Endothelin receptor signaling: New insight into its regulatory mechanisms

Journal of Pharmacological Sciences

Volumn 123, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 85-101

  Horinouchi, Takahiro ^a   Terada, Koji ^a   Higashi, Tsunehito ^a   Miwa, Soichi ^a  

^a HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (Japan)

Author keywords

Endothelin receptor; G protein coupled receptor; G protein coupled receptor interacting protein; Jun activation domain binding protein 1; Stromal interaction molecule

Indexed keywords

ALPHA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR; CALCIUM RELEASE ACTIVATED CALCIUM CHANNEL 1; CYCLIC AMP; CYCLIC AMP DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE; ENDOTHELIAL NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE; ENDOTHELIN 1; ENDOTHELIN 2; ENDOTHELIN 3; ENDOTHELIN A RECEPTOR; ENDOTHELIN B RECEPTOR; ENDOTHELIN RECEPTOR; HISTONE DEACETYLASE 7; PURINERGIC RECEPTOR; STROMAL INTERACTION MOLECULE 1; TRANSIENT RECEPTOR POTENTIAL CHANNEL 3; TRANSIENT RECEPTOR POTENTIAL CHANNEL 6; TRANSIENT RECEPTOR POTENTIAL CHANNEL C;

ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CALCIUM CELL LEVEL; CALCIUM MOBILIZATION; CALCIUM SIGNALING; CELL PROLIFERATION; CHANNEL GATING; ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM; ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION; HUMAN; INSULIN RESISTANCE; NONHUMAN; PULMONARY HYPERTENSION; REGULATORY MECHANISM; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; VASOCONSTRICTION;

ANIMALS; CALCIUM; CALCIUM CHANNELS; CALCIUM SIGNALING; CELL PROLIFERATION; ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM; ENDOTHELIN-1; ENDOTHELIN-2; ENDOTHELIN-3; GTP-BINDING PROTEINS; HUMANS; INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS; LIGANDS; MEMBRANE PROTEINS; NEOPLASM PROTEINS; PEPTIDE HYDROLASES; RECEPTOR, ENDOTHELIN A; RECEPTOR, ENDOTHELIN B; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TRPC CATION CHANNELS; VASOCONSTRICTION;

EID: 84888598320     PISSN: 13478613     EISSN: 13478648     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1254/jphs.13R02CR     Document Type: Review

References (125)

