Physical energy for drug delivery; poration, concentration and activation

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews

Volumn 71, Issue , 2014, Pages 98-114

  Lakshmanan, Shanmugamurthy ^a,b   Gupta, Gaurav K ^a,b   Avci, Pinar ^a,b   Chandran, Rakkiyappan ^a   Sadasivam, Magesh ^a   Jorge, Ana Elisa Serafim ^a,d   Hamblin, Michael R ^a,b,c  

^a MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^c HARVARD MIT DIVISION OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF SÃO PAULO   (Brazil)

Author keywords

Electroporation; Gene transfection; Magnetoporation; Nanoparticles; Optoporation; Photothermal therapy; Smart drug carriers; Sonoporation; Thermoporation

Indexed keywords

ELECTRIC FIELDS; ELECTROPHORESIS; ELECTROTHERAPEUTICS; GENE THERAPY; NANOPARTICLES; PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY;

DRUG CARRIER; ELECTROPORATION; GENE TRANSFECTION; MAGNETOPORATION; OPTOPORATION; PHOTOTHERMAL THERAPY; SONOPORATION; THERMOPORATION;

DRUG DELIVERY;

AMINOLEVULINIC ACID; CORTICOSTEROID; CYTOTOXIC AGENT; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; ROPINIROLE; DNA; DRUG CARRIER;

ACTINIC KERATOSIS; CONTROLLED DRUG RELEASE; DNA VECTOR; DRUG COATING; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM; DRUG TARGETING; ELECTRIC FIELD; ELECTROPORATION; ENCAPSULATION; ENERGY; GENE TARGETING; HUMAN; INFLAMMATORY DISEASE; IONTOPHORESIS; LIGHT; MAGNETIC FIELD; MAGNETOPORATION; MUSCULOSKELETAL DISEASE; OPTOPORATION; PARKINSON DISEASE; PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SONOPORATION; TEMPERATURE; THERANOSTICS; THERMOPORATION; ULTRASOUND; ANIMAL; CHEMISTRY; DRUG DESIGN; GENE THERAPY; GENE VECTOR; PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY; PROCEDURES;

ANIMALS; DNA; DRUG CARRIERS; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS; DRUG DESIGN; ELECTROPORATION; GENETIC THERAPY; GENETIC VECTORS; HUMANS; IONTOPHORESIS; PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY;

EID: 84901419926     PISSN: 0169409X     EISSN: 18728294     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.05.010     Document Type: Review

References (239)

