메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 50, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 96-134

What Are the Different Types of Principals Across the United States? A Latent Class Analysis of Principal Perception of Leadership

Author keywords

instructional leadership; latent class analysis; leadership effectiveness; leadership styles; transformational leadership

Indexed keywords


EID: 84894513693     PISSN: 0013161X     EISSN: 15523519     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0013161X13489019     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (120)

References (121)
  • 2
    • 33746878674 scopus 로고
    • Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency
    • Bandura A.Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency.American Psychologist. 1982;37 (2): 122-147.
    • (1982) American Psychologist , vol.37 , Issue.2 , pp. 122-147
    • Bandura, A.1
  • 4
    • 84885052921 scopus 로고
    • Developing transformational leadership: 1992 and beyond
    • Bass B.,Avolio B.Developing transformational leadership: 1992 and beyond.Journal of European Industrial Training. 1990;14 (5): 21-27.
    • (1990) Journal of European Industrial Training , vol.14 , Issue.5 , pp. 21-27
    • Bass, B.1    Avolio, B.2
  • 6
    • 84973818613 scopus 로고
    • In pursuit of the expert pedagogue
    • Berliner D.In pursuit of the expert pedagogue.Educational Researcher. 1986;15 (7): 5-13.
    • (1986) Educational Researcher , vol.15 , Issue.7 , pp. 5-13
    • Berliner, D.1
  • 7
    • 0000989742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Principals' instructional leadership and teacher development: Teachers' perspectives
    • Blase J.,Blase J.Principals' instructional leadership and teacher development: Teachers' perspectives.Educational Administration Quarterly. 1999;35 (3): 349-378.
    • (1999) Educational Administration Quarterly , vol.35 , Issue.3 , pp. 349-378
    • Blase, J.1    Blase, J.2
  • 8
    • 0039436465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of leadership style on teacher job satisfaction
    • Bogler R.The influence of leadership style on teacher job satisfaction.Educational Administration Quarterly. 2001;37:662-683.
    • (2001) Educational Administration Quarterly , vol.37 , pp. 662-683
    • Bogler, R.1
  • 9
    • 84859526778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Examining the multiple trajectories associated with dropping out of high school: A growth mixture model analysis
    • Bowers A. J.,Sprott R.Examining the multiple trajectories associated with dropping out of high school: A growth mixture model analysis.Journal of Educational Research. 2012a;105:176-195.
    • (2012) Journal of Educational Research , vol.105 , pp. 176-195
    • Bowers, A.J.1    Sprott, R.2
  • 10
    • 84865233525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why tenth graders fail to finish high school: A dropout typology latent class analysis
    • Bowers A. J.,Sprott R.Why tenth graders fail to finish high school: A dropout typology latent class analysis.Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk (JESPAR). 2012b;17 (3): 129-148.
    • (2012) Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk (JESPAR) , vol.17 , Issue.3 , pp. 129-148
    • Bowers, A.J.1    Sprott, R.2
  • 11
    • 27744496435 scopus 로고
    • A model for shared decision making in the school principalship
    • Bridges E.A model for shared decision making in the school principalship.Educational Administration Quarterly. 1967;3:49-61.
    • (1967) Educational Administration Quarterly , vol.3 , pp. 49-61
    • Bridges, E.1
  • 13
    • 0003842485 scopus 로고
    • New York, NY: Harper & Row
    • Burns J.Leadership. New York, NY: Harper & Row; 1978:.
    • (1978) Leadership
    • Burns, J.1
  • 14
    • 0001346435 scopus 로고
    • Transforming the frog into a prince: Effective schools research, policy and practice at the district level
    • Cuban L.Transforming the frog into a prince: Effective schools research, policy and practice at the district level.Harvard Educational Review. 1984;54:129-151.
    • (1984) Harvard Educational Review , vol.54 , pp. 129-151
    • Cuban, L.1
  • 15
    • 3042573883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Teacher quality and student achievement: A review of state policy evidence
    • Darling-Hammond L.Teacher quality and student achievement: A review of state policy evidence.Education Policy Analysis Archives. 2000;8 (1): 1-44.