1. Audet M, Bouvier M. Restructuring G-protein-coupled receptor activation. Cell. 2012;151:14-23.
2. Alexander SP, Mathie A, Peters JA. Guide to Receptors and Channels (GRAC), 5th edition. Br J Pharmacol. 2011;164:S1-S324.
3. Yanagisawa M, Kurihara H, Kimura S, Tomobe Y, Kobayashi M, Mitsui Y, et al. A novel potent vasoconstrictor peptide produced by vascular endothelial cells. Nature. 1988;332:411-415.
4. Barton M, Yanagisawa M. Endothelin: 20 years from discovery to therapy. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2008;86:485-498.
5. Barton M. Reversal of proteinuric renal disease and the emerging role of endothelin. Nat Clin Pract Nephrol. 2008;4:490-501.
6. Rodríguez-Pascual F, Busnadiego O, Lagares D, Lamas S. Role of endothelin in the cardiovascular system. Pharmacol Res. 2011;63:463-472.
7. Thorin E, Webb DJ. Endothelium-derived endothelin-1. Pflugers Arch. 2010;459:951-958.
8. A receptors. Mol Pharmacol. 2002;62:75-80.
9. Horinouchi T, Terada K, Higa T, Aoyagi H, Nishiya T, Suzuki H, et al. Function and regulation of endothelin type A receptor-operated transient receptor potential canonical channels. J Pharmacol Sci. 2011;117:295-306.
10. 2+ entry mediated via transient receptor potential canonical 6 channels. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2012;340:143-151.
11. Sánchez A, Recio P, Orensanz L, Bustamante S, Navarro-Dorado J, Climent B, et al. Mechanisms involved in the effects of endothelin-1 in pig prostatic small arteries. Eur J Pharmacol. 2010;640:190-196.
12. 2+ influx mediated via human endothelin type A receptor stably expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. J Pharmacol Sci. 2008;107:456-459.
13. 12 proteins: the functional significance of receptor expression level in generating multiple receptor signaling. J Pharmacol Sci. 2009;111:338-351.
14. Horinouchi T, Higashi T, Higa T, Terada K, Mai Y, Aoyagi H, et al. Different binding property of STIM1 and its novel splice variant STIM1L to Orai1, TRPC3, and TRPC6 channels. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2012;428:252-258.
15. Bockaert J, Marin P, Dumuis A, Fagni L. The 'magic tail' of G protein-coupled receptors: an anchorage for functional protein networks. FEBS Lett. 2003;546:65-72.
16. Bockaert J, Fagni L, Dumuis A, Marin P. GPCR interacting proteins (GIP). Pharmacol Ther. 2004;103:203-221.
17. Bockaert J, Perroy J, Bécamel C, Marin P, Fagni L. GPCR interacting proteins (GIPs) in the nervous system: Roles in physiology and pathologies. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2010;50:89-109.
18. Bockaert J, Roussignol G, Bécamel C, Gavarini S, Joubert L, Dumuis A, et al. GPCR-interacting proteins (GIPs): nature and functions. Biochem Soc Trans. 2004;32:851-855.
19. Nishimoto A, Lu L, Hayashi M, Nishiya T, Horinouchi T, Miwa S. Jab1 regulates levels of endothelin type A and B receptors by promoting ubiquitination and degradation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2010;391:1616-1622.
20. Hickey KA, Rubanyi G, Paul RJ, Highsmith RF. Characterization of a coronary vasoconstrictor produced by cultured endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 1985;248:C550-C556.
21. Inoue A, Yanagisawa M, Kimura S, Kasuya Y, Miyauchi T, Goto K, et al. The human endothelin family: three structurally and pharmacologically distinct isopeptides predicted by three separate genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989;86:2863-2867.
22. Ohkita M, Tawa M, Kitada K, Matsumura Y. Pathophysiological roles of endothelin receptors in cardiovascular diseases. J Pharmacol Sci. 2012;119:302-313.
23. Stow LR, Jacobs ME, Wingo CS, Cain BD. Endothelin-1 gene regulation. FASEB J. 2011;25:16-28.
24. Giannessi D, Del Ry S, Vitale RL. The role of endothelins and their receptors in heart failure. Pharmacol Res. 2001;43:111-126.
25. Rubanyi GM, Polokoff MA. Endothelins: molecular biology, biochemistry, pharmacology, physiology, and pathophysiology. Pharmacol Rev. 1994;46:325-415.
