메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 502, Issue 7472, 2013, Pages 472-479

TET enzymes, TDG and the dynamics of DNA demethylation

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

5 CARBOXYLCYTOSINE; 5 FORMYLCYTOSINE; 5 HYDROXYMETHYLCYTOSINE; 5 HYDROXYMETHYLURACIL; 5 METHYLCYTOSINE; BINDING PROTEIN; CYTOSINE; ENZYME; ISOCITRATE DEHYDROGENASE 1; ISOCITRATE DEHYDROGENASE 2; METHYL BINDING DOMAIN PROTEIN 4; S ADENOSYLMETHIONINE; TEN ELEVEN TRANSLOCATION 1 ENZYME; TEN ELEVEN TRANSLOCATION 2 ENZYME; TEN ELEVEN TRANSLOCATION 3 ENZYME; TEN ELEVEN TRANSLOCATION ENZYME; THYMINE DNA GLYCOSYLASE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 84886860116     PISSN: 00280836     EISSN: 14764687     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nature12750     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (1245)

References (104)
  • 1
    • 15744401773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eukaryotic cytosine methyltransferases
    • Goll, M. G. & Bestor, T. H. Eukaryotic cytosine methyltransferases. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 74, 481-514 (2005).
    • (2005) Annu. Rev. Biochem. , vol.74 , pp. 481-514
    • Goll, M.G.1    Bestor, T.H.2
  • 2
    • 32344450824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genomic DNA methylation: The mark and its mediators
    • Klose, R. J. & Bird, A. P. Genomic DNA methylation: the mark and its mediators. Trends Biochem. Sci. 31, 89-97 (2006).
    • (2006) Trends Biochem. Sci. , vol.31 , pp. 89-97
    • Klose, R.J.1    Bird, A.P.2
  • 3
    • 23044490934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transposon silencing and imprint establishment in mammalian germ cells
    • Bestor, T. H. & Bourc'his, D. Transposon silencing and imprint establishment in mammalian germ cells. Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol. 69, 381-387 (2004).
    • (2004) Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol. , vol.69 , pp. 381-387
    • Bestor, T.H.1    Bourc'His, D.2
  • 4
    • 0037372003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epigenetic regulation of gene expression: How the genome integrates intrinsic and environmental signals
    • Jaenisch, R. & Bird, A. Epigenetic regulation of gene expression: how the genome integrates intrinsic and environmental signals. Nature Genet. 33 (suppl.), 245-254 (2003).
    • (2003) Nature Genet. , vol.33 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 245-254
    • Jaenisch, R.1    Bird, A.2
  • 5
    • 77956095231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Active DNA demethylation: Many roads lead to Rome
    • Wu, S. C. & Zhang, Y. Active DNA demethylation: many roads lead to Rome. Nature Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 11, 607-620 (2010).
    • (2010) Nature Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. , vol.11 , pp. 607-620
    • Wu, S.C.1    Zhang, Y.2
  • 6
    • 45449114804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The colorful history of active DNA demethylation
    • Ooi, S. K. & Bestor, T. H. The colorful history of active DNA demethylation. Cell 133, 1145-1148 (2008).
    • (2008) Cell , vol.133 , pp. 1145-1148
    • Ooi, S.K.1    Bestor, T.H.2
  • 7
    • 79961224298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epigenetic reprogramming of mouse germ cells toward totipotency
    • Surani, M. A. & Hajkova, P. Epigenetic reprogramming of mouse germ cells toward totipotency. Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol. 75, 211-218 (2010).
    • (2010) Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol. , vol.75 , pp. 211-218
    • Surani, M.A.1    Hajkova, P.2
  • 8
    • 84875204948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamic alterations in the paternal epigenetic landscape following fertilization
    • Jenkins, T. G. & Carrell, D. T. Dynamic alterations in the paternal epigenetic landscape following fertilization. Front. Genet. 3, 143 (2012).
    • (2012) Front. Genet. , vol.3 , pp. 143
    • Jenkins, T.G.1    Carrell, D.T.2
  • 9
    • 0034598784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Demethylation of the zygotic paternal genome
    • Mayer, W., Niveleau, A., Walter, J., Fundele, R. & Haaf, T. Demethylation of the zygotic paternal genome. Nature 403, 501-502 (2000).
    • (2000) Nature , vol.403 , pp. 501-502
    • Mayer, W.1    Niveleau, A.2    Walter, J.3    Fundele, R.4    Haaf, T.5
  • 10
    • 0034176639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Active demethylation of the paternal genome in the mouse zygote
    • Oswald, J. et al. Active demethylation of the paternal genome in the mouse zygote. Curr. Biol. 10, 475-478 (2000).
    • (2000) Curr. Biol. , vol.10 , pp. 475-478
    • Oswald, J.1
  • 11
    • 84859002909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parallel mechanisms of epigenetic reprogramming in the germline
    • Hackett, J. A., Zylicz, J. J. & Surani, M. A. Parallel mechanisms of epigenetic reprogramming in the germline. Trends Genet. 28, 164-174 (2012).
