Onset, time course and trajectories of improvement with antidepressants

European Neuropsychopharmacology

Volumn 22, Issue SUPPL3, 2012, Pages

  Lam, Raymond W ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Antidepressants; Clinical trials; Depressive disorders; Efficacy; Onset of action; Response trajectory

Indexed keywords

AGOMELATINE; ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; CITALOPRAM; DULOXETINE; ESCITALOPRAM; FLUOXETINE; IMIPRAMINE; MIRTAZAPINE; NEFAZODONE; NORTRIPTYLINE; PAROXETINE; PLACEBO; SERTRALINE; VENLAFAXINE;

ANHEDONIA; ANXIETY DISORDER; ARTICLE; COGNITIVE THERAPY; DAYTIME SOMNOLENCE; DRUG EFFICACY; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; LONG TERM CARE; MAJOR DEPRESSION; MEDLINE; META ANALYSIS (TOPIC); POLYSOMNOGRAPHY; PREDICTIVE VALUE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); REMISSION; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SIDE EFFECT; SLEEP WAKING CYCLE; SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; TREATMENT DURATION; TREATMENT RESPONSE; WEIGHT GAIN;

ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; HUMANS; PROGNOSIS; PSYCHIATRIC STATUS RATING SCALES; TIME FACTORS; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 84865854959     PISSN: 0924977X     EISSN: 18737862     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2012.07.005     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Anderson I.M., Ferrier I.N., Baldwin R.C., Cowen P.J., Howard L., Lewis G., Matthews K., McAllister-Williams R.H., Peveler R.C., Scott J., Tylee A. Evidence-based guidelines for treating depressive disorders with antidepressants: a revision of the 2000 British Association for Psychopharmacology guidelines. J. Psychopharmacol. 2008, 22:343-396.
2. Audinot V., Mailliet F., Lahaye-Brasseur C., Bonnaud A., Le Gall A., Amossé C., Dromaint S., Rodriguez M., Nagel N., Galizzi J.P., Malpaux B., Guillaumet G., Lesieur D., Lefoulon F., Renard P., Delagrange P., Boutin J.A. New selective ligands of human cloned melatonin MT1 and MT2 receptors. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. 2003, 367:553-561.
3. Baldwin D.S., Stein D.J., Dolberg O.T., Bandelow B. How long should a trial of escitalopram treatment be in patients with major depressive disorder, generalised anxiety disorder or social anxiety disorder? An exploration of the randomised controlled trial database. Hum. Psychopharmacol. 2009, 24:269-275.
4. Bauer M., Whybrow P.C., Angst J., Versiani M., Möller H.J., World Federation of Societies Biological Psychiatry Task Force on Treatment Guidelines for Unipolar Depressive Disorders World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for biological treatment of unipolar depressive disorders, Part 1: acute and continuation treatment of major depressive disorder. World J. Biol. Psychiatry 2002, 3:5-43.
5. Di Giannantonio M., Di Iorio G., Guglielmo R., De Berardis D., Conti C.M., Acciavatti T., Cornelio M., Martinotti G. Major depressive disorder, anhedonia and agomelatine: an open-label study. J. Biol. Regul. Homeost. Agents 2011, 25:109-114.
6. Dupuy J.M., Ostacher M.J., Huffman J., Perlis R.H., Nierenberg A.A. A critical review of pharmacotherapy for major depressive disorder. Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol. 2011, 14:1417-1431.
7. Farabaugh A., Sonawalla S., Johnson D.P., Witte J., Papakostas G.I., Goodness T., Clain A., Baer L., Mischoulon D., Fava M., Harley R. Early improvements in anxiety, depression, and anger/hostility symptoms and response to antidepressant treatment. Ann. Clin. Psychiatry 2010, 22:166-171.
8. Franzen P.L., Buysse D.J. Sleep disturbances and depression: risk relationships for subsequent depression and therapeutic implications. Dialogues Clin. Neurosci. 2008, 10:473-481.
9. Frazer A., Benmansour S. Delayed pharmacological effects of antidepressants. Mol. Psychiatry 2002, 7(Suppl. 1):S23-S28.
10. Gourion D. Antidepressants and their onset of action: a major clinical, methodological and pronostical issue. Encephale 2008, 34:73-81.
