Atomic force microscopy characterization and lithography of cu-ligated mercaptoalkanoic acid "molecular ruler" multilayers

Langmuir

Volumn 30, Issue 25, 2014, Pages 7447-7455

  Drexler, Chad I ^a   Moore, Kevin B ^a   Causey, Corey P ^a   Mullen, Thomas J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NORTH FLORIDA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY; COPPER; GOLD; LITHOGRAPHY; METAL IONS; SUBSTRATES;

BIOACTIVE SURFACES; CHEMICAL FUNCTIONALITY; CHEMICAL PATTERNING; MERCAPTOHEXADECANOIC ACID; MOLECULAR SELF ASSEMBLY; NANO-METER-SCALE; SEQUENTIAL DEPOSITION; TOPOGRAPHIC FEATURES;

MULTILAYERS;

EID: 84903748466     PISSN: 07437463     EISSN: 15205827     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/la501645w     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Love, J. C.; Estroff, L. A.; Kriebel, J. K.; Nuzzo, R. G.; Whitesides, G. M. Self-Assembled Monolayers of Thiolates on Metals as a Form of Nanotechnology Chem. Rev. 2005, 105, 1103-1169 (Pubitemid 40600878)
2. Claridge, S. A.; Liao, W.-S.; Thomas, J. C.; Zhao, Y.; Cao, H. H.; Cheunkar, S.; Serino, A. C.; Andrews, A. M.; Weiss, P. S. From the Bottom Up: Dimensional Control and Characterization in Molecular Monolayers Chem. Soc. Rev. 2013, 42, 2725-2745
3. Weiss, P. S. Functional Molecules and Assemblies in Controlled Environments: Formation and Measurements Acc. Chem. Res. 2008, 41, 1772-1781
4. Smith, R. K.; Lewis, P. A.; Weiss, P. S. Patterning Self-Assembled Monolayers Prog. Surf. Sci. 2004, 75, 1-68
5. Whitesides, G. M.; Ostuni, E.; Takayama, S.; Jiang, X. Y.; Ingber, D. E. Soft Lithography in Biology and Biochemistry Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. 2001, 3, 335-373 (Pubitemid 32928043)
6. Xia, Y. N.; Rogers, J. A.; Paul, K. E.; Whitesides, G. M. Unconventional Methods for Fabricating and Patterning Nanostructures Chem. Rev. 1999, 99, 1823-1848 (Pubitemid 129585162)
7. Kasemo, B. Biological Surface Science Surf. Sci. 2002, 500, 656-677 (Pubitemid 34222920)
8. Mantooth, B. A.; Weiss, P. S. Fabrication, Assembly, and Characterization of Molecular Electronic Components Proc. IEEE 2003, 91, 1785-1802 (Pubitemid 40890787)
9. Tirrell, M.; Kokkoli, E.; Biesalski, M. The Role of Surface Science in Bioengineered Materials Surf. Sci. 2002, 500, 61-83 (Pubitemid 34228499)
10. Pathem, B. K.; Claridge, S. A.; Zheng, Y. B.; Weiss, P. S. Molecular Switches and Motors on Surfaces Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 2013, 64, 605-630
11. Alivisatos, A. P.; Andrews, A. M.; Boyden, E. S.; Chun, M.; Church, G. M.; Deisseroth, K.; Donoghue, J. P.; Fraser, S. E.; Lippincott-Schwartz, J.; Looger, L. L.; Masmanidis, S.; McEuen, P. L.; Nurmikko, A. V.; Park, H.; Peterka, D. S.; Reid, C.; Roukes, M. L.; Scherer, A.; Schnitzer, M.; Sejnowski, T. J.; Shepard, K. L.; Tsao, D.; Turrigiano, G.; Weiss, P. S.; Xu, C.; Yuste, R.; Zhuang, X. W. Nanotools for Neuroscience and Brain Activity Mapping ACS Nano 2013, 7, 1850-1866
12. Johnson, S.; Evans, D.; Davies, A. G.; Linfield, E. H.; Walti, C. The Fabrication of Embedded Co-Planar Electrodes Using a Self-Assembled Monolayer Molecular Resist Nanotechnology 2009, 20, 155304
13. Gates, B. D.; Xu, Q. B.; Stewart, M.; Ryan, D.; Willson, C. G.; Whitesides, G. M. New Approaches to Nanofabrication: Molding, Printing, and Other Techniques Chem. Rev. 2005, 105, 1171-1196 (Pubitemid 40600879)
14. Mullen, T. J.; Srinivasan, C.; Shuster, M. J.; Horn, M. W.; Andrews, A. M.; Weiss, P. S. Hybrid Approaches to Nanometer-Scale Patterning: Exploiting Tailored Intermolecular Interactions J. Nanopart. Res. 2008, 10, 1231-1240
