267. Walf AA, Frye CA (2007). Estradiol decreases anxiety behavior and enhances inhibitory avoidance and gestational stress produces opposite effects. Stress (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 10: 251-260.
268. Wang H-D, Dunnavant FD, Jarman T, Deutch AY (2004). Effects of antipsychotic drugs on neurogenesis in the forebrain of the adult rat. Neuropsychopharmacology 29: 1230-1238.
269. Wang J-W, David DJ, Monckton JE, Battaglia F, Hen R (2008). Chronic fluoxetine stimulates maturation and synaptic plasticity of adult-born hippocampal granule cells. J Neurosci 28: 1374-1384.
270. Watson JB, Mednick SA, Huttunen M, Wang X (1999). Prenatal teratogens and the development of adult mental illness. Dev Psychopathol 11: 457-466.
271. Wei L, Meaney MJ, Duman RS, Kaffman A (2011). Affiliative behavior requires juvenile, but not adult neurogenesis. J Neurosci 31: 14335-14345.
272. Whitfield CL, Dube SR, Felitti VJ, Anda RF (2005). Adverse childhood experiences and hallucinations. Child Abuse Negl 29: 797-810.
273. Wichers MC, Kenis G, Koek GH, Robaeys G, Nicolson NA, Maes M (2007). Interferon-alpha-induced depressive symptoms are related to changes in the cytokine network but not to cortisol. J Psychoso Res 62: 207-214.
274. Wilkin MM, Waters P, McCormick CM, Menard JL (2012). Intermittent physical stress during early- and mid-adolescence differentially alters rats' anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in adulthood. Behav Neurosci 126: 344-360.
275. Willner P, Towell A, Sampson D, Sophokleous S, Muscat R (1987). Reduction of sucrose preference by chronic unpredictable mild stress, and its restoration by a tricyclic antidepressant. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 93: 358-364.
276. Wohleb ES, Hanke ML, Corona AW, Powell ND, Stiner LM, Bailey MT et al (2011). βAdrenergic receptor antagonism prevents anxiety-like behavior and microglial reactivity induced by repeated social defeat. J Neurosci 31: 6277-6288.
277. Wolf SA, Bick-Sander A, Fabel K, Leal-Galicia P, Tauber S, Ramírez-Rodríguez G et al (2010). Cannabinoid receptor CB1 mediates baseline and activity-induced survival of new neurons in adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Cell Commun Signal 8: 12.
278. Wolf SA, Melnik A, Kempermann G (2011). Physical exercise increases adult neurogenesis and telomerase activity, and improves behavioral deficits in a mouse model of schizophrenia. Brain Behav Immun 25: 971-980.
279. Workman JL, Fonken LK, Gusfa J, Kassouf KM, Nelson RJ (2011). Post-weaning environmental enrichment alters affective responses and interacts with behavioral testing to alter nNOS immunoreactivity. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 100: 25-32.
280. Wu X, Castrén E (2009). Co-treatment with diazepam prevents the effects of fluoxetine on the proliferation and survival of hippocampal dentate granule cells. Biol Psychiatry 66: 5-8.
281. Yamaguchi M, Mori K (2005). Critical period for sensory experience-dependent survival of newly generated granule cells in the adult mouse olfactory bulb. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102: 9697-9702.
282. Yildirim E, Erol K, Ulupinar E (2012). Effects of sertraline on behavioral alterations caused by environmental enrichment and social isolation. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 101: 278-287.
283. Yuan T-F, Slotnick BM (2014). Roles of olfactory system dysfunction in depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 54C: 26-30.
284. Zhang Y, Mao R-R, Chen Z-F, Tian M, Tong D-L, Gao Z-R et al (2014). Deep-brain magnetic stimulation promotes adult hippocampal neurogenesis and alleviates stress-related behaviors in mouse models for neuropsychiatric disorders. Mol Brain 7: 11.
285. Zhao C, Teng EM, Summers RG, Ming G-L, Gage FH (2006). Distinct morphological stages of dentate granule neuron maturation in the adult mouse hippocampus. J Neurosci 26: 3-11.
286. Zhao C, Warner-Schmidt J, Duman RS, Gage FH (2012). Electroconvulsive seizure promotes spine maturation in newborn dentate granule cells in adult rat. Dev Neurobiol 72: 937-942.
287. Zhu X-H, Yan H-C, Zhang J, Qu H-D, Qiu X-S, Chen L et al (2010). Intermittent hypoxia promotes hippocampal neurogenesis and produces antidepressant-like effects in adult rats. J Neurosci 30: 12653-12663.
288. Zimmerman FJ, Katon W (2005). Socioeconomic status, depression disparities, and financial strain: what lies behind the income-depression relationship? Health Econ 14: 1197-1215.
289. Zuena AR, Mairesse J, Casolini P, Cinque C, Alemà GS, Morley-Fletcher S et al (2008). Prenatal restraint stress generates two distinct behavioral and neurochemical profiles in male and female rats. PLoS One 3: e2170.