1. Koo O.M., Rubinstein I., Onyuksel H. Role of nanotechnology in targeted drug delivery and imaging: a concise review. J. Nanomed. Nanotechnol. 2005, 1:193-212.
2. Poste G., Kirsh R. Site-specific (targeted) drug delivery in cancer therapy. Nat. Biotechnol. 1983, 1:869-878.
3. Jain K.K. Drug delivery systems. Method Mol Biol 2008, 1-251. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. J.M. Walker (Ed.).
4. Hofmann-Amtenbrink M., Rechenberg B.v., Hofmann H. Supermagnetic Nanoparticles for Biomedical Application 2009, Transworld Research Network, Trivandrum, Kerala, India.
5. Gupta A., Avci P., Sadasivam M., Chandran R., Parizotto N., Vecchio D., de Melo W.C.M.A., Dai T., Chiang L.Y., Hamblin M.R. Shining light on nanotechnology to help repair and regeneration. Biotechnol. Adv. 2012.
6. Huang X., Chen Y.J., Peng D.Y., Li Q.L., Wang X.S., Wang D.L., Chen W.D. Solid lipid nanoparticles as delivery systems for gambogenic acid. Colloids Surf. B 2013, 102:391-397.
7. Puri A., Loomis K., Smith B., Lee J.H., Yavlovich A., Heldman E., Blumenthal R. Lipid-based nanoparticles as pharmaceutical drug carriers: from concepts to clinic. Crit. Rev. Ther. Drug 2009, 26:523-580.
8. Aliabadi H.M., Lavasanifar A. Polymeric micelles for drug delivery. Expert Opin. Drug Deliv. 2006, 3:139-162.
9. Kwon G.S., Okano T. Polymeric micelles as new drug carriers. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 1996, 21:107-116.
10. Kim J.O., Nukolova N.V., Oberoi H.S., Kabanov A.V., Bronich T.K. Block ionomer complex micelles with cross-linked cores for drug delivery. Polym. Sci. Ser. A Polym. Phys. 2009, 51:708-718.
11. Pothayee N., Pothayee N., Jain N., Hu N., Balasubramaniam S., Johnson L.M., Davis R.M., Sriranganathan N., Riffle J.S. Magnetic block ionomer complexes for potential dual imaging and therapeutic agents. Chem. Mater. 2012, 24:2056-2063.
12. Patri A.K., Kukowska-Latallo J.F., Baker J.R. Targeted drug delivery with dendrimers: comparison of the release kinetics of covalently conjugated drug and non-covalent drug inclusion complex. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 2005, 57:2203-2214.
13. Sun M., Fan A., Wang Z., Zhao Y. Dendrimer-mediated drug delivery to the skin. Soft Matter 2012, 8:4301-4305.
14. Liong M., Lu J., Kovochich M., Xia T., Ruehm S.G., Nel A.E., Tamanoi F., Zink J.I. Multifunctional inorganic nanoparticles for imaging, targeting, and drug delivery. ACS Nano 2008, 2:889-896.
15. Fornara A., Recalenda A., Qin J., Sugunan A., Ye F., Laurent S., Muller R.N., Zou J., Usama A.R., Toprak M.S., Muhammed M. Polymeric/inorganic multifunctional nanoparticles for simultaneous drug delivery and visualization. MRS Online Proceedings Library 2010, 1257. (0-0).
16. Zhang C., Li C., Huang S., Hou Z., Cheng Z., Yang P., Peng C., Lin J. Self-activated luminescent and mesoporous strontium hydroxyapatite nanorods for drug delivery. Biomaterials 2010, 31:3374-3383.
17. Niidome T., Yamagata M., Okamoto Y., Akiyama Y., Takahashi H., Kawano T., Katayama Y., Niidome Y. PEG-modified gold nanorods with a stealth character for in vivo applications. J. Control. Release 2006, 114:343-347.
18. Qi L., Gao X. Emerging application of quantum dots for drug delivery and therapy. Expert Opin. Drug Deliv. 2008, 5:263-267.
19. Ozkan M. Quantum dots and other nanoparticles: what can they offer to drug discovery?. Drug Discov. Today 2004, 9:1065-1071.
20. Liu Z., Chen K., Davis C., Sherlock S., Cao Q., Chen X., Dai H. Drug delivery with carbon nanotubes for in vivo cancer treatment. Cancer Res. 2008, 68:6652-6660.
21. Hilder T.A., Hill J.M. Carbon nanotubes as drug delivery nanocapsules. Curr. Appl. Phys. 2008, 8:258-261.
22. Slowing I.I., Trewyn B.G., Giri S., Lin V.S.Y. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles for drug delivery and biosensing applications. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2007, 17:1225-1236.
23. Wang C., Cheng L., Liu Z. Drug delivery with upconversion nanoparticles for multi-functional targeted cancer cell imaging and therapy. Biomaterials 2011, 32:1110-1120.
24. Chatterjee D.K., Fong L.S., Zhang Y. Nanoparticles in photodynamic therapy: an emerging paradigm. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 2008, 60:1627-1637.
25. Yu W.W., Chang E., Drezek R., Colvin V.L. Water-soluble quantum dots for biomedical applications. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2006, 348:781-786.
26. De M., Ghosh P.S., Rotello V.M. Applications of nanoparticles in biology. Adv. Mater. 2008, 20:4225-4241.
27. Duncan R. Drug-polymer conjugates: potential for improved chemotherapy. Anti Cancer Drugs 1992, 3:175-210.
28. Giani G., Fedi S., Barbucci R. Hybrid magnetic hydrogel: a potential system for controlled drug delivery by means of alternating magnetic fields. Polymers 2012, 4:1157-1169.
29. Asmatulu R., Fakhari A., Wamocha H.L., Chu H.Y., Chen Y.Y., Eltabey M.M., Hamdeh H.H., Ho J.C. Drug-carrying magnetic nanocomposite particles for potential drug delivery systems. J. Nanotechnol. 2009, 2009:1-6.
30. Kassan D.G., Lynch A.M., Stiller M.J. Physical enhancement of dermatologic drug delivery: iontophoresis and phonophoresis. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 1996, 34:657-666.
31. Prausnitz M.R., Mitragotri S., Langer R. Current status and future potential of transdermal drug delivery. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 2004, 3:115-124.
32. Golzio M., Rols M.P., Teissie J. In vitro and in vivo electric field-mediated permeabilization, gene transfer, and expression. Methods 2004, 33:126-135.
33. Best S.R., Peng S., Juang C.M., Hung C.F., Hannaman D., Saunders J.R., Wu T.C., Pai S.I. Administration of HPV DNA vaccine via electroporation elicits the strongest CD8+ T cell immune responses compared to intramuscular injection and intradermal gene gun delivery. Vaccine 2009, 27:5450-5459.
34. Roos A.K., Moreno S., Leder C., Pavlenko M., King A., Pisa P. Enhancement of cellular immune response to a prostate cancer DNA vaccine by intradermal electroporation. Mol. Ther. 2006, 13:320-327.
35. Kyrtatos P.G., Lehtolainen P., Junemann-Ramirez M., Garcia-Prieto A., Price A.N., Martin J.F., Gadian D.G., Pankhurst Q.A., Lythgoe M.F. Magnetic tagging increases delivery of circulating progenitors in vascular injury. JACC Cardiovasc. Interv. 2009, 2:794-802.
