RNA viruses: ROS-mediated cell death

International Journal of Cell Biology

Volumn , Issue , 2014, Pages

  Reshi, Mohammad Latif ^a   Su, Yi Che ^a   Hong, Jiann Ruey ^a  

^a NATIONAL CHENG KUNG UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ASCORBIC ACID; CAROTENOID; CASPASE 3; CATALASE; CYTOCHROME C; CYTOCHROME P450 2A6; CYTOCHROME P450 2B6; CYTOCHROME P450 2D6; CYTOCHROME P450 2E1; DEATH RECEPTOR 3; FAS ASSOCIATED DEATH DOMAIN PROTEIN; FREE RADICAL; GLUTATHIONE; GLUTATHIONE DISULFIDE; GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE; GLYCOPROTEIN GP 120; IMMUNOGLOBULIN ENHANCER BINDING PROTEIN; LATENT MEMBRANE PROTEIN 1; MITOCHONDRIAL DNA; NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEIN 5A; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE; REDUCED NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHATE OXIDASE; REDUCED NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHATE OXIDASE 2; REDUCED NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHATE OXIDASE 4; SELENIUM; STAT3 PROTEIN; SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR RECEPTOR 1;

ALPHA TOCOPHEROL DEFICIENCY; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; APOPTOSIS; ARTICLE; ASTROCYTE; AUTOPHAGY; BETANODAVIRUS; CELL DEATH; CELL ORGANELLE; CYTOPLASM; CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTE; ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM; ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM STRESS; ENZYME ACTIVITY; HEPATITIS C; HEPATITIS C VIRUS; HOST CELL; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1 INFECTION; IMMUNE SYSTEM; INFLUENZA A; INFLUENZA VIRUS; LIPID PEROXIDATION; LYMPHOCYTE; MITOCHONDRION; NATURAL KILLER CELL; NONHUMAN; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PEROXISOME; PHAGOCYTE; RESPIRATORY BURST; RESPIRATORY CHAIN; RNA VIRUS; SELENIUM DEFICIENCY; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; VIRUS GENOME; VIRUS PATHOGENESIS; VIRUS REPLICATION; VIRUS VIRULENCE; WEIGHT REDUCTION;

EID: 84901794462     PISSN: 16878876     EISSN: 16878884     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1155/2014/467452     Document Type: Article

References (229)

1. Gloire G., Legrand-Poels S., Piette J., NF- B activation by reactive oxygen species: fifteen years later. Biochemical Pharmacology 2006 72 11 1493 1505 2-s2.0-33750523632 10.1016/j.bcp.2006.04.011 (Pubitemid 44666727)
2. Lander H. M., An essential role for free radicals and derived species in signal transduction. FASEB Journal 1997 11 2 118 124 2-s2.0-0031036917 (Pubitemid 27097584)
3. Devadas S., Zaritskaya L., Rhee S. G., Oberley L., Williams M. S., Discrete generation of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide by T cell receptor stimulation: selective regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase activation and Fas ligand expression. Journal of Experimental Medicine 2002 195 1 59 70 2-s2.0-0037033433 10.1084/jem.20010659 (Pubitemid 34074497)
4. Hildeman D. A., Regulation of T-cell apoptosis by reactive oxygen species. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 2004 36 12 1496 1504 2-s2.0-2942588874 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2004.03.023 (Pubitemid 38746558)
5. Fang F. C., Antimicrobial actions of reactive oxygen species. mBio 2011 2 5 2-s2.0-80455130033 10.1128/mBio.00141-11
6. Krapfenbauer K., Engidawork E., Cairns N., Fountoulakis M., Lubec G., Aberrant expression of peroxiredoxin subtypes in neurodegenerative disorders. Brain Research 2003 967 1-2 152 160 2-s2.0-0344406145 10.1016/S0006-8993(02) 04243-9 (Pubitemid 36324297)
7. Desagher S., Glowinski J., Premont J., Astrocytes protect neurons from hydrogen peroxide toxicity. Journal of Neuroscience 1996 16 8 2553 2562 2-s2.0-0029990439 (Pubitemid 26122677)
8. Dringen R., Hamprecht B., Involvement of glutathione peroxidase and catalase in the disposal of exogenous hydrogen peroxide by cultured astroglial cells. Brain Research 1997 759 1 67 75 2-s2.0-0030852097 10.1016/S0006-8993(97) 00233-3 (Pubitemid 27286345)
9. Chrobot A. M., Szaflarska-Szczepanik A., Drewa G., Antioxidant defense in children with chronic viral hepatitis B and C. Medical Science Monitor 2000 6 4 713 718 2-s2.0-0033850997
10. Gougeon M.-L., Montagnier L., Apoptosis in AIDS. Science 1993 260 5112 1269 1270 2-s2.0-0027297036 (Pubitemid 23231968)
11. Pace G. W., Leaf C. D., The role of oxidative stress in HIV disease. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 1995 19 4 523 528 2-s2.0-0029162485 10.1016/0891-5849(95)00047-2
12. Paracha U. Z., Fatima K., Alqahtani M., Chaudhary A., Abuzenadah A., Damanhouri G., Qadri I., Oxidative stress and hepatitis C virus. Virology Journal 2013 10, article 251 10.1186/1743-422x-10-251
13. Hockenbery D. M., Oltvai Z. N., Yin X.-M., Milliman C. L., Korsmeyer S. J., Bcl-2 functions in an antioxidant pathway to prevent apoptosis. Cell 1993 75 2 241 251 2-s2.0-0027485461 10.1016/0092-8674(93)80066-N (Pubitemid 23320288)
14. Peterhans E., Sendal virus stimulates chemiluminescence in mouse spleen cells. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 1979 91 1 383 392 2-s2.0-0018575333 (Pubitemid 10163337)
15. Peterhans E., Grob M., Bürge T., Zanoni R., Virus-induced formation of reactive oxygen intermediates in phagocytic cells. Free Radical Research Communications 1987 3 1-5 39 46 2-s2.0-0023558234
16. Vierucci A., De Martino M., Graziani E., A mechanism for liver cell injury in viral hepatitis: effects of hepatitis B virus on neutrophil function in vitro and in children with chronic active hepatitis. Pediatric Research 1983 17 10 814 820 2-s2.0-0020508769 (Pubitemid 13010097)
17. Muller F., Reactive oxygen intermediates and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 1992 13 6 651 657 2-s2.0-0026491132 10.1016/0891-5849(92)90039-J
18. Pasquier C., Olivier R. Y., Auclair C., Packer L., Oxidative Stress, Cell Activation and Viral Infection 1994
19. Drake J. W., Rates of spontaneous mutation among RNA viruses. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1993 90 9 4171 4175 2-s2.0-0027221640 (Pubitemid 23134188)
20. Drake J. W., Holland J. J., Mutation rates among RNA viruses. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1999 96 24 13910 13913 2-s2.0-0033598717 10.1073/pnas.96.24.13910
21. Duffy S., Shackelton L. A., Holmes E. C., Rates of evolutionary change in viruses: patterns and determinants. Nature Reviews Genetics 2008 9 4 267 276 2-s2.0-40849097775 10.1038/nrg2323 (Pubitemid 351399833)
22. García-Villada L., Drake J. W., The three faces of riboviral spontaneous mutation: spectrum, mode of genome replication, and mutation rate. PLOS Genetics 2012 8 e1002832
23. Malvy D. J.-M., Richard M.-J., Arnaud J., Favier A., Amédé e-Manesme O., Relationship of plasma malondialdehyde, vitamin E and antioxidant micronutrients to human immunodeficiency virus-1 seropositivity. Clinica Chimica Acta 1994 224 1 89 94 2-s2.0-0028209601 10.1016/0009-8981(94)90124-4 (Pubitemid 24076068)
