메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 33, Issue 2, 2014, Pages

Gender stereotypes as a double-edged sword in political advertising: Persuasion effects of campaign theme and advertising style

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 84901816744     PISSN: 02650487     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (28)

References (89)
  • 2
    • 0018398298 scopus 로고
    • Sex stereotypes and implicit personality theory: Towards a cognitive-social psychological conceptualization
    • Ashmore, R. & Boca, F.D. (1979) Sex stereotypes and implicit personality theory: towards a cognitive-social psychological conceptualization. Sex Roles, 5(2), 219-248.
    • (1979) Sex Roles , vol.5 , Issue.2 , pp. 219-248
    • Ashmore, R.1    Boca, F.D.2
  • 3
    • 70349274713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A gendered influence in campaign debates? Analysis of mixed-gender United States senate and gubernatorial debates
    • Banwart, M.C. & McKinney, M.S. (2005) A gendered influence in campaign debates? Analysis of mixed-gender United States senate and gubernatorial debates. Communication Studies, 56(4), 353-373.
    • (2005) Communication Studies , vol.56 , Issue.4 , pp. 353-373
    • Banwart, M.C.1    McKinney, M.S.2
  • 4
    • 33645119794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Barbara Lee Family Foundation, Cambridge: Barbara Lee Family Foundation
    • Barbara Lee Family Foundation (2002) Speaking with Authority. Cambridge: Barbara Lee Family Foundation.
    • (2002) Speaking With Authority
  • 5
    • 84928848746 scopus 로고
    • Political knowledge and communication resources
    • Berkowitz, D. & Pritchard, D. (1989) Political knowledge and communication resources. Journalism Quarterly, 66(3), 697-701.
    • (1989) Journalism Quarterly , vol.66 , Issue.3 , pp. 697-701
    • Berkowitz, D.1    Pritchard, D.2
  • 6
    • 38049113594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychophysiological and memory effects of negative political ads
    • Bradley, S.D., Angelini, J.R. & Lee, S. (2007) Psychophysiological and memory effects of negative political ads. Journal of Advertising, 36 (4), 115-127.
    • (2007) Journal of Advertising , vol.36 , Issue.4 , pp. 115-127
    • Bradley, S.D.1    Angelini, J.R.2    Lee, S.3
  • 7
    • 85053576754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are women candidates transforming campaign communication? A comparison of advertising videostyles in the 1990s
    • In C.R. Rosenthal (ed.), Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press
    • Bystrom, D. & Kaid, L.L. (2002) Are women candidates transforming campaign communication? A comparison of advertising videostyles in the 1990s. In C.R. Rosenthal (ed.) Women Transforming Congress. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 489-504.
    • (2002) Women Transforming Congress , pp. 489-504
    • Bystrom, D.1    Kaid, L.L.2
  • 9
    • 85050422211 scopus 로고
    • The year of the woman? Candidates, voters, and the 1992 elections
    • Carpini, M.D. & Fuchs, E. (1993) The year of the woman? Candidates, voters, and the 1992 elections. Political Science Quarterly, 108(1), 29-36.
    • (1993) Political Science Quarterly , vol.108 , Issue.1 , pp. 29-36
    • Carpini, M.D.1    Fuchs, E.2
  • 11
    • 84901771928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The advantages and disadvantages of being a female candidate in elections-an exploration of the 1997 Taipei county magistrate election
    • Chang, C. (1999) The advantages and disadvantages of being a female candidate in elections-an exploration of the 1997 Taipei county magistrate election. Journal of Electoral Studies, 6(1), 111-142.
    • (1999) Journal of Electoral Studies , vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp. 111-142
    • Chang, C.1
  • 12
    • 2442448288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Party bias in political-advertising processing: Results from an experiment involving the 1998 Taipei mayoral election
    • Chang, C. (2003) Party bias in political-advertising processing: results from an experiment involving the 1998 Taipei mayoral election. Journal of Advertising, 32(2), 55-67.
    • (2003) Journal of Advertising , vol.32 , Issue.2 , pp. 55-67
    • Chang, C.1
  • 13
    • 4444300255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When does gender count? Further insights into gender schematic processing of female candidates' political advertisements
    • Chang, C. & Hitchon, J.B. (2004) When does gender count? Further insights into gender schematic processing of female candidates' political advertisements. Sex Roles, 51(3/4), 197-208.
