Nanoparticles and nanocomposites for fluorescence sensing and imaging

Methods and Applications in Fluorescence

Volumn 1, Issue 2, 2013, Pages

  Demchenko, Alexander P ^a  

^a PALLADIN INSTITUTE OF BIOCHEMISTRY   (Ukraine)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84883234505     PISSN: None     EISSN: 20506120     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/1/2/022001     Document Type: Review

References (263)

1. Achatz D, Ali R and Wolfbeis O 2011a Luminescent chemical sensing, biosensing, and screening using upconverting nanoparticles Lumin. Appl. Sensor Sci. 300 29-50
2. Achatz D.E., Meier R J, Fischer L H and Wolfbeis O S 2011b Luminescent sensing of oxygen using a quenchable probe and upconverting nanoparticles Angew. Chem. Int. Edn Engl. 50 260-3
3. Achyuthan K E et al 2005 Fluorescence superquenching of conjugated polyelectrolytes: applications for biosensing and drug discovery J. Mater. Chem. 15 2648-56
4. Aggarwal P, Hall J B, McLeland C B, Dobrovolskaia M A and McNeil S E 2009 Nanoparticle interaction with plasma proteins as it relates to particle biodistribution, biocompatibility and therapeutic efficacy Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 61 428-37
5. Aiken III J D and Finke R G 1999 A review of modern transition-metal nanoclusters: their synthesis, characterization, and applications in catalysis J. Mol. Catal. A 145 1-44
6. Algar W R and Krull U J 2008 Quantum dots as donors in fluorescence resonance energy transfer for the bioanalysis of nucleic acids, proteins, and other biological molecules Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 391 1609-18
7. Algar W.R., Prasuhn D E, Stewart M H, Jennings T L, Blanco-Canosa J B, Dawson P E and Medintz I L 2011 The controlled display of biomolecules on nanoparticles: a challenge suited to bioorthogonal chemistry Bioconjug. Chem. 22 825-58
8. Algar W.R., Tavares A J and Krull U J 2010 Beyond labels: a review of the application of quantum dots as integrated components of assays, bioprobes, and biosensors utilizing optical transduction Anal. Chim. Acta 673 1-25
9. Alivisatos A.P., Gu W and Larabell C 2005 Quantum dots as cellular probes Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. 7 55-76
10. Allan G and Delerue C 2007 Energy transfer between semiconductor nanocrystals: validity of Förster's theory Phys. Rev. B 75 195311
11. Allen P.M., Liu W, Chauhan V P, Lee J, Ting A Y, Fukumura D, Jain R K and Bawendi M G 2010 InAs(ZnCdS) quantum dots optimized for biological imaging in the near-infrared J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132 470-1
12. Amin R, Hwang S and Park S H 2011 Nanobiotechnology: an interface between nanotechnology and biotechnology NANO: Brief Rep. Rev. 6 101-11
13. Andrade A.L., Souza D M, Pereira M C, Fabris J D and Domingues R Z 2009 Magnetic properties of nanoparticles obtained by different chemical routes J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 9 2081-7
14. Andreescu S and Sadik O A 2004 Trends and challenges in biochemical sensors for clinical and environmental monitoring Pure Appl. Chem. 76 861-78
15. Armelao L, Quici S, Barigelletti F., Accorsi G, Bottaro G, Cavazzini M and Tondello E 2010 Design of luminescent lanthanide complexes: from molecules to highly efficient photo-emitting materials Coord. Chem. Rev. 254 487-505
16. Aslan K, Gryczynski I, Malicka J., Matveeva E, Lakowicz J R and Geddes C D 2005 Metal-enhanced fluorescence: an emerging tool in biotechnology Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 16 55-62
17. Aubin-Tam M-E and Hamad-Schifferli K 2008 Structure and function of nanoparticle-protein conjugates Biomed. Mater. 3 034001
18. Bagwe R.P., Hilliard L R and Tan W 2006 Surface modification of silica nanoparticles to reduce aggregation and nonspecific binding Langmuir 22 4357-62
19. Bakalova R, Zhelev Z and Gadjeva V 2008 Quantum dots versus organic fluorophores in fluorescent deep-tissue imaging-merits and demerits Gen. Physiol. Biophys. 27 231-42
20. Baker S N and Baker G A 2010 Luminescent carbon nanodots: emergent nanolights Angew. Chem. Int. Edn 49 6726-44
21. Balazs A.C., Emrick T and Russell T P 2006 Nanoparticle polymer composites: where two small worlds meet Science 314 1107-10
22. Balzani V, Ceroni P, Gestermann S., Kauffmann C, Gorka M and Vogtle F 2000 Dendrimers as fluorescent sensors with signal amplification Chem. Commun. 853-4