    • (2000) Education Policy Analysis Archives , vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-44
    • Darling-Hammond, L.1
  • 18
    • 84894565717 scopus 로고
    • Some schools work and more can
    • Edmonds R.Some schools work and more can.Social Policy. 1979;17 (5): 17-18.
    • (1979) Social Policy , vol.17 , Issue.5 , pp. 17-18
    • Edmonds, R.1
  • 20
    • 0000015592 scopus 로고
    • The effect of leadership and cultural heterogeneity on group performance: A test of the contingency model
    • Fiedler F.The effect of leadership and cultural heterogeneity on group performance: A test of the contingency model.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 1966;2 (3): 237-264.
    • (1966) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.2 , Issue.3 , pp. 237-264
    • Fiedler, F.1
  • 23
    • 84965886157 scopus 로고
    • Using bureaucratic and cultural linkages to improve instruction: The principal's contribution
    • Firestone W.,Wilson B.Using bureaucratic and cultural linkages to improve instruction: The principal's contribution.Educational Administration Quarterly. 1985;21:7-30.
    • (1985) Educational Administration Quarterly , vol.21 , pp. 7-30
    • Firestone, W.1    Wilson, B.2
  • 25
    • 0442281317 scopus 로고
    • The changing leadership role of the principal: Implications for principal assessment
    • Glasman N.,Heck R.The changing leadership role of the principal: Implications for principal assessment.Peabody Journal of Education. 1992;68:5-24.
    • (1992) Peabody Journal of Education , vol.68 , pp. 5-24
    • Glasman, N.1    Heck, R.2
  • 26
    • 43449114783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • School context and individual characteristics: What influences principal practice?
    • Goldring E.,Huff J.,May H.,Camburn E.School context and individual characteristics: What influences principal practice?.Journal of Educational Administration. 2008;46 (3): 332-350.
    • (2008) Journal of Educational Administration , vol.46 , Issue.3 , pp. 332-350
    • Goldring, E.1    Huff, J.2    May, H.3    Camburn, E.4
  • 27
    • 3042712671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hagennaars J.McCutcheon A., ed.;, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press
    • Goodman L.Applied latent class analysis. Hagennaars J.McCutcheon A., ed. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; 2002:3-55.
    • (2002) Applied Latent Class Analysis , pp. 3-55
    • Goodman, L.1
  • 28
    • 0039673643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • School climate as social order and social action: A multi-level analysis of public elementary school student perceptions
    • Griffith J.School climate as social order and social action: A multi-level analysis of public elementary school student perceptions.Social Psychology of Education. 1999;2:339-369.
    • (1999) Social Psychology of Education , vol.2 , pp. 339-369
    • Griffith, J.1
  • 30
    • 33746354590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Teacher recruitment and retention: A review of the recent empirical literature
    • Guarino C.,Santibanez L.,Daley G.Teacher recruitment and retention: A review of the recent empirical literature.Review of Educational Research. 2006;76 (2): 173-208.
    • (2006) Review of Educational Research , vol.76 , Issue.2 , pp. 173-208
    • Guarino, C.1    Santibanez, L.2    Daley, G.3
  • 31
    • 85071214625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leading educational change: Reflections of the practice of instructional and transformational leadership
    • Hallinger P.Leading educational change: Reflections of the practice of instructional and transformational leadership.Cambridge Journal of Education. 2003;33 (3): 329-350.
    • (2003) Cambridge Journal of Education , vol.33 , Issue.3 , pp. 329-350
    • Hallinger, P.1
  • 32
    • 57149147064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Instructional leadership and the school principal: A passing fancy that refuses to fade away
    • Hallinger P.Instructional leadership and the school principal: A passing fancy that refuses to fade away.Leadership and Policy in Schools. 2005;4:221-239.
    • (2005) Leadership and Policy in Schools , vol.4 , pp. 221-239
    • Hallinger, P.1
  • 33
    • 0041102951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • School context, principal leadership, and student achievement
    • Hallinger P.,Bickman L.,Davis K.School context, principal leadership, and student achievement.Elementary School Journal. 1996;96 (5): 527-549.