15. Saavedra, H. M.; Mullen, T. J.; Zhang, P.; Dewey, D. C.; Claridge, S. A.; Weiss, P. S. Hybrid Strategies in Nanolithography Rep. Prog. Phys. 2010, 73, 036501
16. Srinivasan, C.; Mullen, T. J.; Hohman, J. N.; Anderson, M. E.; Dameron, A. A.; Andrews, A. M.; Dickey, E. C.; Horn, M. W.; Weiss, P. S. Scanning Electron Microscopy of Nanoscale Chemical Patterns ACS Nano 2007, 1, 191-201
17. Anderson, M. E.; Srinivasan, C.; Hohman, J. N.; Carter, E. M.; Horn, M. W.; Weiss, P. S. Combining Conventional Lithography with Molecular Self-Assembly for Chemical Patterning Adv. Mater. 2006, 18, 3258-3260 (Pubitemid 46080223)
18. Anderson, M. E.; Mihok, M.; Tanaka, H.; Tan, L. P.; Horn, M. W.; McCarty, G. S.; Weiss, P. S. Hybrid Approaches to Nanolithography: Photolithographic Structures with Precise, Controllable Nanometer-Scale Spacings Created by Molecular Rulers Adv. Mater. 2006, 18, 1020-1022
19. Anderson, M. E.; Smith, R. K.; Donhauser, Z. J.; Hatzor, A.; Lewis, P. A.; Tan, L. P.; Tanaka, H.; Horn, M. W.; Weiss, P. S. Exploiting Intermolecular Interactions and Self-Assembly for Ultrahigh Resolution Nanolithography J. Vac. Sci. Technol., B 2002, 20, 2739-2744 (Pubitemid 36072495)
20. Anderson, M. E.; Srinivasan, C.; Jayaraman, R.; Weiss, P. S.; Horn, M. W. Utilizing Self-Assembled Multilayers in Lithographic Processing for Nanostructure Fabrication: Initial Evaluation of the Electrical Integrity of Nanogaps Microelectron. Eng. 2005, 78-79, 248-252 (Pubitemid 40370970)
21. Anderson, M. E.; Tan, L. P.; Tanaka, H.; Mihok, M.; Lee, H.; Horn, M. W.; Weiss, P. S. Advances in Nanolithography Using Molecular Rulers J. Vac. Sci. Technol., B 2003, 21, 3116-3119
22. Hatzor, A.; Weiss, P. S. Molecular Rulers for Scaling Down Nanostructures Science 2001, 291, 1019-1020 (Pubitemid 32157406)
23. McCarty, G. S. Molecular Lithography for Wafer-Scale Fabrication of Molecular Junctions Nano Lett. 2004, 4, 1391-1394 (Pubitemid 39186320)
24. Srinivasan, C.; Anderson, M. E.; Carter, E. M.; Hohman, J. N.; Bharadwaja, S. S. N.; Trolier-McKinstry, S.; Weiss, P. S.; Horn, M. W. Extensions of Molecular Ruler Technology for Nanoscale Patterning J. Vac. Sci. Technol., B 2006, 24, 3200-3204 (Pubitemid 44866497)
25. Srinivasan, C.; Hohman, J. N.; Anderson, M. E.; Weiss, P. S.; Horn, M. W. Nanostructures Using Self-Assembled Multilayers as Molecular Rulers and Etch Resists J. Vac. Sci. Technol., B 2007, 25, 1985-1988 (Pubitemid 350255822)
26. Srinivasan, C.; Hohman, J. N.; Anderson, M. E.; Weiss, P. S.; Horn, M. W. Sub-30-nm Patterning on Quartz for Imprint Lithography Templates Appl. Phys. Lett. 2008, 93
27. Tanaka, H.; Anderson, M. E.; Horn, M. W.; Weiss, P. S. Position-Selected Molecular Ruler Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Part 2 2004, 43, L950-L953
28. Li, C. B.; Hasegawa, T.; Tanaka, H.; Miyazaki, H.; Odaka, S.; Tsukagoshi, K.; Aono, M. Toward Sub-20 nm Hybrid Nanofabrication by Combining the Molecular Ruler Method and Electron Beam Lithography Nanotechnology 2010, 21, 495304
29. McCarty, G. S.; Moody, B.; Zachek, M. K. Enhancing Electrochemical Detection by Scaling Solid State Nanogaps J. Electroanal. Chem. 2010, 643, 9-14
30. Evans, S. D.; Ulman, A.; Goppertberarducci, K. E.; Gerenser, L. J. Self-Assembled Multilayers of Omega-Mercaptoalkanoic Acids-Selective Ionic Interactions J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 5866-5868
31. Brust, M.; Blass, P. M.; Bard, A. J. Self-Assembly of Photoluminescent Copper(I)-Dithiol Multilayer Thin Films and Bulk Materials Langmuir 1997, 13, 5602-5607 (Pubitemid 127591957)
32. Daniel, T. A.; Uppili, S.; McCarty, G.; Allara, D. L. Effects of Molecular Structure and Interfacial Ligation on the Precision of Cu-Bound Alpha,Omega-Mercaptoalkanoic Acid "Molecular Ruler" Stacks Langmuir 2007, 23, 638-648 (Pubitemid 46226574)
