메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages 3-44

The dissonant self: Contributions from dissonance theory to a new agenda for studying political communication

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 84885940827     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (25)

References (258)
  • 3
    • 0034380980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of Internet and traditional news media use in a networked community
    • Althaus, S., & Tewksbury, D. (2000). Patterns of Internet and traditional news media use in a networked community. Political Communication, 17, 21-45.
    • (2000) Political Communication , vol.17 , pp. 21-45
    • Althaus, S.1    Tewksbury, D.2
  • 5
    • 0002678711 scopus 로고
    • Dissonance theory: Progress and problems
    • R. P. Abelson, E. Aronson, W. J. McGuire, T. M. Newcomb, M. J. Rosenberg, & P. H. Tannenbaum (Eds.), Chicago, IL: Rand McNally
    • Aronson, E. (1968). Dissonance theory: Progress and problems. In R. P. Abelson, E. Aronson, W. J. McGuire, T. M. Newcomb, M. J. Rosenberg, & P. H. Tannenbaum (Eds.), Theories of cognitive consistency: A sourcebook (pp. 5-27). Chicago, IL: Rand McNally.
    • (1968) Theories of cognitive consistency: A sourcebook , pp. 5-27
    • Aronson, E.1
  • 6
    • 77956808301 scopus 로고
    • The theory of cognitive dissonance: A current perspective
    • L. Berkowitz (Ed.), (Vol. 4) New York: Academic Press
    • Aronson, E. (1969). The theory of cognitive dissonance: A current perspective. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 4, pp. 1-34). New York: Academic Press.
    • (1969) Advances in experimental social psychology , pp. 1-34
    • Aronson, E.1
  • 7
    • 0001325583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissonance, hypocrisy, and the self-concept
    • E. Harmon-Jones & J. Mills (Eds.), Washington, DC: American Psychological Association
    • Aronson, E. (1999). Dissonance, hypocrisy, and the self-concept. In E. Harmon-Jones & J. Mills (Eds.), Cognitive dissonance: Progress on a pivotal theory in social psychology (pp. 103-126). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
    • (1999) Cognitive dissonance: Progress on a pivotal theory in social psychology , pp. 103-126
    • Aronson, E.1
  • 8
    • 0000406688 scopus 로고
    • The effect of severity of initiation on liking for a group
    • Aronson, E., & Mills, J. (1959). The effect of severity of initiation on liking for a group. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 59, 177-181.
    • (1959) Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology , vol.59 , pp. 177-181
    • Aronson, E.1    Mills, J.2
  • 9
    • 21844524474 scopus 로고
    • From dissonance to dis-identification: Selectivity in the self-affirmation process
    • Aronson, J., Blanton, H., & Cooper, J. (1995). From dissonance to dis-identification: Selectivity in the self-affirmation process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 986-996.
    • (1995) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.68 , pp. 986-996
    • Aronson, J.1    Blanton, H.2    Cooper, J.3
  • 10
    • 0001325583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-affirmation theory: An update and appraisal
    • E. Harmon-Jones & J. Mills (Eds.), Washington, DC: American Psychological Association
    • Aronson, J., Cohen, G., & Nail, P. R. (1999). Self-affirmation theory: An update and appraisal. In E. Harmon-Jones & J. Mills (Eds.), Cognitive dissonance: Progress on a pivotal theory in social psychology (pp. 127-147). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
    • (1999) Cognitive dissonance: Progress on a pivotal theory in social psychology , pp. 127-147
    • Aronson, J.1    Cohen, G.2    Nail, P.R.3
  • 11
    • 0036125462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reducing the effects of stereotype threat on African American college students by shaping theories of intelligence
    • Aronson, J., Fried, C. B., & Good, C. (2002). Reducing the effects of stereotype threat on African American college students by shaping theories of intelligence. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 38, 113-125.
    • (2002) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.38 , pp. 113-125
    • Aronson, J.1    Fried, C.B.2    Good, C.3
  • 12
    • 70350761435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Don't expect too much! Learning from late-night comedy and knowledge item difficulty
    • Baek, Y. M., & Wojcieszak, M. E. (2009). Don't expect too much! Learning from late-night comedy and knowledge item difficulty. Communication Research, 36, 783-809.
    • (2009) Communication Research , vol.36 , pp. 783-809
    • Baek, Y.M.1    Wojcieszak, M.E.2
  • 14
    • 84878124062 scopus 로고
    • Multiple indicators in survey research: The concept "sense of political efficacy."
    • Balch, G. (1974). Multiple indicators in survey research: The concept "sense of political efficacy." Political Methodology, 1, 1-43.
    • (1974) Political Methodology , vol.1 , pp. 1-43
    • Balch, G.1
  • 16
    • 0036521010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex, lies, and war: How soft news brings foreign policy to the inattentive public
    • Baum, M. A. (2002). Sex, lies, and war: How soft news brings foreign policy to the inattentive public. American Political Science Review, 96, 91-109
    • (2002) American Political Science Review , vol.96 , pp. 91-109
    • Baum, M.A.1
  • 18
    • 57049103387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New media and the polarization of American political discourse
    • Baum, M. A., & Groeling, T. (2008). New media and the polarization of American political discourse. Political Communication, 25, 345-365.
    • (2008) Political Communication , vol.25 , pp. 345-365
    • Baum, M.A.1    Groeling, T.2
  • 19
    • 33646180981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Daily Show effect: Candidate evaluations, efficacy, and American youth
    • Baumgartner, J., & Morris, J. S. (2006). The Daily Show effect: Candidate evaluations, efficacy, and American youth. American Politics Research, 34, 341-367.
    • (2006) American Politics Research , vol.34 , pp. 341-367
    • Baumgartner, J.1    Morris, J.S.2
  • 20
  • 22
    • 0038795597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The burglar alarm that just keeps ringing: A response to Zaller
    • Bennett, W. L. (2003b). The burglar alarm that just keeps ringing: A response to Zaller. Political Communication, 20, 131-138.
    • (2003) Political Communication , vol.20 , pp. 131-138
    • Bennett, W.L.1
  • 23
    • 58149194779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new era of minimal effects? The changing foundations of political communication
    • Bennett, W. L., & Iyengar, S. (2008). A new era of minimal effects? The changing foundations of political communication. Journal of Communication, 58, 707-713.
    • (2008) Journal of Communication , vol.58 , pp. 707-713
    • Bennett, W.L.1    Iyengar, S.2
  • 25
    • 0035625274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Information and political engagement in America: The search for effects of information technology at the individual level
    • Bimber, B. (2001). Information and political engagement in America: The search for effects of information technology at the individual level. Political Research Quarterly, 54, 53-67.
    • (2001) Political Research Quarterly , vol.54 , pp. 53-67
    • Bimber, B.1
  • 28
    • 65449117298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The soul of a polarized democracy: Testing theoretical linkages between talk and attitude extremity during the 2004 presidential election
    • Binder, A. R., Dalrymple, K. E., Brossard, D., & Scheufele, D. A. (2009). The soul of a polarized democracy: Testing theoretical linkages between talk and attitude extremity during the 2004 presidential election. Communication Research, 36, 315-340.
    • (2009) Communication Research , vol.36 , pp. 315-340
    • Binder, A.R.1    Dalrymple, K.E.2    Brossard, D.3    Scheufele, D.A.4
  • 30
    • 84961502885 scopus 로고
    • The role of theory in uses and gratifications studies
    • Blumler, J. G. (1979). The role of theory in uses and gratifications studies. Communication Research, 6, 9-36.
    • (1979) Communication Research , vol.6 , pp. 9-36
    • Blumler, J.G.1
  • 32
    • 63649118249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rethinking hard and soft news production: From common ground to divergent paths
    • Boczkowski, P. J. (2009). Rethinking hard and soft news production: From common ground to divergent paths. Journal of Communication, 59, 98-116.
    • (2009) Journal of Communication , vol.59 , pp. 98-116
    • Boczkowski, P.J.1
  • 33
    • 0036109355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Internet and knowledge gaps: A theoretical and empirical investigation
    • Bonfadelli, H. (2002). The Internet and knowledge gaps: A theoretical and empirical investigation. European Journal of Communication, 17, 65-84.
    • (2002) European Journal of Communication , vol.17 , pp. 65-84
    • Bonfadelli, H.1
  • 35
    • 34249751039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The moderating role of attitude strength in selective exposure to information
    • Brannon, L. A., Tagler, M. J., & Eagly, A. H. (2007). The moderating role of attitude strength in selective exposure to information. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 43, 611-617.
    • (2007) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.43 , pp. 611-617
    • Brannon, L.A.1    Tagler, M.J.2    Eagly, A.H.3
  • 36
    • 78149337597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Encountering "difference" in the contemporary public sphere: The contribution of the Internet to the heterogeneity of political discussion networks
    • Brundidge, J. (2010). Encountering "difference" in the contemporary public sphere: The contribution of the Internet to the heterogeneity of political discussion networks. Journal of Communication, 60, 680-700.
    • (2010) Journal of Communication , vol.60 , pp. 680-700
    • Brundidge, J.1
  • 37
    • 0035599032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Media participation: A legitimizing mechanism of mass democracy
    • Bucy, E. P., & Gregson, K. S. (2001). Media participation: A legitimizing mechanism of mass democracy. New Media & Society, 3, 359-382.
    • (2001) New Media & Society , vol.3 , pp. 359-382
    • Bucy, E.P.1    Gregson, K.S.2
  • 40
    • 67650717976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stereotype threat and inflexible perseverance in problem solving
    • Carr, P. B., & Steele, C. M. (2009). Stereotype threat and inflexible perseverance in problem solving. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45, 853-859.