    • (2004) Sex Roles , vol.51 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 197-208
    • Chang, C.1    Hitchon, J.B.2
  • 14
    • 84857392543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fair and lovely: Building an integrated model to examine how peer influence mediates the effects of skin-lightening advertisements on college women in Singapore
    • Chia, S.C., Chay, Y.T., Cheong, P.K., Cheong, W.Y. & Lee, S.K. (2012) Fair and lovely: building an integrated model to examine how peer influence mediates the effects of skin-lightening advertisements on college women in Singapore. International Journal of Advertising, 31(1), 189-211.
    • (2012) International Journal of Advertising , vol.31 , Issue.1 , pp. 189-211
    • Chia, S.C.1    Chay, Y.T.2    Cheong, P.K.3    Cheong, W.Y.4    Lee, S.K.5
  • 15
    • 84965559115 scopus 로고
    • Media use, issue/image discriminations, and voting
    • Choi, H.C. & Becker, S.L. (1987) Media use, issue/image discriminations, and voting. Communication Research, 14(3), 267-291.
    • (1987) Communication Research , vol.14 , Issue.3 , pp. 267-291
    • Choi, H.C.1    Becker, S.L.2
  • 16
    • 0041141102 scopus 로고
    • Electoral systems and women's representation in Taiwan: The impact of the reserved-seat system
    • In R. Wilma & J.F. Zimmerman (eds), Westport, CT: Greenwood Press
    • Chou, B.-E. & Clark, J. (1994) Electoral systems and women's representation in Taiwan: the impact of the reserved-seat system. In R. Wilma & J.F. Zimmerman (eds) Electoral Systems in Comparative Perspective: Their Impact on Women and Minorities. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 161-170.
    • (1994) Electoral Systems In Comparative Perspective: Their Impact On Women and Minorities , pp. 161-170
    • Chou, B.-E.1    Clark, J.2
  • 17
    • 7444238855 scopus 로고
    • Prior familiarity, perceived bias and one-sided versus two-sided communications
    • Chu, G. (1967) Prior familiarity, perceived bias and one-sided versus two-sided communications. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 3(3), 243-254.
    • (1967) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.3 , Issue.3 , pp. 243-254
    • Chu, G.1
  • 18
    • 85055297630 scopus 로고
    • Ambition, activist role orientations, and alienation among women legislators in Taiwan: The impact of counter socialization
    • Clark, C., Clark, J. & Chou, B. (1993) Ambition, activist role orientations, and alienation among women legislators in Taiwan: the impact of counter socialization. Political Psychology, 14(3), 493-510.
    • (1993) Political Psychology , vol.14 , Issue.3 , pp. 493-510
    • Clark, C.1    Clark, J.2    Chou, B.3
  • 19
    • 84901752548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The reserved seats system in Taiwan
    • In R.J. Lee & C. Clark (eds), Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner
    • Clark, J. & Clark, C. (2000) The reserved seats system in Taiwan. In R.J. Lee & C. Clark (eds) Democracy and the Status of Women in East Asia. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 61-76.
    • (2000) Democracy and The Status of Women In East Asia , pp. 61-76
    • Clark, J.1    Clark, C.2
  • 20
    • 1442281871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Targeted' advertising and voter turnout: An experimental study of the 2000 presidential election
    • Clinton, J. & Lapinski, J. (2004) 'Targeted' advertising and voter turnout: an experimental study of the 2000 presidential election. Journal of Politics, 66(1), 69-96.
    • (2004) Journal of Politics , vol.66 , Issue.1 , pp. 69-96
    • Clinton, J.1    Lapinski, J.2
  • 21
    • 0038407565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fear appeals motivate acceptance of action recommendations: Evidence for a positive bias in the processing of persuasive messages
    • Das, E., de Wit, J. & Stroebe, W. (2003) Fear appeals motivate acceptance of action recommendations: evidence for a positive bias in the processing of persuasive messages. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29(5), 650-664.
    • (2003) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.29 , Issue.5 , pp. 650-664
    • Das, E.1    de Wit, J.2    Stroebe, W.3
  • 24
    • 84959953542 scopus 로고
    • The role of gender in 'attack ads': Revisiting negative political advertising
    • Dinzes, D., Cozzens, M.D. & Manross, G.G. (1994) The role of gender in 'attack ads': revisiting negative political advertising. Communication Research Reports, 11(1), 67-75.