    • (2012) Trends Genet. , vol.28 , pp. 164-174
    • Hackett, J.A.1    Zylicz, J.J.2    Surani, M.A.3
  • 12
    • 40449104358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transient cyclical methylation of promoter DNA
    • Kangaspeska, S. et al. Transient cyclical methylation of promoter DNA. Nature 452, 112-115 (2008).
    • (2008) Nature , vol.452 , pp. 112-115
    • Kangaspeska, S.1
  • 13
    • 40449123137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyclical DNA methylation of a transcriptionally active promoter
    • Métivier, R. et al. Cyclical DNA methylation of a transcriptionally active promoter. Nature 452, 45-50 (2008).
    • (2008) Nature , vol.452 , pp. 45-50
    • Métivier, R.1
  • 14
    • 84861968669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TGF-β-dependent active demethylation and expression of the p15ink4b tumor suppressor are impaired by the ZNF217/CoREST complex
    • Thillainadesan, G. et al. TGF-β-dependent active demethylation and expression of the p15ink4b tumor suppressor are impaired by the ZNF217/CoREST complex. Mol. Cell 46, 636-649 (2012).
    • (2012) Mol. Cell , vol.46 , pp. 636-649
    • Thillainadesan, G.1
  • 15
    • 80052933429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA demethylation dynamics
    • Bhutani, N., Burns, D. M. & Blau, H. M. DNA demethylation dynamics. Cell 146, 866-872 (2011).
    • (2011) Cell , vol.146 , pp. 866-872
    • Bhutani, N.1    Burns, D.M.2    Blau, H.M.3
  • 16
    • 84856158823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The curious chemical biology of cytosine: Deamination, methylation, and oxidation as modulators of genomic potential
    • Nabel, C. S., Manning, S. A. & Kohli, R. M. The curious chemical biology of cytosine: deamination, methylation, and oxidation as modulators of genomic potential. ACS Chem. Biol. 7, 20-30 (2012).
    • (2012) ACS Chem. Biol. , vol.7 , pp. 20-30
    • Nabel, C.S.1    Manning, S.A.2    Kohli, R.M.3
  • 17
    • 66149146320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conversion of 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in mammalian DNA by MLL partner TET1
    • Tahiliani, M. et al. Conversion of 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in mammalian DNA by MLL partner TET1. Science 324, 930-935 (2009).
    • (2009) Science , vol.324 , pp. 930-935
    • Tahiliani, M.1
  • 18
    • 77956189495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of Tet proteins in 5mC to 5hmC conversion, ES-cell self-renewal and inner cell mass specification
    • Ito, S. et al. Role of Tet proteins in 5mC to 5hmC conversion, ES-cell self-renewal and inner cell mass specification. Nature 466, 1129-1133 (2010).
    • (2010) Nature , vol.466 , pp. 1129-1133
    • Ito, S.1
  • 19
    • 66149123748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The nuclear DNA base 5-hydroxymethylcytosine is present in Purkinje neurons and the brain
    • Kriaucionis, S. & Heintz, N. The nuclear DNA base 5-hydroxymethylcytosine is present in Purkinje neurons and the brain. Science 324, 929-930 (2009).
    • (2009) Science , vol.324 , pp. 929-930
    • Kriaucionis, S.1    Heintz, N.2
  • 20
    • 53849113697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Base J: Discovery, biosynthesis, and possible functions
    • Borst, P. & Sabatini, R. Base J: discovery, biosynthesis, and possible functions. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 62, 235-251 (2008).
    • (2008) Annu. Rev. Microbiol. , vol.62 , pp. 235-251
    • Borst, P.1    Sabatini, R.2
  • 21
    • 0015805627 scopus 로고
    • Catalysis of three sequential dioxygenase reactions by thymine 7-hydroxylase
    • Liu, C. K., Hsu, C. A. & Abbott, M. T. Catalysis of three sequential dioxygenase reactions by thymine 7-hydroxylase. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 159, 180-187 (1973).
    • (1973) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. , vol.159 , pp. 180-187
    • Liu, C.K.1    Hsu, C.A.2    Abbott, M.T.3
  • 22
    • 19744376088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genes of the thymidine salvage pathway: Thymine-7-hydroxylase from a Rhodotorula glutinis cDNA library and iso-orotate decarboxylase from Neurospora crassa
    • Smiley, J. A., Kundracik, M., Landfried, D. A., Barnes, V. R. S. & Axhemi, A. A. Genes of the thymidine salvage pathway: thymine-7-hydroxylase from a Rhodotorula glutinis cDNA library and iso-orotate decarboxylase from Neurospora crassa. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1723, 256-264 (2005).
    • (2005) Biochim. Biophys. Acta , vol.1723 , pp. 256-264
    • Smiley, J.A.1    Kundracik, M.2    Landfried, D.A.3    Barnes, V.R.S.4    Axhemi, A.A.5
  • 23
    • 66749152204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediction of novel families of enzymes involved in oxidative and other complex modifications of bases in nucleic acids
    • Iyer, L. M., Tahiliani, M., Rao, A. & Aravind, L. Prediction of novel families of enzymes involved in oxidative and other complex modifications of bases in nucleic acids. Cell Cycle 8, 1698-1710 (2009).