36. Medarova Z., Pham W., Farrar C., Petkova V., Moore A. In vivo imaging of siRNA delivery and silencing in tumors. Nat. Med. 2007, 13:372-377.
37. Chu G., Hayakawa H., Berg P. Electroporation for the efficient transfection of mammalian cells with DNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 1987, 15:1311-1326.
38. Escoffre J.M., Portet T., Wasungu L., Teissie J., Dean D., Rols M.P. What is (Still not) known of the mechanism by which electroporation mediates gene transfer and expression in cells and tissues. Mol. Biotechnol. 2009, 41:286-295.
39. A. Ostrow, Transdermal magnetic delivery system and method, in: U.S. Patents (Ed.) US, United States, 2002, pp. 1-11.
40. Liu D., Wang L., Wang Z., Cuschieri A. Magnetoporation and magnetolysis of cancer cells via carbon nanotubes induced by rotating magnetic fields. Nano Lett. 2012, 12:5117-5121.
41. Pan H., Zhou Y., Sieling F., Shi J., Cui J., Deng C. Sonoporation of cells for drug and gene delivery. Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2004. IEMBS '04. 26th Annual International Conference of the IEEE 2004, 3531-3534.
42. Zhou Y. Ultrasound-mediated drug/gene delivery in solid tumor treatment. J. Health Eng. 2013, 4:223-254.
43. Yanyan Z., Ballas C.B., Rao M.P. Towards ultrahigh throughput microinjection: MEMS-based massively-parallelized mechanoporation. Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 2012 Annual International Conference of the IEEE 2012, 594-597.
44. Yueh-Ling H. Effects of ultrasound and diclofenac phonophoresis on inflammatory pain relief: suppression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in arthritic rats. Phys. Ther. 2006, 86:39-49.
45. Tyle P., Agrawala P. Drug delivery by phonophoresis. Pharm. Res. 1989, 6:355-361.
46. Soman P., Zhang W., Umeda A., Zhang Z.J., Chen S. Femtosecond laser-assisted optoporation for drug and gene delivery into single mammalian cells. J. Biomed. Nanotechnol. 2011, 7:1-8.
47. Gu L., Mohanty S.K. Targeted microinjection into cells and retina using optoporation. J. Biomed. Opt. 2011, 16:128003.
48. Popescu D., Stelian I., Popescu A.G., Neacsu N., Flonta M.L. The effect of lipid bilayer hydration on transbilayer pores appearance. Romanian J. Biophys. 2006, 16:39-56.
49. Dumitru Popescu S.I., Popescu Aurel, Movileanu Liviu Planar lipid bilayers (BLMs) and their applications. Elastic Properties of Bilayer Lipid Membranes and Pore Formation 2003, 174. Elsevier Scince B.V., Netherlands. H.T. Tien, A. Ottava-Leitmannova (Eds.).
50. T.J. Kardos, Method of Contactless Magnetic Electroporation, in: U.S. Patents (Ed.) CA, US, 2010, pp. 1-9.
51. Nishiyama N., Bae Y., Miyata K., Fukushima S., Kataoka K. Smart polymeric micelles for gene and drug delivery. Drug Discov. Today: Technol. 2005, 2:21-26.
52. Hamblin M.R., Hasan T. Photodynamic therapy: a new antimicrobial approach to infectious disease?. Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 2004, 3:436-450.
53. Hamblin M.R., Luke Newman E. New trends in photobiology: on the mechanism of the tumour-localising effect in photodynamic therapy. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B 1994, 23:3-8.
54. Huang X., Jain P., El-Sayed I., El-Sayed M. Plasmonic photothermal therapy (PPTT) using gold nanoparticles. Lasers Med. Sci. 2008, 23:217-228.
55. Kelkar S.S., Reineke T.M. Theranostics: combining imaging and therapy. Bioconjug. Chem. 2011, 22:1879-1903.
56. Liu Z., Liang X.J. Nano-carbons as theranostics. Theranostics 2012, 2:235-237.
57. Agostinis P., Berg K., Cengel K.A., Foster T.H., Girotti A.W., Gollnick S.O., Hahn S.M., Hamblin M.R., Juzeniene A., Kessel D., Korbelik M., Moan J., Mroz P., Nowis D., Piette J., Wilson B.C., Golab J. Photodynamic therapy of cancer: an update. CA Cancer J. Clin. 2011, 61:250-281.
58. St Denis T.G., Dai T., Izikson L., Astrakas C., Anderson R.R., Hamblin M.R., Tegos G.P. All you need is light: antimicrobial photoinactivation as an evolving and emerging discovery strategy against infectious disease. Virulence 2011, 2.
59. Glaeser J., Nuss A.M., Berghoff B.A., Klug G. Singlet oxygen stress in microorganisms. Adv. Microb. Physiol. 2011, 58:141-173.
60. Silva A.K.A., Silva E.L.d., Oliveira E.E., Egito E.S.T., Carrico A.S. Polymeric superparamagnetic carriers as potential drug delivery systems. PublICa 2005, 1:8-15.
61. Lübbe A.S., Alexiou C., Bergemann C. Clinical applications of magnetic drug targeting. J. Surg. Res. 2001, 95:200-206.
62. Alexiou C., Jurgons R., Schmid R.J., Bergemann C., Henke J., Erhard W., Huenges E., Parak F. Magnetic Drug targeting-biodistribution of the magnetic carrier and the chemotherapeutic agent mitoxantrone after locoregional cancer treatment. J. Drug Target. 2003, 11:139-149.
63. Dobson J. Magnetic nanoparticle for drug delivery. Drug Dev. Res. 2006, 67:1-2.
64. Upadhyay D., Scalia S., Vogel R., Wheate N., Salama R., Young P., Traini D., Chrzanowski W. Magnetised thermo responsive lipid vehicles for targeted and controlled lung drug delivery. Pharm. Res. 2012, 29:2456-2467.
65. McGill S.L., Cuylear C.L., Adolphi N.L., Osinski M., Smyth H.D.C. Magnetically responsive nanoparticles for drug delivery applications using low magnetic field strengths, nanobioscience. IEEE Trans. 2009, 8:33-42.
66. McBain S.C., Yiu H.H., Dobson J. Magnetic nanoparticles for gene and drug delivery. Int. J. Nanomedicine 2008, 3:169-180.
67. Chomoucka J., Drbohlavova J., Huska D., Adam V., Kizek R., Hubalek J. Magnetic nanoparticles and targeted drug delivering. Pharmacol. Res. 2010, 62:144-149.
68. Haverkort J.W., Kenjeres S. Optimizing drug delivery using non-uniform magnetic fields: a numerical study. ECIFMBE 2008 2008, 2623-2627. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, Heidelberg. J.V. Sloten, P. Verdonck, M. Nyssen, J. Haueisen (Eds.).
69. Graham A.P., Duesberg G.S., Hoenlein W., Kreupl F., Liebau M., Martin R., Rajasekharan B., Pamler W., Seidel R., Steinhoegl W., Unger E. How do carbon nanotubes fit into the semiconductor roadmap?. Appl. Phys. A 2005, 80:1141-1151.
70. Xiong Y.Y. Study on photodynamic therapy for HL60 cells inactivation by visible light-induced Fe-doped nano-TiO2 under magnetic field. Adv. Mater. Res. 2010, 136.
71. Scherer F., Anton M., Schillinger U., Henke J., Bergemann C., Kruger A., Gansbacher B., Plank C. Magnetofection: enhancing and targeting gene delivery by magnetic force in vitro and in vivo. Gene Ther. 2002, 9:102-109.