    • (1994) Communication Research Reports , vol.11 , Issue.1 , pp. 67-75
    • Dinzes, D.1    Cozzens, M.D.2    Manross, G.G.3
  • 25
    • 0039696092 scopus 로고
    • Negative political advertising and voting intent: The role of involvement and alternative information sources
    • Faber, R.J., Tims, A.R. & Schmitt, K.G. (1993) Negative political advertising and voting intent: the role of involvement and alternative information sources. Journal of Advertising, 22(4), 67-76.
    • (1993) Journal of Advertising , vol.22 , Issue.4 , pp. 67-76
    • Faber, R.J.1    Tims, A.R.2    Schmitt, K.G.3
  • 27
    • 1942473813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Entering the arena? Gender and the decision to run for office
    • Fox, R.L. & Lawless, J.L. (2004) Entering the arena? Gender and the decision to run for office. American Journal of Political Science, 48(2), 264-280.
    • (2004) American Journal of Political Science , vol.48 , Issue.2 , pp. 264-280
    • Fox, R.L.1    Lawless, J.L.2
  • 28
    • 0032089415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of candidate sex in voter decision-making
    • Fox, R.L. & Smith, E. (1998) The role of candidate sex in voter decision-making. Political Psychology, 19(2), 405-415.
    • (1998) Political Psychology , vol.19 , Issue.2 , pp. 405-415
    • Fox, R.L.1    Smith, E.2
  • 29
    • 61349153074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bad for men, better for women: The impact of stereotypes during negative campaigns
    • Fridkin, K.L., Kenney, P.J. & Woodall, G.S. (2009) Bad for men, better for women: the impact of stereotypes during negative campaigns. Political Behavior, 31(1), 53-77.
    • (2009) Political Behavior , vol.31 , Issue.1 , pp. 53-77
    • Fridkin, K.L.1    Kenney, P.J.2    Woodall, G.S.3
  • 30
    • 0002643554 scopus 로고
    • Issues versus image orientation and effects of political advertising
    • Garramone, G. (1983) Issues versus image orientation and effects of political advertising. Communication Research, 10(1), 59-76.
    • (1983) Communication Research , vol.10 , Issue.1 , pp. 59-76
    • Garramone, G.1
  • 31
    • 84869251751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Taiwan in 2008: My kingdom for a horse
    • Gold, T.B. (2009) Taiwan in 2008: my kingdom for a horse. Asian Survey, 49(1), 88-97.
    • (2009) Asian Survey , vol.49 , Issue.1 , pp. 88-97
    • Gold, T.B.1
  • 32
    • 0038802474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is negative advertising effective for female candidates? An experiment in voters' uses of gender stereotypes
    • Gordon, A., Shafie, D. & Crigler, A. (2003) Is negative advertising effective for female candidates? An experiment in voters' uses of gender stereotypes. Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics, 8(3), 35-53.
    • (2003) Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 35-53
    • Gordon, A.1    Shafie, D.2    Crigler, A.3
  • 33
    • 0000513339 scopus 로고
    • Audience involvement in advertising: Four levels
    • Greenwald, A.G. & Leavitt, C. (1984) Audience involvement in advertising: four levels. Journal of Consumer Research, 11(1), 581-592.
    • (1984) Journal of Consumer Research , vol.11 , Issue.1 , pp. 581-592
    • Greenwald, A.G.1    Leavitt, C.2
  • 35
    • 84865184977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vanishing acts: Creative women in Spain and the United States
    • Grow, J., Roca, D. & Broyles, S.J. (2012) Vanishing acts: creative women in Spain and the United States. International Journal of Advertising, 31(3), 657-679.
    • (2012) International Journal of Advertising , vol.31 , Issue.3 , pp. 657-679
    • Grow, J.1    Roca, D.2    Broyles, S.J.3
  • 36
    • 0032222198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attack politics in presidential nomination campaigns: An examination of the frequency and determinants of intermediated negative messages against opponents
    • Haynes, A. & Rhine, S. (1998) Attack politics in presidential nomination campaigns: an examination of the frequency and determinants of intermediated negative messages against opponents. Political Research Quarterly, 51(3), 691-721.
    • (1998) Political Research Quarterly , vol.51 , Issue.3 , pp. 691-721
    • Haynes, A.1    Rhine, S.2
  • 37
    • 84865179547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impacts of advertisements that are unfriendly to women and men
    • Hellemont, C.V. & Van den Bulck, H. (2012) Impacts of advertisements that are unfriendly to women and men. International Journal of Advertising, 31(3), 623-656.