11. Gueorguieva R., Mallinckrodt C., Krystal J.H. Trajectories of depression severity in clinical trials of duloxetine: insights into antidepressant and placebo responses. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 2011, 68:1227-1237.
12. Gueorguieva R., Wu R., Pittman B., Cramer J., Rosenheck R.A., O'Malley S.S., Krystal J.H. New insights into the efficacy of naltrexone based on trajectory-based reanalyses of two negative clinical trials. Biol. Psychiatry 2007, 61:1290-1295.
13. Harmer C.J., Goodwin G.M., Cowen P.J. Why do antidepressants take so long to work? A cognitive neuropsychological model of antidepressant drug action. Br. J. Psychiatry 2009, 195:102-108.
14. Henkel V., Seemüller F., Obermeier M., Adli M., Bauer M., Mundt C., Brieger P., Laux G., Bender W., Heuser I., Zeiler J., Gaebel W., Mayr A., Möller H.J., Riedel M. Does early improvement triggered by antidepressants predict response/remission? Analysis of data from a naturalistic study on a large sample of inpatients with major depression. J. Affect. Disord. 2009, 115:439-449.
15. Hirschfeld R.M., Nierenberg A.A., Gorman J.M., Roose S.P., Leon A.C., Blier P., Culpepper L., Rosenbaum J.F., Stahl S.M., Trivedi M.H. Debate and discussion: do some antidepressants have a faster onset of action than others?. J. Clin. Psychiatry 2001, 62(Suppl. 4):37-40.
16. Horder J., Matthews P., Waldmann R. Placebo, prozac and PLoS: significant lessons for psychopharmacology. J. Psychopharmacol. 2011, 25:1277-1288.
17. Hunter A.M., Muthén B.O., Cook I.A., Leuchter A.F. Antidepressant response trajectories and quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) biomarkers in major depressive disorder. J. Psychiatr. Res. 2010, 44:90-98.
18. Kasper S., Hajak G., Wulff K., Hoogendijk W.J., Montejo A.L., Smeraldi E., Rybakowski J.K., Quera-Salva M.A., Wirz-Justice A.M., Picarel-Blanchot F., Baylé F.J. Efficacy of the novel antidepressant agomelatine on the circadian rest-activity cycle and depressive and anxiety symptoms in patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized, double-blind comparison with sertraline. J. Clin. Psychiatry 2010, 71:109-120.
19. Katz M.M., Bowden C.L., Frazer A. Rethinking depression and the actions of antidepressants: uncovering the links between the neural and behavioral elements. J. Affect. Disord. 2010, 120:16-23.
20. Katz M.M., Meyers A.L., Prakash A., Gaynor P.J., Houston J.P. Early symptom change prediction of remission in depression treatment. Psychopharmacol. Bull. 2009, 42:94-107.
21. Kennedy S.H., Rizvi S.J. Agomelatine in the treatment of major depressive disorder: potential for clinical effectiveness. CNS Drugs 2010, 24:479-499.
22. Kim J.M., Kim S.Y., Stewart R., Yoo J.A., Bae K.Y., Jung S.W., Lee M.S., Yim H.W., Jun T.Y. Improvement within 2 weeks and later treatment outcomes in patients with depressive disorders: the CRESCEND study. J. Affect. Disord. 2011, 129(1-3):183-190.
23. Kirsch I., Deacon B.J., Huedo-Medina T.B., Scoboria A., Moore T.J., Johnson B.T. Initial severity and antidepressant benefits: a meta-analysis of data submitted to the Food and Drug Administration. PLoS Med. 2008, 5(2):e45.
24. *D: a method to enhance the accuracy of early prediction of treatment outcome and to inform personalized care. J. Clin. Psychiatry 2010, 71:1502-1508.
25. Lam R.W. The importance of early symptom relief in antidepressant treatment: focus on agomelatine. J. Psychopharmacol. 2010, 24(2 Suppl.):27-30.
26. Lam R.W., Kennedy S.H., Grigoriadis S., McIntyre R.S., Milev R., Ramasubbu R., Parikh S.V., Patten S.B., Ravindran A.V. Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) clinical guidelines for the management of major depressive disorder in adults. III. Pharmacotherapy. J. Affect. Disord. 2009, 117(Suppl. 1):S26-S43.
27. Laux, G., VIVALDI Study Group. The antidepressant agomelatine in daily practice: results of the non-interventional study VIVALDI. Pharmacopsychiatry, http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/S-0032-1309003.
28. Lemoine P., Guilleminault C., Alvarez E. Improvement in subjective sleep in major depressive disorder with a novel antidepressant, agomelatine: randomized, double-blind comparison with venlafaxine. J. Clin. Psychiatry 2007, 68:1723-1732.