26. Frumkin LR. The pharmacological treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Pharmacol Rev. 2012;64:583-620.
27. Rubin LJ. Endothelin receptor antagonists for the treatment of pulmonary artery hypertension. Life Sci. 2012;91:517-521.
28. Schoner W. Salt abuse: the path to hypertension. Nat Med. 2008;14:16-17.
29. 13-LARG-mediated signaling in vascular smooth muscle is required for salt-induced hypertension. Nat Med. 2008;14:64-68.
30. Cardillo C, Kilcoyne CM, Waclawiw M, Cannon ROr, Panza JA. Role of endothelin in the increased vascular tone of patients with essential hypertension. Hypertension. 1999;33:753-758.
31. Pernow J, Shemyakin A, Böhm F. New perspectives on endothelin-1 in atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus. Life Sci. 2012;91:507-516.
32. Sakai S, Miyauchi T, Kobayasi M, Yamaguchi I, Goto K, Sugishita Y. Inhibition of myocardiac endothelin pathway improves long-term survaval in heart failure. Nature. 1996;384:353-355.
33. Hosoda K, Nakao K, Arai H, Suga S, Ogawa Y, Mukoyama M, et al. Cloning and expression of human endothelin-1 receptor cDNA. FEBS Lett. 1991;287:23-26.
34. Ogawa Y, Nakao K, Arai H, Nakagawa O, Hosoda K, Suga S, et al. Molecular cloning of a non-isopeptide-selective human endothelin receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1991;178:248-255.
35. Warner TD, Mitchell JA, de Nucci G, Vane JR. Endothelin-1 and endothelin-3 release EDRF from isolated perfused arterial vessels of the rat and rabbit. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1989;13:S85-S88.
36. de Nucci G, Thomas R, D'Orleans-Juste P, Antunes E, Walder C, Warner TD, et al. Pressor effects of circulating endothelin are limited by its removal in the pulmonary circulation and by the release of prostacyclin and endothelium-derived relaxing factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988;85:9797-9800.
37. B receptors in rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1994;199:1461-1465.
38. B receptors. J Appl Physiol. 1996;81:1510-1515.
39. Garg UC, Hassid A. Nitric oxide-generating vasodilators and 8-bromo-cyclic guanosine monophosphate inhibit mitogenesis and proliferation of cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells. J Clin Invest. 1989;83:1774-1777.
40. 2+ sensitivity of smooth muscle and nonmuscle myosin II: modulated by G proteins, kinases, and myosin phosphatase. Physiol Rev. 2003;83:1325-1358.
41. B. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2004;287:C1209-C1218.
42. 2+ sensitivity and proliferation in human pulmonary arteries. Am J Hypertens. 2012;25:756-763.
43. 2+ sensitization of contraction in arterial smooth muscle. Circ Res. 2007;100:121-129.
44. Mazzuca MQ, Khalil RA. Vascular endothelin receptor type B: structure, function and dysregulation in vascular disease. Biochem Pharmacol. 2012;84:147-162.
45. Liu S, Premont RT, Kontos CD, Zhu S, Rockey DC. A crucial role for GRK2 in regulation of endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase function in portal hypertension. Nat Med. 2005;11:952-958.
46. Putney JW. Pharmacology of store-operated calcium channels. Mol Interv. 2010;10:209-218.
47. Smyth JT, Hwang SY, Tomita T, DeHaven WI, Mercer JC, Putney JW. Activation and regulation of store-operated calcium entry. J Cell Mol Med. 2010;14:2337-2349.
48. Berridge MJ, Lipp P, Bootman MD. The versatility and universality of calcium signalling. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2000;1:11-21.
49. Berridge MJ, Bootman MD, Roderick HL. Calcium signalling: dynamics, homeostasis and remodelling. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2003;4:517-529.
50. Spassova MA, Soboloff J, He LP, Hewavitharana T, Xu W, Venkatachalam K, et al. Calcium entry mediated by SOCs and TRP channels: variations and enigma. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2004;1742:9-20.
51. Eder P, Molkentin JD. TRPC channels as effectors of cardiac hypertrophy. Circ Res. 2011;108:265-272.