    • (2012) International Journal of Advertising , vol.31 , Issue.3 , pp. 623-656
    • Hellemont, C.V.1    Van den Bulck, H.2
  • 38
    • 29344444509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The fairer sex? Gender and negative campaigning in US elections
    • Herrnson, P.S. & Lucas, J.C. (2006) The fairer sex? Gender and negative campaigning in US elections. American Politics Research, 34(1), 69-94.
    • (2006) American Politics Research , vol.34 , Issue.1 , pp. 69-94
    • Herrnson, P.S.1    Lucas, J.C.2
  • 39
    • 0037322769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Women running 'as women': Candidate gender, campaign issues, and voter-targeting strategies
    • Herrnson, P.S., Lay, C. & Stokes, A.K. (2003) Women running 'as women': candidate gender, campaign issues, and voter-targeting strategies. Journal of Politics, 65(1), 244-255.
    • (2003) Journal of Politics , vol.65 , Issue.1 , pp. 244-255
    • Herrnson, P.S.1    Lay, C.2    Stokes, A.K.3
  • 40
    • 0039647012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Should women emote? Perceptual bias and opinion change in response to political ads for candidates of different genders
    • Hitchon, J., Chang, C. & Harris, R. (1997) Should women emote? Perceptual bias and opinion change in response to political ads for candidates of different genders. Political Communication, 14(1), 49-69.
    • (1997) Political Communication , vol.14 , Issue.1 , pp. 49-69
    • Hitchon, J.1    Chang, C.2    Harris, R.3
  • 41
    • 0007340816 scopus 로고
    • Attitudinal effects of character-based versus competence-based negative political communication
    • Homer, P. & Batra, R. (1994) Attitudinal effects of character-based versus competence-based negative political communication. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 3(2), 163-185.
    • (1994) Journal of Consumer Psychology , vol.3 , Issue.2 , pp. 163-185
    • Homer, P.1    Batra, R.2
  • 42
    • 0002044896 scopus 로고
    • Message framing and the interrelationships among ad-based feelings, affect, and cognition
    • Homer, P. & Yoon, S.G. (1992) Message framing and the interrelationships among ad-based feelings, affect, and cognition. Journal of Advertising, 21(1), 19-33.
    • (1992) Journal of Advertising , vol.21 , Issue.1 , pp. 19-33
    • Homer, P.1    Yoon, S.G.2
  • 43
    • 0038703501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An investigation of the gender stereotyped thinking of Taiwanese secondary school boys and girls
    • Hong, Z.R., Veach, P.M. & Lawrenz, F. (2003) An investigation of the gender stereotyped thinking of Taiwanese secondary school boys and girls. Sex Roles, 48(11/12), 495-504.
    • (2003) Sex Roles , vol.48 , Issue.11-12 , pp. 495-504
    • Hong, Z.R.1    Veach, P.M.2    Lawrenz, F.3
  • 44
    • 85050726620 scopus 로고
    • The consequences of gender stereotypes for women candidates at different levels and types of office
    • Huddy, L. & Terkildsen, N. (1993a) The consequences of gender stereotypes for women candidates at different levels and types of office. Political Research Quarterly, 46(3), 503-525.
    • (1993) Political Research Quarterly , vol.46 , Issue.3 , pp. 503-525
    • Huddy, L.1    Terkildsen, N.2
  • 45
    • 85055309612 scopus 로고
    • Gender stereotypes and perceptions of male and female candidates
    • Huddy, L. & Terkildsen, N. (1993b) Gender stereotypes and perceptions of male and female candidates. American Journal of Political Science, 37(1), 119-147.
    • (1993) American Journal of Political Science , vol.37 , Issue.1 , pp. 119-147
    • Huddy, L.1    Terkildsen, N.2
  • 46
    • 0033656016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New perspectives and evidence on political communication and campaign effects
    • Iyengar, S. & Simon, A. (2000) New perspectives and evidence on political communication and campaign effects. Annual Review of Psychology, 51(1), 149-169.
    • (2000) Annual Review of Psychology , vol.51 , Issue.1 , pp. 149-169
    • Iyengar, S.1    Simon, A.2
  • 47
    • 0002280845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Running as a woman: Gender stereotyping in women's campaigns
    • In P. Norris (ed.), New York, NY: Oxford University Press
    • Iyengar, S., Valentino, N., Ansolabehere, S. & Simon, A. (1997) Running as a woman: gender stereotyping in women's campaigns. In P. Norris (ed.) Women, Media, and Politics. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 77-89.