    • (1996) Elementary School Journal , vol.96 , Issue.5 , pp. 527-549
    • Hallinger, P.1    Bickman, L.2    Davis, K.3
  • 34
    • 0002430152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reassessing the principal's role in school effectiveness: A review of empirical research, 1980-1995
    • Hallinger P.,Heck R.Reassessing the principal's role in school effectiveness: A review of empirical research, 1980-1995.Educational Administration Quarterly. 1996;32:5-44.
    • (1996) Educational Administration Quarterly , vol.32 , pp. 5-44
    • Hallinger, P.1    Heck, R.2
  • 35
    • 0000097567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploring the principal's contribution to school effectiveness: 1980-1995
    • Hallinger P.,Heck R.Exploring the principal's contribution to school effectiveness: 1980-1995.School Effectiveness and School Improvement. 1998;9:157-191.
    • (1998) School Effectiveness and School Improvement , vol.9 , pp. 157-191
    • Hallinger, P.1    Heck, R.2
  • 37
    • 78149394258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leadership for learning: Does collaborative leadership make a difference in school improvement
    • Hallinger P.,Heck R.Leadership for learning: Does collaborative leadership make a difference in school improvement.Educational Management and Administration and Leadership. 2010;38 (6): 654-678.
    • (2010) Educational Management and Administration and Leadership , vol.38 , Issue.6 , pp. 654-678
    • Hallinger, P.1    Heck, R.2
  • 38
    • 79957902198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conceptual and methodological issues in studying school leadership effects as a reciprocal process
    • Hallinger P.,Heck R.Conceptual and methodological issues in studying school leadership effects as a reciprocal process.School Effectiveness School Improvement. 2011;22:149-173.
    • (2011) School Effectiveness School Improvement , vol.22 , pp. 149-173
    • Hallinger, P.1    Heck, R.2
  • 39
    • 0039780306 scopus 로고
    • Assessing the instructional leadership behavior of principals
    • Hallinger P.,Murphy J.Assessing the instructional leadership behavior of principals.Elementary School Journal. 1985;86:217-248.
    • (1985) Elementary School Journal , vol.86 , pp. 217-248
    • Hallinger, P.1    Murphy, J.2
  • 41
    • 54049109251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Report for the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Retrieved from
    • HargreavesA.HalászG.PontB. (2007). School leadership for systemic improvement in Finland. Report for the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Retrieved from http://www.bestlibrary.org/files/school-leadership-for-systematic-improvement-in-finland.pdf.
    • (2007) School leadership for systemic improvement in Finland
    • Hargreaves, A.1    Halász, G.2    Pont, B.3
  • 42
    • 15844403540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distributed leadership and school improvement: Leading or misleading?
    • Harris A.Distributed leadership and school improvement: Leading or misleading?.Educational Management, Administration and Leadership. 2004;32:11-24.
    • (2004) Educational Management, Administration and Leadership , vol.32 , pp. 11-24
    • Harris, A.1
  • 44
    • 77951489074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the contribution of distributed leadership to school improvement and growth in math achievement
    • Heck R.,Hallinger P.Assessing the contribution of distributed leadership to school improvement and growth in math achievement.American Educational Research Journal. 2009;46:659-689.
    • (2009) American Educational Research Journal , vol.46 , pp. 659-689
    • Heck, R.1    Hallinger, P.2
  • 46
    • 0008640036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Middle school climate: An empirical assessment of organizational health and student achievement
    • Hoy W.,Hannum J.Middle school climate: An empirical assessment of organizational health and student achievement.Educational Administration Quarterly. 1997;33:290-311.
    • (1997) Educational Administration Quarterly , vol.33 , pp. 290-311
    • Hoy, W.1    Hannum, J.2
  • 47
    • 0040027377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward an organizational model of achievement in high schools: The significance of collective efficacy
    • Hoy W.,Sweetland S.,Smith P.Toward an organizational model of achievement in high schools: The significance of collective efficacy.Educational Administration Quarterly. 2002;38:77-93.