72. Neuberger T., Schöpf B., Hofmann H., Hofmann M., von Rechenberg B. Superparamagnetic nanoparticles for biomedical applications: possibilities and limitations of a new drug delivery system. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 2005, 293:483-496.
73. Lien Y.H., Wu T.M. The application of thermosensitive magnetic nanoparticles in drug delivery. Adv. Mater. Res. 2008, 47-50:528-531.
74. Vicente-Manzanares M., nchez-Madrid F. Cell polarization: a comparative cell biology and immunological view. Dev. Immunol. 2000, 7:51-65.
75. Huttenlocher A. Cell polarization mechanisms during directed cell migration. Nat. Cell Biol. 2005, 7:336-337.
76. Chang D.C. Cell poration and cell fusion using an oscillating electric field. Biophys. J. 1989, 56:641-652.
77. Chernomordik L.V., Sukharev S.I., Popov S.V., Pastushenko V.F., Sokirko A.V., Abidor I.G., Chizmadzhev Y.A. The electrical breakdown of cell and lipid membranes: the similarity of phenomenologies. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1987, 902:360-373.
78. Grodzinsky A.J. Electromechanical and physicochemical properties of connective tissue. Crit. Rev. Biomed. Eng. 1983, 9:133-199.
79. Murthy S.N., Zhao Y.L., Sen A., Hui S.W. Cyclodextrin enhanced transdermal delivery of piroxicam and carboxyfluorescein by electroporation. J. Control. Release 2004, 99:393-402.
80. Huang J.F., Sung K.C., Hu O.Y., Wang J.J., Lin Y.H., Fang J.Y. The effects of electrically assisted methods on transdermal delivery of nalbuphine benzoate and sebacoyl dinalbuphine ester from solutions and hydrogels. Int. J. Pharm. 2005, 297:162-171.
81. Badkar A.V., Smith A.M., Eppstein J.A., Banga A.K. Transdermal delivery of interferon alpha-2B using microporation and iontophoresis in hairless rats. Pharm. Res. 2007, 24:1389-1395.
82. Wong T.W., Zhao Y.L., Sen A., Hui S.W. Pilot study of topical delivery of methotrexate by electroporation. Br. J. Dermatol. 2005, 152:524-530.
83. Tokudome Y., Sugibayashi K. Mechanism of the synergic effects of calcium chloride and electroporation on the in vitro enhanced skin permeation of drugs. J. Control. Release 2004, 95:267-274.
84. Nishikawa M., Yamauchi M., Morimoto K., Ishid E., Takakura Y., Hashida M. Hepatocyte-targeted in vivo gene expression by intravenous injection of plasmid DNA complexed with synthetic multi-functional gene delivery system. Gene Ther. 2000, 7:548-555.
85. Heller L.C., Jaroszeski M.J., Coppola D., McCray A.N., Hickey J., Heller R. Optimization of cutaneous electrically mediated plasmid DNA delivery using novel electrode. Gene Ther. 2007, 14:275-280.
86. Preat V. Drug and gene delivery using electrotransfer. Ann. Pharm. Fr. 2001, 59:239-244.
87. Chesnoy S., Huang L. Enhanced cutaneous gene delivery following intradermal injection of naked DNA in a high ionic strength solution. Mol. Ther. 2002, 5:57-62.
88. Dean D.A., Machado-Aranda D., Blair-Parks K., Yeldandi A.V., Young J.L. Electroporation as a method for high-level nonviral gene transfer to the lung. Gene Ther. 2003, 10:1608-1615.
89. Zhou R., Norton J.E., Dean D.A. Electroporation-mediated gene delivery to the lungs. Methods Mol. Biol. 2008, 423:233-247.
90. Pringle I.A., McLachlan G., Collie D.D., Sumner-Jones S.G., Lawton A.E., Tennant P., Baker A., Gordon C., Blundell R., Varathalingam A., Davies L.A., Schmid R.A., Cheng S.H., Porteous D.J., Gill D.R., Hyde S.C. Electroporation enhances reporter gene expression following delivery of naked plasmid DNA to the lung. J. Gene Med. 2007, 9:369-380.
91. Vanbever R., LeBoulenge E., Preat V. Transdermal delivery of fentanyl by electroporation. I. Influence of electrical factors. Pharm. Res. 1996, 13:559-565.
92. Denet A.R., Preat V. Transdermal delivery of timolol by electroporation through human skin. J. Control. Release 2003, 88:253-262.
93. Prausnitz M.R., Bose V.G., Langer R., Weaver J.C. Electroporation of mammalian skin: a mechanism to enhance transdermal drug delivery. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1993, 90:10504-10508.
94. Zhou R., Dean D.A. Gene transfer of interleukin 10 to the murine cornea using electroporation. Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood) 2007, 232:362-369.
95. Blair-Parks K., Weston B.C., Dean D.A. High-level gene transfer to the cornea using electroporation. J. Gene Med. 2002, 4:92-100.
96. Echeverri K., Tanaka E.M. Electroporation as a tool to study in vivo spinal cord regeneration. Dev. Dyn. 2003, 226:418-425.
97. Lin C.R., Tai M.H., Cheng J.T., Chou A.K., Wang J.J., Tan P.H., Marsala M., Yang L.C. Electroporation for direct spinal gene transfer in rats. Neurosci. Lett. 2002, 317:1-4.
98. Hargrave B., Downey H., Strange R., Murray L., Cinnamond C., Lundberg C., Israel A., Chen Y.J., Marshall W., Heller R. Electroporation-mediated gene transfer directly to the swine heart. Gene Ther. 2013, 20:151-157.
99. Ayuni E.L., Gazdhar A., Giraud M.N., Kadner A., Gugger M., Cecchini M., Caus T., Carrel T.P., Schmid R.A., Tevaearai H.T. In vivo electroporation mediated gene delivery to the beating heart. PLoS One 2010, 5:e14467.
100. Ellis T.L., Garcia P.A., Rossmeisl J.H., Henao-Guerrero N., Robertson J., Davalos R.V. Nonthermal irreversible electroporation for intracranial surgical applications. Laboratory investigation. J. Neurosurg. 2011, 114:681-688.
101. Garcia P.A., Rossmeisl J.H., Neal R.E., Ellis T.L., Olson J.D., Henao-Guerrero N., Robertson J., Davalos R.V. Intracranial nonthermal irreversible electroporation: in vivo analysis. J. Membr. Biol. 2010, 236:127-136.
102. Neal R.E., Rossmeisl J.H., Garcia P.A., Lanz O.I., Henao-Guerrero N., Davalos R.V. Successful treatment of a large soft tissue sarcoma with irreversible electroporation. J. Clin. Oncol. 2011, 29:e372-e377.
103. Yao S., Gutierrez D.L., Ring S., Liu D., Wise G.E. Electroporation to deliver plasmid DNA into rat dental tissues. J. Gene Med. 2010, 12:981-989.
104. Yao S., Rana S., Liu D., Wise G.E. Electroporation optimization to deliver plasmid DNA into dental follicle cells. Biotechnol. J. 2009, 4:1488-1496.
105. Neumann E., Schaefer-Ridder M., Wang Y., Hofschneider P.H. Gene transfer into mouse lyoma cells by electroporation in high electric fields. EMBO J. 1982, 1:841-845.
106. Peng L.H., Tsang S.Y., Tabata Y., Gao J.Q. Genetically-manipulated adult stem cells as therapeutic agents and gene delivery vehicle for wound repair and regeneration. J. Control. Release 2012, 157:321-330.