    • (2009) Cell Cycle , vol.8 , pp. 1698-1710
    • Iyer, L.M.1    Tahiliani, M.2    Rao, A.3    Aravind, L.4
  • 24
    • 0037099537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LCX, leukemia-associated protein with a CXXC domain, is fused to MLL in acute myeloid leukemia with trilineage dysplasia having t(10;11) (q22;q23)
    • Ono, R. et al. LCX, leukemia-associated protein with a CXXC domain, is fused to MLL in acute myeloid leukemia with trilineage dysplasia having t(10;11) (q22;q23). Cancer Res. 62, 4075-4080 (2002).
    • (2002) Cancer Res. , vol.62 , pp. 4075-4080
    • Ono, R.1
  • 25
    • 0015298215 scopus 로고
    • The presence of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in animal deoxyribonucleic acid
    • Penn, N. W., Suwalski, R., O'Riley, C., Bojanowski, K. & Yura, R. The presence of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in animal deoxyribonucleic acid. Biochem. J. 126, 781-790 (1972).
    • (1972) Biochem. J. , vol.126 , pp. 781-790
    • Penn, N.W.1    Suwalski, R.2    O'Riley, C.3    Bojanowski, K.4    Yura, R.5
  • 26
    • 78650826181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tissue distribution of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and search for active demethylation intermediates
    • Globisch, D. et al. Tissue distribution of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and search for active demethylation intermediates. PLoS ONE 5, e15367 (2010).
    • (2010) PLoS ONE , vol.5
    • Globisch, D.1
  • 27
    • 78651280460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective chemical labeling reveals the genome-wide distribution of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine
    • Song, C. X. et al. Selective chemical labeling reveals the genome-wide distribution of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine. Nature Biotechnol. 29, 68-72 (2011).
    • (2011) Nature Biotechnol. , vol.29 , pp. 68-72
    • Song, C.X.1
  • 28
    • 80052461558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tet proteins can convert 5-methylcytosine to 5-formylcytosine and 5-carboxylcytosine
    • Ito, S. et al. Tet proteins can convert 5-methylcytosine to 5-formylcytosine and 5-carboxylcytosine. Science 333, 1300-1303 (2011).
    • (2011) Science , vol.333 , pp. 1300-1303
    • Ito, S.1
  • 29
    • 80052495940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tet-mediated formation of 5-carboxylcytosine and its excision by TDG in mammalian DNA
    • He, Y. F. et al. Tet-mediated formation of 5-carboxylcytosine and its excision by TDG in mammalian DNA. Science 333, 1303-1307 (2011).
    • (2011) Science , vol.333 , pp. 1303-1307
    • He, Y.F.1
  • 30
    • 84865140657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A density functional theory study on the kinetics and thermodynamics of N-glycosidic bond cleavage in 5-substituted 2́-deoxycytidines
    • Williams, R. T. & Wang, Y. A density functional theory study on the kinetics and thermodynamics of N-glycosidic bond cleavage in 5-substituted 2́-deoxycytidines. Biochemistry 51, 6458-6462 (2012).
    • (2012) Biochemistry , vol.51 , pp. 6458-6462
    • Williams, R.T.1    Wang, Y.2
  • 31
    • 84875436273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective excision of 5-carboxylcytosine by a thymine DNA glycosylase mutant
    • Hashimoto, H., Zhang, X. & Cheng, X. Selective excision of 5-carboxylcytosine by a thymine DNA glycosylase mutant. J. Mol. Biol. 425, 971-976 (2013).
    • (2013) J. Mol. Biol. , vol.425 , pp. 971-976
    • Hashimoto, H.1    Zhang, X.2    Cheng, X.3
  • 32
    • 78650864017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiological and biochemical aspects of hydroxylations and demethylations catalyzed by human 2-oxoglutarate oxygenases
    • Loenarz, C. & Schofield, C. J. Physiological and biochemical aspects of hydroxylations and demethylations catalyzed by human 2-oxoglutarate oxygenases. Trends Biochem. Sci. 36, 7-18 (2011).
    • (2011) Trends Biochem. Sci. , vol.36 , pp. 7-18
    • Loenarz, C.1    Schofield, C.J.2
  • 33
    • 84870883633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tet3 CXXC domain and dioxygenase activity cooperatively regulate key genes for Xenopus eye and neural development
    • Xu, Y. et al. Tet3 CXXC domain and dioxygenase activity cooperatively regulate key genes for Xenopus eye and neural development. Cell 151, 1200-1213 (2012).
    • (2012) Cell , vol.151 , pp. 1200-1213
    • Xu, Y.1
  • 34
    • 78649825211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TET1 is a DNA-binding protein that modulates DNA methylation and gene transcription via hydroxylation of 5-methylcytosine
    • Zhang, H. et al. TET1 is a DNA-binding protein that modulates DNA methylation and gene transcription via hydroxylation of 5-methylcytosine. Cell Res. 20, 1390-1393 (2010).
    • (2010) Cell Res. , vol.20 , pp. 1390-1393
    • Zhang, H.1
  • 35
    • 84877582944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of TET2 expression and 5-methylcytosine oxidation by the CXXC domain protein IDAX
    • Ko, M. et al. Modulation of TET2 expression and 5-methylcytosine oxidation by the CXXC domain protein IDAX. Nature 497, 122-126 (2013).