    • (2002) Educational Administration Quarterly , vol.38 , pp. 77-93
    • Hoy, W.1    Sweetland, S.2    Smith, P.3
  • 48
    • 84973812516 scopus 로고
    • Organizational climate, school health, and effectiveness: A comparative analysis
    • Hoy W.,Tarter C. J.,Bliss J.Organizational climate, school health, and effectiveness: A comparative analysis.Educational Administration Quarterly. 1990;26:260-279.
    • (1990) Educational Administration Quarterly , vol.26 , pp. 260-279
    • Hoy, W.1    Tarter, C.J.2    Bliss, J.3
  • 50
    • 0035636240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Teacher turnover and teacher shortages: An organizational analysis
    • Ingersoll R.Teacher turnover and teacher shortages: An organizational analysis.American Educational Research Journal. 2001;38 (3): 499-534.
    • (2001) American Educational Research Journal , vol.38 , Issue.3 , pp. 499-534
    • Ingersoll, R.1
  • 51
    • 84872476805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From heroes to organizers: Principals and education organizing in urban school reform
    • Ishimaru A.From heroes to organizers: Principals and education organizing in urban school reform.Educational Administration Quarterly. 2013;49:3-51.
    • (2013) Educational Administration Quarterly , vol.49 , pp. 3-51
    • Ishimaru, A.1
  • 52
    • 65949121222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An introduction to latent class growth analysis and growth mixture modeling
    • Jung T.,Wickrama K.An introduction to latent class growth analysis and growth mixture modeling.Social and Personality Psychology Compass. 2008;2:302-317.
    • (2008) Social and Personality Psychology Compass , vol.2 , pp. 302-317
    • Jung, T.1    Wickrama, K.2
  • 53
    • 33645528430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From teacher quality to quality teaching
    • Kennedy M.From teacher quality to quality teaching.Educational Leadership. 2006;63 (6): 14-19.
    • (2006) Educational Leadership , vol.63 , Issue.6 , pp. 14-19
    • Kennedy, M.1
  • 54
    • 33947689189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of school leadership on school level factors: Validation of a causal model
    • Krüger M.,Witziers B.,Sleegers P.The impact of school leadership on school level factors: Validation of a causal model.School Effectiveness and School Improvement. 2007;18 (1): 1-20.
    • (2007) School Effectiveness and School Improvement , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-20
    • Krüger, M.1    Witziers, B.2    Sleegers, P.3
  • 58
    • 78149264666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of transformational leadership on organizational conditions and student engagement with school
    • Leithwood K.,Jantzi D.The effects of transformational leadership on organizational conditions and student engagement with school.Journal of Educational Administration. 2000;38:112-129.
    • (2000) Journal of Educational Administration , vol.38 , pp. 112-129
    • Leithwood, K.1    Jantzi, D.2
  • 59
    • 51649094621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linking leadership to student learning: The contribution of leader efficacy
    • Leithwood K.,Jantzi D.Linking leadership to student learning: The contribution of leader efficacy.Educational Administration Quarterly. 2008;44:496-528.
    • (2008) Educational Administration Quarterly , vol.44 , pp. 496-528
    • Leithwood, K.1    Jantzi, D.2
  • 61
  • 63
    • 78149393570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing a conception of how school leadership influences student learning
    • Leithwood K.,Patten S.,Jantzi D.Testing a conception of how school leadership influences student learning.Educational Administration Quarterly. 2010;46 (5): 671-706.
    • (2010) Educational Administration Quarterly , vol.46 , Issue.5 , pp. 671-706
    • Leithwood, K.1    Patten, S.2    Jantzi, D.3
  • 65
    • 84863313131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The nature and effects of transformational school leadership: A meta-analytic review of unpublished research
    • Leithwood K.,Sun J.The nature and effects of transformational school leadership: A meta-analytic review of unpublished research.Educational Administration Quarterly. 2012;48:387-423.
    • (2012) Educational Administration Quarterly , vol.48 , pp. 387-423
    • Leithwood, K.1    Sun, J.2
  • 66
    • 14044250133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Likelihood ration tests of the number of components in a normal mixture with unequal variances
    • Lo Y.Likelihood ration tests of the number of components in a normal mixture with unequal variances.Statistics and Probability Letters. 2005;71:225-235.