107. Zhou A., Liu M., Baciu C., Glück B., Berg H. Membrane electroporation increases photodynamic effects. J. Electroanal. Chem. 2000, 486:220-224.
108. Lambreva M., Glück B., Radeva M., Berg H. Electroporation of cell membranes supporting penetration of photodynamic active macromolecular chromophore dextrans. Bioelectrochemistry 2004, 62:95-98.
109. Juan Xu Y.S., Huang Junjie, Chen Chunmei, Liu Guoyuan, Jiang Yan, Zhao Yaomin, Jiang Zhiyu Photokilling cancer cells using highly cell-specific antibody-TiO2 bioconjugates and electroporation. Bioelectrochemistry 2007, 71:217-222.
110. Sardesai N.Y., Weiner B. Electroporation delivery of DNA vaccines: prospects for success. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 2011, 23:421-429.
111. Boccaccini A.R., Ma R., Li Y., Zhitomirsky I. Electrophoretic deposition of biomaterials. J. R. Soc. Interface 2010, 7.
112. Sen A., Zhao Y.L., Hui S.W. Saturated anionic phospholipids enhance transdermal transport by electroporation. Biophys. J. 2002, 83:2064-2073.
113. Rubinsky B., Onik G., Mikus P. Irreversible electroporation: a new ablation modality - clinical implications. Technol. Cancer Res. Treat. 2007, 6:1-12.
114. Peng J., Zhao Y., Mai J., Guo W., Xu Y. Short noncoding DNA fragment improve efficiencies of in vivo electroporation-mediated gene transfer. J. Gene Med. 2012, 14:563-569.
115. Shoji M., Katayama K., Tachibana M., Tomita K., Sakurai F., Kawabata K., Mizuguchi H. Intramuscular DNA immunization with in vivo electroporation induces antigen-specific cellular and humoral immune responses in both systemic and gut-mucosal compartments. Vaccine 2012, 30:7278-7285.
116. Lee P.Y., Chesnoy S., Huang L. Electroporatic delivery of TGF-β1 gene works synergistically with electric therapy to enhance diabetic wound healing in db/db mice. J. Invest. Dermatol. 2004, 123:791-798.
117. Heller L.C., Heller R. Electroporation gene therapy preclinical and clinical trials for melanoma. Curr. Gene Ther. 2013, 10:312-317.
118. Mannem V., Nanjarapalle C., Stagni G. Iontophoresis of amoxicillin and cefuroxime: rapid therapeutic concentrations in skin. Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. 2013, 1-5.
119. Malinovskaja K., Laaksonen T., Kontturi K., Hirvonen J. Ion-exchange and iontophoresis-controlled delivery of apomorphine. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm 2013.
120. Minkowitz H.S. Fentanyl iontophoretic transdermal system: a review. Tech. Reg. Anesth. Pain Manag. 2007, 11:3-8.
121. Silber S., Richartz B.M. Evidence-based application of cardiac magnetic resonance and computed tomography for primary diagnosis of stable coronary artery disease with special attention to disease management program and the German National Medical Care Guidelines. Herz 2007, 32:139-158.
122. Dixit N., Bali V., Baboota S., Ahuja A., Ali J. Iontophoresis - an approach for controlled drug delivery: a review. Curr. Drug Deliv. 2007, 4:1-10.
123. Singh N.D., Banga A.K. Controlled delivery of ropinirole hydrochloride through skin using modulated iontophoresis and microneedles. J. Drug Target. 2013, 21:354-366.
124. Mizutani K., Watanabe D., Akita Y., Akimoto M., Tamada Y., Matsumoto Y. Photodynamic therapy using direct-current pulsed iontophoresis for 5-aminolevulinic acid application. Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed. 2009, 25:280-282.
125. Togsverd-Bo K., Haak C.S., Thaysen-Petersen D., Wulf H.C., Anderson R.R., Hædesdal M. Intensified photodynamic therapy of actinic keratoses with fractional CO2 laser: a randomized clinical trial. Br. J. Dermatol. 2012, 166:1262-1269.
126. Haak C.S., Farinelli W.A., Tam J., Doukas A.G., Anderson R.R., Hædersdal M. Fractional laser-assisted delivery of methyl aminolevulinate: impact of laser channel depth and incubation time. Lasers Surg. Med. 2012, 44:787-795.
127. Forster B., Klein A., Szeimies R.M., Maisch T. Penetration enhancement of two topical 5-aminolaevulinic acid formulations for photodynamic therapy by erbium:YAG laser ablation of the stratum corneum: continuous versus fractional ablation. Exp. Dermatol. 2010, 19:806-812.
128. Lee W.R., Shen S.C., Wang K.H., Hu C.H., Fang J.Y. Lasers and microdermabrasion enhance and control topical delivery of vitamin C. J. Invest. Dermatol. 2003, 121:1118-1125.
129. Schneckenburger H., Hendinger A., Sailer R., Strauss W.S.L., Schmitt M. Laser-assisted optoporation of single cells. J. Biomed. Opt. 2002, 7:410-416.
130. Kennedy J.C., Pottier R.H. Endogenous protoporphyrin IX, a clinically useful photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B 1992, 14:275-292.
131. Fijan S., Honigsmann H., Ortel B. Photodynamic therapy of epithelial skin tumours using delta-aminolaevulinic acid and desferrioxamine. Br. J. Dermatol. 1995, 133:282-288.
132. Grapengiesser S., Ericson M., Gudmundsson F., Larko O., Rosen A., Wennberg A.M. Pain caused by photodynamic therapy of skin cancer. Clin. Exp. Dermatol. 2002, 27:493-497.
133. Ji Y., Powers S.K., Brown J.T., Walstad D., Maliner L. Toxicity of photodynamic therapy with photofrin in the normal rat brain. Lasers Surg. Med. 1994, 14:219-228.
134. Chen Q., Chopp M., Madigan L., Dereski M.O., Hetzel F.W. Damage threshold of normal rat brain in photodynamic therapy. Photochem. Photobiol. 1996, 64:163-167.
135. Chen Q., Wilson B.C., Dereski M.O., Patterson M.S., Chopp M., Hetzel F.W. Effects of light beam size on fluence distribution and depth of necrosis in superficially applied photodynamic therapy of normal rat brain. Photochem. Photobiol. 1992, 56:379-384.
136. Dayan S.H., Shah A.R., Bhattacharyya T.K., O'grady K., Ventrapragada S. Effects if low frequency ultrasound on epidermal and dermal structures: A clinical and histologic study. Cosmetic. Derm 2006, 19:140-146.
137. Conde J., Rosa J., Lima J.C., Baptista P.V. Nanophotonics for molecular diagnostics and therapy applications. Int. J. Photoenergy 2012, 2012.
138. Ivanov I.T., Todorova R., Zlatanov I. Spectrofluorometric and microcalorimetric study of the thermal poration relevant to the mechanism of thermohaemolysis. Int. J. Hyperthermia 1999, 15:29-43.
139. Stéphane G., Eric F., Jean-Baptiste B., Patrick G. Yeast cell inactivation related to local heating induced by low-intensity electric fields with long-duration pulses. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 2007, 113:180-188.