    • (1997) Women, Media, and Politics , pp. 77-89
    • Iyengar, S.1    Valentino, N.2    Ansolabehere, S.3    Simon, A.4
  • 48
    • 79958137788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeting without alienating: Multicultural advertising and the subtleties of targeted advertising
    • Johnson, S.D. & Grier, S.A. (2011) Targeting without alienating: multicultural advertising and the subtleties of targeted advertising. International Journal of Advertising, 30(2), 233-258.
    • (2011) International Journal of Advertising , vol.30 , Issue.2 , pp. 233-258
    • Johnson, S.D.1    Grier, S.A.2
  • 50
    • 0001202365 scopus 로고
    • Communication styles and female candidates: A study of the political advertising during the 1986 senate elections
    • Johnson-Cartee, K. & White, A. (1994) Communication styles and female candidates: a study of the political advertising during the 1986 senate elections. Journalism Quarterly, 71(2), 321-329.
    • (1994) Journalism Quarterly , vol.71 , Issue.2 , pp. 321-329
    • Johnson-Cartee, K.1    White, A.2
  • 52
    • 85050414518 scopus 로고
    • Gender differences in campaign messages: The political advertisements of men and women candidates for US Senate
    • Kahn, K.F. (1993) Gender differences in campaign messages: the political advertisements of men and women candidates for US Senate. Political Research Quarterly, 46(3), 481-502.
    • (1993) Political Research Quarterly , vol.46 , Issue.3 , pp. 481-502
    • Kahn, K.F.1
  • 54
  • 55
    • 84929669886 scopus 로고
    • Negative versus positive television advertising in presidential campaigns, 1960-1988
    • Kaid, L.L. & Johnston, A. (1991) Negative versus positive television advertising in presidential campaigns, 1960-1988. Journal of Communication, 41(3), 53-64.
    • (1991) Journal of Communication , vol.41 , Issue.3 , pp. 53-64
    • Kaid, L.L.1    Johnston, A.2
  • 56
    • 0038265048 scopus 로고
    • Two-sided versus one-sided appeals: A cognitive perspective on argumentation, source derogation, and effects of disconfirming trail on belief change
    • Kamins, M. & Assael, H. (1978) Two-sided versus one-sided appeals: a cognitive perspective on argumentation, source derogation, and effects of disconfirming trail on belief change. Journal of Marketing Research, 24(1), 29-39.
    • (1978) Journal of Marketing Research , vol.24 , Issue.1 , pp. 29-39
    • Kamins, M.1    Assael, H.2
  • 58
    • 0040318878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Candidate gender and assessments of senate candidate
    • Koch, J. (1999) Candidate gender and assessments of senate candidate. Social Science Quarterly, 80(1), 84-96.
    • (1999) Social Science Quarterly , vol.80 , Issue.1 , pp. 84-96
    • Koch, J.1
  • 59
    • 0036006526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of negative campaigning in US Senate elections
    • Lau, R.R. & Pomper, G. (2002) Effectiveness of negative campaigning in US Senate elections. American Journal of Political Science, 46(1), 47-66.
    • (2002) American Journal of Political Science , vol.46 , Issue.1 , pp. 47-66
    • Lau, R.R.1    Pomper, G.2
  • 60
    • 84909268492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electoral reform and women's empowerment: Taiwan and South Korea
    • In R.J. Lee & C. Clark (eds), Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner
    • Lee, R.J. (2000) Electoral reform and women's empowerment: Taiwan and South Korea. In R.J. Lee & C. Clark (eds) Democracy and the Status of Women in East Asia. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 848-857.
    • (2000) Democracy and The Status of Women In East Asia , pp. 848-857
    • Lee, R.J.1
  • 63
    • 84971870915 scopus 로고
    • Putting Scandinavian equality to the test: An experimental evaluation of gender stereotyping of political candidates in a sample of Norwegian voters
    • Matland, R.E. (1994) Putting Scandinavian equality to the test: an experimental evaluation of gender stereotyping of political candidates in a sample of Norwegian voters. British Journal of Political Science, 24(2), 273-292.
