Chemokines as neuromodulators: Regulation of glutamatergic transmission by cxcr4-mediated glutamate release from astrocytes

Chemokine Receptors and NeuroAIDS: Beyond Co-Receptor Function and Links to Other Neuropathologies

Volumn , Issue , 2010, Pages 271-300

  Calì, Corrado ^a   Marchaland, Julie ^a   Mirante, Osvaldo ^a   Bezzi, Paola ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LAUSANNE   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84919982490     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-0793-6_12     Document Type: Chapter

References (205)

1. Angulo MC, Kozlov AS, Charpak S, Audinat E (2004) Glutamate released from glial cells synchronizes neuronal activity in the hippocampus. J Neurosci 24:6920-6927.
2. Arai KI, Lee F, Miyajima A, Miyatake S, Arai N, Yokota T (1990) Cytokines: coordinators of immune and inflammatory responses. Annu Rev Biochem 59:783-836.
3. Araque A, Parpura V, Sanzgiri RP, Haydon PG (1999) Tripartite synapses: glia, the unacknowledged partner. Trends Neurosci 22:208-215.
4. Aravanis AM, Pyle JL, Tsien RW (2003) Single synaptic vesicles fusing transiently and successively without loss of identity. Nature 423:643-647.
5. Asensio VC, Campbell IL (1999) Chemokines in the CNS: Plurifunctional mediators in diverse states. Trends Neurosci 22:504-512.
6. Augustine GJ (2001) How does calcium trigger neurotransmitter release? Curr Opin Neurobiol 11:320-326.
7. Bacon KB, Harrison JK (2000) Chemokines and their receptors in neurobiology: Perspectives in physiology and homeostasis. J Neuroimmunol 104:92-97.
8. Bagetta G, Corasaniti MT, Berliocchi L, Nistico R, Giammarioli AM, Malorni W, Aloe L, Finazzi-Agro A (1999) Involvement of interleukin-1beta in the mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) recombinant protein gp120-induced apoptosis in the neocortex of rat. Neuroscience 89:1051-1066.
9. Bagri A, Gurney T, He X, Zou YR, Littman DR, Tessier-Lavigne M, Pleasure SJ (2002) The chemokine SDF1 regulates migration of dentate granule cells. Development 129: 4249-4260.
10. Bajetto A, Bonavia R, Barbero S, Piccioli P, Costa A, Florio T, Schettini G (1999) Glial and neuronal cells express functional chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its natural ligand stromal cellderived factor 1. J Neurochem 73:2348-2357.
11. Bajetto A, Barbero S, Bonavia R, Piccioli P, Pirani P, Florio T, Schettini G (2001) Stromal cellderived factor-1alpha induces astrocyte proliferation through the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 pathway. J Neurochem 77:1226-1236.
12. Balabanian K, Lagane B, Infantino S, Chow KY, Harriague J, Moepps B, Arenzana-Seisdedos F, Thelen M, Bachelerie F (2005) The chemokine SDF-1/CXCL12 binds to and signals through the orphan receptor RDC1 in T lymphocytes. J Biol Chem 280:35760-35766.
13. Banisadr G, Fontanges P, Haour F, Kitabgi P, Rostene W, Melik Parsadaniantz S (2002) Neuroanatomical distribution of CXCR4 in adult rat brain and its localization in cholinergic and dopaminergic neurons. Eur J Neurosci 16:1661-1671.
14. Banisadr G, Skrzydelski D, Kitabgi P, Rostene W, Parsadaniantz SM (2003) Highly regionalized distribution of stromal cell-derived factor-1/CXCL12 in adult rat brain: constitutive expression in cholinergic, dopaminergic and vasopressinergic neurons. Eur J Neurosci 18:1593-1606.
15. Bezzi P, Volterra A (2001) A neuron-glia signalling network in the active brain. Curr Opin Neurobiol 11:387-394.
16. Bezzi P, Carmignoto G, Pasti L, Vesce S, Rossi D, Rizzini BL, Pozzan T, Volterra A (1998) Prostaglandins stimulate calcium-dependent glutamate release in astrocytes. Nature 391:281-285.
17. Bezzi P, Domercq M, Brambilla L, Galli R, Schols D, De Clercq E, Vescovi A, Bagetta G, Kollias G, Meldolesi J, Volterra A (2001) CXCR4-activated astrocyte glutamate release via TNFalpha: Amplification by microglia triggers neurotoxicity. Nat Neurosci 4:702-710.
18. Bezzi P, Gundersen V, Galbete JL, Seifert G, Steinhauser C, Pilati E, Volterra A (2004) Astrocytes contain a vesicular compartment that is competent for regulated exocytosis of glutamate. Nat Neurosci 7:613-620.
19. Biber K, Zuurman MW, Dijkstra IM, Boddeke HW (2002) Chemokines in the brain: neuroimmunology and beyond. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2:63-68.
20. Blasko I, Veerhuis R, Stampfer-Kountchev M, Saurwein-Teissl M, Eikelenboom P, Grubeck- Loebenstein B (2000) Costimulatory effects of interferon-gamma and interleukin-1beta or tumor necrosis factor alpha on the synthesis of Abeta1-40 and Abeta1-42 by human astrocytes. Neurobiol Dis 7:682-689.
21. Blaustein MP, Golovina VA (2001) Structural complexity and functional diversity of endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) stores. Trends Neurosci 24:602-608.
22. Bonavia R, Bajetto A, Barbero S, Pirani P, Florio T, Schettini G (2003) Chemokines and their receptors in the CNS: expression of CXCL12/SDF-1 and CXCR4 and their role in astrocyte proliferation. Toxicol Lett 139:181-189.