    • (2009) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.45 , pp. 853-859
    • Carr, P.B.1    Steele, C.M.2
  • 45
    • 0002268259 scopus 로고
    • Change in the American electorate
    • A. Campbell & P. E. Converse (Eds.), New York: Russell Sage Foundation
    • Converse, P. (1972). Change in the American electorate. In A. Campbell & P. E. Converse (Eds.), The human meaning of social change (pp. 263-337). New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
    • (1972) The human meaning of social change , pp. 263-337
    • Converse, P.1
  • 46
    • 0002720938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unwanted consequences and the self
    • search of the motivation for dissonance reduction. In E. Harmon-Jones & J. Mills (Eds.), Washington, DC: American Psychological Association
    • Cooper, J. (1999). Unwanted consequences and the self: In search of the motivation for dissonance reduction. In E. Harmon-Jones & J. Mills (Eds.), Cognitive dissonance: Progress on a pivotal theory in social psychology (pp. 149-174). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
    • (1999) Cognitive dissonance: Progress on a pivotal theory in social psychology , pp. 149-174
    • Cooper, J.1
  • 48
    • 77957030473 scopus 로고
    • A new look at dissonance theory
    • L. Berkowitz (Ed.), (Vol. 17) New York: Academic Press
    • Cooper, J., & Fazio, R. H. (1984). A new look at dissonance theory. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 17, pp. 229-266). New York: Academic Press.
    • (1984) Advances in experimental social psychology , pp. 229-266
    • Cooper, J.1    Fazio, R.H.2
  • 49
    • 34247199088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feeling the anguish of others: A theory of vicarious dissonance
    • M. P. Zanna (Ed.), (Vol. 39) San Diego, CA: Academic Press
    • Cooper, J., & Hogg, M. A. (2007). Feeling the anguish of others: A theory of vicarious dissonance. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 39, pp. 359-403). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
    • (2007) Advances in experimental social psychology , pp. 359-403
    • Cooper, J.1    Hogg, M.A.2
  • 50
    • 34748869032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The moderation of ambivalence on attitude- Intention relations as mediated by attitude importance
    • Costarelli, S., & Colloca, P. (2007). The moderation of ambivalence on attitude- Intention relations as mediated by attitude importance. European Journal of Social Psychology, 37, 923-933.
    • (2007) European Journal of Social Psychology , vol.37 , pp. 923-933
    • Costarelli, S.1    Colloca, P.2
  • 51
    • 0036780930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective exposure and dissonance after decisions
    • D'Alessio, D., & Allen, M. (2002). Selective exposure and dissonance after decisions. Psychological Reports, 9, 527-532.
    • (2002) Psychological Reports , vol.9 , pp. 527-532
    • D'Alessio, D.1    Allen, M.2
  • 53
    • 0001976210 scopus 로고
    • The public's knowledge of politics
    • J. D. Kennamer (Eds.), Westport, CT: Praeger
    • Delli Carpini, M. X., & Keeter, S. (1992). The public's knowledge of politics. In J. D. Kennamer (Eds.), Public opinion, the press, and public policy (pp. 19-40). Westport, CT: Praeger.
    • (1992) Public opinion, the press, and public policy , pp. 19-40
    • Delli Carpini, M.X.1    Keeter, S.2
  • 56
    • 0038322327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cynical and engaged: Strategic campaign coverage, public opinion, and mobilization in a referendum
    • De Vreese, C. H., & Semetko, H. A. (2002). Cynical and engaged: Strategic campaign coverage, public opinion, and mobilization in a referendum. Communication Research, 29, 615-41.
    • (2002) Communication Research , vol.29 , pp. 615-641
    • De Vreese, C.H.1    Semetko, H.A.2
  • 58
    • 79955705623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mediating path to a stronger citizenship: Online and offline networks, weak ties, and civic engagement
    • De Zúñiga, H. G., & Valenzuela, S. (2011). The mediating path to a stronger citizenship: Online and offline networks, weak ties, and civic engagement. Communication Research, 38, 397-421.
    • (2011) Communication Research , vol.38 , pp. 397-421
    • De Zúñiga, H.G.1    Valenzuela, S.2
  • 59
    • 79958270825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • All the news you want to hear: The impact of partisan news exposure on political participation
    • Dilliplane, S. (2011). All the news you want to hear: The impact of partisan news exposure on political participation. Public Opinion Quarterly, 75, 287-316.
    • (2011) Public Opinion Quarterly , vol.75 , pp. 287-316
    • Dilliplane, S.1
  • 61
    • 84973794719 scopus 로고
    • Exposure to political content in newspapers: The impact of cognitive dissonance on readers' selectivity
    • Donsbach, W. (1991). Exposure to political content in newspapers: The impact of cognitive dissonance on readers' selectivity. European Journal of Communication, 6, 155-186.
    • (1991) European Journal of Communication , vol.6 , pp. 155-186
    • Donsbach, W.1
  • 62
    • 84916972618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive dissonance theory-Roller coaster career: How communication research adapted the theory of cognitive dissonance
    • T. Hartmann (Ed.), New York, London: Routledge
    • Donsbach, W. (2009). Cognitive dissonance theory-Roller coaster career: How communication research adapted the theory of cognitive dissonance. In T. Hartmann (Ed.), Media choice. A theoretical and empirical overview (pp. 128-149). New York, London: Routledge.
    • (2009) Media choice. A theoretical and empirical overview , pp. 128-149
    • Donsbach, W.1
  • 63
    • 34547359530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Boulevardisierungstrend in deutschen ern- sehnachrichten [Sensationalism in German TV news]
    • Donsbach, W., & Büttner, K. (2005). Boulevardisierungstrend in deutschen ern- sehnachrichten [Sensationalism in German TV news]. Publizistik, 50, 21-38.
    • (2005) Publizistik , vol.50 , pp. 21-38
    • Donsbach, W.1    Büttner, K.2
  • 64
    • 85178083957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (May) Paper presented to the panel "Social Media as News Sources-Empirical Evidence from Four Countries," at the International Communication Association Annual Meeting, Boston, MA
    • Donsbach, W., Rentsch, M., & Walter, C. (2011, May). Everything but the news: How relevant are the social media for exposure to the news? Paper presented to the panel "Social Media as News Sources-Empirical Evidence from Four Countries," at the International Communication Association Annual Meeting, Boston, MA.
    • (2011) Everything but the news: How relevant are the social media for exposure to the news?
    • Donsbach, W.1    Rentsch, M.2    Walter, C.3
  • 65
    • 33745308974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Voter learning in the 2004 presidential election: Did the media matter?
    • Drew, D., & Weaver, D. (2006). Voter learning in the 2004 presidential election: Did the media matter? Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 83, 25-42.
    • (2006) Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly , vol.83 , pp. 25-42
    • Drew, D.1    Weaver, D.2
  • 66
    • 33745311735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of media bias: How editorial slant affects voters
    • Druckman, J. N., & Parkin, M. (2005). The impact of media bias: How editorial slant affects voters. Journal of Politics, 67, 1030-1049.
    • (2005) Journal of Politics , vol.67 , pp. 1030-1049
    • Druckman, J.N.1    Parkin, M.2
  • 67
    • 0034348171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why counterattitudinal messages are as memorable as proattitudinal messages: The importance of active defense against attack
    • Eagly, A. H., Kulesa, P., Brannon, L. A., Shaw, L., & Hutson-Comeaux, S. (2000). Why counterattitudinal messages are as memorable as proattitudinal messages: The importance of active defense against attack. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 1392-1408.
    • (2000) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.26 , pp. 1392-1408
    • Eagly, A.H.1    Kulesa, P.2    Brannon, L.A.3    Shaw, L.4    Hutson-Comeaux, S.5
  • 69
    • 0022745775 scopus 로고
    • Physiological arousal, dissonance, and attitude change: Evidence for a dissonance-arousal link and a "Don't remind me" effect
    • Elkin, R. A., & Leippe, M. R. (1986). Physiological arousal, dissonance, and attitude change: Evidence for a dissonance-arousal link and a "Don't remind me" effect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 55-65.
    • (1986) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.51 , pp. 55-65
    • Elkin, R.A.1    Leippe, M.R.2
  • 70
    • 34548285057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The benefits of Facebook "friends": Social capital and college students use of online social network sites
    • Ellison, N. B., Steinfield, C., & Lampe, C. (2007). The benefits of Facebook "friends": Social capital and college students use of online social network sites. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 12, 1143-1168.
    • (2007) Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication , vol.12 , pp. 1143-1168
    • Ellison, N.B.1    Steinfield, C.2    Lampe, C.3
  • 71
    • 2542585383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of political discussion in producing informed citizens: The roles of information, motivation and elaboration
    • Eveland, W. P. (2004). The effect of political discussion in producing informed citizens: The roles of information, motivation and elaboration. Political Communication, 21, 177-194.
    • (2004) Political Communication , vol.21 , pp. 177-194
    • Eveland, W.P.1
  • 72
    • 68049110377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Political discussion frequency, network size, and "heterogeneity" of discussion as predictors of political knowledge and participation
    • Eveland, W. P., & Hively, M. H. (2009). Political discussion frequency, network size, and "heterogeneity" of discussion as predictors of political knowledge and participation. Journal of Communication, 59, 205-224.
    • (2009) Journal of Communication , vol.59 , pp. 205-224
    • Eveland, W.P.1    Hively, M.H.2
  • 73
    • 0042709232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing causality in the cognitive mediation model
    • Eveland, W. P., Shah, D. V., & Kwak, N. (2003). Assessing causality in the cognitive mediation model. Communication Research, 30, 359-386.