    • (2013) Nature , vol.497 , pp. 122-126
    • Ko, M.1
  • 36
    • 84862681459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism and stem-cell activity of 5-carboxycytosine decarboxylation determined by isotope tracing
    • Schiesser, S. et al. Mechanism and stem-cell activity of 5-carboxycytosine decarboxylation determined by isotope tracing. Angew. Chem. Int. Edn Engl. 51, 6516-6520 (2012).
    • (2012) Angew. Chem. Int. Edn Engl. , vol.51 , pp. 6516-6520
    • Schiesser, S.1
  • 38
    • 84859265962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Active DNA demethylation by Gadd45 and DNA repair
    • Niehrs, C. & Schafer, A. Active DNA demethylation by Gadd45 and DNA repair. Trends Cell Biol. 22, 220-227 (2012).
    • (2012) Trends Cell Biol. , vol.22 , pp. 220-227
    • Niehrs, C.1    Schafer, A.2
  • 39
    • 66849119061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA excision repair proteins and Gadd45 as molecular players for active DNA demethylation
    • Ma, D. K., Guo, J. U., Ming, G. L. & Song, H. DNA excision repair proteins and Gadd45 as molecular players for active DNA demethylation. Cell Cycle 8, 1526-1531 (2009).
    • (2009) Cell Cycle , vol.8 , pp. 1526-1531
    • Ma, D.K.1    Guo, J.U.2    Ming, G.L.3    Song, H.4
  • 41
    • 77954345408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome-wide reprogramming in the mouse germ line entails the base excision repair pathway
    • Hajkova, P. et al. Genome-wide reprogramming in the mouse germ line entails the base excision repair pathway. Science 329, 78-82 (2010).
    • (2010) Science , vol.329 , pp. 78-82
    • Hajkova, P.1
  • 42
  • 43
    • 77953596050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamic link of DNA demethylation DNA strand breaks and repair in mouse zygotes
    • Wossidlo, M. et al. Dynamic link of DNA demethylation, DNA strand breaks and repair in mouse zygotes. EMBO J. 29, 1877-1888 (2010).
    • (2010) EMBO J. , vol.29 , pp. 1877-1888
    • Wossidlo, M.1
  • 44
    • 73349104113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Active DNA demethylation mediated by DNA glycosylases
    • Zhu, J. K. Active DNA demethylation mediated by DNA glycosylases. Annu. Rev. Genet. 43, 143-166 (2009).
    • (2009) Annu. Rev. Genet. , vol.43 , pp. 143-166
    • Zhu, J.K.1
  • 45
    • 84865453255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA demethylation by TDG
    • Dalton, S. R. & Bellacosa, A. DNA demethylation by TDG. Epigenomics 4, 459-467 (2012).
    • (2012) Epigenomics , vol.4 , pp. 459-467
    • Dalton, S.R.1    Bellacosa, A.2
  • 46
    • 79951810964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Embryonic lethal phenotype reveals a function of TDG in maintaining epigenetic stability
    • Cortázar, D. et al. Embryonic lethal phenotype reveals a function of TDG in maintaining epigenetic stability. Nature 470, 419-423 (2011).
    • (2011) Nature , vol.470 , pp. 419-423
    • Cortázar, D.1
  • 47
    • 79959937861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thymine DNA glycosylase is essential for active DNA demethylation by linked deamination-base excision repair
    • Cortellino, S. et al. Thymine DNA glycosylase is essential for active DNA demethylation by linked deamination-base excision repair. Cell 146, 67-79 (2011).
    • (2011) Cell , vol.146 , pp. 67-79
    • Cortellino, S.1
  • 49
    • 79955538247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydroxylation of 5-methylcytosine by TET1 promotes active DNA demethylation in the adult brain
    • Guo, J. U., Su, Y., Zhong, C., Ming, G. L. & Song, H. Hydroxylation of 5-methylcytosine by TET1 promotes active DNA demethylation in the adult brain. Cell 145, 423-434 (2011).
    • (2011) Cell , vol.145 , pp. 423-434
    • Guo, J.U.1    Su, Y.2    Zhong, C.3    Ming, G.L.4    Song, H.5
  • 50
    • 77649104794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reprogramming towards pluripotency requires AID-dependent DNA demethylation
    • Bhutani, N. et al. Reprogramming towards pluripotency requires AID-dependent DNA demethylation. Nature 463, 1042-1047 (2010).
    • (2010) Nature , vol.463 , pp. 1042-1047
    • Bhutani, N.1
  • 51
    • 77249148019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome-wide erasure of DNA methylation in mouse primordial germ cells is affected by AID deficiency
    • Popp, C. et al. Genome-wide erasure of DNA methylation in mouse primordial germ cells is affected by AID deficiency. Nature 463, 1101-1105 (2010).
    • (2010) Nature , vol.463 , pp. 1101-1105
    • Popp, C.1
  • 52
    • 84881476513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AID stabilizes stem-cell phenotype by removing epigenetic memory of pluripotency genes
    • Kumar, R. et al. AID stabilizes stem-cell phenotype by removing epigenetic memory of pluripotency genes. Nature 500, 89-92 (2013).