23. 2+ signalling system in HeLa cells. J Physiol 499(Pt 2):307-314.
24. 2+) signals. J Cell Sci 114:2213-2222.
25. Cali C, Marchaland J, Regazzi R, Bezzi P (2008) SDF 1-alpha (CXCL12) triggers glutamate exocytosis from astrocytes on a millisecond time scale: Imaging analysis at the single-vesicle level with TIRF microscopy. J Neuroimmunol 198:82-91.
26. Campbell IL (1998) Structural and functional impact of the transgenic expression of cytokines in the CNS. Ann N Y Acad Sci 840:83-96.
27. Carmignoto G, Pasti L, Pozzan T (1998) On the role of voltage-dependent calcium channels in calcium signaling of astrocytes in situ. J Neurosci 18:4637-4645.
28. Cartier L, Hartley O, Dubois-Dauphin M, Krause KH (2005) Chemokine receptors in the central nervous system: role in brain inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 48:16-42.
29. Chalasani SH, Sabelko KA, Sunshine MJ, Littman DR, Raper JA (2003) A chemokine, SDF-1, reduces the effectiveness of multiple axonal repellents and is required for normal axon pathfinding. J Neurosci 23:1360-1371.
30. Chalasani SH, Sabol A, Xu H, Gyda MA, Rasband K, Granato M, Chien CB, Raper JA (2007) Stromal cell-derived factor-1 antagonizes slit/robo signaling in vivo. J Neurosci 27:973-980.
31. Chen G, Chen KS, Knox J, Inglis J, Bernard A, Martin SJ, Justice A, McConlogue L, Games D, Freedman SB, Morris RG (2000) A learning deficit related to age and beta-amyloid plaques in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Nature 408:975-979.
32. Chen D, Zuleger C, Chu Q, Maa YF, Osorio J, Payne LG (2002) Epidermal powder immunization with a recombinant HIV gp120 targets Langerhans cells and induces enhanced immune responses. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 18:715-722.
33. Chen L, Pei G, Zhang W (2004) An overall picture of chemokine receptors: basic research and drug development. Curr Pharm Des 10:1045-1055.
34. Chen X, Wang L, Zhou Y, Zheng LH, Zhou Z (2005) "Kiss-and-run" glutamate secretion in cultured and freshly isolated rat hippocampal astrocytes. J Neurosci 25:9236-9243.
35. Cho C, Miller RJ (2002) Chemokine receptors and neural function. J Neurovirol 8:573-584.
36. Chong Y (1997) Effect of a carboxy-terminal fragment of the Alzheimer's amyloid precursor protein on expression of proinflammatory cytokines in rat glial cells. Life Sci 61:2323-2333.
37. 2+ concentration triggering exocytosis in neuroendocrine cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:12765-12769.
38. Chow RH, Klingauf J, Heinemann C, Zucker RS, Neher E (1996) Mechanisms determining the time course of secretion in neuroendocrine cells. Neuron 16:369-376.
39. Crippa D, Schenk U, Francolini M, Rosa P, Verderio C, Zonta M, Pozzan T, Matteoli M, Carmignoto G (2006) Synaptobrevin2-expressing vesicles in rat astrocytes: Insights into molecular characterization, dynamics and exocytosis. J Physiol 570:567-582.
40. D'Ascenzo M, Fellin T, Terunuma M, Revilla-Sanchez R, Meaney DF, Auberson YP, Moss SJ, Haydon PG (2007) mGluR5 stimulates gliotransmission in the nucleus accumbens. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104:1995-2000.
41. Dani JW, Chernjavsky A, Smith SJ (1992) Neuronal activity triggers calcium waves in hippocampal astrocyte networks. Neuron 8:429-440.
42. Davalos D, Grutzendler J, Yang G, Kim JV, Zuo Y, Jung S, Littman DR, Dustin ML, Gan WB (2005) ATP mediates rapid microglial response to local brain injury in vivo. Nat Neurosci 8:752-758.
43. Del Bo R, Angeretti N, Lucca E, De Simoni MG, Forloni G (1995) Reciprocal control of inflammatory cytokines, IL-1 and IL-6, and beta-amyloid production in cultures. Neurosci Lett 188:70-74.
44. Del Villar K, Miller CA (2004) Down-regulation of DENN/MADD, a TNF receptor binding protein, correlates with neuronal cell death in Alzheimer's disease brain and hippocampal neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101:4210-4215.
45. Dodart JC, Meziane H, Mathis C, Bales KR, Paul SM, Ungerer A (1999) Behavioral disturbances in transgenic mice overexpressing the V717F beta-amyloid precursor protein. Behav Neurosci 113:982-990.
46. Domercq M, Brambilla L, Pilati E, Marchaland J, Volterra A, Bezzi P (2006) P2Y1 receptorevoked glutamate exocytosis from astrocytes: control by tumor necrosis factor-alpha and prostaglandins. J Biol Chem 281:30684-30696.
47. Dore GJ, Correll PK, Li Y, Kaldor JM, Cooper DA, Brew BJ (1999) Changes to AIDS dementia complex in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 13:1249-1253.
48. Duan S, Anderson CM, Keung EC, Chen Y, Chen Y, Swanson RA (2003) P2X7 receptor-mediated release of excitatory amino acids from astrocytes. J Neurosci 23:1320-1328.
49. Duffy HS, John GR, Lee SC, Brosnan CF, Spray DC (2000) Reciprocal regulation of the junctional proteins claudin-1 and connexin43 by interleukin-1beta in primary human fetal astrocytes. J Neurosci 20:RC114.
