HIV-1 entry inhibitors: Evading the issue

Nature Medicine

Volumn 5, Issue 7, 1999, Pages 740-742

  Michael, Nelson L ^a   Moore, John P ^b  

^a WALTER REED ARMY INSTITUTE OF RESEARCH   (United States)

^b ROCKEFELLER UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

PROTEINASE INHIBITOR;

ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SHORT SURVEY; VIRUS CELL INTERACTION; VIRUS REPLICATION; VIRUS TRANSMISSION;

ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; ANTI-HIV AGENTS; CD4-POSITIVE T-LYMPHOCYTES; DRUG DESIGN; HIV-1; HUMANS; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; RECEPTORS, CCR5; RECEPTORS, CXCR4;

HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1;

EID: 0033057961     PISSN: 10788956     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/10462     Document Type: Short Survey

References (23)

1. Finzi, D. et al. Latent infection of CD4+ T-cells provides a mechanism for lifelong persistence of HIV-1, even in patients on effective combination therapy. Nature Med. 5, 512-517 (1999).
2. Kilby, J.M. et al. Potent suppression of HIV-1 replication in humans by T-20, a peptide inhibitor of gp41-mediated virus entry. Nature Med. 4, 1302-1307 (1998).
3. Berger, E.A. HIV entry and tropism: the chemokine receptor connection. AIDS 11, S3-16 (1997).
4. Berger, E.A. et al. A new classification for HIV-1. Nature 391, (1999).
5. Richman, D.D. & Bozzette, S.A. The impact of the syncytium-inducing phenotype of human immunodeficiency virus on disease progression. J. Infect. Dis. 169, 968-974 (1994).
6. Kimata, J.T. et al. Emerging cytopathic and antigenic simian immunodeficiency virus variants influence AIDS progression. Nature Med. 5, 535-541 (1999).
7. Simmons, G. et al. Primary, syncytium-inducing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates are dual-tropic and most can use either Lestr or CCR5 as coreceptors for virus entry. J. Virol. 70, 8355-8360 (1996).
8. Choe, H. et al. The β-chemokine receptors CCR3 and CCR5 facilitate infection by primary HIV-1 isolates. Cell 85, 1135-1148 (1996).
9. Perelson, A.S. et al. HIV-1 dynamics in vivo: virion clearance rate, infected cell life-span, and viral generation time. Science 271, 1582-1586 (1996).
10. Cornelissen, M. et al. Syncytium-inducing (SI) phenotype suppression at seroconversion after intramuscular inoculation of a non-syncytium-inducing/SI phenotypically mixed human immunodeficiency virus population. J. Virol. 69, 1810-1818 (1995).
11. Lathey, J.L., Pratt, R.D. & Spector, S.A. Appearance of autologous neutralizing antibody correlates with reduction in virus load and phenotype switch during primary infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J. Infect. Dis. 175, 231-232 (1997).
12. Trkola, A. et al. Neutralization sensitivity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 primary isolates to antibodies and CD4-based reagents is independent of coreceptor usage. J. Virol. 72, 1876-1885 (1998).
13. Bleul, C.C. et al. The HIV coreceptors CXCR4 and CCR5 are differentially expressed and regulated on human T lymphocytes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94, 1925-1930 (1997).
14. Grivel, J. & Margolis, L.B. CCR5-and CXCR4-tropic HIV-1 are equally cytopathic for their T-cell targets in human lymphoid tissue. Nature Med. 3, 344-346 (1999).
15. Dean, M. et al. Genetic restriction of HIV-1 infection and progression to AIDS by a deletion allele of the CKR5 structural gene. Science 273, 1856-1862 (1996).
16. Michael, N.L. et al. Exclusive and persistent use of the entry coreceptor CXCR4 by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 from a subject homozygous for CCR5 delta 32. J. Virol. 72, 6040-6047 (1998).
17. Zhang, Y. & Moore, J.P. Will multiple coreceptors need to be targeted by inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 entry? J. Virol. 73, 3443-3448 (1999).
18. Michael, N.L. et al. The role of viral phenotype and CCR-5 gene defects in HIV-1 transmission and disease progression. Nature Med. 3, 338-340 (1997).
19. Wu, L. et al. CCR5 levels and expression pattern correlate with infectability by macrophage-tropic HIV-1, in vitro. J. Exp. Med. 185, 1681-1691 (1997).
20. Mosier, D.E. et al. Highly potent RANTES analogues either prevent CCR5-using human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in vivo or rapidly select for CXCR4-using variants. J. Virol. 73, 3544-3550 (1999).
21. Gordon, C.J. et al. Enhancement of human immunodeficiency virus type1 infection by the CC-chemokine RANTES is independent of the mechanism of virus-cell fusion. J. Virol. 73, 684-694 (1999).
22. Donzella, G.A. et al. AMD3100, a small molecule inhibitor of HIV-1 entry via the CXCR4 co-receptor. Nature Med. 4, 72-77 (1998).
23. Baba, M. et al. A small-molecule, nonpeptide CCR5 antagonist with highly potent and selective anti-HIV-1 activity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96, 5698-5703 (1999).