    • (1994) British Journal of Political Science , vol.24 , Issue.2 , pp. 273-292
    • Matland, R.E.1
  • 64
    • 0002730211 scopus 로고
    • Theoretical foundations of campaigns
    • In R.E. Rice & C.K. Atkin (eds), 2nd edn). Newbury Park, CA: Sage
    • McGuire, W.J. (1989) Theoretical foundations of campaigns. In R.E. Rice & C.K. Atkin (eds) Public Communication Campaigns (2nd edn). Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 43-65.
    • (1989) Public Communication Campaigns , pp. 43-65
    • McGuire, W.J.1
  • 65
    • 0040076599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive responses to negative and comparative political advertising
    • Meirick, P. (2002) Cognitive responses to negative and comparative political advertising. Journal of Advertising, 31(1), 49-62.
    • (2002) Journal of Advertising , vol.31 , Issue.1 , pp. 49-62
    • Meirick, P.1
  • 67
    • 13444259667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Boy talk/girl talk: Gender differences in campaign communications strategies
    • Panagopoulos, C. (2004) Boy talk/girl talk: gender differences in campaign communications strategies. Women and Politics, 26(3/4), 131-151.
    • (2004) Women and Politics , vol.26 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 131-151
    • Panagopoulos, C.1
  • 68
    • 84953995090 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of inoculation strategies in promoting resistance to political attack messages: Application to direct mail
    • Pfau, M., Nitz, M. & Sorenson, J. (1990) Efficacy of inoculation strategies in promoting resistance to political attack messages: application to direct mail. Communication Monographs, 57(1), 25-43.
    • (1990) Communication Monographs , vol.57 , Issue.1 , pp. 25-43
    • Pfau, M.1    Nitz, M.2    Sorenson, J.3
  • 69
    • 0346538760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of negative comparative political advertising on candidate evaluation and advertising evaluations: An exploration
    • Pinkleton, B. (1997) The effects of negative comparative political advertising on candidate evaluation and advertising evaluations: an exploration. Journal of Advertising, 26(1), 19-29.
    • (1997) Journal of Advertising , vol.26 , Issue.1 , pp. 19-29
    • Pinkleton, B.1
  • 70
    • 0040670126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An exploration of the effects of negative political advertising on political decision making
    • Pinkleton, B., Um, N. & Austin, W. (2002) An exploration of the effects of negative political advertising on political decision making. Journal of Advertising, 31(1), 13-25.
    • (2002) Journal of Advertising , vol.31 , Issue.1 , pp. 13-25
    • Pinkleton, B.1    Um, N.2    Austin, W.3
  • 71
    • 0002319834 scopus 로고
    • Role of disconfirmed expectancies in the instigation of attributional processing
    • Pyszczynski, T.A. & Greenberg, J. (1981) Role of disconfirmed expectancies in the instigation of attributional processing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40(1), 31-38.
    • (1981) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.40 , Issue.1 , pp. 31-38
    • Pyszczynski, T.A.1    Greenberg, J.2
  • 72
    • 0037876939 scopus 로고
    • Post-martial law media boom in Taiwan
    • Rampal, K.R. (1994) Post-martial law media boom in Taiwan. International Communication Gazette, 53(1/2), 73-91.
    • (1994) International Communication Gazette , vol.53 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 73-91
    • Rampal, K.R.1
  • 73
    • 13444271441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex, lives, and videotape: An analysis of gender in campaign advertisements
    • Robertson, T., Froemling, K., Wells, S. & McCraw, S. (1999) Sex, lives, and videotape: an analysis of gender in campaign advertisements. Communication Quarterly, 47(3), 333-341.
    • (1999) Communication Quarterly , vol.47 , Issue.3 , pp. 333-341
    • Robertson, T.1    Froemling, K.2    Wells, S.3    McCraw, S.4
  • 74
    • 84984020808 scopus 로고
    • Gender role and political office: Effects of perceived masculinity/femininity of candidate and political office
    • Rosenwasser, S.M. & Dean, N. (1989) Gender role and political office: effects of perceived masculinity/femininity of candidate and political office. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 13(1), 77-85.
    • (1989) Psychology of Women Quarterly , vol.13 , Issue.1 , pp. 77-85
    • Rosenwasser, S.M.1    Dean, N.2
  • 75
    • 84928461734 scopus 로고
    • Attitudes toward women and men in politics: Perceived male and female candidate competencies and participant personality characteristics
    • Rosenwasser, S.M., Rogers, R.R., Fling, S., Silvers-Pickens, K. & Butemeyer, J. (1987) Attitudes toward women and men in politics: perceived male and female candidate competencies and participant personality characteristics. Political Psychology, 8(2), 191-200.