50. Eilbott DJ, Peress N, Burger H, LaNeve D, Orenstein J, Gendelman HE, Seidman R, Weiser B (1989) Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in spinal cords of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients with myelopathy: expression and replication in macrophages. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 86:3337-41.
51. Ellis RJ, Deutsch R, Heaton RK, Marcotte TD, McCutchan JA, Nelson JA, Abramson I, Thal LJ, Atkinson JH, Wallace MR, Grant I (1997) Neurocognitive impairment is an independent risk factor for death in HIV infection. San Diego HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center Group. Arch Neurol 54:416-424.
52. Everall IP, Heaton RK, Marcotte TD, Ellis RJ, McCutchan JA, Atkinson JH, Grant I, Mallory M, Masliah E (1999) Cortical synaptic density is reduced in mild to moderate human immunodeficiency virus neurocognitive disorder. HNRC Group. HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center. Brain Pathol 9:209-217.
53. Fellin T, Pascual O, Gobbo S, Pozzan T, Haydon PG, Carmignoto G (2004) Neuronal synchrony mediated by astrocytic glutamate through activation of extrasynaptic NMDA receptors. Neuron 43:729-743.
54. Feng Y, Broder CC, Kennedy PE, Berger EA (1996) HIV-1 entry cofactor: functional cDNA cloning of a seven-transmembrane, G protein-coupled receptor. Science 272:872-877.
55. Fernandez EJ, Lolis E (2002) Structure, function, and inhibition of chemokines. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 42:469-499.
56. Fiacco TA, McCarthy KD (2006) Astrocyte calcium elevations: Properties, propagation, and effects on brain signaling. Glia 54:676-690.
57. Fitch MT, Doller C, Combs CK, Landreth GE, Silver J (1999) Cellular and molecular mechanisms of glial scarring and progressive cavitation: In vivo and in vitro analysis of inflammationinduced secondary injury after CNS trauma. J Neurosci 19:8182-8198.
58. Games D, Adams D, Alessandrini R, Barbour R, Berthelette P, Blackwell C, Carr T, Clemens J, Donaldson T, Gillespie F et al (1995) Alzheimer-type neuropathology in transgenic mice overexpressing V717F beta-amyloid precursor protein. Nature 373:523-527.
59. Garden GA, Guo W, Jayadev S, Tun C, Balcaitis S, Choi J, Montine TJ, Moller T, Morrison RS (2004) HIV associated neurodegeneration requires p53 in neurons and microglia. Faseb J 18:1141-1143.
60. Gartner S (2000) HIV infection and dementia. Science 287:602-604.
61. Gendelman HE, Persidsky Y (2005) Infections of the nervous system. Lancet Neurol 4:12-13.
62. Gerard C, Rollins BJ (2001) Chemokines and disease. Nat Immunol 2:108-115.
63. Gitter BD, Cox LM, Rydel RE, May PC (1995) Amyloid beta peptide potentiates cytokine secretion by interleukin-1 beta-activated human astrocytoma cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:10738-10741.
64. Giulian D, Yu J, Li X, Tom D, Li J, Wendt E, Lin SN, Schwarcz R, Noonan C (1996) Study of receptor-mediated neurotoxins released by HIV-1-infected mononuclear phagocytes found in human brain. J Neurosci 16:3139-3153.
65. Gleichmann M, Gillen C, Czardybon M, Bosse F, Greiner-Petter R, Auer J, Muller HW (2000) Cloning and characterization of SDF-1gamma, a novel SDF-1 chemokine transcript with developmentally regulated expression in the nervous system. Eur J Neurosci 12:1857-1866.
66. Glenner GG, Wong CW (1984) Alzheimer's disease: Initial report of the purification and characterization of a novel cerebrovascular amyloid protein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 120:885-890.
67. Grosche J, Matyash V, Moller T, Verkhratsky A, Reichenbach A, Kettenmann H (1999) Microdomains for neuron-glia interaction: Parallel fiber signaling to Bergmann glial cells. Nat Neurosci 2:139-143.
68. Grosche J, Kettenmann H, Reichenbach A (2002) Bergmann glial cells form distinct morphological structures to interact with cerebellar neurons. J Neurosci Res 68:138-149.
69. Gundelfinger ED, Kessels MM, Qualmann B (2003) Temporal and spatial coordination of exocytosis and endocytosis. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 4:127-139.
70. Guyon A, Nahon JL (2007) Multiple actions of the chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha on neuronal activity. J Mol Endocrinol 38:365-376.
71. Guyon A, Rovere C, Cervantes A, Allaeys I, Nahon JL (2005a) Stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha directly modulates voltage-dependent currents of the action potential in mammalian neuronal cells. J Neurochem 93:963-973.
72. Guyon A, Banisadr G, Rovere C, Cervantes A, Kitabgi P, Melik-Parsadaniantz S, Nahon JL (2005b) Complex effects of stromal cell-derived factor-1 alpha on melanin-concentrating hormone neuron excitability. Eur J Neurosci 21:701-710.
73. Guyon A, Skrzydelsi D, Rovere C, Rostene W, Parsadaniantz SM, Nahon JL (2006) Stromal cellderived factor-1alpha modulation of the excitability of rat substantia nigra dopaminergic neurones: Presynaptic mechanisms. J Neurochem 96:1540-1550.
74. Halassa MM, Fellin T, Takano H, Dong JH, Haydon PG (2007) Synaptic islands defined by the territory of a single astrocyte. J Neurosci 27:6473-6477.