24. Fuchs J., Emerit I., Levy A., Cernajvski L., Schofer H., Milbradt R., Clastogenic factors in plasma of HIV-1 infected patients. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 1995 19 6 843 848 2-s2.0-0028819899 10.1016/0891-5849(95)00051-X
25. Peterhans E., Reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide in viral diseases. Biological Trace Element Research 1997 56 1 107 116 2-s2.0-0030979523 (Pubitemid 27198253)
26. Sprietsma J. E., Zinc-controlled Th1/Th2 switch significantly determines development of diseases. Medical Hypotheses 1997 49 1 1 14 2-s2.0-0030884151 10.1016/S0306-9877(97)90244-9 (Pubitemid 27376551)
27. Choo Q.-L., Kuo G., Weiner A. J., Overby L. R., Bradley D. W., Houghton M., Isolation of a cDNA clone derived from a blood-borne non-A, non-B viral hepatitis genome. Science 1989 244 4902 359 362 2-s2.0-0024509701 (Pubitemid 19117877)
28. Simmonds P., Genetic diversity and evolution of hepatitis C virus-15 years on. Journal of General Virology 2004 85 11 3173 3188 2-s2.0-7444256169 10.1099/vir.0.80401-0 (Pubitemid 39445434)
29. Chisari F. V., Ferrari C., Hepatitis B virus immunopathogenesis. Annual Review of Immunology 1995 13 29 60 2-s2.0-0028916425
30. Davis G. L., Treatment of chronic hepatitis C. British Medical Journal 2001 323 7322 1141 1142 2-s2.0-0035904615 (Pubitemid 33078158)
31. Ivanov A. V., Bartosch B., Smirnova O. A., Isaguliants M. G., Kochetkov S. N., HCV and oxidative stress in the liver. Viruses 2013 5 2 439 469
32. Bantel H., Lügering A., Poremba C., Lügering N., Held J., Domschke W., Schulze-Osthoff K., Caspase activation correlates with the degree of inflammatory liver injury in chronic Hepatitis C virus infection. Hepatology 2001 34 4 758 767 2-s2.0-0034808023 10.1053/jhep.2001.28229 (Pubitemid 32928001)
33. Boya P., Peña A. D. L., Beloqui O., Larrea E., Conchillo M., Castelruiz Y., Civeira M.-P., Prieto J., Antioxidant status and glutathione metabolism in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with chronic hepatitis C. Journal of Hepatology 1999 31 5 808 814 2-s2.0-0344631690 10.1016/S0168-8278(99)80281-5 (Pubitemid 29514213)
34. De Maria N., Colantoni A., Fagiuoli S., Liu G.-J., Rogers B. K., Farinati F., Van Thiel D. H., Floyd R., Association between reactive oxygen species and disease activity in chronic hepatitis C. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 1996 21 3 291 295 2-s2.0-0029740935 10.1016/0891-5849(96)00044-5 (Pubitemid 26271718)
35. Bianchi G. P., Marchesini G., Brizi M., Rossi B., Forlani G., Boni P., Melchionda N., Thomaseth K., Pacini G., Nutritional effects of oral zinc supplementation in cirrhosis. Nutrition Research 2000 20 8 1079 1089 2-s2.0-0033839690 10.1016/S0271-5317(00)00194-9 (Pubitemid 30662678)
36. Newberne P. M., Broitman S., Schrager T. F., Esophageal carcinogenesis in the rat: zinc deficiency, DNA methylation and alkyltransferase activity. Pathobiology 1997 65 5 253 263 2-s2.0-0030781802 (Pubitemid 27526095)
37. Kaji M., Watanabe A., Aizawa H., Differences in clinical features between influenza A H1N1, A H3N2, and B in adult patients. Respirology 2003 8 2 231 233 2-s2.0-0038610687 10.1046/j.1440-1843.2003.00457.x (Pubitemid 36749707)
38. Hsieh Y.-C., Wu T.-Z., Liu D.-P., Shao P.-L., Chang L.-Y., Lu C.-Y., Lee C.-Y., Huang F.-Y., Huang L.-M., Influenza pandemics: past, present and future. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association 2006 105 1 1 6 2-s2.0-31144435655 (Pubitemid 43125344)
39. Finkelman B. S., Viboud C., Koelle K., Ferrari M. J., Bharti N., Grenfell B. T., Global patterns in seasonal activity of influenza A/H3N2, A/H1N1, and B from 1997 to 2005: viral coexistence and latitudinal gradients. PLoS ONE 2007 2 12 2-s2.0-44449087754 10.1371/journal.pone.0001296 e1296 (Pubitemid 351818340)
40. Cooperstock M. S., Tucker R. P., Baublis J. V., Possible pathogenic role of endotoxin in Reye's syndrome. The Lancet 1975 1 7919 1272 1274 2-s2.0-0016705413
41. Kerr J. F., Wyllie A. H., Currie A. R., Apoptosis: a basic biological phenomenon with wide-ranging implications in tissue kinetics. British Journal of Cancer 1972 26 4 239 257 2-s2.0-0015383455
42. Borden E. C., Kluger H., Crowley J., Apoptosis: a clinical perspective. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 2008 7 12 959 2-s2.0-57049127555 10.1038/nrd2756
43. Popov S. G., Villasmil R., Bernardi J., Grene E., Cardwell J., Wu A., Alibek D., Bailey C., Alibek K., Lethal toxin of Bacillus anthracis causes apoptosis of macrophages. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 2002 293 1 349 355 2-s2.0-0036295213 10.1016/S0006-291X(02)00227-9 (Pubitemid 34694214)
44. Brüne B., Nitric oxide: NO apoptosis or turning it ON? Cell Death and Differentiation 2003 10 8 864 869 2-s2.0-0042665423 10.1038/sj.cdd.4401261 (Pubitemid 36939696)
45. Cotran R. S., Kumar C., Robbins Pathologic Basis of Disease 1998 Philadelphia, Pa, USA WB Saunders
46. Chiarugi A., Moskowitz M. A., Cell biology: PARP-1-a perpetrator of apoptotic cell death? Science 2002 297 5579 259 263 2-s2.0-0037067597 10.1126/science.1074592 (Pubitemid 34761269)
47. Horvitz H. R., Genetic control of programmed cell death in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Cancer Research 1999 59 7 1701s 1706s 2-s2.0-0033119367 (Pubitemid 29165241)
48. Salvesen G. S., Programmed cell death and the caspases. APMIS 1999 107 1 73 79 2-s2.0-0033066510 (Pubitemid 29133525)
49. Barber G. N., Host defense, viruses and apoptosis. Cell Death and Differentiation 2001 8 2 113 126 2-s2.0-0035094982 10.1038/sj.cdd.4400823 (Pubitemid 32201359)
50. Proskuryakov S. Y., Konoplyannikov A. G., Gabai V. L., Necrosis: a specific form of programmed cell death? Experimental Cell Research 2003 283 1 1 16 2-s2.0-0037330831 10.1016/S0014-4827(02)00027-7 (Pubitemid 36259891)
51. Kasper D. L., Zaleznik D. F., Kasper E., Braunwald D. L., Gas gangrene, antibiotic associated colitis, and other clostridial infections. Harrisons's Principles of Internal Medicine 2001 New York, NY, USA McGraw Hill
52. Schwarz S. M., Bennett M. R., Death by any other name. American Journal of Pathology 1995 147 2 229 234 2-s2.0-0028815102
53. Savill J., Fadok V., Corpse clearance defines the meaning of cell death. Nature 2000 407 6805 784 788 2-s2.0-0034641931 10.1038/35037722
54. Froelich C. J., Dixit V. M., Yang X., Lymphocyte granule-mediated apoptosis: matters of viral mimicry and deadly proteases. Immunology Today 1998 19 1 30 36 2-s2.0-0031952224 10.1016/S0167-5699(97)01184-5 (Pubitemid 28078606)
55. Ashkenazi A., Dixit V. M., Death receptors: signaling and modulation. Science 1998 281 5381 1305 1308 2-s2.0-0032575714 (Pubitemid 28406815)
56. Itoh N., Yonehara S., Ishii A., Yonehara M., Mizushima S.-I., Sameshima M., Hase A., Seto Y., Nagata S., The polypeptide encoded by the cDNA for human cell surface antigen fas can mediate apoptosis. Cell 1991 66 2 233 243 2-s2.0-0025916387 (Pubitemid 121001362)
57. Chinnalyan A. M., O'Rourke K., Tewari M., Dixit V. M., FADD, a novel death domain-containing protein, interacts with the death domain of Fas and initiates apoptosis. Cell 1995 81 4 505 512 2-s2.0-0029026548