33. Johnson, S.; Chan, J.; Evans, D.; Davies, A. G.; Waelti, C. Effect of Chain Length on the Assembly of Mercaptoalkanoic Acid Multilayer Films Ligated through Divalent Cu Ions Langmuir 2011, 27, 1033-1037
34. Johnson, S.; Bronowska, A.; Chan, J.; Evans, D.; Davies, A. G.; Waelti, C. Redox-Induced Conformational Change in Mercaptoalkanoic Acid Multilayer Films Langmuir 2012, 28, 6632-6637
35. Lee, C.; Josephs, E. A.; Shao, J.; Ye, T. Nanoscale Chemical Patterns on Gold Microplates J. Phys. Chem. C 2012, 116, 17625-17632
36. 2)(N)Cooh Self-Assembled Monolayers Analyst 2011, 136, 4935-4949
37. Kelley, A. T.; Ngunjiri, J. N.; Serem, W. K.; Lawrence, S. O.; Yu, J.-J.; Crowe, W. E.; Garno, J. C. Applying AFM-Based Nanofabrication for Measuring the Thickness of Nanopatterns: The Role of Head Groups in the Vertical Self-Assembly of Omega-Functionalized n-Alkanethiols Langmuir 2010, 26, 3040-3049
38. Hutter, J. L.; Bechhoefer, J. Calibration of Atomic-Force Microscope Tips Rev. Sci. Instrum. 1993, 64, 1868-1873
39. Ngunjiri, J. N.; Kelley, A. T.; LeJeune, Z. M.; Li, J.-R.; Lewandowski, B. R.; Serem, W. K.; Daniels, S. L.; Lusker, K. L.; Garno, J. C. Achieving Precision and Reproducibility for Writing Patterns of n-alkanethiol Self-Assembled Monolayers with Automated Nanografting Scanning 2008, 30, 123-136 (Pubitemid 351555607)
40. Knapp, H. F.; Stemmer, A. Preparation, Comparison and Performance of Hydrophobic AFM Tips Surf. Interface Anal. 1999, 27, 324-331
41. Garno, J. C.; Zangmeister, C. D.; Batteas, J. D. Directed Electroless Growth of Metal Nanostructures on Patterned Self-Assembled Monolayers Langmuir 2007, 23, 7874-7879 (Pubitemid 47116458)
42. Sirghi, L.; Kylian, O.; Gilliland, D.; Ceccone, G.; Rossi, F. Cleaning and Hydrophilization of Atomic Force Microscopy Silicon Probes J. Phys. Chem. B 2006, 110, 25975-25981 (Pubitemid 46133313)
43. Liu, G. Y.; Xu, S.; Qian, Y. L. Nanofabrication of Self-Assembled Monolayers Using Scanning Probe Lithography Acc. Chem. Res. 2000, 33, 457-466
44. Xu, S.; Liu, G. Y. Nanometer-Scale Fabrication by Simultaneous Nanoshaving and Molecular Self-Assembly Langmuir 1997, 13, 127-129 (Pubitemid 127591907)
45. Xu, S.; Laibinis, P. E.; Liu, G. Y. Accelerating the Kinetics of Thiol Self-Assembly on Gold-A Spatial Confinement Effect J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 9356-9361 (Pubitemid 28452710)
46. Shao, J.; Josephs, E. A.; Lee, C.; Lopez, A.; Ye, T. Electrochemical Etching of Gold within Nanoshaved Self-Assembled Monolayers ACS Nano 2013, 7, 5421-5429
47. Yu, J.-H.; Ngunjiri, J. N.; Kelley, A. T.; Gano, J. C. Nanografting Versus Solution Self-Assembly of Alpha,Omega-Alkanedithiols on Au(111) Investigated by AFM Langmuir 2008, 24, 11661-11668
48. Azzaroni, O.; Vela, M. E.; Fonticelli, M.; Benitez, G.; Carro, P.; Blum, B.; Salvarezza, R. C. Electrodesorption Potentials of Self-Assembled Alkanethiolate Monolayers on Copper Electrodes. An Experimental and Theoretical Study J. Phys. Chem. B 2003, 107, 13446-13454
49. Laibinis, P. E.; Whitesides, G. M.; Allara, D. L.; Tao, Y. T.; Parikh, A. N.; Nuzzo, R. G. Comparison of the Structures and Wetting Properties of Self-Assembled Monolayers of Normal-Alkanethiols on the Coinage Metal-Surfaces, Cu, Ag, Au J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 7152-7167
50. Nuzzo, R. G.; Zegarski, B. R.; Dubois, L. H. Fundamental Studies of the Chemisorption of Organosulfur Compounds on Au(111). Implications for Molecular Self-Assembly on Gold Surfaces J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 733-740