75. Harata N, Pyle JL, Aravanis AM, Mozhayeva M, Kavalali ET, Tsien RW (2001) Limited numbers of recycling vesicles in small CNS nerve terminals: Implications for neural signaling and vesicular cycling. Trends Neurosci 24:637-643.
76. Harata NC, Aravanis AM, Tsien RW (2006) Kiss-and-run and full-collapse fusion as modes of exo-endocytosis in neurosecretion. J Neurochem 97:1546-1570.
77. Hartlage-Rubsamen M, Zeitschel U, Apelt J, Gartner U, Franke H, Stahl T, Gunther A, Schliebs R, Penkowa M, Bigl V, Rossner S (2003) Astrocytic expression of the Alzheimer's disease beta-secretase (BACE1) is stimulus-dependent. Glia 41:169-179.
78. Haydon PG, Carmignoto G (2006) Astrocyte control of synaptic transmission and neurovascular coupling. Physiol Rev 86:1009-1031.
79. He J, Chen Y, Farzan M, Choe H, Ohagen A, Gartner S, Busciglio J, Yang X, Hofmann W, Newman W, Mackay CR, Sodroski J, Gabuzda D (1997) CCR3 and CCR5 are co-receptors for HIV-1 infection of microglia. Nature 385:645-649.
80. Hesselgesser J, Taub D, Baskar P, Greenberg M, Hoxie J, Kolson DL, Horuk R (1998) Neuronal apoptosis induced by HIV-1 gp120 and the chemokine SDF-1 alpha is mediated by the chemokine receptor CXCR4. Curr Biol 8:595-598.
81. Heyser CJ, Masliah E, Samimi A, Campbell IL, Gold LH (1997) Progressive decline in avoidance learning paralleled by inflammatory neurodegeneration in transgenic mice expressing interleukin 6 in the brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94:1500-1505.
82. Huising MO, Stet RJ, Kruiswijk CP, Savelkoul HF, Lidy Verburg-van Kemenade BM (2003) Molecular evolution of CXC chemokines: extant CXC chemokines originate from the CNS. Trends Immunol 24:307-313.
83. Jazin EE, Soderstrom S, Ebendal T, Larhammar D (1997) Embryonic expression of the mRNA for the rat homologue of the fusin/CXCR-4 HIV-1 co-receptor. J Neuroimmunol 79:148-154.
84. Jeremic A, Jeftinija K, Stevanovic J, Glavaski A, Jeftinija S (2001) ATP stimulates calciumdependent glutamate release from cultured astrocytes. J Neurochem 77:664-675.
85. John GR, Scemes E, Suadicani SO, Liu JS, Charles PC, Lee SC, Spray DC, Brosnan CF (1999) IL-1beta differentially regulates calcium wave propagation between primary human fetal astrocytes via pathways involving P2 receptors and gap junction channels. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:11613-11618.
86. Jourdain P, Bergersen LH, Bhaukaurally K, Bezzi P, Santello M, Domercq M, Matute C, Tonello F, Gundersen V, Volterra A (2007) Glutamate exocytosis from astrocytes controls synaptic strength. Nat Neurosci 10:331-339.
87. Kang N, Xu J, Xu Q, Nedergaard M, Kang J (2005) Astrocytic glutamate release-induced transient depolarization and epileptiform discharges in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. J Neurophysiol 94:4121-4130.
88. 2+-dependent exocytosis: Implications of kinetic diversity for secretory function. Trends Neurosci 22:88-93.
89. Kasai H, Kishimoto T, Liu TT, Miyashita Y, Podini P, Grohovaz F, Meldolesi J (1999) Multiple and diverse forms of regulated exocytosis in wild-type and defective PC12 cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:945-949.
90. Kaul M, Lipton SA (1999) Chemokines and activated macrophages in HIV gp120-induced neuronal apoptosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:8212-8216.
91. Kaul M, Garden GA, Lipton SA (2001) Pathways to neuronal injury and apoptosis in HIVassociated dementia. Nature 410:988-994.
92. Kaul M, Zheng J, Okamoto S, Gendelman HE, Lipton SA (2005) HIV-1 infection and AIDS: consequences for the central nervous system. Cell Death Differ 12(Suppl 1):878-892.
93. Kimelberg HK, Goderie SK, Higman S, Pang S, Waniewski RA (1990) Swelling-induced release of glutamate, aspartate, and taurine from astrocyte cultures. J Neurosci 10:1583-1591.
94. Klein RS, Rubin JB (2004) Immune and nervous system CXCL12 and CXCR4: Parallel roles in patterning and plasticity. Trends Immunol 25:306-314.
95. Klein RS, Williams KC, Alvarez-Hernandez X, Westmoreland S, Force T, Lackner AA, Luster AD (1999) Chemokine receptor expression and signaling in macaque and human fetal neurons and astrocytes: Implications for the neuropathogenesis of AIDS. J Immunol 163:1636-1646.
96. Klein RS, Rubin JB, Gibson HD, DeHaan EN, Alvarez-Hernandez X, Segal RA, Luster AD (2001) SDF-1 alpha induces chemotaxis and enhances Sonic hedgehog-induced proliferation of cerebellar granule cells. Development 128:1971-1981.
97. Koenig RE, Gautier T, Levy JA (1986) Unusual intrafamilial transmission of human immunodeficiency virus. Lancet 2:627.
98. Kreft M, Stenovec M, Rupnik M, Grilc S, Krzan M, Potokar M, Pangrsic T, Haydon PG, Zorec R (2004) Properties of Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis in cultured astrocytes. Glia 46:437-445.