58. Wang C.-Y., Mayo M. W., Korneluk R. G., Goeddel D. V., Baldwin A. S. Jr., NFkappaB antiapoptosis: induction of TRAF1 and TRAF2 and c-IAP1 and c-IAP2 to suppress caspase-8 activation. Science 1998 281 5383 1680 1683 2-s2.0-0032508414 10.1126/science.281.5383.1680 (Pubitemid 28435585)
59. Baker S. J., Reddy E. P., Modulation of life and death by the TNF receptor superfamily. Oncogene 1998 17 25 3261 3270 2-s2.0-0032428331 (Pubitemid 29043978)
60. Arch R. H., Gedrich R. W., Thompson C. B., Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors (TRAFs)-a family of adapter proteins that regulates life and death. Genes and Development 1998 12 18 2821 2830 2-s2.0-0032530455 (Pubitemid 28440141)
61. Deveraux Q. L., Reed J. C., IAP family proteins-suppressors of apoptosis. Genes and Development 1999 13 3 239 252 2-s2.0-0033082995 (Pubitemid 29095796)
62. Ryan K. M., Ernst M. K., Rice N. R., Vousden K. H., Role of NF- B in p53-mediated programmed cell death. Nature 2000 404 6780 892 897 2-s2.0-0034689773 10.1038/35009130 (Pubitemid 30230343)
63. Feuillard J., Schuhmacher M., Kohanna S., Asso-Bonnet M., Ledeur F., Joubert-Caron R., Bissières P., Polack A., Bornkamm G. W., Raphaël M., Inducible loss of NF- B activity is associated with apoptosis and Bcl-2 down-regulation in Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B lymphocytes. Blood 2000 95 6 2068 2075 2-s2.0-0034653552 (Pubitemid 30151647)
64. Cahir-McFarland E. D., Davidson D. M., Schauer S. L., Duong J., Kieff E., NF- B inhibition causes spontaneous apoptosis in Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphoblastoid cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2000 97 11 6055 6060 2-s2.0-0034705110 (Pubitemid 30367522)
65. Repetto M., Reides C., Gomez Carretero M. L., Costa M., Griemberg G., Llesuy S., Oxidative stress in blood of HIV infected patients. Clinica Chimica Acta 1996 255 2 107 117 2-s2.0-0030606336 10.1016/0009-8981(96)06394-2 (Pubitemid 26374053)
66. Israël N., Gougerot-Pocidalo M.-A., Oxidative stress in human immunodeficiency virus infection. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 1997 53 11-12 864 870 2-s2.0-0031435786 (Pubitemid 28021500)
67. Dalle-Donne I., Rossi R., Colombo R., Giustarini D., Milzani A., Biomarkers of oxidative damage in human disease. Clinical Chemistry 2006 52 4 601 623 2-s2.0-33645459044 10.1373/clinchem.2005.061408
68. Dhalla N. S., Temsah R. M., Netticadan T., Role of oxidative stress in cardiovascular diseases. Journal of Hypertension 2000 18 6 655 673 2-s2.0-0034083227 (Pubitemid 30406736)
69. Jenner P., Oxidative stress in Parkinson's disease. Annals of Neurology 2003 53 S26 S36
70. Sayre L. M., Smith M. A., Perry G., Chemistry and biochemistry of oxidative stress in neurodegenerative disease. Current Medicinal Chemistry 2001 8 7 721 738 2-s2.0-0035003439 (Pubitemid 32427903)
71. Nabel G., Baltimore D., An inducible transcription factor activates expression of human immunodeficiency virus in T cells. Nature 1987 326 6114 711 713 2-s2.0-0023176085 (Pubitemid 17059793)
72. Semba R. D., Tang A. M., Micronutrients and the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus infection. British Journal of Nutrition 1999 81 3 181 189 2-s2.0-0032939498 (Pubitemid 29182183)
73. Keusch G. T., Micronutrients and susceptibility to infection. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1990 587 181 188 2-s2.0-0025032727 (Pubitemid 20249276)
74. Beck M. A., Shi Q., Morris V. C., Levander O. A., Rapid genomic evolution of a non-virulent coxsackievirus B3 in selenium- deficient mice results in selection of identical virulent isolates. Nature Medicine 1995 1 5 433 436 2-s2.0-0029029689
75. Evans P., Halliwell B., Micronutrients: oxidant/antioxidant status. British Journal of Nutrition 2001 85 2 S67 S74 2-s2.0-0034955016 (Pubitemid 32586474)
76. Baeuerle P. A., Baltimore D., Activation of DNA-binding activity in an apparently cytoplasmic precursor of the NF- B transcription factor. Cell 1988 53 2 211 217 2-s2.0-0024294357
77. Staal F. J. T., Roederer M., Herzenberg L. A., Herzenberg L. A., Intracellular thiols regulate activation of nuclear factor B and transcription of human immunodeficiency virus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1990 87 24 9943 9947 2-s2.0-0025677250 10.1073/pnas.87.24.9943 (Pubitemid 120016560)
78. Simon H.-U., Yousefi S., Schranz C., Schapowal A., Bachert C., Blaser K., Direct demonstration of delayed eosinophil apoptosis as a mechanism causing tissue eosinophilia. Journal of Immunology 1997 158 8 3902 3908 2-s2.0-0031569468 (Pubitemid 127488750)
79. Dibbert B., Weber M., Nikolaizik W. H., Vogt P., Schöni M. H., Blaser K., Simon H.-U., Cytokine-mediated Bax deficiency and consequent delayed neutrophil apoptosis: a general mechanism to accumulate effector cells in inflammation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1999 96 23 13330 13335 2-s2.0-0033539507 10.1073/pnas.96.23. 13330
80. Smith J. A., Neutrophils, host defense, and inflammation: a double-edged sword. Journal of Leukocyte Biology 1994 56 6 672 686 2-s2.0-0028556421
81. Vachier I., Chanez P., Le Doucen C., Damon M., Descomps B., Godard P., Enhancement of reactive oxygen species formation in stable and unstable asthmatic patients. European Respiratory Journal 1994 7 9 1585 1592 2-s2.0-0027989961 (Pubitemid 24294241)
82. Chanock S. J., El Benna J., Smith R. M., Babior B. M., The respiratory burst oxidase. Journal of Biological Chemistry 1994 269 40 24519 24522 2-s2.0-0028096750 (Pubitemid 24311695)
83. Bass D. A., Parce J. W., Dechatelet L. R., Flow cytometric studies of oxidative product formation by neutrophils: a graded response to membrane stimulation. Journal of Immunology 1983 130 4 1910 1917 2-s2.0-0020625894 (Pubitemid 13091657)
84. Dusi S., Della Bianca V., Donini M., Nadalini K. A., Rossi F., Mechanisms of stimulation of the respiratory burst by TNF in nonadherent neutrophils. Journal of Immunology 1996 157 10 4615 4623 2-s2.0-0030588684
85. Coffer P. J., Burgering B. M. T., Peppelenbosch M. P., Bos J. L., Kruijer W., UV activation of receptor tyrosine kinase activity. Oncogene 1995 11 3 561 569 2-s2.0-0029080860
86. Knebel A., Rahmsdorf H. J., Ullrich A., Herrlich P., Dephosphorylation of receptor tyrosine kinases as target of regulation by radiation, oxidants or alkylating agents. EMBO Journal 1996 15 19 5314 5325 2-s2.0-0029790979 (Pubitemid 26336214)
87. Huang R.-P., Wu J.-X., Fan Y., Adamson E. D., UV activates growth factor receptors via reactive oxygen intermediates. Journal of Cell Biology 1996 133 1 211 220 2-s2.0-0029993503 10.1083/jcb.133.1.211 (Pubitemid 26107108)
88. Schreck R., Rieber P., Baeuerle P. A., Reactive oxygen intermediates as apparently widely used messengers in the activation of the NF- B transcription factor and HIV-1. EMBO Journal 1991 10 8 2247 2258 2-s2.0-0025739254 (Pubitemid 21905698)
89. Anderson S., Bankier A. T., Barrell B. G., Sequence and organization of the human mitochondrial genome. Nature 1981 290 5806 457 465 2-s2.0-0019423856 (Pubitemid 11159074)
90. Papa S., Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation changes in the life span. Molecular aspects and physiopathological implications. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta: Bioenergetics 1996 1276 2 87 105 (Pubitemid 26308725)