    • (1987) Political Psychology , vol.8 , Issue.2 , pp. 191-200
    • Rosenwasser, S.M.1    Rogers, R.R.2    Fling, S.3    Silvers-Pickens, K.4    Butemeyer, J.5
  • 76
    • 0002448122 scopus 로고
    • If US senator Baker were a woman: An experimental study of candidate images
    • Sapiro, V. (1981-1982) If US senator Baker were a woman: an experimental study of candidate images. Political Psychology, 3(1/2), 61-83.
    • (1981) Political Psychology , vol.3 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 61-83
    • Sapiro, V.1
  • 77
    • 0033622231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of negative advertising frames on political cynicism and political accountability
    • Schenck-Hamlin, W.J., Procter, D.E. & Rumsey, D. (2000) The influence of negative advertising frames on political cynicism and political accountability. Human Communication Research, 26(1), 53-74.
    • (2000) Human Communication Research , vol.26 , Issue.1 , pp. 53-74
    • Schenck-Hamlin, W.J.1    Procter, D.E.2    Rumsey, D.3
  • 78
    • 0031081917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Character attacks and their effects on perceptions of male and female political candidates
    • Schultz, C. & Pancer, S.M. (1997) Character attacks and their effects on perceptions of male and female political candidates. Political Psychology, 18(1), 93-102.
    • (1997) Political Psychology , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 93-102
    • Schultz, C.1    Pancer, S.M.2
  • 79
    • 0344629736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The 'un-candidates': Gender and outsider signals in women's political advertisements
    • Shames, S. (2003) The 'un-candidates': gender and outsider signals in women's political advertisements. Women and Politics, 25(1/2), 115-147.
    • (2003) Women and Politics , vol.25 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 115-147
    • Shames, S.1
  • 80
    • 13444301317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • If Bill Clinton were a woman: The effectiveness of male and female politicians' account strategies following alleged transgressions
    • Smith, E., Powers, A. & Suarez, G. (2005) If Bill Clinton were a woman: the effectiveness of male and female politicians' account strategies following alleged transgressions. Political Psychology, 26(1), 115-134.
    • (2005) Political Psychology , vol.26 , Issue.1 , pp. 115-134
    • Smith, E.1    Powers, A.2    Suarez, G.3
  • 81
    • 83155164099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Political advertising in Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan
    • In L.L. Kaid & C. Holtz-Bacha (eds), Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications
    • Tak, J. (2006) Political advertising in Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan. In L.L. Kaid & C. Holtz-Bacha (eds) The Sage Handbook of PoliticalAdvertising. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 285-305.
    • (2006) The Sage Handbook of PoliticalAdvertising , pp. 285-305
    • Tak, J.1
  • 82
    • 84872257990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Back to the future: Some topics we should not forget about in advertising research
    • Taylor, C.R. (2012) Back to the future: some topics we should not forget about in advertising research. International Journal of Advertising, 31(4), 699-702.
    • (2012) International Journal of Advertising , vol.31 , Issue.4 , pp. 699-702
    • Taylor, C.R.1
  • 84
    • 0033476852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How advertising works: What do we really know?
    • Vakratsas, D. & Ambler, T. (1999) How advertising works: what do we really know? Journal of Marketing, 63(1), 26-43.
    • (1999) Journal of Marketing , vol.63 , Issue.1 , pp. 26-43
    • Vakratsas, D.1    Ambler, T.2
  • 85
    • 0039145720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The reasoning vote meets the strategic candidate: Signals and specificity in campaign advertising, 1998
    • Vavreck, L. (2001) The reasoning vote meets the strategic candidate: signals and specificity in campaign advertising, 1998. American Political Research, 29(5), 507-529.
    • (2001) American Political Research , vol.29 , Issue.5 , pp. 507-529
    • Vavreck, L.1
  • 87
    • 55449132299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of Taiwan's 2008 elections on cross-strait relations: A game-theoretical analysis
    • Wang, V. (2008) The impact of Taiwan's 2008 elections on cross-strait relations: a game-theoretical analysis. Asian Perspective, 32(2), 145-172.
    • (2008) Asian Perspective , vol.32 , Issue.2 , pp. 145-172
    • Wang, V.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.