    • (2005) Statistics and Probability Letters , vol.71 , pp. 225-235
    • Lo, Y.1
  • 67
    • 0038183179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing the number of components in a normal mixture
    • Lo Y.,Mendell N.,Rubin D.Testing the number of components in a normal mixture.Biometrika. 2001;88 (3): 767-778.
    • (2001) Biometrika , vol.88 , Issue.3 , pp. 767-778
    • Lo, Y.1    Mendell, N.2    Rubin, D.3
  • 69
    • 34547408790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Facilitating elementary principals' support for instructional teacher leadership
    • Mangin M.Facilitating elementary principals' support for instructional teacher leadership.Educational Administration Quarterly. 2007;43:319-357.
    • (2007) Educational Administration Quarterly , vol.43 , pp. 319-357
    • Mangin, M.1
  • 70
    • 0000954939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Teacher empowerment and the capacity for organizational learning
    • Marks H.,Louis K.Teacher empowerment and the capacity for organizational learning.Educational Administration Quarterly. 1999;35:707-750.
    • (1999) Educational Administration Quarterly , vol.35 , pp. 707-750
    • Marks, H.1    Louis, K.2
  • 71
    • 33846524171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contexts of accountability under systemic reform: Implications for principal influence on instruction and supervision
    • Marks H.,Nance J.Contexts of accountability under systemic reform: Implications for principal influence on instruction and supervision.Educational Administration Quarterly. 2007;43 (3): 3-37.
    • (2007) Educational Administration Quarterly , vol.43 , Issue.3 , pp. 3-37
    • Marks, H.1    Nance, J.2
  • 72
    • 2342534425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Principal leadership and school performance: An integration of transformational and instructional leadership
    • Marks H.,Printy S.Principal leadership and school performance: An integration of transformational and instructional leadership.Educational Administration Quarterly. 2003;39:370-397.
    • (2003) Educational Administration Quarterly , vol.39 , pp. 370-397
    • Marks, H.1    Printy, S.2
  • 73
    • 84868304928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A longitudinal study of principals' activities and student performance
    • May H.,Huff J.,Goldring E.A longitudinal study of principals' activities and student performance.School Effectiveness and School Improvement. 2012;23 (4): 417-439.
    • (2012) School Effectiveness and School Improvement , vol.23 , Issue.4 , pp. 417-439
    • May, H.1    Huff, J.2    Goldring, E.3
  • 74
    • 47249121671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Making sense of distributed leadership: Exploring the multiple usages of the concept in the field
    • Mayrowetz D.Making sense of distributed leadership: Exploring the multiple usages of the concept in the field.Educational Administration Quarterly. 2008;44:424-435.
    • (2008) Educational Administration Quarterly , vol.44 , pp. 424-435
    • Mayrowetz, D.1
  • 75
    • 41549152373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distributed leadership as work redesign: Retrofitting the job characteristics model
    • Mayrowetz D.,Murphy J.,Louis K.,Smylie M.Distributed leadership as work redesign: Retrofitting the job characteristics model.Leadership and Policy in Schools. 2007;6:69-101.
    • (2007) Leadership and Policy in Schools , vol.6 , pp. 69-101
    • Mayrowetz, D.1    Murphy, J.2    Louis, K.3    Smylie, M.4
  • 77
    • 33744983520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of organic management on student achievement
    • Miller R.,Rowan B.Effects of organic management on student achievement.American Educational Research Journal. 2006;43 (2): 219-253.
    • (2006) American Educational Research Journal , vol.43 , Issue.2 , pp. 219-253
    • Miller, R.1    Rowan, B.2
  • 78
    • 78149393571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occupying the principal position: Examining relationships between transformational leadership, social network position, and schools' innovative climate
    • Moolenaar N.,Daly A.,Sleegers P.Occupying the principal position: Examining relationships between transformational leadership, social network position, and schools' innovative climate.Educational Administration Quarterly. 2010;46:623-670.