91. Griffith O. W., Meister A., Origin and turnover of mitochondrial glutathione. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1985 82 14 4668 4672 2-s2.0-0001547757 (Pubitemid 16239624)
92. Green D. R., Kroemer G., The pathophysiology of mitochondrial cell death. Science 2004 305 5684 626 629 2-s2.0-3442886811 10.1126/science.1099320 (Pubitemid 39006738)
93. Hengartner M. O., The biochemistry of apoptosis. Nature 2000 407 6805 770 776 2-s2.0-0034641918 10.1038/35037710
94. Reed D. J., Mitochondrial glutathione and chemically induced stress including ethanol. Drug Metabolism Reviews 2004 36 3-4 569 582 2-s2.0-7544240598 10.1081/DMR-200033449 (Pubitemid 39453063)
95. Hong J. R., Betanodavirus: mitochondrial disruption and necrotic cell death. World Journal of Virology 2013 2 1 1 5 10.5501/wjv.v2.i1.1
96. Malhotra J. D., Kaufman R. J., Endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress: a vicious cycle or a double-edged sword? Antioxidants and Redox Signaling 2007 9 12 2277 2293 2-s2.0-35848957485 10.1089/ars.2007.1782 (Pubitemid 350059010)
97. Ermak G., Davies K. J. A., Calcium and oxidative stress: from cell signaling to cell death. Molecular Immunology 2002 38 10 713 721 2-s2.0-0036182380 10.1016/S0161-5890(01)00108-0 (Pubitemid 34158874)
98. Berridge M. J., Bootman M. D., Roderick H. L., Calcium signalling: dynamics, homeostasis and remodelling. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 2003 4 7 517 529 2-s2.0-0038125598 10.1038/nrm1155 (Pubitemid 36773404)
99. Görlach A., Klappa P., Kietzmann T., The endoplasmic reticulum: folding, calcium homeostasis, signaling, and redox control. Antioxidants and Redox Signaling 2006 8 9-10 1391 1418 2-s2.0-33750902737 10.1089/ars.2006.8.1391 (Pubitemid 44726319)
100. Lizák B., Czegle I., Csala M., Benedetti A., Mandl J., Bánhegyi G., Translocon pores in the endoplasmic reticulum are permeable to small anions. American Journal of Physiology: Cell Physiology 2006 291 3 C511 C517 2-s2.0-33748417012 10.1152/ajpcell.00274.2005 (Pubitemid 44343634)
101. Cadenas E., Basic mechanisms of antioxidant activity. BioFactors 1997 6 4 391 397 2-s2.0-0030707868 (Pubitemid 27475624)
102. Stout A. K., Raphael H. M., Kanterewicz B. I., Klann E., Reynolds I. J., Glutamate-induced neuron death requires mitochondrial calcium uptake. Nature Neuroscience 1998 1 5 366 373 2-s2.0-0032150860
103. White E., Shannon J. S., Patterson R. E., Relationship between vitamin and calcium supplement use and colon cancer. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention 1997 6 10 769 774 2-s2.0-0030866816 (Pubitemid 27435473)
104. Smith A. R., Shenvi S. V., Widlansky M., Suh J. H., Hagen T. M., Lipoic acid as a potential therapy for chronic diseases associated with oxidative stress. Current Medicinal Chemistry 2004 11 9 1135 1146 2-s2.0-2342544918 (Pubitemid 38585058)
105. Sharoni Y., Danilenko M., Dubi N., Ben-Dor A., Levy J., Carotenoids and transcription. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 2004 430 1 89 96 2-s2.0-4344670930 10.1016/j.abb.2004.03.009 (Pubitemid 39119783)
106. Schrauzer G. N., Interactive effects of selenium and chromium on mammary tumor development and growth in MMTV-infected female mice and their relevance to human cancer. Biological Trace Element Research 2006 109 3 281 292 2-s2.0-33646874548 10.1385/BTER:109:3:281 (Pubitemid 43780424)
107. Packer L., Suzuki Y. J., Vitamin E and alpha-lipoate: role in antioxidant recycling and activation of the NF- B transcription factor. Molecular Aspects of Medicine 1993 14 3 229 239 2-s2.0-0027495451 10.1016/0098-2997(93)90009-3
108. Pryor W. A., Vitamin E and heart disease: basic science to clinical intervention trials. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 2000 28 1 141 164 2-s2.0-0033983165 10.1016/S0891-5849(99)00224-5 (Pubitemid 30045582)
109. Nakamura H., Nakamura K., Yodoi J., Redox regulation of cellular activation. Annual Review of Immunology 1997 15 351 369 2-s2.0-0030936987 10.1146/annurev.immunol.15.1.351 (Pubitemid 27169285)
110. Miller E. R. III, Pastor-Barriuso R., Dalal D., Riemersma R. A., Appel L. J., Guallar E., Meta-analysis: high-dosage vitamin E supplementation may increase all-cause mortality. Annals of Internal Medicine 2005 142 1 37 46 2-s2.0-19944427642
111. Landis G. N., Tower J., Superoxide dismutase evolution and life span regulation. Mechanisms of Ageing and Development 2005 126 3 365 379 2-s2.0-12344276944 10.1016/j.mad.2004.08.012 (Pubitemid 40128170)
112. Kojo S., Vitamin C: basic metabolism and its function as an index of oxidative stress. Current Medicinal Chemistry 2004 11 8 1041 1064 2-s2.0-1842587394 10.2174/0929867043455567 (Pubitemid 38425930)
113. Catani M. V., Rossi A., Costanzo A., Sabatini S., Levrero M., Melino G., Avigliano L., Induction of gene expression via activator protein-1 in the ascorbate protection against UV-induced damage. Biochemical Journal 2001 356 1 77 85 2-s2.0-0035874482 10.1042/0264-6021:3560077 (Pubitemid 34275708)
114. Burton G. W., Ingold K. U., β -Carotene: an unusual type of lipid antioxidant. Science 1984 224 4649 569 573 2-s2.0-0021362463 (Pubitemid 14137524)
115. Carr A., Frei B., Does vitamin C act as a pro-oxidant under physiological conditions? FASEB Journal 1999 13 9 1007 1024 2-s2.0-0033040739 (Pubitemid 29249726)
116. El-Agamey A., Lowe G. M., McGarvey D. J., Mortensen A., Phillip D. M., Truscott T. G., Young A. J., Carotenoid radical chemistry and antioxidant/pro-oxidant properties. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 2004 430 1 37 48 2-s2.0-4344634650 10.1016/j.abb.2004.03.007 (Pubitemid 39119778)
117. Masella R., Di Benedetto R., Varì R., Filesi C., Giovannini C., Novel mechanisms of natural antioxidant compounds in biological systems: involvement of glutathione and glutathione-related enzymes. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 2005 16 10 577 586 2-s2.0-25144482448 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2005.05.013 (Pubitemid 41338369)
118. Nogueira C. W., Zeni G., Rocha J. B. T., Organoselenium and organotellurium compounds: toxicology and pharmacology. Chemical Reviews 2004 104 12 6255 6285 2-s2.0-11144286809 10.1021/cr0406559 (Pubitemid 40025738)
119. Jones D. P., Carlson J. L., Mody V. C. Jr., Cai J., Lynn M. J., Sternberg P. Jr., Redox state of glutathione in human plasma. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 2000 28 4 625 635 2-s2.0-0034652725 10.1016/S0891-5849(99)00275-0 (Pubitemid 30136044)
120. Ford W. C. L., Harrison A., The role of oxidative phosphorylation in the generation of ATP in human spermatozoa. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 1981 63 1 271 278 2-s2.0-0019789614 (Pubitemid 12195718)
121. Fuchs J., Ochsendorf F., Schofer H., Milbradt R., Rubsamen-Waigmann H., Oxidative imbalance in HIV infected patients. Medical Hypotheses 1991 36 1 60 64 2-s2.0-0025949155 10.1016/0306-9877(91)90164-T