52. Watanabe H, Murakami M, Ohba T, Takahashi Y, Ito H. TRP channel and cardiovascular disease. Pharmacol Ther. 2008;118:337-351.
53. Venkatachalam K, Montell C. TRP channels. Annu Rev Biochem. 2007;76:387-417.
54. Vazquez G, Wedel BJ, Aziz O, Trebak M, Putney JWJ. The mammalian TRPC cation channels. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2004;1742:21-36.
55. Owsianik G, Talavera K, Voets T, Nilius B. Permeation and selectivity of TRP channels. Annu Rev Physiol. 2006;68:685-717.
56. Hofmann T, Obukhov AG, Schaefer M, Harteneck C, Gudermann T, Schultz G. Direct activation of human TRPC6 and TRPC3 channels by diacylglycerol. Nature. 1999;397:259-263.
57. Abramowitz J, Birnbaumer L. Physiology and pathophysiology of canonical transient receptor potential channels. FASEB J. 2009;23:297-328.
58. Iwamoto T. Na+/Ca2+ exchange as a drug target - insights from molecular pharmacology and genetic engineering. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2007;1099:516-528.
59. Eder P, Probst D, Rosker C, Poteser M, Wolinski H, Kohlwein SD, et al. Phospholipase C-dependent control of cardiac calcium homeostasis involves a TRPC3-NCX1 signaling complex. Cardiovasc Res. 2007;73:111-119.
60. 2+ exchange. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2008;294:F212-F219.
61. 2+ entry via NCX reversal in ATP stimulated smooth muscle cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2007;352:130-134.
62. Onohara N, Nishida M, Inoue R, Kobayashi H, Sumimoto H, Sato Y, et al. TRPC3 and TRPC6 are essential for angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy. EMBO J. 2006;25:5305-5316.
63. Reading SA, Earley S, Waldron BJ, Welsh DG, Brayden JE. TRPC3 mediates pyrimidine receptor-induced depolarization of cerebral arteries. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2005;288:H2055-H2061.
64. Soboloff J, Rothberg BS, Madesh M, Gill DL. STIM proteins: dynamic calcium signal transducers. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2012;13:549-565.
65. Yuan JP, Zeng W, Huang GN, Worley PF, Muallem S. STIM1 heteromultimerizes TRPC channels to determine their function as store-operated channels. Nat Cell Biol. 2007;9:636-645.
66. Beech DJ. Orai1 calcium channels in the vasculature. Pflugers Arch. 2012;463:635-647.
67. Soboloff J, Spassova MA, Tang XD, Hewavitharana T, Xu W, Gill DL. Orai1 and STIM reconstitute store-operated calcium channel function. J Biol Chem. 2006;281:20661-20665.
68. Kunichika N, Landsberg JW, Yu Y, Kunichika H, Thistlethwaite PA, Rubin LJ, et al. Bosentan inhibits transient receptor potential channel expression in pulmonary vascular myocytes. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004;170:1101-1107.
69. Yu Y, Fantozzi I, Remillard CV, Landsberg JW, Kunichika N, Platoshyn O, et al. Enhanced expression of transient receptor potential channels in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004;101:13861-13866.
70. Pozo-Guisado E, Campbell DG, Deak M, Alvarez-Barrientos A, Morrice NA, Alvarez IS, et al. Phosphorylation of STIM1 at ERK1/2 target sites modulates store-operated calcium entry. J Cell Sci. 2010;123:3084-3093.
71. 2+ signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells. J Cell Physiol. 2012;227:1610-1618.
72. 2+-permeable nonselective cation channel by endothelin-1 in A7r5 cells. Br J Pharmacol. 1998;124:1541-1549.
73. 2+ channel blocker LOE 908. Br J Pharmacol. 1999;126:1107-1114.
74. 2+ entry activity of TRPC6 in HEK-293 cells. Cell Calcium. 2002;32:201-207.
75. 2+-permeable cation channel that is constitutively activated and enhanced by stimulation of G protein-coupled receptor. J Biol Chem. 1999;274:27359-27370.
76. Worley PF, Zeng W, Huang GN, Yuan JP, Kim JY, Lee MG, et al. TRPC channels as STIM1-regulated store-operated channels. Cell Calcium. 2007;42:205-211.
77. Nishioka K, Nishida M, Ariyoshi M, Jian Z, Saiki S, Hirano M, et al. Cilostazol suppresses angiotensin II-induced vasoconstriction via protein kinase A-mediated phosphorylation of the transient receptor potential canonical 6 channel. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2011;31:2278-2286.