    • (2010) Educational Administration Quarterly , vol.46 , pp. 623-670
    • Moolenaar, N.1    Daly, A.2    Sleegers, P.3
  • 80
    • 0013297364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beyond SEM: General latent variable modeling
    • Muthén B.Beyond SEM: General latent variable modeling.Behaviormetrika. 2002;29 (1): 81-117.
    • (2002) Behaviormetrika , vol.29 , Issue.1 , pp. 81-117
    • Muthén, B.1
  • 81
    • 0142136682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical and substantive checking in growth mixture modeling: Comment on Bauer and Curran
    • Muthén B.Statistical and substantive checking in growth mixture modeling: Comment on Bauer and Curran.Psychological Methods. 2003;8 (3): 369-377.
    • (2003) Psychological Methods , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 369-377
    • Muthén, B.1
  • 83
  • 84
    • 33646828382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Item response mixture modeling: Application to tobacco dependence criteria
    • Muthén B.,Asparouhov T.Item response mixture modeling: Application to tobacco dependence criteria.Addictive Behaviors. 2006;31:1050-1066.
    • (2006) Addictive Behaviors , vol.31 , pp. 1050-1066
    • Muthén, B.1    Asparouhov, T.2
  • 85
    • 0033917955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrating person-centered and variable-centered analysis: Growth mixture modeling with latent trajectory classes
    • Muthén B.,Muthén L.Integrating person-centered and variable-centered analysis: Growth mixture modeling with latent trajectory classes.Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research. 2000;24 (6): 882-891.
    • (2000) Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research , vol.24 , Issue.6 , pp. 882-891
    • Muthén, B.1    Muthén, L.2
  • 86
    • 0003753978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (6th ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén.;, Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén
    • Muthén L.,Muthén B.Mplus users guide. 1998-2010). Mplus users guide (6th ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén.Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén; 1998-2010:.
    • (1998) Mplus Users Guide
    • Muthén, L.1    Muthén, B.2
  • 87
    • 71049142829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Center for Educational Statistics. (n.d.), Retrieved from
    • National Center for Educational Statistics. (n.d.). Schools and Staffing Survey. Retrieved from http://nces.ed.gov/surveys/sass/.
    • Schools and Staffing Survey
  • 88
    • 33745097132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transformational and transactional leadership effects on teachers' job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and organizational citizenship behavior in primary schools: The Tanzanian case
    • Nguni S.,Sleegers P.,Denessen E.Transformational and transactional leadership effects on teachers' job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and organizational citizenship behavior in primary schools: The Tanzanian case.School Effectiveness and School Improvement. 2006;17:145-177.
    • (2006) School Effectiveness and School Improvement , vol.17 , pp. 145-177
    • Nguni, S.1    Sleegers, P.2    Denessen, E.3
  • 89
    • 36849091981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deciding on the number of classes in latent class analysis and growth mixture modeling: A Monte Carlo simulation study
    • Nylund K.,Asparouhov T.,Muthen B.Deciding on the number of classes in latent class analysis and growth mixture modeling: A Monte Carlo simulation study.Structural Equation Modeling. 2007;14 (4): 535-569.
    • (2007) Structural Equation Modeling , vol.14 , Issue.4 , pp. 535-569
    • Nylund, K.1    Asparouhov, T.2    Muthen, B.3
  • 90
    • 35748946921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subtypes, severity, and structural stability of peer victimization: What does latent class analysis say?
    • Nylund K.,Bellmore A.,Nishina A.,Graham S.Subtypes, severity, and structural stability of peer victimization: What does latent class analysis say?.Child Development. 2007;78 (6): 1706-1722.
    • (2007) Child Development , vol.78 , Issue.6 , pp. 1706-1722
    • Nylund, K.1    Bellmore, A.2    Nishina, A.3    Graham, S.4
  • 92
    • 40549093985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leadership for teacher learning: A community of practice perspective
    • Printy S.Leadership for teacher learning: A community of practice perspective.Educational Administration Quarterly. 2008;44 (2): 187-226.