140. Jori G., Spikes J.D. Photothermal sensitizers: possible use in tumor therapy. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B 1990, 6:93-101.
141. Chen W.R., Adams R.L., Higgins A.K., Bartels K.E., Nordquist R.E. Photothermal effects on murine mammary tumors using indocyanine green and an 808-nm diode laser: an in vivo efficacy study. Cancer Lett. 1996, 98:169-173.
142. Lindner U., Weersink R.A., Haider M.A., Gertner M.R., Davidson S.R., Atri M., Wilson B.C., Fenster A., Trachtenberg J. Image guided photothermal focal therapy for localized prostate cancer: phase I trial. J. Urol. 2009, 182:1371-1377.
143. Gu Y., Chen W.R., Xia M., Jeong S.W., Liu H. Effect of photothermal therapy on breast tumor vascular contents: noninvasive monitoring by near-infrared spectroscopy. Photochem. Photobiol. 2005, 81:1002-1009.
144. Liu H., Chen D., Tang F., Du G., Li L., Meng X., Liang W., Zhang Y., Teng X., Li Y. Photothermal therapy of Lewis lung carcinoma in mice using gold nanoshells on carboxylated polystyrene spheres. Nanotechnology 2008, 19:455101.
145. Day E.S., Thompson P.A., Zhang L., Lewinski N.A., Ahmed N., Drezek R.A., Blaney S.M., West J.L. Nanoshell-mediated photothermal therapy improves survival in a murine glioma model. J. Neurooncol 2011, 104:55-63.
146. Khlebtsov B.N., Panfilova E.V., Terentyuk G.S., Maksimova I.L., Ivanov A.V., Khlebtsov N.G. Plasmonic nanopowders for photothermal therapy of tumors. Langmuir 2012, 28:8994-9002.
147. Everts M., Saini V., Leddon J.L., Kok R.J., Stoff-Khalili M., Preuss M.A., Millican C.L., Perkins G., Brown J.M., Bagaria H., Nikles D.E., Johnson D.T., Zharov V.P., Curiel D.T. Covalently linked Au nanoparticles to a viral vector: potential for combined photothermal and gene cancer therapy. Nano Lett. 2006, 6:587-591.
148. Jang B., Choi Y. Photosensitizer-conjugated gold nanorods for enzyme-activatable fluorescence imaging and photodynamic therapy. Theranostics 2012, 2:190-197.
149. Choi W.I., Kim J.Y., Kang C., Byeon C.C., Kim Y.H., Tae G. Tumor regression in vivo by photothermal therapy based on gold-nanorod-loaded, functional nanocarriers. ACS Nano 2011, 5:1995-2003.
150. Choi W.I., Sahu A., Kim Y.H., Tae G. Photothermal cancer therapy and imaging based on gold nanorods. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 2012, 40:534-546.
151. Oishi M., Tamura A., Nakamura T., Nagasaki Y. A smart nanoprobe based on fluorescence-quenching PEGylated nanogels containing gold nanoparticles for monitoring the response to cancer therapy. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2009, 19:827-834.
152. Zhou F., Xing D., Ou Z., Wu B., Resasco D.E., Chen W.R. Cancer photothermal therapy in the near-infrared region by using single-walled carbon nanotubes. J. Biomed. Opt. 2009, 14:021009.
153. Zhen Fan M.S., Singh A.K., Senapati D., Khan S.A., Ray P.C. Multifunctional plasmonic shell magnetic core nanoparticles for targeted diagnostics, isolation and photothermal destruction of tumor cells. ACS Nano 2012, 6:1065-1073.
154. Gasselhuber A., Dreher M.R., Partanen A., Yarmolenko P.S., Woods D., Wood B.J., Haemmerich D. Targeted drug delivery by high intensity focused ultrasound mediated hyperthermia combined with temperature-sensitive liposomes: computational modelling and preliminary in vivo validation. Int. J. Hyperthermia 2012, 28:337-348.
155. Rapoport N. Ultrasound-mediated micellar drug delivery. Int. J. Hyperthermia 2012, 28:374-385.
156. Shohet R.V., Chen S., Zhou Y.T., Wang Z., Meidell R.S., Unger R.H., Grayburn P.A. Echocardiographic destruction of albumin microbubbles directs gene delivery to the myocardium. Circulation 2000, 101:2554-2556.
157. Lawrie A., Brisken A.F., Francis S.E., Cumberland D.C., Crossman D.C., Newman C.M. Microbubble-enhanced ultrasound for vascular gene delivery. Gene Ther. 2000, 7:2023-2027.
158. Paliwal S., Mitragotri S. Ultrasound-induced cavitation: applications in drug and gene delivery. Expert Opin. Drug Deliv. 2006, 3:713-726.
159. Tachibana K., Uchida T., Ogawa K., Yamashita N., Tamura K. Induction of cell-membrane porosity by ultrasound. Lancet 1999, 353:1409.
160. Barnett S.B., ter Haar G.R., Ziskin M.C., Nyborg W.L., Maeda K., Bang J. Current status of research on biophysical effects of ultrasound. Ultrasound Med. Biol. 1994, 20:205-218.
161. Byl N.N. The use of ultrasound as an enhancer for transcutaneous drug delivery: phonophoresis. J. Am. Phys. Ther. Assoc. 2013, 75:539-553.
162. Mehier-Humbert S., Bettinger T., Yan F., Guy R.H. Plasma membrane poration induced by ultrasound exposure: Implication for drug delivery. J. Control. Release 2005, 104:213-222.
163. Karshafian R., Bevan P.D., Williams R., Samac S., Burns P.N. Sonoporation by ultrasound-activated microbubble contrast agents: effect of acoustic exposure parameters on cell membrane permeability and cell viability. Ultrasound Med. Biol. 2009, 35:847-860.
164. Marmottant P., Hilgenfeldt S. Controlled vesicle deformation and lysis by single oscillating bubbles. Nature 2003, 423:153-156.
165. Nyborg W.L. Ultrasonic microstreaming and related phenomena. Br. J. Cancer Suppl. 1982, 5:156-160.
166. Nyborg W.L. Biological effects of ultrasound: development of safety guidelines. Part II: general review. Ultrasound Med. Biol. 2001, 27:301-333.
167. Deng C.X., Sieling F., Pan H., Cui J. Ultrasound-induced cell membrane porosity. Ultrasound Med. Biol. 2004, 30:519-526.
168. Porter T.R., Hiser W.L., Kricsfeld D., Deligonul U., Xie F., Iversen P., Radio S. Inhibition of carotid artery neointimal formation with intravenous microbubbles. Ultrasound Med. Biol. 2001, 27:259-265.
169. Porter T.R., Iversen P.L., Li S., Xie F. Interaction of diagnostic ultrasound with synthetic oligonucleotide-labeled perfluorocarbon-exposed sonicated dextrose albumin microbubbles. J. Ultrasound Med. 1996, 15:577-584.
170. Bao S., Thrall B.D., Miller D.L. Transfection of a reporter plasmid into cultured cells by sonoporation in vitro. Ultrasound Med. Biol. 1997, 23:953-959.
171. Taniyama Y., Tachibana K., Hiraoka K., Namba T., Yamasaki K., Hashiya N., Aoki M., Ogihara T., Yasufumi K., Morishita R. Local delivery of plasmid DNA into rat carotid artery using ultrasound. Circulation 2002, 105:1233-1239.
172. Chen S., Shohet R.V., Bekeredjian R., Frenkel P., Grayburn P.A. Optimization of ultrasound parameters for cardiac gene delivery of adenoviral or plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid by ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2003, 42:301-308.