    • (2013) Nature , vol.500 , pp. 89-92
    • Kumar, R.1
  • 53
    • 57649196594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA demethylation in zebrafish involves the coupling of a deaminase, a glycosylase, and gadd45
    • Rai, K. et al. DNA demethylation in zebrafish involves the coupling of a deaminase, a glycosylase, and gadd45. Cell 135, 1201-1212 (2008).
    • (2008) Cell , vol.135 , pp. 1201-1212
    • Rai, K.1
  • 54
    • 33846933274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gadd45a promotes epigenetic gene activation by repair-mediated DNA demethylation
    • Barreto, G. et al. Gadd45a promotes epigenetic gene activation by repair-mediated DNA demethylation. Nature 445, 671-675 (2007).
    • (2007) Nature , vol.445 , pp. 671-675
    • Barreto, G.1
  • 55
    • 41949136533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GADD45A does not promote DNA demethylation
    • Jin, S. G., Guo, C. & Pfeifer, G. P. GADD45A does not promote DNA demethylation. PLoS Genet. 4, e1000013 (2008).
    • (2008) PLoS Genet. , vol.4
    • Jin, S.G.1    Guo, C.2    Pfeifer, G.P.3
  • 56
    • 0037069366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mbd4 inactivation increases C-T transition mutations and promotes gastrointestinal tumor formation
    • Wong, E. et al. Mbd4 inactivation increases C-T transition mutations and promotes gastrointestinal tumor formation. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 99, 14937-14942 (2002).
    • (2002) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.99 , pp. 14937-14942
    • Wong, E.1
  • 57
    • 84865329141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AID/APOBEC deaminases disfavor modified cytosines implicated in DNA demethylation
    • Nabel, C. S. et al. AID/APOBEC deaminases disfavor modified cytosines implicated in DNA demethylation. Nature Chem. Biol. 8, 751-758 (2012).
    • (2012) Nature Chem. Biol. , vol.8 , pp. 751-758
    • Nabel, C.S.1
  • 58
    • 84865165385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AID enzymatic activity is inversely proportional to the size of cytosine C5 orbital cloud
    • Rangam, G., Schmitz, K. M., Cobb, A. J. & Petersen-Mahrt, S. K. AID enzymatic activity is inversely proportional to the size of cytosine C5 orbital cloud. PLoS ONE 7, e43279 (2012).
    • (2012) PLoS ONE , vol.7
    • Rangam, G.1    Schmitz, K.M.2    Cobb, A.J.3    Petersen-Mahrt, S.K.4
  • 59
    • 33749171576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specificity of human thymine DNA glycosylase depends on N-glycosidic bond stability
    • Bennett, M. T. et al. Specificity of human thymine DNA glycosylase depends on N-glycosidic bond stability. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128, 12510-12519 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.128 , pp. 12510-12519
    • Bennett, M.T.1
  • 60
    • 80053917872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thymine DNA glycosylase can rapidly excise 5-formylcytosine and 5-carboxylcytosine: Potential implications for active demethylation of CpG sites
    • Maiti, A. & Drohat, A. C. Thymine DNA glycosylase can rapidly excise 5-formylcytosine and 5-carboxylcytosine: potential implications for active demethylation of CpG sites. J. Biol. Chem. 286, 35334-35338 (2011).
    • (2011) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.286 , pp. 35334-35338
    • Maiti, A.1    Drohat, A.C.2
  • 61
    • 84862776719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thymine DNA glycosylase specifically recognizes 5-carboxylcytosine- modified DNA
    • Zhang, L. et al. Thymine DNA glycosylase specifically recognizes 5-carboxylcytosine-modified DNA. Nature Chem. Biol. 8, 328-330 (2012).
    • (2012) Nature Chem. Biol. , vol.8 , pp. 328-330
    • Zhang, L.1
  • 62
    • 80053348585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of Tet3 DNA dioxygenase in epigenetic reprogramming by oocytes
    • Gu, T. P. et al. The role of Tet3 DNA dioxygenase in epigenetic reprogramming by oocytes. Nature 477, 606-610 (2011).
    • (2011) Nature , vol.477 , pp. 606-610
    • Gu, T.P.1
  • 63
    • 80054097425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Replication-dependent loss of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in mouse preimplantation embryos
    • Inoue, A. & Zhang, Y. Replication-dependent loss of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in mouse preimplantation embryos. Science 334, 194 (2011).
    • (2011) Science , vol.334 , pp. 194
    • Inoue, A.1    Zhang, Y.2
  • 64
    • 79952763586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reprogramming of the paternal genome upon fertilization involves genome-wide oxidation of 5-methylcytosine
    • Iqbal, K., Jin, S. G., Pfeifer, G. P. & Szabo, P. E. Reprogramming of the paternal genome upon fertilization involves genome-wide oxidation of 5-methylcytosine. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 108, 3642-3647 (2011).
    • (2011) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.108 , pp. 3642-3647
    • Iqbal, K.1    Jin, S.G.2    Pfeifer, G.P.3    Szabo, P.E.4
  • 65
    • 79952713567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in the mammalian zygote is linked with epigenetic reprogramming
    • Wossidlo, M. et al. 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in the mammalian zygote is linked with epigenetic reprogramming. Nature Commun. 2, 241 (2011).