99. Laing KJ, Secombes CJ (2004) Chemokines. Dev Comp Immunol 28:443-460.
100. Latour I, Gee CE, Robitaille R, Lacaille JC (2001) Differential mechanisms of Ca2+ responses in glial cells evoked by exogenous and endogenous glutamate in rat hippocampus. Hippocampus 11:132-145.
101. Lavi E, Strizki JM, Ulrich AM, Zhang W, Fu L, Wang Q, O'Connor M, Hoxie JA, Gonzalez-Scarano F (1997) CXCR-4 (Fusin), a co-receptor for the type 1 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1), is expressed in the human brain in a variety of cell types, including microglia and neurons. Am J Pathol 151:1035-1042.
102. Lazarini F, Casanova P, Tham TN, De Clercq E, Arenzana-Seisdedos F, Baleux F, Dubois-Dalcq M (2000) Differential signalling of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 by stromal cell-derived factor 1 and the HIV glycoprotein in rat neurons and astrocytes. Eur J Neurosci 12:117-125.
103. Lazarini F, Tham TN, Casanova P, Arenzana-Seisdedos F, Dubois-Dalcq M (2003) Role of the alpha-chemokine stromal cell-derived factor (SDF-1) in the developing and mature central nervous system. Glia 42:139-148.
104. Lee YB, Nagai A, Kim SU (2002) Cytokines, chemokines, and cytokine receptors in human microglia. J Neurosci Res 69:94-103.
105. Li M, Ransohoff RM (2008) Multiple roles of chemokine CXCL12 in the central nervous system: A migration from immunology to neurobiology. Prog Neurobiol 84:116-131.
106. Lieberam I, Agalliu D, Nagasawa T, Ericson J, Jessell TM (2005) A Cxcl12-CXCR4 chemokine signaling pathway defines the initial trajectory of mammalian motor axons. Neuron 47:667-679.
107. Limatola C, Giovannelli A, Maggi L, Ragozzino D, Castellani L, Ciotti MT, Vacca F, Mercanti D, Santoni A, Eusebi F (2000) SDF-1alpha-mediated modulation of synaptic transmission in rat cerebellum. Eur J Neurosci 12:2497-2504.
108. Liu JS, John GR, Sikora A, Lee SC, Brosnan CF (2000) Modulation of interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha signaling by P2 purinergic receptors in human fetal astrocytes. J Neurosci 20:5292-5299.
109. Lu M, Grove EA, Miller RJ (2002) Abnormal development of the hippocampal dentate gyrus in mice lacking the CXCR4 chemokine receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:7090-7095.
110. Luster AD (1998) Chemokines-chemotactic cytokines that mediate inflammation. N Engl J Med 338:436-445.
111. Luther SA, Cyster JG (2001) Chemokines as regulators of T cell differentiation. Nat Immunol 2:102-107.
112. Ma Q, Jones D, Borghesani PR, Segal RA, Nagasawa T, Kishimoto T, Bronson RT, Springer TA (1998) Impaired B-lymphopoiesis, myelopoiesis, and derailed cerebellar neuron migration in CXCR4- And SDF-1-deficient mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:9448-9453.
113. Major EO, Rausch D, Marra C, Clifford D (2000) HIV-associated dementia. Science 288:440-442.
114. 2+ transients control exo-endocytosis of SLMVs in astrocytes. J Neurosci 28:9122-9132.
115. Masliah E, Sisk A, Mallory M, Mucke L, Schenk D, Games D (1996) Comparison of neurodegenerative pathology in transgenic mice overexpressing V717F beta-amyloid precursor protein and Alzheimer's disease. J Neurosci 16:5795-5811.
116. Masliah E, Heaton RK, Marcotte TD, Ellis RJ, Wiley CA, Mallory M, Achim CL, McCutchan JA, Nelson JA, Atkinson JH, Grant I (1997) Dendritic injury is a pathological substrate for human immunodeficiency virus-related cognitive disorders. HNRC Group. The HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center. Ann Neurol 42:963-972.
117. McArthur JC, Hoover DR, Bacellar H, Miller EN, Cohen BA, Becker JT, Graham NM, McArthur JH, Selnes OA, Jacobson LP et al (1993) Dementia in AIDS patients: Incidence and risk factors. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Neurology 43:2245-2252.
118. McGeer PL, McGeer EG (2002) Local neuroinflammation and the progression of Alzheimer's disease. J Neurovirol 8:529-538.
119. McGeer PL, McGeer EG (2004) Inflammation and the degenerative diseases of aging. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1035:104-116.
120. McGrath KE, Koniski AD, Maltby KM, McGann JK, Palis J (1999) Embryonic expression and function of the chemokine SDF-1 and its receptor, CXCR4. Dev Biol 213:442-456.
121. Mennicken F, Maki R, de Souza EB, Quirion R (1999) Chemokines and chemokine receptors in the CNS: A possible role in neuroinflammation and patterning. Trends Pharmacol Sci 20:73-78.
122. Meucci O, Miller RJ (1996) gp120-induced neurotoxicity in hippocampal pyramidal neuron cultures: Protective action of TGF-beta1. J Neurosci 16:4080-4088.
123. Meucci O, Fatatis A, Simen AA, Bushell TJ, Gray PW, Miller RJ (1998) Chemokines regulate hippocampal neuronal signaling and gp120 neurotoxicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:14500-14505.