122. Oda T., Akaike T., Hamamoto T., Suzuki F., Hirano T., Maeda H., Oxygen radicals in influenza-induced pathogenesis and treatment with pyran polymer-conjugated SOD. Science 1989 244 4907 974 976 2-s2.0-0024375781 (Pubitemid 19152287)
123. Akaike T., Ando M., Oda T., Doi T., Ijiri S., Araki S., Maeda H., Dependence on O2- generation by xanthine oxidase of pathogenesis of influenza virus infection in mice. Journal of Clinical Investigation 1990 85 3 739 745 2-s2.0-0025193910 (Pubitemid 20087476)
124. Peterhans E., Jungi T. W., Stocker R., Autotoxicity and reactive oxygen in viral disease. Oxy-Radicals in Molecular Biology and Pathology 1988 New York, NY, USA Alan R. Liss 543 562
125. Nabel G., Baltimore D., An inducible transcription factor activates expression of human immunodeficiency virus in T cells. Nature 1987 326 6114 711 713 2-s2.0-0023176085 (Pubitemid 17059793)
126. Baeuerle P. A., Baltimore D., Activation of DNA-binding activity in an apparently cytoplasmic precursor of the NF- B transcription factor. Cell 1988 53 2 211 217 2-s2.0-0024294357
127. Staal F. J. T., Roederer M., Herzenberg L. A., Herzenberg L. A., Intracellular thiols regulate activation of nuclear factor B and transcription of human immunodeficiency virus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1990 87 24 9943 9947 2-s2.0-0025677250 10.1073/pnas.87.24.9943 (Pubitemid 120016560)
128. Lenardo M. J., Baltimore D., NK- B: a pleiotropic mediator of inducible and tissue-specific gene control. Cell 1989 58 2 227 229 2-s2.0-0024475227 (Pubitemid 19191405)
129. Brach M. A., de Vos S., Arnold C., Gruss H.-J., Mertelsmann R., Herrmann F., Leukotriene B4 transcriptionally activates interleukin-6 expression involving NK- B and NF-IL6. European Journal of Immunology 1992 22 10 2705 2711 2-s2.0-0026612229 10.1002/eji.1830221034
130. Meyer M., Pahl H. L., Baeuerle P. A., Regulation of the transcription factors NF- B and AP-1 by redox changes. Chemico-Biological Interactions 1994 91 2-3 91 100 2-s2.0-0028342913 10.1016/0009-2797(94)90029-9 (Pubitemid 24168455)
131. Favier A., Sappey C., Leclerc P., Faure P., Micoud M., Antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation in patients infected with HIV. Chemico-Biological Interactions 1994 91 2-3 165 180 2-s2.0-0028342918 10.1016/0009-2797(94)90037-X (Pubitemid 24168463)
132. Revillard J.-P., Vincent C. M. A., Favier A. E., Richard M.-J., Zittoun M., Kazatchkine M. D., Lipid peroxidation in human immunodeficiency virus infection. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 1992 5 6 637 638 2-s2.0-0026686228
133. Sonnerborg A., Carlin G., Akerlund B., Jarstrand C., Increased production of malondialdehyde in patients with HIV infection. Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases 1988 20 3 287 290 2-s2.0-0023904819
134. Jarstrand C., Akerlund B., Oxygen radical release by neutrophils of HIV-infected patients. Chemico-Biological Interactions 1994 91 2-3 141 146 2-s2.0-0028307394 10.1016/0009-2797(94)90034-5 (Pubitemid 24168460)
135. Halliwell B., Gutteridge J. M. C., Role of free radicals and catalytic metal ions in human disease: an overview. Methods in Enzymology 1990 186 1 85 2-s2.0-0025126555 10.1016/0076-6879(90)86093-B (Pubitemid 20279941)
136. Polyakov V. M., Shepelev A. P., Kokovkina O. E., Vtornikova I. V., Superoxide anion (02-) production and enzymatic disbalance in peripheral blood cells isolated from HIV-infected children. Free Radical Biology & Medicine 1994 16, article 15
137. Leff J. A., Oppegard M. A., Curiel T. J., Brown K. S., Schooley R. T., Repine J. E., Progressive increases in serum catalase activity in advancing human immunodeficiency virus infection. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 1992 13 2 143 149 2-s2.0-0026720277 10.1016/0891-5849(92)90076-S
138. Hockenbery D. M., Oltvai Z. N., Yin X.-M., Milliman C. L., Korsmeyer S. J., Bcl-2 functions in an antioxidant pathway to prevent apoptosis. Cell 1993 75 2 241 251 2-s2.0-0027485461 10.1016/0092-8674(93)80066-N (Pubitemid 23320288)
139. Laurent-Crawford A. G., Krust B., Muller S., Riviere Y., Rey-Cuille-M. A., Bechet J.-M., Montagnier L., Hovanessian A. G., The cytopathic effect of HIV is associated with apoptosis. Virology 1991 185 2 829 839 2-s2.0-0026318584 10.1016/0042-6822(91)90554-O
140. Greenspan H. C., Aruoma O. I., Oxidative stress and apoptosis in HIV infection: a role for plant-derived metabolites with synergistic antioxidant activity. Immunology Today 1994 15 5 209 213 2-s2.0-0028230429
141. Dröge W., Eck H. P., Mihm S., Packer L., Oxidant-antioxidant status in human immunodeficiency virus infection. Oxygen Radicals in Biological Systems 1994 San Diego, Calif, USA Academic Press 594 601
142. Kaul M., Zheng J., Okamoto S., Gendelman H. E., Lipton S. A., HIV-1 infection and AIDS: consequences for the central nervous system. Cell Death and Differentiation 2005 12 1 878 892 2-s2.0-22744455058 10.1038/sj.cdd.4401623 (Pubitemid 41038393)
143. Carroll-Anzinger D., Kumar A., Adarichev V., Kashanchi F., Al-Harthi L., Human immunodeficiency virus-restricted replication in astrocytes and the ability of gamma interferon to modulate this restriction are regulated by a downstream effector of the Wnt signaling pathway. Journal of Virology 2007 81 11 5864 5871 2-s2.0-34249781154 10.1128/JVI.02234-06 (Pubitemid 46847023)
144. Reddy P. V. B., Gandhi N., Samikkannu T., Saiyed Z., Agudelo M., Yndart A., Khatavkar P., Nair M. P. N., HIV-1 gp120 induces antioxidant response element-mediated expression in primary astrocytes: role in HIV associated neurocognitive disorder. Neurochemistry International 2012 61 807 814 2-s2.0-79960352470 10.1016/j.neuint.2011.06.011
145. Ronaldson P. T., Bendayan R., HIV-1 viral envelope glycoprotein gp120 produces oxidative stress and regulates the functional expression of multidrug resistance protein-1 (Mrp1) in glial cells. Journal of Neurochemistry 2008 106 3 1298 1313 2-s2.0-48249151774 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05479.x
146. Silverstein P. S., Shah A., Weemhoff J., Kumar S., Singh D. P., Kumar A., HIV-1 gp120 and drugs of abuse: interactions in the central nervous system. Current HIV Research 2012 10 369 383
147. Brown J. III, Theisler C., Silberman S., Magnuson D., Gottardi-Littell N., Lee J. M., Yager D., Crowley J., Sambamurti K., Rahman M. M., Reiss A. B., Eckman C. B., Wolozin B., Differential expression of cholesterol hydroxylases in Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2004 279 33 34674 34681 2-s2.0-4544255297 10.1074/jbc.M402324200 (Pubitemid 39318097)
148. Shah A., Kumar S., Simon S. D., HIV gp120-and methamphetamine-mediated oxidative stress induces astrocyte apoptosis via cytochrome P450 2E1. Cell Death & Disease 2013 4 10, article e850
149. Park M., Hennig B., Toborek M., Methamphetamine alters occludin expression via NADPH oxidase-induced oxidative insult and intact caveolae. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine 2012 16 2 362 375 2-s2.0-84856322811 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2011.01320.x