78. Hassock SR, Zhu MX, Trost C, Flockerzi V, Authi KS. Expression and role of TRPC proteins in human platelets: evidence that TRPC6 forms the store-independent calcium entry channel. Blood. 2002;100:2801-2811.
79. Songyang Z, Blechner S, Hoagland N, Hoekstra MF, Piwnica-Worms H, Cantley LC. Use of an oriented peptide library to determine the optimal substrates of protein kinases. Curr Biol. 1994;4:973-982.
80. Songyang Z, Lu KP, Kwon YT, Tsai LH, Filhol O, Cochet C, et al. A structural basis for substrate specificities of protein Ser/Thr kinases: primary sequence preference of casein kinases I and II, NIMA, phosphorylase kinase, calmodulin-dependent kinase II, CDK5, and Erk1. Mol Cell Biol. 1996;16:6486-6493.
81. Obata T, Yaffe MB, Leparc GG, Piro ET, Maegawa H, Kashiwagi A, et al. Peptide and protein library screening defines optimal substrate motifs for AKT/PKB. J Biol Chem. 2000;275:36108-36115.
82. Shi J, Mori E, Mori Y, Mori M, Li J, Ito Y, et al. Multiple regulation by calcium of murine homologues of transient receptor potential proteins TRPC6 and TRPC7 expressed in HEK293 cells. J Physiol. 2004;561:415-432.
83. Hisatsune C, Kuroda Y, Nakamura K, Inoue T, Nakamura T, Michikawa T, et al. Regulation of TRPC6 channel activity by tyrosine phosphorylation. J Biol Chem. 2004;279:18887-18894.
84. Kim JY, Saffen D. Activation of M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors stimulates the formation of a multiprotein complex centered on TRPC6 channels. J Biol Chem. 2005;280:32035-32047.
85. Bousquet SM, Monet M, Boulay G. Protein kinase C-dependent phosphorylation of transient receptor potential canonical 6 (TRPC6) on serine 448 causes channel inhibition. J Biol Chem. 2010;285:40534-40543.
86. Kinoshita H, Kuwahara K, Nishida M, Jian Z, Rong X, Kiyonaka S, et al. Inhibition of TRPC6 channel activity contributes to the antihypertrophic effects of natriuretic peptides-guanylyl cyclase-A signaling in the heart. Circ Res. 2010;106:1849-1860.
87. 69 is required for anti-hypertrophic effects of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibition. J Biol Chem. 2010;285:13244-13253.
88. Kinoshita E, Kinoshita-Kikuta E, Takiyama K, Koike T. Phosphate-binding tag, a new tool to visualize phosphorylated proteins. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2006;5:749-757.
89. 2+ release. J Cell Biol. 2011;194:335-346.
90. Chung KY, Day PW, Vélez-Ruiz G, Sunahara RK, Kobilka BK. Identification of GPCR-interacting cytosolic proteins using HDL particles and mass spectrometry-based proteomic approach. PLoS One. 2013;8:e54942.
91. 1A-adrenoceptor-operated calcium influx through TRPC6. J Biol Chem. 2007;282:29563-29573.
92. Ilardi JM, Mochida S, Sheng ZH. Snapin: a SNARE-associated protein implicated in synaptic transmission. Nat Neurosci. 1999;2:119-124.
93. Chheda MG, Ashery U, Thakur P, Rettig J, Sheng ZH. Phosphorylation of Snapin by PKA modulates its interaction with the SNARE complex. Nat Cell Biol. 2001;3:331-338.
94. Magalhaes AC, Dunn H, Ferguson SS. Regulation of GPCR activity, trafficking and localization by GPCR-interacting proteins. Br J Pharmacol. 2012;165:1717-1736.
95. Ritter SL, Hall RA. Fine-tuning of GPCR activity by receptor-interacting proteins. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2009;10:819-830.
96. Kuramasu A, Sukegawa J, Yanagisawa T, Yanai K. Recent advances in molecular pharmacology of the histamine systems: roles of C-terminal tails of histamine receptors. J Pharmacol Sci. 2006;101:7-11.
97. Marrero MB, Venema VJ, Ju H, He H, Liang H, Caldwell RB, et al. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase interactions with G-protein-coupled receptors. Biochem J. 1999;343:335-340.
98. Lee HJ, Chun M, Kandror KV. Tip60 and HDAC7 interact with the endothelin receptor a and may be involved in downstream signaling. J Biol Chem. 2001;276:16597-16600.