173. Teupe C., Richter S., Fisslthaler B., Randriamboavonjy V., Ihling C., Fleming I., Busse R., Zeiher A.M., Dimmeler S. Vascular gene transfer of phosphomimetic endothelial nitric oxide synthase (S1177D) using ultrasound-enhanced destruction of plasmid-loaded microbubbles improves vasoreactivity. Circulation 2002, 105:1104-1109.
174. Lindner J.R. Microbubbles in medical imaging: current applications and future directions. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 2004, 3:527-532.
175. Manome Y., Nakamura M., Ohno T., Furuhata H. Ultrasound facilitates transduction of naked plasmid DNA into colon carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Hum. Gene Ther. 2000, 11:1521-1528.
176. Mesiwala A.H., Farrell L., Wenzel H.J., Silbergeld D.L., Crum L.A., Winn H.R., Mourad P.D. High-intensity focused ultrasound selectively disrupts the blood-brain barrier in vivo. Ultrasound Med. Biol. 2002, 28:389-400.
177. Cho C.W., Liu Y., Cobb W.N., Henthorn T.K., Lillehei K., Christians U., Ng K.Y. Ultrasound-induced mild hyperthermia as a novel approach to increase drug uptake in brain microvessel endothelial cells. Pharm. Res. 2002, 19:1123-1129.
178. Mitragotri S., Blankschtein D., Langer R. Ultrasound-mediated transdermal protein delivery. Science 1995, 269:850-853.
179. Mitragotri S., Kost J. Low-frequency sonophoresis: a noninvasive method of drug delivery and diagnostics. Biotechnol. Prog. 2000, 16:488-492.
180. Tezel A., Sens A., Tuchscherer J., Mitragotri S. Frequency dependence of sonophoresis. Pharm. Res. 2001, 18:1694-1700.
181. Mitragotri S., Kost J. Low-frequency sonophoresis: a review. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 2004, 56:589-601.
182. Mitragotri S., Edwards D.A., Blankschtein D., Langer R. A mechanistic study of ultrasonically-enhanced transdermal drug delivery. J. Pharm. Sci. 1995, 84:697-706.
183. Francis C.W., Onundarson P.T., Carstensen E.L., Blinc A., Meltzer R.S., Schwarz K., Marder V.J. Enhancement of fibrinolysis in vitro by ultrasound. J. Clin. Invest. 1992, 90:2063-2068.
184. Suchkova V., Carstensen E.L., Francis C.W. Ultrasound enhancement of fibrinolysis at frequencies of 27 to 100kHz. Ultrasound Med. Biol. 2002, 28:377-382.
185. Lauer C.G., Burge R., Tang D.B., Bass B.G., Gomez E.R., Alving B.M. Effect of ultrasound on tissue-type plasminogen activator-induced thrombolysis. Circulation 1992, 86:1257-1264.
186. Kosugi T., Saitoh S., Tamaki N., Hanashiro K., Nakahodo K., Nakamura M. Inhalation of platelet-activating factor increases respiratory resistance in rats: determination by means of an astograph under nonanesthetized conditions. Laryngoscope 1993, 103:428-430.
187. Flament M.P., Leterme P., Gayot A. Study of the technological parameters of ultrasonic nebulization. Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. 2001, 27:643-649.
188. Flament M.P., Leterme P., Gayot A. Influence of the technological parameters of ultrasonic nebulisation on the nebulisation quality of alpha1 protease inhibitor (alpha1PI). Int. J. Pharm. 1999, 189:197-204.
189. Singh A., Singh S.P., Bamezai R. Modulatory influence of arecoline on the phytic acid-altered hepatic biotransformation system enzymes, sulfhydryl content and lipid peroxidation in a murine system. Cancer Lett. 1997, 117:1-6.
190. Yu T., Hu K., Bai J., Wang Z. Reversal of adriamycin resistance in ovarian carcinoma cell line by combination of verapamil and low-level ultrasound. Ultrason. Sonochem. 2003, 10:37-40.
191. Bednarski M.D., Lee J.W., Callstrom M.R., Li K.C. In vivo target-specific delivery of macromolecular agents with MR-guided focused ultrasound. Radiology 1997, 204:263-268.
192. Vyas S.P., Singh R., Asati R.K. Liposomally encapsulated diclofenac for sonophoresis induced systemic delivery. J. Microencapsul. 1995, 12:149-154.
193. Unger E.C., McCreery T.P., Sweitzer R.H., Caldwell V.E., Wu Y. Acoustically active lipospheres containing paclitaxel: a new therapeutic ultrasound contrast agent. Invest. Radiol. 1998, 33:886-892.
194. Nelson J.L., Roeder B.L., Carmen J.C., Roloff F., Pitt W.G. Ultrasonically activated chemotherapeutic drug delivery in a rat model. Cancer Res. 2002, 62:7280-7283.
195. Rapoport N.Y., Christensen D.A., Fain H.D., Barrows L., Gao Z. Ultrasound-triggered drug targeting of tumors in vitro and in vivo. Ultrasonics 2004, 42:943-950.
196. Shibaguchi H., Tsuru H., Kuroki M. Sonodynamic cancer therapy: a non-invasive and repeatable approach using low-intensity ultrasound with a sonosensitizer. Anticancer Res. 2011, 31:2425-2429.
197. Ohmura T., Fukushima T., Shibaguchi H., Yoshizawa S., Inoue T., Kuroki M., Sasaki K., Umemura S. Sonodynamic therapy with 5-aminolevulinic acid and focused ultrasound for deep-seated intracranial glioma in rat. Anticancer Res. 2011, 31:2527-2533.
198. Hefti M., von Campe G., Moschopulos M., Siegner A., Looser H., Landolt H. 5-aminolevulinic acid induced protoporphyrin IX fluorescence in high-grade glioma surgery: a one-year experience at a single institution. Swiss Med. Wkly. 2008, 138:180-185.
199. Kuroki M., Hachimine K., Abe H., Shibaguchi H., Maekawa S., Yanagisawa J., Kinugasa T., Tanaka T., Yamashita Y. Sonodynamic therapy of cancer using novel sonosensitizers. Anticancer Res. 2007, 27:3673-3677.
200. Li L., Zhao J.F., Won N., Jin H., Kim S., Chen J.Y. Quantum dot - aluminum phthalocyanine conjugates perform photodynamic reactions to kill cancer cells via fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Nanoscale Res. Lett. 2012, 7:386.
201. Qiao X.F., Zhou J.C., Xiao J.W., Wang Y.F., Sun L.D., Yan C.H. Triple-functional core-shell structured upconversion luminescent nanoparticles covalently grafted with photosensitizer for luminescent, magnetic resonance imaging and photodynamic therapy in vitro. Nanoscale 2012, 4:4611-4623.
202. Wu Y., Xing D., Luo S., Tang Y., Chen Q. Detection of caspase-3 activation in single cells by fluorescence resonance energy transfer during photodynamic therapy induced apoptosis. Cancer Lett. 2006, 235:239-247.
203. Lai C.W., Wang Y.H., Lai C.H., Yang M.J., Chen C.Y., Chou P.T., Chan C.S., Chi Y., Chen Y.C., Hsiao J.K. Iridium-complex-functionalized Fe3O4/SiO2 core/shell nanoparticles: a facile three-in-one system in magnetic resonance imaging, luminescence imaging, and photodynamic therapy. Small 2008, 4:218-224.