124. Michael NL, Moore JP (1999) HIV-1 entry inhibitors: evading the issue. Nat Med 5:740-742.
125. Miller RJ, Meucci O (1999) AIDS and the brain: Is there a chemokine connection? Trends Neurosci 22:471-479.
126. Minghetti L (2005) Role of inflammation in neurodegenerative diseases. Curr Opin Neurol 18:315-321.
127. Montana V, Ni Y, Sunjara V, Hua X, Parpura V (2004) Vesicular glutamate transporter-dependent glutamate release from astrocytes. J Neurosci 24:2633-2642.
128. Murphy TH, Blatter LA, Wier WG, Baraban JM (1993) Rapid communication between neurons and astrocytes in primary cortical cultures. J Neurosci 13:2672-2679.
129. Murphy PM, Baggiolini M, Charo IF, Hebert CA, Horuk R, Matsushima K, Miller LH, Oppenheim JJ, Power CA (2000) International union of pharmacology. XXII. Nomenclature for chemokine receptors. Pharmacol Rev 52:145-176.
130. Nagasawa T, Nakajima T, Tachibana K, Iizasa H, Bleul CC, Yoshie O, Matsushima K, Yoshida N, Springer TA, Kishimoto T (1996) Molecular cloning and characterization of a murine pre-B-cell growth-stimulating factor/stromal cell-derived factor 1 receptor, a murine homolog of the human immunodeficiency virus 1 entry coreceptor fusin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:14726-14729.
131. Navarrete M, Araque A (2008) Endocannabinoids mediate neuron-astrocyte communication. Neuron 57:883-893.
132. Nedergaard M, Ransom B, Goldman SA (2003) New roles for astrocytes: redefining the functional architecture of the brain. Trends Neurosci 26:523-530.
133. Neves SR, Ram PT, Iyengar R (2002) G protein pathways. Science 296:1636-1639.
134. Ni Y, Malarkey EB, Parpura V (2007) Vesicular release of glutamate mediates bidirectional signaling between astrocytes and neurons. J Neurochem 103:1273-1284.
135. Nimmerjahn A, Kirchhoff F, Helmchen F (2005) Resting microglial cells are highly dynamic surveillants of brain parenchyma in vivo. Science 308:1314-1318.
136. Ohagen A, Ghosh S, He J, Huang K, Chen Y, Yuan M, Osathanondh R, Gartner S, Shi B, Shaw G, Gabuzda D (1999) Apoptosis induced by infection of primary brain cultures with diverse human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates: evidence for a role of the envelope. J Virol 73:897-906.
137. Ohtani Y, Minami M, Kawaguchi N, Nishiyori A, Yamamoto J, Takami S, Satoh M (1998) Expression of stromal cell-derived factor-1 and CXCR4 chemokine receptor mRNAs in cultured rat glial and neuronal cells. Neurosci Lett 249:163-166.
138. Parpura V, Basarsky TA, Liu F, Jeftinija K, Jeftinija S, Haydon PG (1994) Glutamate-mediated astrocyte-neuron signalling. Nature 369:744-747.
139. 2+ oscillations in situ drive NMDAR-mediated neuronal excitation. Nat Neurosci 4:803-812.
140. Pasti L, Volterra A, Pozzan T, Carmignoto G (1997) Intracellular calcium oscillations in astrocytes: A highly plastic, bidirectional form of communication between neurons and astrocytes in situ. J Neurosci 17:7817-7830.
141. Pasti L, Zonta M, Pozzan T, Vicini S, Carmignoto G (2001) Cytosolic calcium oscillations in astrocytes may regulate exocytotic release of glutamate. J Neurosci 21:477-484.
142. Penner R, Neher E (1988) The role of calcium in stimulus-secretion coupling in excitable and non-excitable cells. J Exp Biol 139:329-345.
143. Perea G, Araque A (2005) Properties of synaptically evoked astrocyte calcium signal reveal synaptic information processing by astrocytes. J Neurosci 25:2192-2203.
144. Perea G, Araque A (2007) Astrocytes potentiate transmitter release at single hippocampal synapses. Science 317:1083-1086.
145. Perry VH, Bell MD, Brown HC, Matyszak MK (1995) Inflammation in the nervous system. Curr Opin Neurobiol 5:636-641.
146. Persidsky Y, Limoges J, Rasmussen J, Zheng J, Gearing A, Gendelman HE (2001) Reduction in glial immunity and neuropathology by a PAF antagonist and an MMP and TNFalpha inhibitor in SCID mice with HIV-1 encephalitis. J Neuroimmunol 114:57-68.
147. Pillarisetti K, Gupta SK (2001) Cloning and relative expression analysis of rat stromal cell derived factor-1 (SDF-1)1: SDF-1 alpha mRNA is selectively induced in rat model of myocardial infarction. Inflammation 25:293-300.
148. i in hippocampal astrocytes in situ. J Neurochem 65:1515-1523.
149. i. Glia 13:101-112.
150. Porter JT, McCarthy KD (1996) Hippocampal astrocytes in situ respond to glutamate released from synaptic terminals. J Neurosci 16:5073-5081.
151. Power C, Gill MJ, Johnson RT (2002) Progress in clinical neurosciences: The neuropathogenesis of HIV infection: host-virus interaction and the impact of therapy. Can J Neurol Sci 29:19-32.
152. Ragozzino D, Renzi M, Giovannelli A, Eusebi F (2002) Stimulation of chemokine CXC receptor 4 induces synaptic depression of evoked parallel fibers inputs onto Purkinje neurons in mouse cerebellum. J Neuroimmunol 127:30-36.
153. Ransohoff RM, Liu L, Cardona AE (2007) Chemokines and chemokine receptors: Multipurpose players in neuroinflammation. Int Rev Neurobiol 82:187-204.