    • (2003) Communication Research , vol.30 , pp. 359-386
    • Eveland, W.P.1    Shah, D.V.2    Kwak, N.3
  • 74
    • 33746513389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is it talking, thinking, or both? A lagged dependent variable model of discussion effects on political knowledge
    • Eveland, W. P., & Thomson, T. (2006). Is it talking, thinking, or both? A lagged dependent variable model of discussion effects on political knowledge. Journal of Communication, 56, 523-542.
    • (2006) Journal of Communication , vol.56 , pp. 523-542
    • Eveland, W.P.1    Thomson, T.2
  • 75
    • 0031510164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prejudice as self-image maintenance: Affirming the self through derogating others
    • Fein, S., & Spencer, S. J. (1997). Prejudice as self-image maintenance: Affirming the self through derogating others. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 31-44.
    • (1997) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.73 , pp. 31-44
    • Fein, S.1    Spencer, S.J.2
  • 77
    • 3042511125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social communication and cognition: A very preliminary and highly tentative draft
    • E. Harmon-Jones & J. Mills (Eds.), Washington, DC: American Psychological Association
    • Festinger, L. (1999). Social communication and cognition: A very preliminary and highly tentative draft. In E. Harmon-Jones & J. Mills (Eds.), Cognitive dissonance: Progress on a pivotal theory in social psychology (pp. 355-379). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
    • (1999) Cognitive dissonance: Progress on a pivotal theory in social psychology , pp. 355-379
    • Festinger, L.1
  • 78
    • 0037887411 scopus 로고
    • Die Theorie der kognitiven Dissonanz [The theory of cognitive dissonance]
    • D. Frey & M. Irle (Eds.), [Theories of social psychology: Vol.1. Cognitive theories]. Bern, Switzerland: Huber
    • Frey, D. (1984). Die Theorie der kognitiven Dissonanz [The theory of cognitive dissonance]. In D. Frey & M. Irle (Eds.), Theorien der Sozialpsychologie: Band 1. Kognitive Theorien (pp. 243-292) [Theories of social psychology: Vol.1. Cognitive theories]. Bern, Switzerland: Huber.
    • (1984) Theorien der Sozialpsychologie: Band 1. Kognitive Theorien , pp. 243-292
    • Frey, D.1
  • 80
    • 0010888997 scopus 로고
    • Der dynamisch-transaktionale Ansatz: Ein neues Paradigma der Medienwirkungen [The dynamic-transactional approach: A new media effects paradigm]
    • Früh, W., & Schönbach, K. (1982). Der dynamisch-transaktionale Ansatz: Ein neues Paradigma der Medienwirkungen [The dynamic-transactional approach: A new media effects paradigm]. Publizistik, 27, 23-40.
    • (1982) Publizistik , vol.27 , pp. 23-40
    • Früh, W.1    Schönbach, K.2
  • 81
    • 73649091814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Der dynamisch-transaktionale Ansatz III: Eine Zwischenbilanz [The dynamic-transactional approach III: An interim balance sheet]
    • Früh, W., & Schönbach, K. (2005). Der dynamisch-transaktionale Ansatz III: Eine Zwischenbilanz [The dynamic-transactional approach III: An interim balance sheet]. Publizistik, 1, 4-20.
    • (2005) Publizistik , vol.1 , pp. 4-20
    • Früh, W.1    Schönbach, K.2
  • 82
    • 2342651603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • If political fragmentation is the problem, is the Internet the solution?
    • D. M. Anderson & M. Cornfield (Eds.), Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield
    • Galston, W. A. (2003). If political fragmentation is the problem, is the Internet the solution? In D. M. Anderson & M. Cornfield (Eds.), The civic web: Online politics and democratic values (pp. 35-44). Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
    • (2003) The civic web: Online politics and democratic values , pp. 35-44
    • Galston, W.A.1
  • 83
    • 0004218798 scopus 로고
    • Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press
    • Gamson, W. A. (1992). Talking politics. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1992) Talking politics
    • Gamson, W.A.1
  • 84
    • 63749117030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Echo chambers online?: Politically motivated selective exposure among Internet news users
    • Garrett, R. K. (2009a). Echo chambers online?: Politically motivated selective exposure among Internet news users. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 14, 265-285.
    • (2009) Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication , vol.14 , pp. 265-285
    • Garrett, R.K.1
  • 85
    • 71849114001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Politically motivated reinforcement seeking: Reframing the selective exposure debate
    • Garrett, R. K. (2009b). Politically motivated reinforcement seeking: Reframing the selective exposure debate. Journal of Communication, 59, 676-699.
    • (2009) Journal of Communication , vol.59 , pp. 676-699
    • Garrett, R.K.1
  • 86
    • 84964302230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gespräche über Medien unter veränderten medialen Bedingungen [Conversations about the media under changing media conditions]
    • Gehrau, V., & Goertz, L. (2010). Gespräche über Medien unter veränderten medialen Bedingungen [Conversations about the media under changing media conditions]. Publizistik, 55, 153-172.
    • (2010) Publizistik , vol.55 , pp. 153-172
    • Gehrau, V.1    Goertz, L.2
  • 87
    • 76549132070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What drives media slant? Evidence from U.S. daily newspapers
    • Gentzkow, M., & Shapiro, J. M. (2010). What drives media slant? Evidence from U.S. daily newspapers. Econometrica, 78, 35-71.
    • (2010) Econometrica , vol.78 , pp. 35-71
    • Gentzkow, M.1    Shapiro, J.M.2
  • 88
    • 0001429943 scopus 로고
    • The effect of severity of initiation on liking for a group: A replication
    • Gerard, H. B., & Mathewson, G. C. (1966). The effect of severity of initiation on liking for a group: A replication. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 2, 278-287.
    • (1966) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.2 , pp. 278-287
    • Gerard, H.B.1    Mathewson, G.C.2
  • 90
    • 84984422482 scopus 로고
    • Preference of dissonance reduction modes as a function of their order, familiarity, and reversibility
    • Götz-Marchand, B., Götz, J., & Irle, M. (1974). Preference of dissonance reduction modes as a function of their order, familiarity, and reversibility. European Journal of Social Psychology, 4, 201-228.
    • (1974) European Journal of Social Psychology , vol.4 , pp. 201-228
    • Götz-Marchand, B.1    Götz, J.2    Irle, M.3
  • 91
    • 0242473007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The media and democracy: Beyond myths and stereotypes
    • Graber, D. A. (2003). The media and democracy: Beyond myths and stereotypes. Annual Review of Political Science, 6, 139-160.
    • (2003) Annual Review of Political Science , vol.6 , pp. 139-160
    • Graber, D.A.1
  • 94
    • 79959677269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social comparison 2.0: Examining the effects of online profiles on social-networking sites
    • Haferkamp, N., & Krämer, N. C. (2011). Social comparison 2.0: Examining the effects of online profiles on social-networking sites. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 14, 309-314.
    • (2011) Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking , vol.14 , pp. 309-314
    • Haferkamp, N.1    Krämer, N.C.2
  • 95
    • 84855575626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Creating a digital self: Impression manage- ment and impression formation on social networking sites
    • (in press). In K. Drotner & K. C. Schröder (Eds.), New York: Peter Lang
    • Haferkamp, N., & Krämer, N. C. (in press). Creating a digital self: Impression manage- ment and impression formation on social networking sites. In K. Drotner & K. C. Schröder (Eds.), Digital content creation: Creativity, competence, critique. New York: Peter Lang.
    • Digital content creation: Creativity, competence, critique
    • Haferkamp, N.1    Krämer, N.C.2
  • 97
    • 0035498092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ambivalence, conflict, and decision making: Attitudes and feelings in Germany toward NATO's military intervention in the Kosovo war
    • Hänze, M. (2001). Ambivalence, conflict, and decision making: Attitudes and feelings in Germany toward NATO's military intervention in the Kosovo war. European Journal of Social Psychology, 31, 693-706.
    • (2001) European Journal of Social Psychology , vol.31 , pp. 693-706
    • Hänze, M.1
  • 98
    • 16344368684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Examining differential gains from Internet use: Comparing the moderating role of talk and online interactions
    • Hardy, B. W., & Scheufele, D. A. (2005). Examining differential gains from Internet use: Comparing the moderating role of talk and online interactions. Journal of Communication, 55, 71-84.
    • (2005) Journal of Communication , vol.55 , pp. 71-84
    • Hardy, B.W.1    Scheufele, D.A.2
  • 99
    • 2342563107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contributions from research on anger and cognitive dissonance to understanding the motivational functions of asymmetrical frontal brain activity
    • Harmon-Jones, E. (2004). Contributions from research on anger and cognitive dissonance to understanding the motivational functions of asymmetrical frontal brain activity. Biological Psychology, 67, 51-76.
    • (2004) Biological Psychology , vol.67 , pp. 51-76
    • Harmon-Jones, E.1
  • 100
    • 0012811252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An introduction to cognitive dissonance theory and an overview of current perspectives on the theory
    • E. Harmon-Jones & J. Mills (Eds.), Washington, DC: American Psychological Association
    • Harmon-Jones, E., & Mills, J. (1999). An introduction to cognitive dissonance theory and an overview of current perspectives on the theory. In E. Harmon-Jones & J. Mills (Eds.), Cognitive dissonance: Progress on a pivotal theory in social psychology (pp. 3-21). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
    • (1999) Cognitive dissonance: Progress on a pivotal theory in social psychology , pp. 3-21
    • Harmon-Jones, E.1    Mills, J.2
  • 101
    • 84946651784 scopus 로고
    • Attitudes and cognitive organization
    • Heider, F. (1946). Attitudes and cognitive organization. Journal of Psychology, 21, 107-112.