204. Kenyon J.N., Fuller R.J., Lewis T.J. Activated cancer therapy using light and ultrasound - a case series of sonodynamic photodynamic therapy in 115 patients over a 4year period. Curr. Drug Ther. 2012, 4:179-193.
205. Dai Z.J., Li S., Gao J., Xu X.N., Lu W.F., Lin S., Wang X.J. Sonodynamic therapy (SDT): a novel treatment of cancer based on sonosensitizer liposome as a new drug carrier. Med. Hypotheses 2013, 80:300-302.
206. Tserkovsky D.A., Alexandrova E.N., Chalau V.N., Istomin Y.P. Effects of combined sonodynamic and photodynamic therapies with photolon on a glioma C6 tumor model. Exp. Oncol. 2012, 34:332-335.
207. Barnett S.B., Rott H.D., ter Haar G.R., Ziskin M.C., Maeda K. The sensitivity of biological tissue to ultrasound. Ultrasound Med. Biol. 1997, 23:805-812.
208. Skyba D.M., Price R.J., Linka A.Z., Skalak T.C., Kaul S. Direct in vivo visualization of intravascular destruction of microbubbles by ultrasound and its local effects on tissue. Circulation 1998, 98:290-293.
209. McCarthy J.R. The future of theranostic nanoagents. Nanomedicine (Lond.) 2009, 4:693-695.
210. Sumer B., Gao J. Theranostic nanomedicine for cancer. Nanomedicine (Lond.) 2008, 3:137-140.
211. Funkhouser J. Reintroducing pharma: theranostic revolution. Curr. Drug Discov. 2002, 2:17-19.
212. Lee D.Y., Li K.C. Molecular theranostics: a primer for the imaging professional. AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 2011, 197:318-324.
213. Vatansever F., Chandran R., Sadasivam M., Chiang L.Y., Hamblin M.R. Multi-functionality in theranostic nanoparticles: is more always better?. J. Nanomed. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3:1-5.
214. Jeong H., Huh M., Lee S.J., Koo H., Kwon I.C., Sy S.Y.J., Kim K. Photosensitizer-conjugated human serum albumin nanoparticles for effective photodynamic therapy. Theranostics 2011, 1:230-239.
215. Welsher K., Liu Z., Sherlock S.P., Robinson J.T., Chen Z., Daranciang D., Dai H. A route to brightly fluorescent carbon nanotubes for near-infrared imaging in mice. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2009, 4:773-780.
216. Wang X., Wang C., Cheng L., Lee S.T., Liu Z. Noble metal coated single-walled carbon nanotubes for applications in surface enhanced Raman scattering imaging and photothermal therapy. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134:7414-7422.
217. Prato M., Kostarelos K., Bianco A. Functionalized carbon nanotubes in drug design and discovery. Acc. Chem. Res. 2008, 41:60-68.
218. Chen Z., Ma L., Liu Y., Chen C. Applications of functionalized fullerenes in tumor theranostics. Theranostics 2012, 2:238-250.
219. Sharma S.K., Chiang L.Y., Hamblin M.R. Photodynamic therapy with fullerenes in vivo: reality or a dream?. Nanomedicine (Lond.) 2011, 6:1813-1825.
220. Wang M., Huang L., Sharma S.K., Jeon S., Thota S., Sperandio F.F., Nayka S., Chang J., Hamblin M.R., Chiang L.Y. Synthesis and photodynamic effect of new highly photostable decacationically armed[60] and [70]fullerene decaiodide monoadducts to target pathogenic bacteria and cancer cells. J. Med. Chem. 2012, 55:4274-4285.
221. Thota S., Wang M., Jeon S., Maragani S., Hamblin M.R., Chiang L.Y. Synthesis and characterization of positively charged pentacationic [60]fullerene monoadducts for antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation. Molecules 2012, 17:5225-5243.
222. Shen H., Zhang L., Liu M., Zhang Z. Biomedical applications of graphene. Theranostics 2012, 2:283-294.
223. R.D.P. K.T. Joseph, Method of Contactells Magnetic Electrporation, in: U.S. Patent (Ed.), MagneGene, Inc., US, 2010.
224. Rao R., Nanda S. Sonophoresis: recent advancements and future trends. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 2009, 61:689-705.
225. Oni G., Brown S.A., Kenkel J.M. Can fractional lasers enhance transdermal absorption of topical lidocaine in an in vivo animal model?. Lasers Surg. Med. 2012, 44:168-174.
226. Rubinsky B. Irreversible electroporation in medicine. Technol. Cancer Res. Treat. 2007, 6:255-259.
227. Yi J., Barrow A.J., Yu N., O'Neill B.E. Efficient electroporation of liposomes doped with pore stabilizing nisin. J. Liposome Res. 2013, 1-6.
228. Chen X., Lv H., Ye M., Wang S., Ni E., Zeng F., Cao C., Luo F., Yan J. Novel superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for tumor embolization application: preparation, characterization and double targeting. Int. J. Pharm. 2012, 426:248-255.
229. Ge G., Wu H., Xiong F., Zhang Y., Guo Z., Bian Z., Xu J., Gu C., Gu N., Chen X., Yang D. The cytotoxicity evaluation of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles on human aortic endothelial cells. Nanoscale Res. Lett. 2013, 8:215.
230. Lepock J.R., Frey H.E., Bayne H., Markus J. Relationship of hyperthermia-induced hemolysis of human erythrocytes to the thermal denaturation of membrane proteins. Biochimica et Biophyslca Acta. 1989, 980:191-201.
231. Park D., Ryu H., Kim H.S., Kim Y.-s., Choi K.-S., Park H., Seo J. Sonophoresis using ultrasound contrast agents for transdermal drug delivery: an in vivo experimental study. Ultrasound Med. Biol. 2012, 38:642-650.
232. Pahade V.M.J.A., Kadam V.J. Sonophoresis: an overview. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res. 2010, 3:24-32.
233. Bloom J.A.B.B.S., Geronemus R.G. Ablative fractional resurfacing in topical drug delivery: an update and outlook. Dermatol. Surg. 2013, 39:839-848.
234. Gehl J. Electroporation: theory and methods, perspectives for drug delivery, gene therapy and research. Acta Physiol. Scand. 2003, 177:437-447.
235. Kardos D.P.R.T.J. Contactless magneto-permeabilization for intracellular plasmid DNA delivery in-vivo. Hum. Vaccin. Immunother. 2012, 8:1707-1713.
236. Rekha Rao S.N. Sonophoresis: recent advancements and future trends. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 2009, 61:689-705.
237. Joseph T.K., Soughayer S., Jacobson Stephen C., Michael Ramsey J., Tromberg Bruce J., Allbritton Nancy L. Characterization of cellular optoporation with distance. Anal. Chem. 2000, 72:1342-1347.
238. Baumgart J., Humbert L., Boulais É., Lachaine R., Lebrun J.-J., Meunier M. Off-resonance plasmonic enhanced femtosecond laser optoporation and transfection of cancer cells. Biomaterials 2012, 33:2345-2350.
239. Stevenson J.F.G.-M.D.J., Campbell P., Dholakia K. Single cell optical transfection. J. R. Soc. Interface 2010, 7:863-871.