    • (2008) Educational Administration Quarterly , vol.44 , Issue.2 , pp. 187-226
    • Printy, S.1
  • 93
    • 78650348961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrated leadership: How principals and teachers share transformational and instructional influence
    • Printy S.,Marks H.,Bowers A. J.Integrated leadership: How principals and teachers share transformational and instructional influence.Journal of School Leadership. 2009;19:504-532.
    • (2009) Journal of School Leadership , vol.19 , pp. 504-532
    • Printy, S.1    Marks, H.2    Bowers, A.J.3
  • 94
    • 57149127362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of leadership on student outcomes: An analysis of the differential effects of leadership types
    • Robinson V.,Lloyd C.,Rowe K.The impact of leadership on student outcomes: An analysis of the differential effects of leadership types.Educational Administration Quarterly. 2008;44:635-674.
    • (2008) Educational Administration Quarterly , vol.44 , pp. 635-674
    • Robinson, V.1    Lloyd, C.2    Rowe, K.3
  • 95
    • 84970220678 scopus 로고
    • Commitment and control: Alternative strategies for the organizational design of schools
    • Rowan B.Commitment and control: Alternative strategies for the organizational design of schools.Review of Research in Education. 1990;16:353-389.
    • (1990) Review of Research in Education , vol.16 , pp. 353-389
    • Rowan, B.1
  • 98
    • 84973815989 scopus 로고
    • Teacher leaders and their principals: Exploring the development of new working relationships
    • Smylie M.,Brownlee-Conyers J.Teacher leaders and their principals: Exploring the development of new working relationships.Educational Administration Quarterly. 1992;28:150-184.
    • (1992) Educational Administration Quarterly , vol.28 , pp. 150-184
    • Smylie, M.1    Brownlee-Conyers, J.2
  • 99
    • 28444466929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Directive versus participative leadership: Two complementary approaches to managing school effectiveness
    • Somech A.Directive versus participative leadership: Two complementary approaches to managing school effectiveness.Educational Administration Quarterly. 2005;41 (5): 777-800.
    • (2005) Educational Administration Quarterly , vol.41 , Issue.5 , pp. 777-800
    • Somech, A.1
  • 101
  • 102
    • 0037287740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forms of capital and the constructional of leadership: Instructional leadership in urban elementary schools
    • Spillane J.,Hallett T.,Diamond J.Forms of capital and the constructional of leadership: Instructional leadership in urban elementary schools.Sociology of Education. 2003;76:1-17.
    • (2003) Sociology of Education , vol.76 , pp. 1-17
    • Spillane, J.1    Hallett, T.2    Diamond, J.3
  • 104
    • 1642291379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The incorporation of sample weights into multilevel structural equation models
    • Stapleton L. M.The incorporation of sample weights into multilevel structural equation models.Structural Equation Modeling. 2002;9 (4): 475-502.
    • (2002) Structural Equation Modeling , vol.9 , Issue.4 , pp. 475-502
    • Stapleton, L.M.1
  • 107
    • 79959776507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How to improve teaching practices: The role of teacher motivation, organizational factors, and leadership practices
    • Thoonen E.,Sleegers P.,Oort F.,Peetsma T.,Geijsel F.How to improve teaching practices: The role of teacher motivation, organizational factors, and leadership practices.Educational Administration Quarterly. 2011;47:496-536.
    • (2011) Educational Administration Quarterly , vol.47 , pp. 496-536
    • Thoonen, E.1    Sleegers, P.2    Oort, F.3    Peetsma, T.4    Geijsel, F.5
  • 108
  • 110
    • 79960711675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What influences principals' perceptions of academic climate? A nationally representative study of the direct effects of perception on climate
    • Urick A.,Bowers A. J.What influences principals' perceptions of academic climate? A nationally representative study of the direct effects of perception on climate.Leadership and Policy in Schools. 2011;10:322-348.
    • (2011) Leadership and Policy in Schools , vol.10 , pp. 322-348
    • Urick, A.1    Bowers, A.J.2
  • 111
    • 84878140483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How does principal perception of academic climate measure up? The impact of principal perceptions on student academic climate and achievement in high school
    • Urick A.,Bowers A. J.How does principal perception of academic climate measure up? The impact of principal perceptions on student academic climate and achievement in high school.Journal of School Leadership.:.