    • (2011) Nature Commun. , vol.2 , pp. 241
    • Wossidlo, M.1
  • 66
    • 82655187105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generation and replication-dependent dilution of 5fC and 5caC during mouse preimplantation development
    • Inoue, A., Shen, L., Dai, Q., He, C. & Zhang, Y. Generation and replication-dependent dilution of 5fC and 5caC during mouse preimplantation development. Cell Res. 21, 1670-1676 (2011).
    • (2011) Cell Res. , vol.21 , pp. 1670-1676
    • Inoue, A.1    Shen, L.2    Dai, Q.3    He, C.4    Zhang, Y.5
  • 67
    • 84859910536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A unique regulatory phase of DNA methylation in the early mammalian embryo
    • Smith, Z. D. et al. A unique regulatory phase of DNA methylation in the early mammalian embryo. Nature 484, 339-344 (2012).
    • (2012) Nature , vol.484 , pp. 339-344
    • Smith, Z.D.1
  • 68
    • 84862551364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PGC7 binds histone H3K9me2 to protect against conversion of 5mC to 5hmC in early embryos
    • Nakamura, T. et al. PGC7 binds histone H3K9me2 to protect against conversion of 5mC to 5hmC in early embryos. Nature 486, 415-419 (2012).
    • (2012) Nature , vol.486 , pp. 415-419
    • Nakamura, T.1
  • 69
    • 84872770694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Germline DNA demethylation dynamics and imprint erasure through 5-hydroxymethylcytosine
    • Hackett, J. A. et al. Germline DNA demethylation dynamics and imprint erasure through 5-hydroxymethylcytosine. Science 339, 448-452 (2013).
    • (2013) Science , vol.339 , pp. 448-452
    • Hackett, J.A.1
  • 70
    • 84871702441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dynamics of genome-wide DNA methylation reprogramming in mouse primordial germ cells
    • Seisenberger, S. et al. The dynamics of genome-wide DNA methylation reprogramming in mouse primordial germ cells. Mol. Cell 48, 849-862 (2012).
    • (2012) Mol. Cell , vol.48 , pp. 849-862
    • Seisenberger, S.1
  • 71
    • 84874655393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine during germ cell reprogramming
    • Yamaguchi, S. et al. Dynamics of 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine during germ cell reprogramming. Cell Res. 23, 329-339 (2013).
    • (2013) Cell Res. , vol.23 , pp. 329-339
    • Yamaguchi, S.1
  • 72
    • 84873570094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Replication-coupled passive DNA demethylation for the erasure of genome imprints in mice
    • Kagiwada, S., Kurimoto, K., Hirota, T., Yamaji, M. & Saitou, M. Replication-coupled passive DNA demethylation for the erasure of genome imprints in mice. EMBO J. 32, 340-353 (2013).
    • (2013) EMBO J. , vol.32 , pp. 340-353
    • Kagiwada, S.1    Kurimoto, K.2    Hirota, T.3    Yamaji, M.4    Saitou, M.5
  • 73
    • 84871438065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tet1 controls meiosis by regulating meiotic gene expression
    • Yamaguchi, S. et al. Tet1 controls meiosis by regulating meiotic gene expression. Nature 492, 443-447 (2012).
    • (2012) Nature , vol.492 , pp. 443-447
    • Yamaguchi, S.1
  • 74
    • 79961139741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tet1 is dispensable for maintaining pluripotency and its loss is compatible with embryonic and postnatal development
    • Dawlaty, M. M. et al. Tet1 is dispensable for maintaining pluripotency and its loss is compatible with embryonic and postnatal development. Cell Stem Cell 9, 166-175 (2011).
    • (2011) Cell Stem Cell , vol.9 , pp. 166-175
    • Dawlaty, M.M.1
  • 75
    • 84875949201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stage-specific roles for Tet1 and Tet2 in DNA demethylation in primordial germ cells
    • Vincent, J. J. et al. Stage-specific roles for Tet1 and Tet2 in DNA demethylation in primordial germ cells. Cell Stem Cell 12, 470-478 (2013).
    • (2013) Cell Stem Cell , vol.12 , pp. 470-478
    • Vincent, J.J.1
  • 76
    • 80052285127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deletion of Tet2 in mice leads to dysregulated hematopoietic stem cells and subsequent development of myeloid malignancies
    • Li, Z. et al. Deletion of Tet2 in mice leads to dysregulated hematopoietic stem cells and subsequent development of myeloid malignancies. Blood 118, 4509-4518 (2011).
    • (2011) Blood , vol.118 , pp. 4509-4518
    • Li, Z.1
  • 77
    • 79960064353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tet2 loss leads to increased hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal and myeloid transformation
    • Moran-Crusio, K. et al. Tet2 loss leads to increased hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal and myeloid transformation. Cancer Cell 20, 11-24 (2011).