29. Leon A.C., Blier P., Culpepper L., Gorman J.M., Hirschfeld R.M., Nierenberg A.A., Roose S.P., Rosenbaum J.F., Stahl S.M., Trivedi M.H. An ideal trial to test differential onset of antidepressant effect. J. Clin. Psychiatry 2001, 62(Suppl. 4):34-36.
30. Leuchter A.F., Cook I.A., Hamilton S.P., Narr K.L., Toga A., Hunter A.M., Faull K., Whitelegge J., Andrews A.M., Loo J., Way B., Nelson S.F., Horvath S., Lebowitz B.D. Biomarkers to predict antidepressant response. Curr. Psychiatry Rep. 2010, 2010(12):553-562.
31. Lin C.H., Lane H.Y., Chen C.C., Juo S.H., Yen C.F. Early prediction of fluoxetine response for Han Chinese inpatients with major depressive disorder. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 2011, 31:187-193.
32. Lutz W., Stulz N., Köck K. Patterns of early change and their relationship to outcome and follow-up among patients with major depressive disorders. J. Affect. Disord. 2009, 118(1-3):60-68.
33. Manber R., Chambers A.S. Insomnia and depression: a multifaceted interplay. Curr. Psychiatry Rep. 2009, 11:437-442.
34. Millan M.J., Gobert A., Lejeune F., Dekeyne A., Newman-Tancredi A., Pasteau V., Rivet J.M., Cussac D. The novel melatonin agonist agomelatine (S20098) is an antagonist at 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptors, blockade of which enhances the activity of frontocortical dopaminergic and adrenergic pathways. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 2003, 306:954-964.
35. Möller H.J., Bitter I., Bobes J., Fountoulakis K., Höschl C., Kasper S., European Psychiatric Association Position statement of the European Psychiatric Association (EPA) on the value of antidepressants in the treatment of unipolar depression. Eur. Psychiatry 2012, 27:114-128.
36. Montgomery S.A., Bech P., Blier P., Möller H.J., Nierenberg A.A., Pinder R.M., Quitkin F.M., Reimitz P.E., Rosenbaum J.F., Rush A.J., Stassen H.H., Thase M.E. Selecting methodologies for the evaluation of differences in time to response between antidepressants. J. Clin. Psychiatry 2002, 63:694-699.
37. Morris D.W., Trivedi M.H. Measurement-based care for unipolar depression. Curr. Psychiatry Rep. 2011, 13:446-458.
38. Muthén B., Asparouhov T. Growth mixture modeling: analysis with non-Gaussian random effects. Longitudinal Data Analysis 2008, 143-165. Chapman Hall/CRC Press, Boca Raton. G. Fitzmaurice, M. Davidian, G. Verbeke, G. Molenberghs (Eds.).
39. Muthén B., Brown H., Leuchter A., Hunter A. General approaches to analysis of course: applying growth mixture modeling to randomized trials of depression medication. Causality and Psychopathology: Finding the Determinants of Disorders and Their Cures 2008, American Psychiatric Publishing, Washington, D.C, (See also). P.E. Shrout (Ed.).
40. Muthén B.O. Latent variable analysis: growth mixture modeling and related techniques for longitudinal data. Handbook of Quantitative Methodology for Social Sciences 2004, 345-368. Sage Publications, Newbury Park, CA. D. Kaplan (Ed.).
41. Nierenberg A.A., Leon A.C., Price L.H., Shelton R.C., Trivedi M.H. The current crisis of confidence in antidepressants. J. Clin. Psychiatry 2011, 72:27-33.
42. Olié J.P., Kasper S. Efficacy of agomelatine, a MT1/MT2 receptor agonist with 5-HT2C antagonistic properties, in major depressive disorder. Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol. 2007, 10:661-673.
43. Papakostas G.I., Perlis R.H., Scalia M.J., Petersen T.J., Fava M. A meta-analysis of early sustained response rates between antidepressants and placebo for the treatment of major depressive disorder. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 2006, 26:56-60.
44. Papakostas G.I., Petersen T., Denninger J.W., Tossani E., Pava J.A., Alpert J.E., Nierenberg A.A., Fava M. Psychosocial functioning during the treatment of major depressive disorder with fluoxetine. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 2004, 24:507-511.
45. Posternak M.A., Baer L., Nierenberg A.A., Fava M. Response rates to fluoxetine in subjects who initially show no improvement. J. Clin. Psychiatry 2011, 72:949-954.