    • Journal of School Leadership
    • Urick, A.1    Bowers, A.J.2
  • 112
    • 34250792744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Teacher and collective efficacy beliefs as predictors of professional commitment
    • Ware H.,Kitsantas A.Teacher and collective efficacy beliefs as predictors of professional commitment.Journal of Educational Research. 2007;100 (5): 303-310.
    • (2007) Journal of Educational Research , vol.100 , Issue.5 , pp. 303-310
    • Ware, H.1    Kitsantas, A.2
  • 113
    • 79953723485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting teacher commitment using principal and teacher efficacy variables: An HLM approach
    • Ware H.,Kitsantas A.Predicting teacher commitment using principal and teacher efficacy variables: An HLM approach.Journal of Educational Research. 2011;104 (3): 183-193.
    • (2011) Journal of Educational Research , vol.104 , Issue.3 , pp. 183-193
    • Ware, H.1    Kitsantas, A.2
  • 114
    • 79955745087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Teacher community in urban elementary schools: The role of leadership and bureaucratic accountability
    • Weathers J.Teacher community in urban elementary schools: The role of leadership and bureaucratic accountability.Education Policy Analysis Archives. 2011;19 (3): 1-39.
    • (2011) Education Policy Analysis Archives , vol.19 , Issue.3 , pp. 1-39
    • Weathers, J.1
  • 115
    • 21144461724 scopus 로고
    • Shared decision making about what? A comparison of schools with and without teacher participation
    • Weiss C.Shared decision making about what? A comparison of schools with and without teacher participation.Teacher College Record. 1993;95:69-92.
    • (1993) Teacher College Record , vol.95 , pp. 69-92
    • Weiss, C.1
  • 116
    • 84878130098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the wrong track: How tracking is associated with dropping out of high school
    • Werblow J.,Urick A.,Duesbery L.On the wrong track: How tracking is associated with dropping out of high school.Equity and Excellence in Education. 2013;46:270-284.
    • (2013) Equity and Excellence in Education , vol.46 , pp. 270-284
    • Werblow, J.1    Urick, A.2    Duesbery, L.3
  • 117
    • 84894563434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Edwardsville: Illinois Education Research Council, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville. Retrieved from
    • WhiteB.BowersA. J. (2011). Principal effects in Illinois: A research brief (IERC 2011-3). Edwardsville: Illinois Education Research Council, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville. Retrieved from http://www.siue.edu/ierc/publications/pdf/2011-3_Principal_Effects.pdf.
    • (2011) Principal effects in Illinois: A research brief (IERC 2011-3)
    • White, B.1    Bowers, A.J.2
  • 118
    • 6344281220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Rasch analysis of three measures of teacher perception generated from the Schools and Staffing Survey
    • Wolfe E.,Ray L.,Harris D.A Rasch analysis of three measures of teacher perception generated from the Schools and Staffing Survey.Educational and Psychological Measurement. 2004;64 (5): 842-860.
    • (2004) Educational and Psychological Measurement , vol.64 , Issue.5 , pp. 842-860
    • Wolfe, E.1    Ray, L.2    Harris, D.3
  • 119
    • 84873035038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • School leadership practice and preparation: Comparative perspectives on organizational learning (OL), instructional leadership (IL) and culturally responsive practices (CRP)
    • Ylimaki R.,Jacobson S.School leadership practice and preparation: Comparative perspectives on organizational learning (OL), instructional leadership (IL) and culturally responsive practices (CRP).Journal of Educational Administration. 2013;51:6-23.
    • (2013) Journal of Educational Administration , vol.51 , pp. 6-23
    • Ylimaki, R.1    Jacobson, S.2
  • 120
  • 121
    • 0009888437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An empirical test of conclusions from effective schools research
    • Zigarelli M.An empirical test of conclusions from effective schools research.Journal of Educational Research. 1996;90 (2): 103-110.
    • (1996) Journal of Educational Research , vol.90 , Issue.2 , pp. 103-110
    • Zigarelli, M.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.