    • (1946) Journal of Psychology , vol.21 , pp. 107-112
    • Heider, F.1
  • 103
    • 0035438201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of attitudinal ambivalence in susceptibility to consensus information
    • Hodson, G., Maio, G. R., & Esses, V. M. (2001). The role of attitudinal ambivalence in susceptibility to consensus information. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 23, 197-205.
    • (2001) Basic and Applied Social Psychology , vol.23 , pp. 197-205
    • Hodson, G.1    Maio, G.R.2    Esses, V.M.3
  • 104
    • 3042802912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fragmentierung der Gesellschaft durch das Internet [Social fragmentation through the Internet]
    • W. Gellner & F. von Korff (Eds.), [Democracy and the Internet]. Baden-Baden, Germany: Nomos
    • Holtz-Bacha, C. (1998). Fragmentierung der Gesellschaft durch das Internet [Social fragmentation through the Internet]. In W. Gellner & F. von Korff (Eds.), Demokratie und Internet (pp. 219-226) [Democracy and the Internet]. Baden-Baden, Germany: Nomos.
    • (1998) Demokratie und Internet , pp. 219-226
    • Holtz-Bacha, C.1
  • 105
    • 84937292905 scopus 로고
    • Political environments, cohesive social groups, and the communication of public opinion
    • Huckfeldt, R., Beck, P. A., Dalton, R. J., & Levine, J. (1995). Political environments, cohesive social groups, and the communication of public opinion. American Journal of Political Science, 39, 1025-1054.
    • (1995) American Journal of Political Science , vol.39 , pp. 1025-1054
    • Huckfeldt, R.1    Beck, P.A.2    Dalton, R.J.3    Levine, J.4
  • 106
    • 1342347385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disagreement, ambivalence, and engagement: The political consequences of heterogeneous networks
    • Huckfeldt, R., Mendez, J. M., & Osborn, T. (2004). Disagreement, ambivalence, and engagement: The political consequences of heterogeneous networks. Political Psychology, 25, 65-95.
    • (2004) Political Psychology , vol.25 , pp. 65-95
    • Huckfeldt, R.1    Mendez, J.M.2    Osborn, T.3
  • 107
    • 63649102727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Red media, blue media: Evidence of ideological selectivity in media use
    • Iyengar, S., & Hahn, K. S. (2009). Red media, blue media: Evidence of ideological selectivity in media use. Journal of Communication, 59, 19-39.
    • (2009) Journal of Communication , vol.59 , pp. 19-39
    • Iyengar, S.1    Hahn, K.S.2
  • 108
    • 78651089730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strategic media, cynical public? Examining the contingent effects of strategic news frames on political cynicism in the United Kingdom
    • Jackson, D. (2011). Strategic media, cynical public? Examining the contingent effects of strategic news frames on political cynicism in the United Kingdom. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 16, 75-101.
    • (2011) The International Journal of Press/Politics , vol.16 , pp. 75-101
    • Jackson, D.1
  • 110
    • 0346266485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Internet use and civic engagement: A longitudinal analysis
    • Jennings, M. K., & Zeitner, V. (2003). Internet use and civic engagement: A longitudinal analysis. Public Opinion Quarterly, 67, 311-334.
    • (2003) Public Opinion Quarterly , vol.67 , pp. 311-334
    • Jennings, M.K.1    Zeitner, V.2
  • 111
    • 70450206355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Communication communities or "CyberGhettos?": A path analysis model examining factors that explain selective exposure to blogs
    • Johnson, T. J., Bichard, S. L., & Zhang, W. (2009). Communication communities or "CyberGhettos?": A path analysis model examining factors that explain selective exposure to blogs. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 15, 60-82.
    • (2009) Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication , vol.15 , pp. 60-82
    • Johnson, T.J.1    Bichard, S.L.2    Zhang, W.3
  • 112
    • 0038802476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A boost or bust for democracy? How the web influenced political attitudes and behaviors in the 1996 and 2000 presidential elections
    • Johnson, T. J., & Kaye, B. K. (2003). A boost or bust for democracy? How the web influenced political attitudes and behaviors in the 1996 and 2000 presidential elections. The Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics, 8, 9-34.
    • (2003) The Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics , vol.8 , pp. 9-34
    • Johnson, T.J.1    Kaye, B.K.2
  • 114
    • 33847712634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motivations and self-presentation strategies on Korean-based "Cyworld" weblog format personal homepages
    • Jung, T., Youn, H., & McClung, S. (2007). Motivations and self-presentation strategies on Korean-based "Cyworld" weblog format personal homepages. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 10, 24-31.
    • (2007) Cyberpsychology & Behavior , vol.10 , pp. 24-31
    • Jung, T.1    Youn, H.2    McClung, S.3
  • 115
    • 21144432050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of political information in the 2000 presidential campaign. Comparing traditional television and Internet exposure
    • Kaid, L. L. (2003). Effects of political information in the 2000 presidential campaign. Comparing traditional television and Internet exposure. American Behavioral Scientist, 46, 677-691.
    • (2003) American Behavioral Scientist , vol.46 , pp. 677-691
    • Kaid, L.L.1
  • 116
    • 34247632223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Introduction: Political information efficacy and young voters
    • Kaid, L. L., McKinney, M. S., & Tedesco, J. C. (2007). Introduction: Political information efficacy and young voters. American Behavioral Scientist, 50, 1093-1111.
    • (2007) American Behavioral Scientist , vol.50 , pp. 1093-1111
    • Kaid, L.L.1    McKinney, M.S.2    Tedesco, J.C.3
  • 117
    • 0002735747 scopus 로고
    • On the ambivalence-indifference problem in attitude theory and measurement: A suggested modification of the semantic differential technique
    • Kaplan, K. J. (1972). On the ambivalence-indifference problem in attitude theory and measurement: A suggested modification of the semantic differential technique. Psychological Bulletin, 77, 361-372.
    • (1972) Psychological Bulletin , vol.77 , pp. 361-372
    • Kaplan, K.J.1
  • 118
    • 0021009594 scopus 로고
    • Empowerment and synergy: Expanding the community's healing resources
    • Katz, R. (1984). Empowerment and synergy: Expanding the community's healing resources. Prevention in Human Services, 3, 201-26.
    • (1984) Prevention in Human Services , vol.3 , pp. 201-226
    • Katz, R.1
  • 119
    • 33646386611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Connections between Internet use and political efficacy, knowledge, and participation
    • Kenski, K., & Stroud, N. J. (2006). Connections between Internet use and political efficacy, knowledge, and participation. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 50, 173-192.
    • (2006) Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media , vol.50 , pp. 173-192
    • Kenski, K.1    Stroud, N.J.2
  • 121
    • 0007429381 scopus 로고
    • Negativität als Nachrichtenideologie [Negativity as news ideology]
    • Kepplinger, H. M., & Weißbecker, H. (1991). Negativität als Nachrichtenideologie [Negativity as news ideology]. Publizistik, 36, 330-342.
    • (1991) Publizistik , vol.36 , pp. 330-342
    • Kepplinger, H.M.1    Weißbecker, H.2
  • 122
    • 79551500567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The contribution of social network sites to exposure to political difference: The relationships among SNSs, online political messaging, and exposure to cross-cutting perspectives
    • Kim, Y. (2011). The contribution of social network sites to exposure to political difference: The relationships among SNSs, online political messaging, and exposure to cross-cutting perspectives. Computers in Human Behavior, 27, 971-977.
    • (2011) Computers in Human Behavior , vol.27 , pp. 971-977
    • Kim, Y.1
  • 125
    • 65449147552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Looking the other way: Selective exposure to attitude-consistent and counterattitudinal political information
    • Knobloch-Westerwick, S., & Meng, J. (2009). Looking the other way: Selective exposure to attitude-consistent and counterattitudinal political information. Communication Research, 36, 426-448.
    • (2009) Communication Research , vol.36 , pp. 426-448
    • Knobloch-Westerwick, S.1    Meng, J.2
  • 126
    • 79953327003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reinforcement of the political self through selective exposure to political messages
    • Knobloch-Westerwick, S., & Meng, J. (2011). Reinforcement of the political self through selective exposure to political messages. Journal of Communication, 61, 349-368.
    • (2011) Journal of Communication , vol.61 , pp. 349-368
    • Knobloch-Westerwick, S.1    Meng, J.2
  • 127
    • 85178003445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [The young generation as a vanguard of social change]. Retrieved from
    • Köcher, R. (2008). Die junge Generation als Vorhut gesellschaftlicher Veränderungen [The young generation as a vanguard of social change]. Retrieved from http://www.awa-online.de/praesentationen/awa08_Junge_Generation.pdf
    • (2008) Die junge Generation als Vorhut gesellschaftlicher Veränderungen
    • Köcher, R.1
  • 130
    • 0002343511 scopus 로고
    • Attitude strength: An overview
    • R. E. Petty & J. A. Krosnick (Eds.), Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Krosnick, J. A., & Petty, R. E. (1995). Attitude strength: An overview. In R. E. Petty & J. A. Krosnick (Eds.), Attitude strength: Antecedents and consequences (pp. 1-24). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (1995) Attitude strength: Antecedents and consequences , pp. 1-24
    • Krosnick, J.A.1    Petty, R.E.2
  • 131
    • 0036353821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the potential of Internet political participation in the United States: A resource approach
    • Krueger, B. S. (2002). Assessing the potential of Internet political participation in the United States: A resource approach. American Politics Research, 30, 476-498.