99. B. Its critical role in G protein coupling and a differential requirement for the cytoplasmic tail by G protein subtypes. J Biol Chem. 1997;272:21589-21596.
100. Claret FX, Hibi M, Dhut S, Toda T, Karin M. A new group of conserved coactivators that increase the specificity of AP-1 transcription factors. Nature. 1996;383:453-457.
101. Tomoda K, Kubota Y, Kato J. Degradation of the cyclin-dependent-kinase inhibitor p27Kip1 is instigated by Jab1. Nature. 1999;398:160-165.
102. Bech-Otschir D, Kraft R, Huang X, Henklein P, Kapelari B, Pollmann C, et al. COP9 signalosome-specific phosphorylation targets p53 to degradation by the ubiquitin system. EMBO J. 2001;20:1630-1639.
103. Li S, Liu X, Ascoli M. p38JAB1 binds to the intracellular precursor of the lutropin/choriogonadotropin receptor and promotes its degradation. J Biol Chem. 2000;275:13386-13393.
104. Kulathu Y, Komander D. Atypical ubiquitylation - the unexplored world of polyubiquitin beyond Lys48 and Lys63 linkages. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2012;13:508-523.
105. Wan M, Cao X, Wu Y, Bai S, Wu L, Shi X, et al. Jab1 antagonizes TGF-beta signaling by inducing Smad4 degradation. EMBO Rep. 2002;3:171-176.
106. Zhang XC, Chen J, Su CH, Yang HY, Lee MH. Roles for CSN5 in control of p53/MDM2 activities. J Cell Biochem. 2008;103:1219-1230.
107. Cope GA, Deshaies RJ. COP9 signalosome: a multifunctional regulator of SCF and other cullin-based ubiquitin ligases. Cell. 2003;114:663-671.
108. Bremnes T, Paasche JD, Mehlum A, Sandberg C, Bremnes B, Attramadal H. Regulation and intracellular trafficking pathways of the endothelin receptors. J Biol Chem. 2000;275:17596-17604.
109. Paasche JD, Attramadal T, Sandberg C, Johansen HK, Attramadal H. Mechanisms of endothelin receptor subtype-specific targeting to distinct intracellular trafficking pathways. J Biol Chem. 2001;276:34041-34050.
110. Abe Y, Nakayama K, Yamanaka A, Sakurai T, Goto K. Subtype-specific trafficking of endothelin receptors. J Biol Chem. 2000;275:8664-8671.
111. Ohba T, Watanabe H, Murakami M, Sato T, Ono K, Ito H. Essential role of STIM1 in the development of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2009;389:172-176.
112. 2+ entry dependent on TRPC1. Circ Res. 2003;93:839-847.
113. 3 receptor-mediated activation of TRPC1. Eur J Pharmacol. 2008;583:135-147.
114. 2 in rabbit coronary artery myocytes. J Physiol. 2009;587:5361-5375.
115. 2+ release. Circ Res. 2008;102:1118-1126.
116. 2+-permeable cation channel with TRPC3 and TRPC7 properties in rabbit coronary artery myocytes. J Physiol. 2007;580:755-764.
117. Jung S, Strotmann R, Schultz G, Plant TD. TRPC6 is a candidate channel involved in receptor-stimulated cation currents in A7r5 smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2002;282:C347-C359.
118. Saleh SN, Albert AP, Peppiatt CM, Large WA. Angiotensin II activates two cation conductances with distinct TRPC1 and TRPC6 channel properties in rabbit mesenteric artery myocytes. J Physiol. 2006;577:479-495.
119. 2+ entry mediated by TRPC3/TRPC6 proteins in rat prostate smooth muscle (PS1) cell line. J Cell Physiol. 2005;204:320-328.
120. 2+-permeable cation channel. Circ Res. 2001;88:325-332.
121. 2+ handling is altered when arterial myocytes progress from a contractile to a proliferative phenotype in culture. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2008;295:C779-C790.
122. Zhang S, Remillard CV, Fantozzi I, Yuan JX. ATP-induced mitogenesis is mediated by cyclic AMP response element-binding protein-enhanced TRPC4 expression and activity in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2004;287:C1192-C1201.
123. 2+ entry in purinergically stimulated aorta smooth muscle cells. Circ Res. 2007;101:1030-1038.
124. + entry. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2007;357:1177-1182.
125. Beck B, Zholos A, Sydorenko V, Roudbaraki M, Lehen'kyi V, Bordat P, et al. TRPC7 is a receptor-operated DAG-activated channel in human keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol. 2006;126:1982-1993.