154. Ravaglia G, Paola F, Maioli F, Martelli M, Montesi F, Bastagli L, Bianchin M, Chiappelli M, Tumini E, Bolondi L, Licastro F (2006) Interleukin-1beta and interleukin-6 gene polymorphisms as risk factors for AD: A prospective study. Exp Gerontol 41:85-92.
155. Reilly JF, Games D, Rydel RE, Freedman S, Schenk D, Young WG, Morrison JH, Bloom FE (2003) Amyloid deposition in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex: quantitative analysis of a transgenic mouse model. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:4837-4842.
156. Rezaie P, Trillo-Pazos G, Everall IP, Male DK (2002) Expression of beta-chemokines and chemokine receptors in human fetal astrocyte and microglial co-cultures: Potential role of chemokines in the developing CNS. Glia 37:64-75.
157. Richards DA, Mateos JM, Hugel S, de Paola V, Caroni P, Gahwiler BH, McKinney RA (2005) Glutamate induces the rapid formation of spine head protrusions in hippocampal slice cultures. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:6166-6171.
158. Rizzoli SO, Jahn R (2007) Kiss-and-run, collapse and 'readily retrievable' vesicles. Traffic 8:1137-1144.
159. 2+: Molecular determinants and functional consequences. Physiol Rev 86:369-408.
160. Rojo LE, Fernandez JA, Maccioni AA, Jimenez JM, Maccioni RB (2008) Neuroinflammation: Implications for the pathogenesis and molecular diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Arch Med Res 39:1-16.
161. Rossi D, Zlotnik A (2000) The biology of chemokines and their receptors. Annu Rev Immunol 18:217-242.
162. Rossi DJ, Oshima T, Attwell D (2000) Glutamate release in severe brain ischaemia is mainly by reversed uptake. Nature 403:316-321.
163. Rossi D, Brambilla L, Valori CF, Crugnola A, Giaccone G, Capobianco R, Mangieri M, Kingston AE, Bloc A, Bezzi P, Volterra A (2005) Defective tumor necrosis factor-alpha-dependent control of astrocyte glutamate release in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer disease. J Biol Chem 280:42088-42096.
164. Rostene W, Kitabgi P, Parsadaniantz SM (2007) Chemokines: A new class of neuromodulator? Nat Rev Neurosci 8:895-903.
165. Rottman JB, Ganley KP, Williams K, Wu L, Mackay CR, Ringler DJ (1997) Cellular localization of the chemokine receptor CCR5. Correlation to cellular targets of HIV-1 infection. Am J Pathol 151:1341-1351.
166. Saez ET, Pehar M, Vargas MR, Barbeito L, Maccioni RB (2006) Production of nerve growth factor by beta-amyloid-stimulated astrocytes induces p75NTR-dependent tau hyperphosphorylation in cultured hippocampal neurons. J Neurosci Res 84:1098-1106.
167. 2+ homeostasis at dendritic spines in hippocampal neurons. J Neurosci 25:4587-4592.
168. Santello M, Volterra A (2008) Synaptic modulation by astrocytes via Ca(2+)-dependent glutamate release. Neuroscience 158:253-9.
169. Sanzgiri RP, Araque A, Haydon PG (1999) Prostaglandin E(2) stimulates glutamate receptordependent astrocyte neuromodulation in cultured hippocampal cells. J Neurobiol 41: 221-229.
170. Schipke CG, Kettenmann H (2004) Astrocyte responses to neuronal activity. Glia 47:226-232.
171. Schneggenburger R, Neher E (2005) Presynaptic calcium and control of vesicle fusion. Curr Opin Neurobiol 15:266-274.
172. Serrano A, Haddjeri N, Lacaille JC, Robitaille R (2006) GABAergic network activation of glial cells underlies hippocampal heterosynaptic depression. J Neurosci 26:5370-5382.
173. Streit WJ, Conde JR, Harrison JK (2001) Chemokines and Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 22:909-913.
174. Stumm RK, Rummel J, Junker V, Culmsee C, Pfeiffer M, Krieglstein J, Hollt V, Schulz S (2002) A dual role for the SDF-1/CXCR4 chemokine receptor system in adult brain: Isoform-selective regulation of SDF-1 expression modulates CXCR4-dependent neuronal plasticity and cerebral leukocyte recruitment after focal ischemia. J Neurosci 22:5865-5878.
175. Suzuki N, Cheung TT, Cai XD, Odaka A, Otvos L Jr, Eckman C, Golde TE, Younkin SG (1994) An increased percentage of long amyloid beta protein secreted by familial amyloid beta protein precursor (beta APP717) mutants. Science 264:1336-1340.
176. Tachibana K, Hirota S, Iizasa H, Yoshida H, Kawabata K, Kataoka Y, Kitamura Y, Matsushima K, Yoshida N, Nishikawa S, Kishimoto T, Nagasawa T (1998) The chemokine receptor CXCR4 is essential for vascularization of the gastrointestinal tract. Nature 393:591-594.
177. Takano T, Kang J, Jaiswal JK, Simon SM, Lin JH, Yu Y, Li Y, Yang J, Dienel G, Zielke HR, Nedergaard M (2005) Receptor-mediated glutamate release from volume sensitive channels in astrocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:16466-16471.
178. Tashiro K, Tada H, Heilker R, Shirozu M, Nakano T, Honjo T (1993) Signal sequence trap: A cloning strategy for secreted proteins and type I membrane proteins. Science 261:600-603.