    • (2002) American Politics Research , vol.30 , pp. 476-498
    • Krueger, B.S.1
  • 132
    • 36148985820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of beliefs and goals on attitudes: Issues of structure, function, and dynamics
    • D. Albarracín, B. T. Johnson, & M. P. Zanna (Eds.), Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Kruglanski, A. W., & Stroebe, W. (2005). The influence of beliefs and goals on attitudes: Issues of structure, function, and dynamics. In D. Albarracín, B. T. Johnson, & M. P. Zanna (Eds.), The handbook of attitudes (pp. 323-368). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (2005) The handbook of attitudes , pp. 323-368
    • Kruglanski, A.W.1    Stroebe, W.2
  • 133
  • 134
    • 12944252858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Talking politics and engaging politics: An examination of the interactive relationship between structural features of political talk and discussion engagement
    • Kwak, N., Williams, A. E., Wang, X., & Lee, H. (2005). Talking politics and engaging politics: An examination of the interactive relationship between structural features of political talk and discussion engagement. Communication Research, 32, 87-111.
    • (2005) Communication Research , vol.32 , pp. 87-111
    • Kwak, N.1    Williams, A.E.2    Wang, X.3    Lee, H.4
  • 135
    • 0035538567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The electoral consequences of ambivalence toward presidential candidates
    • Lavine, H. (2001). The electoral consequences of ambivalence toward presidential candidates. American Journal of Political Science, 45, 915-929.
    • (2001) American Journal of Political Science , vol.45 , pp. 915-929
    • Lavine, H.1
  • 136
    • 0034144928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the relationship between attitude involvement and attitude accessibility: Toward a cognitive-motivational model of political information processing
    • Lavine, H., Borgida, E., & Sullivan, J. L. (2000). On the relationship between attitude involvement and attitude accessibility: Toward a cognitive-motivational model of political information processing. Political Psychology, 21, 81-106.
    • (2000) Political Psychology , vol.21 , pp. 81-106
    • Lavine, H.1    Borgida, E.2    Sullivan, J.L.3
  • 138
    • 77951052303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hard news, soft news, and "general" news: The necessity and utility of an intermediate classification
    • Lehman-Wilzig, S. N., & Seletzky, M. (2010). Hard news, soft news, and "general" news: The necessity and utility of an intermediate classification. Journalism, 11, 37-56.
    • (2010) Journalism , vol.11 , pp. 37-56
    • Lehman-Wilzig, S.N.1    Seletzky, M.2
  • 139
    • 84970744545 scopus 로고
    • Social interaction and contextual influences on political participation
    • Leighley, J. E. (1990). Social interaction and contextual influences on political participation. American Politics Quarterly, 18, 459-475.
    • (1990) American Politics Quarterly , vol.18 , pp. 459-475
    • Leighley, J.E.1
  • 141
    • 73549095203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • User-generated content on the internet: An examination of gratifications, civic engagement and psychological empowerment
    • Leung, L. (2009). User-generated content on the internet: An examination of gratifications, civic engagement and psychological empowerment. New Media & Society, 11, 1327-1347.
    • (2009) New Media & Society , vol.11 , pp. 1327-1347
    • Leung, L.1
  • 144
    • 0032221587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The catastrophic link between the importance and extremity of political attitudes
    • Liu, J. H., & Latané, B. (1998). The catastrophic link between the importance and extremity of political attitudes. Political Behavior, 20, 105-126.
    • (1998) Political Behavior , vol.20 , pp. 105-126
    • Liu, J.H.1    Latané, B.2
  • 145
    • 0001371817 scopus 로고
    • Biased assimilation and attitude polarization: The effects of prior theories on subsequently considered evidence
    • Lord, C. G., Ross, L., & Lepper, M. R. (1979). Biased assimilation and attitude polarization: The effects of prior theories on subsequently considered evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 2098-2109.
    • (1979) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.37 , pp. 2098-2109
    • Lord, C.G.1    Ross, L.2    Lepper, M.R.3
  • 146
    • 38249016883 scopus 로고
    • Cognitive dissonance may enhance sympathetic tonus, but attitudes are changed to reduce negative affect rather than arousal
    • Losch, M. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1990). Cognitive dissonance may enhance sympathetic tonus, but attitudes are changed to reduce negative affect rather than arousal. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 26, 289-304.
    • (1990) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.26 , pp. 289-304
    • Losch, M.E.1    Cacioppo, J.T.2
  • 147
    • 33745291422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Views from inside the net: How websites affect young adults' political interest
    • Lupia, A., & Philpot, T. S. (2005). Views from inside the net: How websites affect young adults' political interest. The Journal of Politics, 67, 1122-1142.
    • (2005) The Journal of Politics , vol.67 , pp. 1122-1142
    • Lupia, A.1    Philpot, T.S.2
  • 148
    • 78651453111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Newspapers offer more news than do major online sites
    • Maier, S. (2010). Newspapers offer more news than do major online sites. Newspaper Research Journal, 31, 6-19.
    • (2010) Newspaper Research Journal , vol.31 , pp. 6-19
    • Maier, S.1
  • 149
    • 0034349204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Examining conflict between components of attitudes: Ambivalence and inconsistency are distinct constructs
    • Maio, G. R., Esses, V. M., & Bell, D. W. (2000). Examining conflict between components of attitudes: Ambivalence and inconsistency are distinct constructs. Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science, 32(2), 71-83.
    • (2000) Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science , vol.32 , Issue.2 , pp. 71-83
    • Maio, G.R.1    Esses, V.M.2    Bell, D.W.3
  • 152
    • 0002793972 scopus 로고
    • The duty to keep informed: News exposure and civic obligation
    • McCombs, M. E., & Poindexter, P. M. (1983). The duty to keep informed: News exposure and civic obligation. Journal of Communication, 33, 88-96.
    • (1983) Journal of Communication , vol.33 , pp. 88-96
    • McCombs, M.E.1    Poindexter, P.M.2
  • 153
    • 0142243771 scopus 로고
    • The expanding boundaries of political communication effects
    • J. Bryant & D. Zillmann (Eds.), Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum
    • McLeod, J. M., Kosicki, G. M., & McLeod, D. M. (1994). The expanding boundaries of political communication effects. In J. Bryant & D. Zillmann (Eds.), Media effects: Advances in theory and research (pp. 123-162). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (1994) Media effects: Advances in theory and research , pp. 123-162
    • McLeod, J.M.1    Kosicki, G.M.2    McLeod, D.M.3
  • 154
    • 0033241749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Community, communication, and participation: The role of mass media and interpersonal discussion in local political participation
    • McLeod, J. M., Scheufele, D. A., & Moy, P. (1999). Community, communication, and participation: The role of mass media and interpersonal discussion in local political participation. Political Communication, 16, 315-36.
    • (1999) Political Communication , vol.16 , pp. 315-336
    • McLeod, J.M.1    Scheufele, D.A.2    Moy, P.3
  • 155
    • 33644839657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of negativity and motivated information processing during a political campaign
    • Meffert, M. F., Chung, S., Joiner, A. J., Waks, L., & Garst, J. (2006). The effects of negativity and motivated information processing during a political campaign. Journal of Communication, 56, 27-51.
    • (2006) Journal of Communication , vol.56 , pp. 27-51
    • Meffert, M.F.1    Chung, S.2    Joiner, A.J.3    Waks, L.4    Garst, J.5
  • 156
    • 79952764500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The fight for "how to think": Traditional media, social networks, and issue interpretation
    • Meraz, S. (2011). The fight for "how to think": Traditional media, social networks, and issue interpretation. Journalism, 12, 107-127.
    • (2011) Journalism , vol.12 , pp. 107-127
    • Meraz, S.1
  • 157
    • 0004001508 scopus 로고
    • Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs-Merrill. (Original work published 1859)
    • Mill, J. S. (1956). On liberty. Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs-Merrill. (Original work published 1859)
    • (1956) On liberty
    • Mill, J.S.1
  • 158
    • 21144462361 scopus 로고
    • The attitude polarization phenomenon: Role of response measure, attitude extremity, and behavioral consequences of reported attitude change
    • Miller, A. G., McHoskey, J. W., Bane, C. M., & Dowd, T. G. (1993). The attitude polarization phenomenon: Role of response measure, attitude extremity, and behavioral consequences of reported attitude change. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 561-574.
    • (1993) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.64 , pp. 561-574
    • Miller, A.G.1    McHoskey, J.W.2    Bane, C.M.3    Dowd, T.G.4
  • 159
    • 78349272840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Online news consumption research: An assessment of past work and an agenda for the future
    • Mitchelstein, E., & Boczkowski, P. J. (2010). Online news consumption research: An assessment of past work and an agenda for the future. New Media & Society, 12, 1085-1102.
    • (2010) New Media & Society , vol.12 , pp. 1085-1102
    • Mitchelstein, E.1    Boczkowski, P.J.2
  • 160
    • 33751089580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting deliberative communication: The impact of discussion networks, media use, and political cognitions
    • Moy, P., & Gastil, J. (2006). Predicting deliberative communication: The impact of discussion networks, media use, and political cognitions. Political Communication, 23, 443-460.
    • (2006) Political Communication , vol.23 , pp. 443-460
    • Moy, P.1    Gastil, J.2
  • 162
    • 0036012223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-cutting social networks: Testing democratic theory in practice
    • Mutz, D. C. (2002a). Cross-cutting social networks: Testing democratic theory in practice. American Political Science Review, 96, 111-126.