    • (2011) Cancer Cell , vol.20 , pp. 11-24
    • Moran-Crusio, K.1
  • 78
    • 79960062301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TET2 inactivation results in pleiotropic hematopoietic abnormalities in mouse and is a recurrent event during human lymphomagenesis
    • Quivoron, C. et al. TET2 inactivation results in pleiotropic hematopoietic abnormalities in mouse and is a recurrent event during human lymphomagenesis. Cancer Cell 20, 25-38 (2011).
    • (2011) Cancer Cell , vol.20 , pp. 25-38
    • Quivoron, C.1
  • 79
    • 84873707539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined deficiency of Tet1 and Tet2 causes epigenetic abnormalities but is compatible with postnatal development
    • Dawlaty, M. M. et al. Combined deficiency of Tet1 and Tet2 causes epigenetic abnormalities but is compatible with postnatal development. Dev. Cell 24, 310-323 (2013).
    • (2013) Dev. Cell , vol.24 , pp. 310-323
    • Dawlaty, M.M.1
  • 80
    • 79551587102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tet1 and Tet2 regulate 5-hydroxymethylcytosine production and cell lineage specification in mouse embryonic stem cells
    • Koh, K. P. et al. Tet1 and Tet2 regulate 5-hydroxymethylcytosine production and cell lineage specification in mouse embryonic stem cells. Cell Stem Cell 8, 200-213 (2011).
    • (2011) Cell Stem Cell , vol.8 , pp. 200-213
    • Koh, K.P.1
  • 81
    • 79956292024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dual functions of Tet1 in transcriptional regulation in mouse embryonic stem cells
    • Wu, H. et al. Dual functions of Tet1 in transcriptional regulation in mouse embryonic stem cells. Nature 473, 389-393 (2011).
    • (2011) Nature , vol.473 , pp. 389-393
    • Wu, H.1
  • 82
    • 84860378636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute depletion of Tet1-dependent 5-hydroxymethylcytosine levels impairs LIF/Stat3 signaling and results in loss of embryonic stem cell identity
    • Freudenberg, J. M. et al. Acute depletion of Tet1-dependent 5-hydroxymethylcytosine levels impairs LIF/Stat3 signaling and results in loss of embryonic stem cell identity. Nucleic Acids Res. 40, 3364-3377 (2012).
    • (2012) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.40 , pp. 3364-3377
    • Freudenberg, J.M.1
  • 83
    • 79956302047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TET1 and hydroxymethylcytosine in transcription and DNA methylation fidelity
    • Williams, K. et al. TET1 and hydroxymethylcytosine in transcription and DNA methylation fidelity. Nature 473, 343-348 (2011).
    • (2011) Nature , vol.473 , pp. 343-348
    • Williams, K.1
  • 84
    • 84869392308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mapping recently identified nucleotide variants in the genome and transcriptome
    • Song, C. X., Yi, C. & He, C. Mapping recently identified nucleotide variants in the genome and transcriptome. Nature Biotechnol. 30, 1107-1116 (2012).
    • (2012) Nature Biotechnol. , vol.30 , pp. 1107-1116
    • Song, C.X.1    Yi, C.2    He, C.3
  • 85
    • 84876946045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome-wide analysis reveals TET-and TDG-dependent 5-methylcytosine oxidation dynamics
    • Shen, L. et al. Genome-wide analysis reveals TET-and TDG-dependent 5-methylcytosine oxidation dynamics. Cell 153, 692-706 (2013).
    • (2013) Cell , vol.153 , pp. 692-706
    • Shen, L.1
  • 86
    • 84876907152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome-wide profiling of 5-formylcytosine reveals its roles in epigenetic priming
    • Song, C. X. et al. Genome-wide profiling of 5-formylcytosine reveals its roles in epigenetic priming. Cell 153, 678-691 (2013).
    • (2013) Cell , vol.153 , pp. 678-691
    • Song, C.X.1
  • 87
    • 84886859638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromatin dynamics during somatic cell reprogramming
    • Apostolou, E. & Hochedlinger, K. Chromatin dynamics during somatic cell reprogramming. Nature 502, 462-471 (2013).
    • (2013) Nature , vol.502 , pp. 462-471
    • Apostolou, E.1    Hochedlinger, K.2
  • 88
    • 84865486793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early-stage epigenetic modification during somatic cell reprogramming by Parp1 and Tet2
    • Doege, C. A. et al. Early-stage epigenetic modification during somatic cell reprogramming by Parp1 and Tet2. Nature 488, 652-655 (2012).
    • (2012) Nature , vol.488 , pp. 652-655
    • Doege, C.A.1
  • 89
    • 84875370281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NANOG-dependent function of TET1 and TET2 in establishment of pluripotency
    • Costa, Y. et al. NANOG-dependent function of TET1 and TET2 in establishment of pluripotency. Nature 495, 370-374 (2013).
    • (2013) Nature , vol.495 , pp. 370-374
    • Costa, Y.1
  • 90
    • 84875923762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Replacement of Oct4 by Tet1 during iPSC induction reveals an important role of DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation in reprogramming
    • Gao, Y. et al. Replacement of Oct4 by Tet1 during iPSC induction reveals an important role of DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation in reprogramming. Cell Stem Cell 12, 453-469 (2013).