150. Banerjee A., Zhang X., Manda K. R., Banks W. A., Ercal N., HIV proteins (gp120 and Tat) and methamphetamine in oxidative stress-induced damage in the brain: potential role of the thiol antioxidant N-acetylcysteine amide. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 2010 48 10 1388 1398 2-s2.0-77951938520 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.02.023
151. Silverstein P. S., Shah A., Gupte R., Liu X., Piepho R. W., Kumar S., Kumar A., Methamphetamine toxicity and its implications during HIV-1 infection. Journal of NeuroVirology 2011 17 5 401 415 2-s2.0-84856195853 10.1007/s13365-011-0043-4
152. Louboutin J.-P., Strayer D. S., Blood-brain barrier abnormalities caused by HIV-1 gp120: mechanistic and therapeutic implications. The Scientific World Journal 2012 2012 15 2-s2.0-84858141312 10.1100/2012/482575 482575
153. Yao H., Allen J. E., Zhu X., Callen S., Buch S., Cocaine and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 mediate neurotoxicity through overlapping signaling pathways. Journal of NeuroVirology 2009 15 2 164 175 2-s2.0-67650318972 10.1080/13550280902755375
154. Dasuri K., Zhang L., Keller J. N., Oxidative stress, neurodegeneration, and the balance of protein degradation and protein synthesis. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 2012 62 170 185
155. Mollace V., Nottet H. S. L. M., Clayette P., Turco M. C., Muscoli C., Salvemini D., Perno C. F., Oxidative stress and neuroAIDS: triggers, modulators and novel antioxidants. Trends in Neurosciences 2001 24 7 411 416 2-s2.0-0035386540 10.1016/S0166-2236(00)01819-1 (Pubitemid 32938544)
156. Jin M., Ande A., Kumar A., Kumar S., Regulation of cytochrome P450 2e1 expression by ethanol: role of oxidative stress-mediated pkc/jnk/sp1 pathway. Cell Death & Disease 2013 4, article e554
157. Ande A., Earla R., Jin M., Silverstein P. S., Mitra A. K., Kumar A., Kumar S., An LC-MS/MS method for concurrent determination of nicotine metabolites and the role of CYP2A6 in nicotine metabolite-mediated oxidative stress in SVGA astrocytes. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 2012 125 49 59 2-s2.0-84859463509 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.03.015
158. Meyer R. P., Gehlhaus M., Knoth R., Volk B., Expression and function of cytochrome P450 in brain drug metabolism. Current Drug Metabolism 2007 8 4 297 306 2-s2.0-34249009984 10.2174/138920007780655478 (Pubitemid 46780059)
159. Eid A. A., Gorin Y., Fagg B. M., Maalouf R., Barnes J. L., Block K., Abboud H. E., Mechanisms of podocyte injury in diabetes role of cytochrome P450 and NADPH oxidases. Diabetes 2009 58 5 1201 1211 2-s2.0-65549157823 10.2337/db08-1536
160. Sorce S., Krause K. H., Jaquet V., Targeting NOX enzymes in the central nervous system: therapeutic opportunities. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 2012 69 2387 2407
161. Cairns B., Kim J. Y., Tang X. N., Yenari M. A., NOX inhibitors as a therapeutic strategy for stroke and neurodegenerative disease. Current Drug Targets 2012 13 2 199 206 2-s2.0-84857136039 10.2174/138945012799201676
162. Bedard K., Krause K.-H., The NOX family of ROS-generating NADPH oxidases: physiology and pathophysiology. Physiological Reviews 2007 87 1 245 313 2-s2.0-33846794822 10.1152/physrev.00044.2005 (Pubitemid 46209993)
163. van Golen R. F., van Gulik T. M., Heger M., Mechanistic overview of reactive species-induced degradation of the endothelial glycocalyx during hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 2012 52 8 1382 1402 2-s2.0-84859008844 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.01.013
164. Anonymous, World health organization-hepatitis C: global prevalence. Weekly Epidemiological Record 1997 72 341 344
165. Alter H. J., Seeff L. B., Recovery, persistence, and sequelae in hepatitis C virus infection: a perspective on long-term outcome. Seminars in Liver Disease 2000 20 1 17 35 2-s2.0-0033932001 (Pubitemid 30421406)
166. Fried M. W., Shiffman M. L., Rajender Reddy K., Smith C., Marinos G., Gonçales F. L. Jr., Häussinger D., Diago M., Carosi G., Dhumeaux D., Craxi A., Lin A., Hoffman J., Yu J., Peginterferon alfa-2a plus ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C virus infection. The New England Journal of Medicine 2002 347 13 975 982 2-s2.0-0037179698 10.1056/NEJMoa020047
167. Hadziyannis S. J., Sette Jr. H., Morgan T. R., Balan V., Diago M., Marcellin P., Ramadori G., Bodenheimer H. Jr., Bernstein D., Rizzetto M., Zeuzem S., Pockros P. J., Lin A., Ackrill A. M., Peginterferon- α 2a and ribavirin combination therapy in chronic hepatitis C: a randomized study of treatment duration and ribavirin dose. Annals of Internal Medicine 2004 140 5 346 355 2-s2.0-1542378867
168. Gong G., Waris G., Tanveer R., Siddiqui A., Human hepatitis C virus NS5A protein alters intracellular calcium levels, induces oxidative stress, and activates STAT-3 and NF- B. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2001 98 17 9599 9604 2-s2.0-0035859871 10.1073/pnas.171311298 (Pubitemid 32769349)
169. Poulsen H. E., Prieme H., Loft S., Role of oxidative DNA damage in cancer initiation and promotion. European Journal of Cancer Prevention 1998 7 1 9 16 2-s2.0-0031980388 (Pubitemid 28164131)
170. Schwarz K. B., Oxidative stress during viral infection: a review. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 1996 21 5 641 649 2-s2.0-0029782304 10.1016/0891-5849(96)00131-1 (Pubitemid 26331094)
171. Yadav D., Hertan H. I., Schweitzer P., Norkus E. P., Pitchumoni C. S., Serum and liver micronutrient antioxidants and serum oxidative stress in patients with chronic hepatitis C. American Journal of Gastroenterology 2002 97 10 2634 2639 2-s2.0-0036790718 10.1016/S0002-9270(02)04399-X
172. Choi J., Lee K. J., Zheng Y., Yamaga A. K., Lai M. M. C., Ou J.-H., Reactive oxygen species suppress hepatitis C virus RNA replication in human hepatoma cells. Hepatology 2004 39 1 81 89 2-s2.0-1442306648 10.1002/hep.20001 (Pubitemid 38461470)
173. Waris G., Siddiqui A., Hepatitis C virus stimulates the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 via oxidative stress: role of prostaglandin E2 in RNA replication. Journal of Virology 2005 79 15 9725 9734 2-s2.0-22544447811 10.1128/JVI.79.15.9725-9734.2005 (Pubitemid 41022315)
174. Waris G., Livolsi A., Imbert V., Peyron J.-F., Siddiqui A., Hepatitis C virus NS5A and subgenomic replicon activate NF- B via tyrosine phosphorylation of I B α and its degradation by calpain protease. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2003 278 42 40778 40787 2-s2.0-0142039960 10.1074/jbc.M303248200 (Pubitemid 37280895)
175. Bowman T., Garcia R., Turkson J., Jove R., STATs in oncogenesis. Oncogene 2000 19 21 2474 2488 2-s2.0-0034658698 (Pubitemid 30339203)
176. Waris G., Livolsi A., Imbert V., Peyron J.-F., Siddiqui A., Hepatitis C virus NS5A and subgenomic replicon activate NF- B via tyrosine phosphorylation of I B α and its degradation by calpain protease. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2003 278 42 40778 40787 2-s2.0-0142039960 10.1074/jbc.M303248200 (Pubitemid 37280895)
177. Jenny-Avital E. R., Hepatitis C. Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 1998 11 3 293 299 2-s2.0-0031865071 (Pubitemid 28271561)