    • (2002) American Political Science Review , vol.96 , pp. 111-126
    • Mutz, D.C.1
  • 163
    • 0036791423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The consequences of cross-cutting networks for political participation
    • Mutz, D. C. (2002b). The consequences of cross-cutting networks for political participation. American Journal of Political Science, 46, 838-855.
    • (2002) American Journal of Political Science , vol.46 , pp. 838-855
    • Mutz, D.C.1
  • 165
    • 0035532339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Facilitating communication across lines of political difference: The role of mass media
    • Mutz, D. C., & Martin, P. S. (2001). Facilitating communication across lines of political difference: The role of mass media. American Political Science Review, 95, 97-114.
    • (2001) American Political Science Review , vol.95 , pp. 97-114
    • Mutz, D.C.1    Martin, P.S.2
  • 166
    • 33645145667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The workplace as a context for cross-cutting political discourse
    • Mutz, D. C., & Mondak, J. J. (2006). The workplace as a context for cross-cutting political discourse. Journal of Politics, 68, 140-55.
    • (2006) Journal of Politics , vol.68 , pp. 140-155
    • Mutz, D.C.1    Mondak, J.J.2
  • 167
    • 17044417726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The new videomalaise: Effects of televised incivility on political trust
    • Mutz, D. C., & Reeves, B. (2005). The new videomalaise: Effects of televised incivility on political trust. American Political Science Review, 99, 1-15.
    • (2005) American Political Science Review , vol.99 , pp. 1-15
    • Mutz, D.C.1    Reeves, B.2
  • 169
    • 0036479773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thinking and caring about cognitive inconsistency: When and for whom does attitudinal ambivalence feel uncomfortable?
    • Newby-Clark, I. R., McGregor, I., & Zanna, M. P. (2002). Thinking and caring about cognitive inconsistency: When and for whom does attitudinal ambivalence feel uncomfortable? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 157-166.
    • (2002) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.82 , pp. 157-166
    • Newby-Clark, I.R.1    McGregor, I.2    Zanna, M.P.3
  • 170
    • 0000121794 scopus 로고
    • An approach to the study of communicative acts
    • Newcomb, T. M. (1953). An approach to the study of communicative acts. Psychological Review, 60, 393-404.
    • (1953) Psychological Review , vol.60 , pp. 393-404
    • Newcomb, T.M.1
  • 171
    • 84935659273 scopus 로고
    • Measuring internal political efficacy in the 1998 National Election Study
    • Niemi, R. G., Craig, S. C., & Mattei, F. (1991). Measuring internal political efficacy in the 1998 National Election Study. The American Political Science Review, 85, 1407-1413.
    • (1991) The American Political Science Review , vol.85 , pp. 1407-1413
    • Niemi, R.G.1    Craig, S.C.2    Mattei, F.3
  • 172
    • 29144442105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ambivalent social networks and their consequences for participation
    • Nir, L. (2005). Ambivalent social networks and their consequences for participation. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 17, 422-442.
    • (2005) International Journal of Public Opinion Research , vol.17 , pp. 422-442
    • Nir, L.1
  • 176
    • 27644512459 scopus 로고
    • The principle of congruity in the prediction of attitude change
    • Osgood, E. E., & Tannenbaum, P. H. (1955). The principle of congruity in the prediction of attitude change. Psychological Review, 62, 42-55.
    • (1955) Psychological Review , vol.62 , pp. 42-55
    • Osgood, E.E.1    Tannenbaum, P.H.2
  • 177
    • 75349113511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The media, the medium, and malaise: Assessing the effects of campaign media exposure with panel data
    • Overby, L. M., & Barth, J. (2009). The media, the medium, and malaise: Assessing the effects of campaign media exposure with panel data. Mass Communication and Society, 12, 271-290.
    • (2009) Mass Communication and Society , vol.12 , pp. 271-290
    • Overby, L.M.1    Barth, J.2
  • 179
    • 0036770563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The presentation of self in virtual life: Characteristics of personal home pages
    • Papacharissi, Z. (2002a). The presentation of self in virtual life: Characteristics of personal home pages. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 79, 643-660.
    • (2002) Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly , vol.79 , pp. 643-660
    • Papacharissi, Z.1
  • 180
    • 0036112017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The virtual sphere: The Internet as a public sphere
    • Papacharissi, Z. (2002b). The virtual sphere: The Internet as a public sphere. New Media & Society, 4, 9-27.
    • (2002) New Media & Society , vol.4 , pp. 9-27
    • Papacharissi, Z.1
  • 181
    • 77952011557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social networks and the affective impact of political disagreement
    • Parsons, B. M. (2010). Social networks and the affective impact of political disagreement. Political Behavior, 32, 181-204.
    • (2010) Political Behavior , vol.32 , pp. 181-204
    • Parsons, B.M.1
  • 182
    • 0039297939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social networks and individual perceptions: Explaining differential participation in social movements
    • Passy, F., & Giugni, M. (2001). Social networks and individual perceptions: Explaining differential participation in social movements. Sociological Forum, 16, 123-153.
    • (2001) Sociological Forum , vol.16 , pp. 123-153
    • Passy, F.1    Giugni, M.2
  • 184
    • 0038118695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The search for a standard: Markets and media
    • Patterson, T. E. (2003). The search for a standard: Markets and media. Political Communication, 20, 139-143.
    • (2003) Political Communication , vol.20 , pp. 139-143
    • Patterson, T.E.1
  • 186
  • 187
  • 188
    • 84937387842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Online deliberation and its influence: The electronic dialogue project in campaign 2000
    • Price, V., & Cappella, J. N. (2002). Online deliberation and its influence: The electronic dialogue project in campaign 2000. IT & Society, 1, 303-329.
    • (2002) IT & Society , vol.1 , pp. 303-329
    • Price, V.1    Cappella, J.N.2
  • 189
    • 0036115506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does disagreement contribute to more deliberative opinion?
    • Price, V., Cappella, J. N., & Nir, L. (2002). Does disagreement contribute to more deliberative opinion? Political Communication, 19, 97-114.
    • (2002) Political Communication , vol.19 , pp. 97-114
    • Price, V.1    Cappella, J.N.2    Nir, L.3
  • 190
    • 0030240345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The gradual threshold model of ambivalence: Relating positive and negative bases of attitudes to subjective ambivalence
    • Priester, J. R., & Petty, R. E. (1996). The gradual threshold model of ambivalence: Relating positive and negative bases of attitudes to subjective ambivalence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 431-449.
    • (1996) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.71 , pp. 431-449
    • Priester, J.R.1    Petty, R.E.2
  • 191
    • 27844481529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • News vs. entertainment: How increasing media choice widens gaps in political knowledge and turnout
    • Prior, M. (2005). News vs. entertainment: How increasing media choice widens gaps in political knowledge and turnout. American Journal of Political Science, 49, 577-592.
    • (2005) American Journal of Political Science , vol.49 , pp. 577-592
    • Prior, M.1
  • 194
    • 53349120216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of Internet use on political participation: An analysis of survey results for 16-year-olds in Belgium
    • Quintelier, E., & Vissers, S. (2008). The effect of Internet use on political participation: An analysis of survey results for 16-year-olds in Belgium. Social Science Computer Review, 26, 411-427.
    • (2008) Social Science Computer Review , vol.26 , pp. 411-427
    • Quintelier, E.1    Vissers, S.2
  • 195
    • 84962993907 scopus 로고
    • Interpersonal communication and news comprehension
    • Robinson, J. P., & Levy, M. R. (1986). Interpersonal communication and news comprehension. Public Opinion Quarterly, 50, 160-175.
    • (1986) Public Opinion Quarterly , vol.50 , pp. 160-175
    • Robinson, J.P.1    Levy, M.R.2
  • 196
    • 84976985073 scopus 로고
    • Audience activity and television news gratifications
    • Rubin, A. M., & Perse, E. M. (1987). Audience activity and television news gratifications. Communication Research, 14, 58-84.
    • (1987) Communication Research , vol.14 , pp. 58-84
    • Rubin, A.M.1    Perse, E.M.2
  • 197
    • 75949088429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of network expertise and biases on vote choice
    • Ryan, J. B. (2010). The effects of network expertise and biases on vote choice. Political Communication, 27, 44-58.
    • (2010) Political Communication , vol.27 , pp. 44-58
    • Ryan, J.B.1
  • 198
    • 0024674603 scopus 로고
    • Motivational basis of dissonance: The singular role of behavioral consequences
    • Scher, S. J., & Cooper, J. (1989). Motivational basis of dissonance: The singular role of behavioral consequences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 899-906.
    • (1989) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.56 , pp. 899-906
    • Scher, S.J.1    Cooper, J.2
  • 199
    • 0038105922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Examining differential gains from mass media and their implications for participatory behavior
    • Scheufele, D. A. (2002). Examining differential gains from mass media and their implications for participatory behavior. Communication Research, 29, 46-65.
    • (2002) Communication Research , vol.29 , pp. 46-65
    • Scheufele, D.A.1
  • 200
    • 33750871774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Democracy based on difference: Examining the links between structural heterogeneity, heterogeneity of discussion networks, and democratic citizenship
    • Scheufele, D. A., Hardy, B. W., Brossard, D., Waismel-Manor, I. S., & Nisbet, E. (2006). Democracy based on difference: Examining the links between structural heterogeneity, heterogeneity of discussion networks, and democratic citizenship. Journal of Communication, 56, 728-573.