    • (2013) Cell Stem Cell , vol.12 , pp. 453-469
    • Gao, Y.1
  • 91
    • 84875783959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Different roles for Tet1 and Tet2 proteins in reprogramming-mediated erasure of imprints induced by EGC fusion
    • Piccolo, F. M. et al. Different roles for Tet1 and Tet2 proteins in reprogramming-mediated erasure of imprints induced by EGC fusion. Mol. Cell 49, 1023-1033 (2013).
    • (2013) Mol. Cell , vol.49 , pp. 1023-1033
    • Piccolo, F.M.1
  • 92
    • 80053144962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A decade of exploring the cancer epigenome-biological and translational implications
    • Baylin, S. B. & Jones, P. A. A decade of exploring the cancer epigenome-biological and translational implications. Nature Rev. Cancer 11, 726-734 (2011).
    • (2011) Nature Rev. Cancer , vol.11 , pp. 726-734
    • Baylin, S.B.1    Jones, P.A.2
  • 93
    • 80052303426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TET family proteins and their role in stem cell differentiation and transformation
    • Cimmino, L., Abdel-Wahab, O., Levine, R. L. & Aifantis, I. TET family proteins and their role in stem cell differentiation and transformation. Cell Stem Cell 9, 193-204 (2011).
    • (2011) Cell Stem Cell , vol.9 , pp. 193-204
    • Cimmino, L.1    Abdel-Wahab, O.2    Levine, R.L.3    Aifantis, I.4
  • 94
    • 66249137734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutation in TET2 in myeloid cancers
    • Delhommeau, F. et al. Mutation in TET2 in myeloid cancers. N. Engl. J. Med. 360, 2289-2301 (2009).
    • (2009) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.360 , pp. 2289-2301
    • Delhommeau, F.1
  • 95
    • 67649876132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acquired mutations in TET2 are common in myelodysplastic syndromes
    • Langemeijer, S. M. et al. Acquired mutations in TET2 are common in myelodysplastic syndromes. Nature Genet. 41, 838-842 (2009).
    • (2009) Nature Genet. , vol.41 , pp. 838-842
    • Langemeijer, S.M.1
  • 97
    • 80052284526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ten-eleven-translocation 2 (TET2) negatively regulates homeostasis and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells in mice
    • Ko, M. et al. Ten-eleven-translocation 2 (TET2) negatively regulates homeostasis and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells in mice. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 108, 14566-14571 (2011).
    • (2011) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.108 , pp. 14566-14571
    • Ko, M.1
  • 98
    • 84873411803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumor development is associated with decrease of TET gene expression and 5-methylcytosine hydroxylation
    • Yang, H. et al. Tumor development is associated with decrease of TET gene expression and 5-methylcytosine hydroxylation. Oncogene 32, 663-669 (2013).
    • (2013) Oncogene , vol.32 , pp. 663-669
    • Yang, H.1
  • 99
    • 78650175023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired hydroxylation of 5-methylcytosine in myeloid cancers with mutant TET2
    • Ko, M. et al. Impaired hydroxylation of 5-methylcytosine in myeloid cancers with mutant TET2. Nature 468, 839-843 (2010).
    • (2010) Nature , vol.468 , pp. 839-843
    • Ko, M.1
  • 100
    • 78650019179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leukemic IDH1 and IDH2 mutations result in a hypermethylation phenotype, disrupt TET2 function, and impair hematopoietic differentiation
    • Figueroa, M. E. et al. Leukemic IDH1 and IDH2 mutations result in a hypermethylation phenotype, disrupt TET2 function, and impair hematopoietic differentiation. Cancer Cell 18, 553-567 (2010).
    • (2010) Cancer Cell , vol.18 , pp. 553-567
    • Figueroa, M.E.1
  • 101
    • 78651463452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate is a competitive inhibitor of α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases
    • Xu, W. et al. Oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate is a competitive inhibitor of α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases. Cancer Cell 19, 17-30 (2011).
    • (2011) Cancer Cell , vol.19 , pp. 17-30
    • Xu, W.1
  • 102
    • 84875496294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate is sufficient to promote leukemogenesis and its effects are reversible
    • Losman, J. A. et al. (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate is sufficient to promote leukemogenesis and its effects are reversible. Science 339, 1621-1625 (2013).
    • (2013) Science , vol.339 , pp. 1621-1625
    • Losman, J.A.1
  • 103
    • 84874771985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamic readers for 5-(hydroxy)methylcytosine and its oxidized derivatives
    • Spruijt, C. G. et al. Dynamic readers for 5-(hydroxy)methylcytosine and its oxidized derivatives. Cell 152, 1146-1159 (2013).
    • (2013) Cell , vol.152 , pp. 1146-1159
    • Spruijt, C.G.1
  • 104
    • 84871563384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MeCP2 binds to 5hmC enriched within active genes and accessible chromatin in the nervous system
    • Mellén, M., Ayata, P., Dewell, S., Kriaucionis, S. & Heintz, N. MeCP2 binds to 5hmC enriched within active genes and accessible chromatin in the nervous system. Cell 151, 1417-1430 (2012).
    • (2012) Cell , vol.151 , pp. 1417-1430
    • Mellén, M.1    Ayata, P.2    Dewell, S.3    Kriaucionis, S.4    Heintz, N.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.