178. Saito I., Miyamura T., Ohbayashi A., Harada H., Katayama T., Kikuchi S., Watanabe Y., Koi S., Onji M., Ohta Y., Choo Q.-L., Houghton M., Kuo G., Hepatitis C virus infection is associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1990 87 17 6547 6549 2-s2.0-0025166005
179. Forns X., Purcell R. H., Bukh J., Quasispecies in viral persistence and pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus. Trends in Microbiology 1999 7 10 402 410 2-s2.0-0032862444 10.1016/S0966-842X(99)01590-5 (Pubitemid 29450464)
180. Koike K., Hepatitis C virus contributes to hepatocarcinogenesis by modulating metabolic and intracellular signaling pathways. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2007 22 1 S108 S111 2-s2.0-34249779862 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2006.04669.x (Pubitemid 46849003)
181. Ivanov A. V., Smirnova O. A., Ivanova O. N., Masalova O. V., Kochetkov S. N., Isaguliants M. G., Hepatitis C virus proteins activate NRF2/ARE pathway by distinct ROS-dependent and independent mechanisms in HUH7 cells. PLoS ONE 2011 6 9 2-s2.0-80052750522 10.1371/journal.pone.0024957 e24957
182. Pal S., Polyak S. J., Bano N., Qiu W. C., Carithers R. L., Shuhart M., Gretch D. R., Das A., Hepatitis C virus induces oxidative stress, DNA damage and modulates the DNA repair enzyme NEIL1. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2010 25 3 627 634 2-s2.0-77649207541 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2009.06128.x
183. Bureau C., Bernad J., Chaouche N., Orfila C., Béraud M., Gonindard C., Alric L., Vinel J.-P., Pipy B., Nonstructural 3 protein of hepatitis C virus triggers an oxidative burst in human monocytes via activation of NADPH oxidase. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2001 276 25 23077 23083 2-s2.0-0035933837 10.1074/jbc.M100698200
184. García-Mediavilla M. V., Sánchez-Campos S., González-Pérez P., Gómez-Gonzalo M., Majano P. L., López-Cabrera M., Clemente G., García-Monzón C., González-Gallego J., Differential contribution of hepatitis C virus NS5A and core proteins to the induction of oxidative and nitrosative stress in human hepatocyte-derived cells. Journal of Hepatology 2005 43 4 606 613 (Pubitemid 41253227)
185. Thorén F., Romero A., Lindh M., Dahlgren C., Hellstrand K., A hepatitis C virus-encoded, nonstructural protein (NS3) triggers dysfunction and apoptosis in lymphocytes: role of NADPH oxidase-derived oxygen radicals. Journal of Leukocyte Biology 2004 76 6 1180 1186 2-s2.0-10044270011 10.1189/jlb.0704387 (Pubitemid 39602954)
186. García-Monzón C., Majano P. L., Zubia I., Sanz P., Apolinario A., Moreno-Otero R., Intrahepatic accumulation of nitrotyrosine in chronic viral hepatitis is associated with histological severity of liver disease. Journal of Hepatology 2000 32 2 331 338 2-s2.0-0342545424 10.1016/S0168-8278(00)80080-X (Pubitemid 30093914)
187. Ming-Ju H., Yih-Shou H., Tzy-Yen C., Hui-Ling C., Hepatitis C virus E2 protein induce reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related fibrogenesis in the HSC-T6 hepatic stellate cell line. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 2011 112 1 233 243 2-s2.0-78651332824 10.1002/jcb.22926
188. Li S., Ye L., Yu X., Xu B., Li K., Zhu X., Liu H., Wu X., Kong L., Hepatitis C virus NS4B induces unfolded protein response and endoplasmic reticulum overload response-dependent NF- B activation. Virology 2009 391 2 257 264 2-s2.0-68549086862 10.1016/j.virol.2009.06.039
189. Liang Y., Ye H., Cong B. K., Ho S. Y., Domain 2 of nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) of hepatitis C virus is natively unfolded. Biochemistry 2007 46 41 11550 11558 2-s2.0-35348891616 10.1021/bi700776e (Pubitemid 47585500)
190. Yen H. H., Shih K. L., Lin T. T., Su W. W., Soon M. S., Liu C. S., Decreased mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid and increased oxidative damage in chronic hepatitis C. World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012 18 36 5084 5089
191. Piccoli C., Quarato G., Ripoli M., D'Aprile A., Scrima R., Cela O., Boffoli D., Moradpour D., Capitanio N., HCV infection induces mitochondrial bioenergetic unbalance: causes and effects. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 2009 1787 5 539 546 2-s2.0-67349286520 10.1016/j.bbabio.2008.11.008
192. Piccoli C., Scrima R., D'Aprile A., Ripoli M., Lecce L., Boffoli D., Capitanio N., Mitochondrial dysfunction in hepatitis C virus infection. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 2006 1757 9-10 1429 1437 2-s2.0-33748958673 10.1016/j.bbabio.2006.05.018 (Pubitemid 44442124)
193. Gong G., Waris G., Tanveer R., Siddiqui A., Human hepatitis C virus NS5A protein alters intracellular calcium levels, induces oxidative stress, and activates STAT-3 and NF- B. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2001 98 17 9599 9604 2-s2.0-0035859871 10.1073/pnas.171311298 (Pubitemid 32769349)
194. Okuda M., Li K., Beard M. R., Showalter L. A., Scholle F., Lemon S. M., Weinman S. A., Mitochondrial injury, oxidative stress, and antioxidant gene expression are induced by hepatitis C virus core protein. Gastroenterology 2002 122 2 366 375 2-s2.0-0036165333 (Pubitemid 34116988)
195. Jaiswal M., LaRusso N. F., Shapiro R. A., Billiar T. R., Gores G. J., Nitric oxide-mediated inhibition of DNA repair potentiates oxidative DNA damage in cholangiocytes. Gastroenterology 2001 120 1 190 199 2-s2.0-0035170217 (Pubitemid 32061883)
196. Machida K., Mcnamara G., Cheng K. T.-H., Huang J., Wang C.-H., Comai L., Ou J.-H. J., Lai M. M. C., Hepatitis C virus inhibits DNA damage repair through reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and by interfering with the ATM-NBS1/Mre11/Rad50 DNA repair pathway in monocytes and hepatocytes. Journal of Immunology 2010 185 11 6985 6998 2-s2.0-78650667610 10.4049/jimmunol.1000618
197. Machida K., Tsukamoto H., Liu J.-C., Han Y.-P., Govindarajan S., Lai M. M. C., Akira S., Ou J.-H. J., c-Jun mediates hepatitis C virus hepatocarcinogenesis through signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and nitric oxide-dependent impairment of oxidative DNA repair. Hepatology 2010 52 2 480 492 2-s2.0-77955702663 10.1002/hep.23697
198. Choi J., Ou J.-H. J., Mechanisms of liver injury. III. Oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus. American Journal of Physiology: Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 2006 290 5 G847 G851 2-s2.0-33645819203 10.1152/ajpgi.00522.2005
199. Jain S. K., Pemberton P. W., Smith A., McMahon R. F. T., Burrows P. C., Aboutwerat A., Warnes T. W., Oxidative stress in chronic hepatitis C: not just a feature of late stage disease. Journal of Hepatology 2002 36 6 805 811 2-s2.0-0036623357 10.1016/S0168-8278(02)00060-0 (Pubitemid 35177411)
200. Peterhans E., Oxidants and antioxidants in viral diseases: disease mechanisms and metabolic regulation. Journal of Nutrition 1997 127 5 962S 965S 2-s2.0-0030947119 (Pubitemid 27209479)
201. Levander O. A., Nutrition and newly emerging viral diseases: an overview. Journal of Nutrition 1997 127 5 948S 950S 2-s2.0-0030900115 (Pubitemid 27209476)