    • (2006) Journal of Communication , vol.56 , pp. 728-573
    • Scheufele, D.A.1    Hardy, B.W.2    Brossard, D.3    Waismel-Manor, I.S.4    Nisbet, E.5
  • 202
    • 4444329295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social structure and citizenship: Examining the impacts of social setting, network heterogeneity, and informational variables on political participation
    • Scheufele, D. A., Nisbet, M. C., Brossard, D., & Nisbet, E. C. (2004). Social structure and citizenship: Examining the impacts of social setting, network heterogeneity, and informational variables on political participation. Political Communication, 21, 315-338.
    • (2004) Political Communication , vol.21 , pp. 315-338
    • Scheufele, D.A.1    Nisbet, M.C.2    Brossard, D.3    Nisbet, E.C.4
  • 203
    • 77954661178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social networks and mass media as mobi- lizers and demobilizers: A study of turnout at a German local election
    • Schmitt-Beck, R., & Mackenrodt, C. (2010). Social networks and mass media as mobi- lizers and demobilizers: A study of turnout at a German local election. Electoral Studies, 29, 392-404.
    • (2010) Electoral Studies , vol.29 , pp. 392-404
    • Schmitt-Beck, R.1    Mackenrodt, C.2
  • 204
    • 0010942660 scopus 로고
    • Der dynamisch-transaktionale Ansatz II: Konsequenzen [The dynamic-transactional approach II: Consequences]
    • Schönbach, K., & Früh, W. (1984). Der dynamisch-transaktionale Ansatz II: Konsequenzen [The dynamic-transactional approach II: Consequences]. Rundfunk und Fernsehen, 32, 314-329.
    • (1984) Rundfunk und Fernsehen , vol.32 , pp. 314-329
    • Schönbach, K.1    Früh, W.2
  • 205
    • 43249167728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The changing election coverage of German television. A content analysis: 1990-2002
    • Schulz, W., & Zeh, R. (2005). The changing election coverage of German television. A content analysis: 1990-2002. Communications, 30, 385-407.
    • (2005) Communications , vol.30 , pp. 385-407
    • Schulz, W.1    Zeh, R.2
  • 206
    • 18744431297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of attentiveness on political efficacy: Evidence from a three-year German panel study
    • Semetko, H. A., & Valkenburg, P. M. (1998). The impact of attentiveness on political efficacy: Evidence from a three-year German panel study. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 10, 195-210.
    • (1998) International Journal of Public Opinion Research , vol.10 , pp. 195-210
    • Semetko, H.A.1    Valkenburg, P.M.2
  • 207
    • 26444433218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Information and expression in a digital age: Modelling Internet effects on civic participation
    • Shah, D. V., Cho, J., Eveland, W. P., & Kwak, N. (2005). Information and expression in a digital age: Modelling Internet effects on civic participation. Communication Research, 32, 531-565.
    • (2005) Communication Research , vol.32 , pp. 531-565
    • Shah, D.V.1    Cho, J.2    Eveland, W.P.3    Kwak, N.4
  • 208
    • 0035593391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Connecting" and "disconnecting" with civic life: Patterns of Internet use and the production of social capital
    • Shah, D. V., Kwak, N., & Holbert, R. L. (2001). "Connecting" and "disconnecting" with civic life: Patterns of Internet use and the production of social capital. Political Communication, 18, 141-162.
    • (2001) Political Communication , vol.18 , pp. 141-162
    • Shah, D.V.1    Kwak, N.2    Holbert, R.L.3
  • 209
    • 0007086616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship of television viewing with attitude strength and extremity: Implications for the cultivation effect
    • Shrum, L. J. (1999). The relationship of television viewing with attitude strength and extremity: Implications for the cultivation effect. Media Psychology, 1, 3-25.
    • (1999) Media Psychology , vol.1 , pp. 3-25
    • Shrum, L.J.1
  • 210
    • 63749114661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bowling online, not alone: Online social capital and political participation in Singapore
    • Skoric, M. M., Ying, D., & Ng, Y. (2009). Bowling online, not alone: Online social capital and political participation in Singapore. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 14, 414-433.
    • (2009) Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication , vol.14 , pp. 414-433
    • Skoric, M.M.1    Ying, D.2    Ng, Y.3
  • 211
    • 34547410279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reinforcing spirals: The mutual influence of media selectivity and media effects and their impact on individual behavior and social identity
    • Slater, M. D. (2007). Reinforcing spirals: The mutual influence of media selectivity and media effects and their impact on individual behavior and social identity. Communication Theory, 17, 281-303.
    • (2007) Communication Theory , vol.17 , pp. 281-303
    • Slater, M.D.1
  • 212
    • 72749086212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smith, A. (2009). The Internet's role in campaign 2008. Retrieved from http://www. pewinternet.org/~/media//Files/Reports/2009/The_Internets_Role_in_Cam- paign_2008.pdf
    • (2009) The Internet's role in campaign 2008
    • Smith, A.1
  • 213
    • 41149174237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of amount, cognitive elaboration, and structural consistency of attitude-relevant knowledge in the formation of attitude certainty
    • Smith, S. M., Fabrigar, L. R., MacDougall, B. L., & Wiesenthal, N. L. (2008). The role of amount, cognitive elaboration, and structural consistency of attitude-relevant knowledge in the formation of attitude certainty. European Journal of Social Psychology, 38, 280-295.
    • (2008) European Journal of Social Psychology , vol.38 , pp. 280-295
    • Smith, S.M.1    Fabrigar, L.R.2    MacDougall, B.L.3    Wiesenthal, N.L.4
  • 214
    • 0037782693 scopus 로고
    • The psychology of self-affirmation: Sustaining the integrity of the self
    • R. F. Baumeister (Ed.), Philadelphia, PA: Psychology Press
    • Steele, C. M. (1988). The psychology of self-affirmation: Sustaining the integrity of the self. In R. F. Baumeister (Ed.), The self in social psychology: Key readings in social psychology (pp. 372-390). Philadelphia, PA: Psychology Press.
    • (1988) The self in social psychology: Key readings in social psychology , pp. 372-390
    • Steele, C.M.1
  • 215
    • 0031155092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A threat in the air: How stereotypes shape intellectual identity and performance
    • Steele, C. M. (1997). A threat in the air: How stereotypes shape intellectual identity and performance. American Psychologist, 52, 613-629.
    • (1997) American Psychologist , vol.52 , pp. 613-629
    • Steele, C.M.1
  • 216
    • 0029411777 scopus 로고
    • Stereotype threat and the intellectual test performance of African Americans
    • Steele, C. M., & Aronson, J. (1995). Stereotype threat and the intellectual test performance of African Americans. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 797-811.
    • (1995) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.69 , pp. 797-811
    • Steele, C.M.1    Aronson, J.2
  • 217
    • 0000180304 scopus 로고
    • Making the dissonant act unreflective of self: Dissonance avoidance and the expectancy of a value-affirming response
    • Steele, C. M., & Liu, T. J. (1981). Making the dissonant act unreflective of self: Dissonance avoidance and the expectancy of a value-affirming response. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 7, 393-397.
    • (1981) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.7 , pp. 393-397
    • Steele, C.M.1    Liu, T.J.2
  • 218
    • 0039649268 scopus 로고
    • Attitude and social cognition. Dissonance processes as self-affirmation
    • Steele, C.M., & Liu, T. J. (1983). Attitude and social cognition. Dissonance processes as self-affirmation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 5-19.
    • (1983) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.45 , pp. 5-19
    • Steele, C.M.1    Liu, T.J.2
  • 222
    • 0141798536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of self-attribute relevance on how self-esteem moderates attitude change in dissonance processes
    • Stone, J., & Cooper, J. (2003). The effect of self-attribute relevance on how self-esteem moderates attitude change in dissonance processes. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 39, 508-515.
    • (2003) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.39 , pp. 508-515
    • Stone, J.1    Cooper, J.2
  • 223
    • 77955039994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Media malaise or a virtuous circle? Exploring the causal relationships between news media exposure, political news attention and political interest
    • Strömbäck, J., & Shehata, A. (2010). Media malaise or a virtuous circle? Exploring the causal relationships between news media exposure, political news attention and political interest. European Journal of Political Research, 49, 575-597.
    • (2010) European Journal of Political Research , vol.49 , pp. 575-597
    • Strömbäck, J.1    Shehata, A.2
  • 224
    • 49249109967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Media effects, selective exposure, and Fahrenheit 9/11
    • Stroud, N. J. (2007). Media effects, selective exposure, and Fahrenheit 9/11. Political Communication, 24, 415-432.
    • (2007) Political Communication , vol.24 , pp. 415-432
    • Stroud, N.J.1
  • 225
    • 49249105421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Media use and political predispositions: Revisiting the concept of selective exposure
    • Stroud, N. J. (2008). Media use and political predispositions: Revisiting the concept of selective exposure. Political Behavior, 30, 341-366.
    • (2008) Political Behavior , vol.30 , pp. 341-366
    • Stroud, N.J.1
  • 226
    • 77955730862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polarization and partisan selective exposure
    • Stroud, N. J. (2010). Polarization and partisan selective exposure. Journal of Communication, 60, 556-576.
    • (2010) Journal of Communication , vol.60 , pp. 556-576
    • Stroud, N.J.1
  • 228
    • 79951836632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of debate viewing context on political cynicism and strategic interpretations
    • Stroud, N. J., Stevens, M., & Pye, D. (2011). The influence of debate viewing context on political cynicism and strategic interpretations. American Behavioral Scientist, 55, 270-283.