46. Posternak M.A., Zimmerman M. Is there a delay in the antidepressant effect? A meta-analysis. J. Clin. Psychiatry 2005, 66:148-258.
47. Quera-Salva M.A., Hajak G., Philip P., Montplaisir J., Keufer-Le Gall S., Laredo J., Guilleminault C. Comparison of agomelatine and escitalopram on nighttime sleep and daytime condition and efficacy in major depressive disorder patients. Int. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 2011, 26:252-262.
48. Quitkin F.M., Stewart J.W., McGrath P.J., Nunes E., Ocepek-Welikson K., Tricamo E., Rabkin J.G., Klein D.F. Further evidence that a placebo response to antidepressants can be identified. Am. J. Psychiatry 1993, 150:566-570.
49. Racagni G., Popoli M. Cellular and molecular mechanisms in the long-term action of antidepressants. Dialogues Clin. Neurosci. 2008, 10:385-400.
50. Stahl S.M., Fava M., Trivedi M.H., Caputo A., Shah A., Post A. Agomelatine in the treatment of major depressive disorder: an 8-week, multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J. Clin. Psychiatry 2010, 71:616-626.
51. Stahl S.M., Nierenberg A.A., Gorman J.M. Evidence of early onset of antidepressant effect in randomized controlled trials. J. Clin. Psychiatry 2001, 62(Suppl. 4):17-23.
52. Stassen H.H., Angst J., Hell D., Scharfetter C., Szegedi A. Is there a common resilience mechanism underlying antidepressant drug response? Evidence from 2848 patients. J. Clin. Psychiatry 2007, 68:1195-1205.
53. Stulz N., Thase M.E., Klein D.N., Manber R., Crits-Christoph P. Differential effects of treatments for chronic depression: a latent growth model reanalysis. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 2010, 78:409-419.
54. Szegedi A., Jansen W.T., van Willigenburg A.P., van der Meulen E., Stassen H.H., Thase M.E. Early improvement in the first 2 weeks as a predictor of treatment outcome in patients with major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis including 6562 patients. J. Clin. Psychiatry 2009, 70:344-353.
55. Szegedi A., Müller M.J., Anghelescu I., Klawe C., Kohnen R., Benkert O. Early improvement under mirtazapine and paroxetine predicts later stable response and remission with high sensitivity in patients with major depression. J. Clin. Psychiatry 2003, 64:413-420.
56. Tadić A., Helmreich I., Mergl R., Hautzinger M., Kohnen R., Henkel V., Hegerl U. Early improvement is a predictor of treatment outcome in patients with mild major, minor or subsyndromal depression. J. Affect. Disord. 2010, 120:86-93.
57. Taylor M.J., Freemantle N., Geddes J.R., Bhagwagar Z. Early onset of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant action: systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 2006, 63:1217-1223.
58. Taylor M.J. Rapid onset of true antidepressant action. Curr. Psychiatry Rep. 2007, 9:475-479.
59. Uher R., Mors O., Rietschel M., Rajewska-Rager A., Petrovic A., Zobel A., Henigsberg N., Mendlewicz J., Aitchison K.J., Farmer A., McGuffin P. Early and delayed onset of response to antidepressants in individual trajectories of change during treatment of major depression: a secondary analysis of data from the Genome-Based Therapeutic Drugs for Depression (GENDEP) study. J. Clin. Psychiatry 2011, 72:1478-1484.
60. Uher R., Muthén B., Souery D., Mors O., Jaracz J., Placentino A., Petrovic A., Zobel A., Henigsberg N., Rietschel M., Aitchison K.J., Farmer A., McGuffin P. Trajectories of change in depression severity during treatment with antidepressants. Psychol. Med. 2010, 40:1367-1377.
61. van Calker D., Zobel I., Dykierek P., Deimel C.M., Kech S., Lieb K., Berger M., Schramm E. Time course of response to antidepressants: predictive value of early improvement and effect of additional psychotherapy. J. Affect. Disord. 2009, 114(1-3):243-253.
62. Vöhringer P.A., Ghaemi S.N. Solving the antidepressant efficacy question: effect sizes in major depressive disorder. Clin. Ther. 2011, 33(12):B49-B61.
63. Watanabe, N., Omori, I.M., Nakagawa, A., Cipriani, A., Barbui, C., Churchill, R., Furukawa, T.A., 2011. Mirtazapine versus other antidepressive agents for depression. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (12):CD006528.