202. Hennet T., Ziltener H. J., Frei K., Peterhans E., A kinetic study of immune mediators in the lungs of mice infected with influenza A virus. Journal of Immunology 1992 149 3 932 939 2-s2.0-0026703488
203. Akaike T., Ando M., Oda T., Doi T., Ijiri S., Araki S., Maeda H., Dependence on O2- generation by xanthine oxidase of pathogenesis of influenza virus infection in mice. Journal of Clinical Investigation 1990 85 3 739 745 2-s2.0-0025193910 (Pubitemid 20087476)
204. Oda T., Akaike T., Hamamoto T., Suzuki F., Hirano T., Maeda H., Oxygen radicals in influenza-induced pathogenesis and treatment with pyran polymer-conjugated SOD. Science 1989 244 4907 974 976 2-s2.0-0024375781 (Pubitemid 19152287)
205. Kunder S. C., Wu L., Morahan P. S., Protection against murine cytomegalovirus infection in aged mice and mice with severe combined immunodeficiency disease with the biological response modifiers polyribosinic-polycytidylic acid stabilized with L-lysine and carboxymethylcellulose, maleic anhydride divinyl ether and colony stimulating factor I. Antiviral Research 1993 21 3 233 245 2-s2.0-0027322975 10.1016/0166-3542(93)90030-M (Pubitemid 23188005)
206. Dvoretzky I., Flulike symptoms with interferon. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 1990 22 2 321 322 2-s2.0-0025362486 (Pubitemid 20209121)
207. Belding M. E., Klebanoff S. J., Ray C. G., Peroxidase-mediated virucidal systems. Science 1970 167 3915 195 196 2-s2.0-0014937614
208. Russell R. J., Kerry P. S., Stevens D. J., Steinhauer D. A., Martin S. R., Gamblin S. J., Skehel J. J., Structure of influenza hemagglutinin in complex with an inhibitor of membrane fusion. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2008 105 46 17736 17741 2-s2.0-56649120628 10.1073/pnas.0807142105
209. Rott R., Klenk H.-D., Nagai Y., Tashiro M., Influenza viruses, cell enzymes, and pathogenicity. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 1995 152 4 S16 S19 2-s2.0-0029078485
210. Kido H., Sakai K., Kishino Y., Tashiro M., Pulmonary surfactant is a potential endogenous inhibitor of proteolytic activation of Sendai virus and influenza A virus. FEBS Letters 1993 322 2 115 119 2-s2.0-0027173736 10.1016/0014-5793(93)81549-F (Pubitemid 23140359)
211. Hennet T., Peterhans E., Stocker R., Alterations in antioxidant defences in lung and liver of mice infected with influenza A virus. Journal of General Virology 1992 73 1 39 46 2-s2.0-0026551798
212. Geiler J., Michaelis M., Naczk P., Leutz A., Langer K., Doerr H.-W., Cinatl J. Jr., N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) inhibits virus replication and expression of pro-inflammatory molecules in A549 cells infected with highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza A virus. Biochemical Pharmacology 2010 79 3 413 420 2-s2.0-70450221927 10.1016/j.bcp.2009.08.025
213. Suliman H. B., Ryan L. K., Bishop L., Folz R. J., Prevention of influenza-induced lung injury in mice overexpressing extracellular superoxide dismutase. American Journal of Physiology: Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 2001 280 1 L69 L78 2-s2.0-0035009180
214. Allen R. G., Balin A. K., Oxidative influence on development and differentiation: an overview of a free radical theory of development. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 1989 6 6 631 661 2-s2.0-0024382255 (Pubitemid 19147814)
215. Hitchler M. J., Domann F. E., An epigenetic perspective on the free radical theory of development. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 2007 43 7 1023 1036 2-s2.0-34548140496 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.06.027 (Pubitemid 47302657)
216. Vlahos R., Stambas J., Selemidis S., Suppressing production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) for influenza A virus therapy. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences 2012 33 1 3 8 2-s2.0-84855779811 10.1016/j.tips.2011.09.001
217. Munday B. L., Kwang J., Moody N., Betanodavirus infections of teleost fish: a review. Journal of Fish Diseases 2002 25 3 127 142 2-s2.0-0036208869 10.1046/j.1365-2761.2002.00350.x (Pubitemid 34267855)
218. Delsert C., Morin N., Comps M., A fish encephalitis virus that differs from other nodaviruses by its capsid protein processing. Archives of Virology 1997 142 12 2359 2371 2-s2.0-0031474493 10.1007/s007050050248 (Pubitemid 28017260)
219. Wu H.-C., Chiu C.-S., Wu J.-L., Gong H.-Y., Chen M.-C., Lu M.-W., Hong J.-R., Zebrafish anti-apoptotic protein zfBcl-xL can block betanodavirus protein α -induced mitochondria-mediated secondary necrosis cell death. Fish and Shellfish Immunology 2008 24 4 436 449 2-s2.0-40149085991 10.1016/j.fsi.2008.01. 001
220. Gou D., Jin N., Liu L., Gene silencing in mammalian cells by PCR-based short hairpin RNA. FEBS Letters 2003 548 1-3 113 118 2-s2.0-0043238703 10.1016/S0014-5793(03)00630-6 (Pubitemid 37281260)
221. Su Y.-C., Wu J.-L., Hong J.-R., Betanodavirus non-structural protein B2: a novel necrotic death factor that induces mitochondria-mediated cell death in fish cells. Virology 2009 385 1 143 154 2-s2.0-60349123667 10.1016/j.virol.2008. 11.036
222. Chen L.-J., Su Y.-C., Hong J.-R., Betanodavirus non-structural protein B1: a novel anti-necrotic death factor that modulates cell death in early replication cycle in fish cells. Virology 2009 385 2 444 454 2-s2.0-60649120725 10.1016/j.virol.2008.11.048
223. Chang C.-W., Su Y.-C., Her G.-M., Ken C.-F., Hong J.-R., Betanodavirus induces oxidative Stress-Mediated cell death that prevented by Anti-Oxidants and zfcatalase in fish cells. PLoS ONE 2011 6 10 2-s2.0-80053440975 10.1371/journal.pone.0025853 e25853
224. Sugioka K., Nakano M., Totsune-Nakano H., Minakami H., Tero-Kubota S., Ikegami Y., Mechanism of O2- generation in reduction and oxidation cycle of ubiquinones in a model of mitochondrial electron transport systems. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta: Bioenergetics 1988 936 3 377 385 2-s2.0-0024281056 (Pubitemid 19002540)
225. Turrens J. F., Boveris A., Generation of superoxide anion by the NADH dehydrogenase of bovine heart mitochondria. Biochemical Journal 1980 191 2 421 427 2-s2.0-0019083215
226. Turrens J. F., Alexandre A., Lehninger A. L., Ubisemiquinone is the electron donor for superoxide formation by complex III of heart mitochondria. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 1985 237 2 408 414 2-s2.0-0021996572 (Pubitemid 15144894)
227. St-Pierre J., Buckingham J. A., Roebuck S. J., Brand M. D., Topology of superoxide production from different sites in the mitochondrial electron transport chain. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 2002 277 47 44784 44790 2-s2.0-0037160091 10.1074/jbc.M207217200 (Pubitemid 36159072)
228. Ott M., Gogvadze V., Orrenius S., Mitochondria, oxidative stress and cell death. Apoptosis 2007 12 5 913 922 2-s2.0-34247490186 10.1007/s10495-007-0756-2 (Pubitemid 46653300)
229. Peterhans E., Oxidants and antioxidants in viral diseases: disease mechanisms and metabolic regulation. The Journal of Nutrition 1997 127 5 962S 965S 2-s2.0-0030947119 (Pubitemid 27209479)