    • (2011) American Behavioral Scientist , vol.55 , pp. 270-283
    • Stroud, N.J.1    Stevens, M.2    Pye, D.3
  • 229
    • 0004282642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press
    • Sunstein, C. R. (2001). Republic.com. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
    • (2001) Republic.com
    • Sunstein, C.R.1
  • 231
    • 33744718189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motivated skepticism in the evaluation of political beliefs
    • Taber, C. S., & Lodge, M. (2006). Motivated skepticism in the evaluation of political beliefs. American Journal of Political Science, 50, 755-769.
    • (2006) American Journal of Political Science , vol.50 , pp. 755-769
    • Taber, C.S.1    Lodge, M.2
  • 233
    • 34247625160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Web interactivity and young adult political efficacy
    • A. P. Williams & T. C. Tedesco (Eds.), Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield
    • Tedesco, J. C. (2004). Web interactivity and young adult political efficacy. In A. P. Williams & T. C. Tedesco (Eds.), The Internet election: Perspectives on the web in campaign 2004 (pp. 187-202). Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
    • (2004) The Internet election: Perspectives on the web in campaign 2004 , pp. 187-202
    • Tedesco, J.C.1
  • 235
    • 33745035649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The seeds of audience fragmentation: Specialization in the use of online news sites
    • Tewksbury, D. (2005). The seeds of audience fragmentation: Specialization in the use of online news sites. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 49, 332-348.
    • (2005) Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media , vol.49 , pp. 332-348
    • Tewksbury, D.1
  • 237
    • 21144470810 scopus 로고
    • Taking a closer look: Reasserting the role of self-concept in dissonance theory
    • Thibodeau, R., & Aronson, E. (1992). Taking a closer look: Reasserting the role of self-concept in dissonance theory. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18, 591-602.
    • (1992) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.18 , pp. 591-602
    • Thibodeau, R.1    Aronson, E.2
  • 238
    • 0003085556 scopus 로고
    • Let's not be indifferent about (attitudinal) ambivalence
    • R. E. Petty & J. A. Krosnick (Eds.), Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Thompson, M. M., Zanna, M. P., & Griffin, D. W. (1995). Let's not be indifferent about (attitudinal) ambivalence. In R. E. Petty & J. A. Krosnick (Eds.), Attitude strength: Antecedents and consequences (pp. 361-386). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (1995) Attitude strength: Antecedents and consequences , pp. 361-386
    • Thompson, M.M.1    Zanna, M.P.2    Griffin, D.W.3
  • 239
    • 0141755319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unraveling the effects of the Internet on political participation?
    • Tolbert, C. J., & McNeal, R. S. (2003). Unraveling the effects of the Internet on political participation? Political Research Quarterly, 56, 175-185.
    • (2003) Political Research Quarterly , vol.56 , pp. 175-185
    • Tolbert, C.J.1    McNeal, R.S.2
  • 242
    • 2542620585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trust, civic engagement, and the Internet
    • Uslaner, E. M. (2004). Trust, civic engagement, and the Internet. Political Communication, 21, 223-242.
    • (2004) Political Communication , vol.21 , pp. 223-242
    • Uslaner, E.M.1
  • 243
    • 0035540668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A spiral of cynicism for some: The contingent effects of campaign news frames on participation and confidence in government
    • Valentino, N. A., Beckmann, M. N., & Buhr, T. A. (2001). A spiral of cynicism for some: The contingent effects of campaign news frames on participation and confidence in government. Political Communication, 18, 347-367.
    • (2001) Political Communication , vol.18 , pp. 347-367
    • Valentino, N.A.1    Beckmann, M.N.2    Buhr, T.A.3
  • 245
    • 0344950454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinguishing the cognitive and behavioral consequences of attitude importance and certainty: A new approach to testing the common-factor hypothesis
    • Visser, P. S., Krosnick, J. A., & Simmons, J. P. (2003). Distinguishing the cognitive and behavioral consequences of attitude importance and certainty: A new approach to testing the common-factor hypothesis. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 39, 118-141.
    • (2003) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.39 , pp. 118-141
    • Visser, P.S.1    Krosnick, J.A.2    Simmons, J.P.3
  • 246
    • 84904971747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abkehr oder Mobilisierung? Zum Einfluss des Internets auf die individuelle politische Kommunikation [Alienation or mobilization? On the Internet's impact on political communication]
    • B. Krause, B. Fretwurst, & J. Vogelgesang (Eds.), [Advances in political communication research]. Wiesbaden, Germany: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften
    • Vowe, G., Emmer, M., & Seifert, M. (2007). Abkehr oder Mobilisierung? Zum Einfluss des Internets auf die individuelle politische Kommunikation [Alienation or mobilization? On the Internet's impact on political communication]. In B. Krause, B. Fretwurst, & J. Vogelgesang (Eds.), Fortschritte der politischen Kommunikationsforschung (pp. 109-130) [Advances in political communication research]. Wiesbaden, Germany: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.
    • (2007) Fortschritte der politischen Kommunikationsforschung , pp. 109-130
    • Vowe, G.1    Emmer, M.2    Seifert, M.3
  • 247
    • 0037273349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Who participates and why? An analysis of citizens on the Internet and the mass public
    • Weber, L. M., Loumakis, A., & Bergman, J. (2003). Who participates and why? An analysis of citizens on the Internet and the mass public. Social Science Computer Review, 21, 26-42.
    • (2003) Social Science Computer Review , vol.21 , pp. 26-42
    • Weber, L.M.1    Loumakis, A.2    Bergman, J.3
  • 248
    • 32244448321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On and off the 'net: Scales for social capital in an online era
    • Williams, D. (2006). On and off the 'net: Scales for social capital in an online era. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 11, 593-628.
    • (2006) Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication , vol.11 , pp. 593-628
    • Williams, D.1
  • 249
    • 33644581437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selektion neu betrachtet: Auswahlentscheidungen im Internet [Selective exposure reconsidered: Selection decisions on the Internet]
    • W. Wirth & W. Schweiger (Eds.), [Selective exposure on the Internet: Empirical analyses of a key concept]. Opladen, Germany: Westdeutscher Verlag
    • Wirth, W., & Schweiger, W. (1999). Selektion neu betrachtet: Auswahlentscheidungen im Internet [Selective exposure reconsidered: Selection decisions on the Internet]. In W. Wirth & W. Schweiger (Eds.), Selektion im Internet: Empirische Analysen zu einem Schlüsselkonzept (pp. 43-70) [Selective exposure on the Internet: Empirical analyses of a key concept]. Opladen, Germany: Westdeutscher Verlag.
    • (1999) Selektion im Internet: Empirische Analysen zu einem Schlüsselkonzept , pp. 43-70
    • Wirth, W.1    Schweiger, W.2
  • 250
    • 77953728421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Don't talk to me": Effects of ideologically homogeneous online groups and politically dissimilar offline ties on extremism
    • Wojcieszak, M. E. (2010). "Don't talk to me": Effects of ideologically homogeneous online groups and politically dissimilar offline ties on extremism. New Media & Society, 12, 637-655.
    • (2010) New Media & Society , vol.12 , pp. 637-655
    • Wojcieszak, M.E.1
  • 251
    • 63649139308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Online groups and political discourse: Do online discussion spaces facilitate exposure to political disagreement?
    • Wojcieszak, M. E., & Mutz, D. C. (2009). Online groups and political discourse: Do online discussion spaces facilitate exposure to political disagreement? Journal of Communication, 59, 40-56.
    • (2009) Journal of Communication , vol.59 , pp. 40-56
    • Wojcieszak, M.E.1    Mutz, D.C.2
  • 253
    • 37349116738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct and differential effects of the Internet on political and civic engagement
    • Xenos, M., & Moy, P. (2007). Direct and differential effects of the Internet on political and civic engagement. Journal of Communication, 57, 704-718.
    • (2007) Journal of Communication , vol.57 , pp. 704-718
    • Xenos, M.1    Moy, P.2
  • 254
    • 33745453188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dispelling late-night myths: News consumption among late-night comedy viewers and the predictors of exposure to various late-night shows
    • Young, D. G., & Tisinger, R. A. (2006). Dispelling late-night myths: News consumption among late-night comedy viewers and the predictors of exposure to various late-night shows. Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics, 11, 113-134.
    • (2006) Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics , vol.11 , pp. 113-134
    • Young, D.G.1    Tisinger, R.A.2
  • 255
    • 0038118693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new standard of news quality: Burglar alarms for the monitorial citizen
    • Zaller, J. R. (2003). A new standard of news quality: Burglar alarms for the monitorial citizen. Political Communication, 20, 109-130.
    • (2003) Political Communication , vol.20 , pp. 109-130
    • Zaller, J.R.1
  • 257
    • 77949419482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The revolution will be networked: The influence of social networking sites on political attitudes and behavior
    • Zhang, W., Johnson, T. J., Seltzer, T., & Bichard, S. L. (2010). The revolution will be networked: The influence of social networking sites on political attitudes and behavior. Social Science Computer Review, 28, 75-92.
    • (2010) Social Science Computer Review , vol.28 , pp. 75-92
    • Zhang, W.1    Johnson, T.J.2    Seltzer, T.3    Bichard, S.L.4
  • 258
    • 84926987882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Political communication and electronic democracy: American exceptionalism or global trend?
    • F. Esser & B. Pfetsch (Eds.), Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press
    • Zittel, T. (2004). Political communication and electronic democracy: American exceptionalism or global trend? In F. Esser & B. Pfetsch (Eds.), Comparing political communication: Theories, cases, and challenges (pp. 231-250). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
    • (2004) Comparing political communication: Theories, cases, and challenges , pp. 231-250
    • Zittel, T.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.