179. Tham TN, Lazarini F, Franceschini IA, Lachapelle F, Amara A, Dubois-Dalcq M (2001) Developmental pattern of expression of the alpha chemokine stromal cell-derived factor 1 in the rat central nervous system. Eur J Neurosci 13:845-856.
180. 2+ release sites in non-excitable cells. Curr Biol 10:8-15.
181. Toggas SM, Masliah E, Rockenstein EM, Rall GF, Abraham CR, Mucke L (1994) Central nervous system damage produced by expression of the HIV-1 coat protein gp120 in transgenic mice. Nature 367:188-193.
182. Toggas SM, Masliah E, Mucke L (1996) Prevention of HIV-1 gp120-induced neuronal damage in the central nervous system of transgenic mice by the NMDA receptor antagonist memantine. Brain Res 706:303-307.
183. Tovey SC, de Smet P, Lipp P, Thomas D, Young KW, Missiaen L, De Smedt H, Parys JB, Berridge MJ, Thuring J, Holmes A, Bootman MD (2001) Calcium puffs are generic InsP(3)-activated elementary calcium signals and are downregulated by prolonged hormonal stimulation to inhibit cellular calcium responses. J Cell Sci 114:3979-3989.
184. Tran PB, Miller RJ (2003) Chemokine receptors: Signposts to brain development and disease. Nat Rev Neurosci 4:444-455.
185. 2+ release from internal stores controls exocytosis in pituitary gonadotrophs. Neuron 18:121-132.
186. Tu JC, Xiao B, Yuan JP, Lanahan AA, Leoffert K, Li M, Linden DJ, Worley PF (1998) Homer binds a novel proline-rich motif and links group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors with IP3 receptors. Neuron 21:717-726.
187. Ubogu EE, Cossoy MB, Ransohoff RM (2006) The expression and function of chemokines involved in CNS inflammation. Trends Pharmacol Sci 27:48-55.
188. Verkhratsky A, Orkand RK, Kettenmann H (1998) Glial calcium: homeostasis and signaling function. Physiol Rev 78:99-141.
189. Vesce S, Rossi D, Brambilla L, Volterra A (2007) Glutamate release from astrocytes in physiological conditions and in neurodegenerative disorders characterized by neuroinflammation. Int Rev Neurobiol 82:57-71.
190. Vila M, Jackson-Lewis V, Guegan C, Wu DC, Teismann P, Choi DK, Tieu K, Przedborski S (2001) The role of glial cells in Parkinson's disease. Curr Opin Neurol 14:483-489.
191. Volterra A, Meldolesi J (2005) Astrocytes, from brain glue to communication elements: The revolution continues. Nat Rev Neurosci 6:626-640.
192. 2+ signaling evoked by sensory stimulation in vivo. Nat Neurosci 9:816-823.
193. Warr O, Takahashi M, Attwell D (1999) Modulation of extracellular glutamate concentration in rat brain slices by cystine-glutamate exchange. J Physiol 514(Pt 3):783-793.
194. Wesselingh SL, Takahashi K, Glass JD, McArthur JC, Griffin JW, Griffin DE (1997) Cellular localization of tumor necrosis factor mRNA in neurological tissue from HIV-infected patients by combined reverse transcriptase/polymerase chain reaction in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. J Neuroimmunol 74:1-8.
195. Winship IR, Plaa N, Murphy TH (2007) Rapid astrocyte calcium signals correlate with neuronal activity and onset of the hemodynamic response in vivo. J Neurosci 27:6268-6272.
196. 2+ store depletion causes STIM1 to accumulate in ER regions closely associated with the plasma membrane. J Cell Biol 174:803-813.
197. Wyss-Coray T (2006) Inflammation in Alzheimer disease: driving force, bystander or beneficial response? Nat Med 12:1005-1015.
198. Xiao B, Tu JC, Petralia RS, Yuan JP, Doan A, Breder CD, Ruggiero A, Lanahan AA, Wenthold RJ, Worley PF (1998) Homer regulates the association of group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors with multivalent complexes of homer-related, synaptic proteins. Neuron 21:707-716.
199. Ye ZC, Wyeth MS, Baltan-Tekkok S, Ransom BR (2003) Functional hemichannels in astrocytes: A novel mechanism of glutamate release. J Neurosci 23:3588-3596.
200. Yoshimura T, Matsushima K, Tanaka S, Robinson EA, Appella E, Oppenheim JJ, Leonard EJ (1987) Purification of a human monocyte-derived neutrophil chemotactic factor that has peptide sequence similarity to other host defense cytokines. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84:9233-9237.
201. Zenisek D, Steyer JA, Almers W (2000) Transport, capture and exocytosis of single synaptic vesicles at active zones. Nature 406:849-854.
202. Zenisek D, Steyer JA, Feldman ME, Almers W (2002) A membrane marker leaves synaptic vesicles in milliseconds after exocytosis in retinal bipolar cells. Neuron 35:1085-1097.
203. Zhang L, He T, Talal A, Wang G, Frankel SS, Ho DD (1998) In vivo distribution of the human immunodeficiency virus/simian immunodeficiency virus coreceptors: CXCR4, CCR3, and CCR5. J Virol 72:5035-5045.
204. Zhang Q, Fukuda M, Van Bockstaele E, Pascual O, Haydon PG (2004a) Synaptotagmin IV regulates glial glutamate release. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101:9441-9446.
205. Zhang Q, Pangrsic T, Kreft M, Krzan M, Li N, Sul JY, Halassa M, Van Bockstaele E, Zorec R, Haydon PG (2004b) Fusion-related release of glutamate from astrocytes. J Biol Chem 279:12724-12733.