23. Balzani V, Credi A and Venturi M 2003 Molecular logic circuits Chem Phys Chem 4 49-59
24. Barone P.W., Baik S, Heller D A and Strano M S 2005 Near-infrared optical sensors based on single-walled carbon nanotubes Nature Mater. 4 86-92
25. 4 nanophosphor to CdSe quantum dots J. Phys. Chem. C 114 17535-41
26. Bergamini G, Marchi E and Ceroni P 2010 Luminescent dendrimers as ligands and sensors of metalions Advanced Fluorescence Reporters in Chemistry and Biology II: Molecular Constructions, Polymers and Nanoparticles (Springer Ser Fluoresc vol 9) ed A P Demchenko (Berlin: Springer) pp 253-84
27. Bertazza L, Celotti L, Fabbrini G., Loi M A, Maggini M, Mancin F., Marcuz S, Menna E, Muccini M and Tonellato U 2006 Cell penetrating silica nanoparticles doped with two-photon absorbing fluorophores Tetrahedron 62 10434-40
28. Berti L, D'Agostino P, Boeneman K and Medintz I 2009 Improved peptidyl linkers for self-assembly of semiconductor quantum dot bioconjugates Nano Res. 2 121-9
29. Beveratos A, Brouri R, Gacoin T., Poizat J-P and Grangier P 2001 Nonclassical radiation from diamond nanocrystals Phys. Rev. A 64 061802
30. Biedermann F, Elmalem E, Ghosh I., Nau W M and Scherman O A 2012 Strongly fluorescent, switchable perylene bis(diimide) host-guest complexes with Cucurbit [8]uril Water Angew. Chem. Int. Edn 124 7859-63
31. Biju V, Itoh T and Ishikawa M 2010 Delivering quantum dots to cells: bioconjugated quantum dots for targeted and nonspecific extracellular and intracellular imaging Chem. Soc. Rev. 39 3031-56
32. Boeneman K et al 2010 Quantum dot DNA bioconjugates: attachment chemistry strongly influences the resulting composite architecture ACS Nano 4 7253-66
33. Bogdan N, Vetrone F, Ozin G A and Capobianco J A 2011 Synthesis of ligand-free colloidally stable water dispersible brightly luminescent lanthanide-doped upconverting nanoparticles Nano Lett. 11 835-40
34. Borisov S.M., Mayr T, Mistlberger G and Klimant I 2010 Dye-doped polymeric particles for sensing and imaging Advanced Fluorescence Reporters in Chemistry and Biology. II. Molecular Constructions, Polymers and Nanoparticles vol 9, ed A P Demchenko (Heidelberg: Springer)
35. Bourgeois D and Adam V 2012 Reversible photoswitching in fluorescent proteins: a mechanistic view IUBMB Life 64 482-91
36. Briggs M S J, Bruce I, Miller J N, Moody C J, Simmonds A C and Swann E 1997 Synthesis of functionalised fluorescent dyes and their coupling to amines and amino acids J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1 1997 1051-8
37. Bunzli J-C G and Piguet C 2005 Taking advantage of luminescent lanthanide ions Chem. Soc. Rev. 34 1048-77
38. Bunzli J C G 2006 Benefiting from the unique properties of lanthanide ions Acc. Chem. Res. 39 53-61
39. Burda C, Chen X B, Narayanan R and El-Sayed M A 2005 Chemistry and properties of nanocrystals of different shapes Chem. Rev. 105 1025-102
40. Cade N.I., Ritman-Meer T, Kwaka K and Richards D 2009 The plasmonic engineering of metal nanoparticles for enhanced fluorescence and Raman scattering Nanotechnology 20 285201
41. Casanova D, Giaume D, Gacoin T., Boilot J P and Alexandrou A 2006 Single lanthanide-doped oxide nanoparticles as donors in fluorescence resonance energy transfer experiments J. Phys. Chem. B 110 19264-70
42. Chan Y.H., Ye F, Gallina M E, Zhang X, Jin Y., Wu I C and Chiu D T 2012 Hybrid semiconducting polymer dot-quantum dot with narrow-band emission, near-infrared fluorescence, and high brightness J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134 7309-12
43. Chandra S, Pathan S H, Mitra S, Modha B H, Goswami A and Pramanik P 2012 Tuning of photoluminescence on different surface functionalized carbon quantum dots RSC Adv. 2 3602-6
44. Chandrasekharan N and Kelly L A 2001 A dual fluorescence temperature sensor based on perylene/exciplex interconversion J. Am. Chem. Soc. 123 9898-9
45. Charbonniere L.J., Hildebrandt N, Ziessel R F and Loehmannsroeben H G 2006a Lanthanides to quantum dots resonance energy transfer in time-resolved fluoro-immunoassays and luminescence microscopy J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128 12800-9
46. Charbonniere L.J., Hildebrandt N, Ziessel R F and Lohmannsroben H G 2006b Lanthanides to quantum dots resonance energy transfer in time-resolved fluoro-immunoassays and luminescence microscopy J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128 12800-9
47. Chatterjee D.K., Rufaihah A J and Zhang Y 2008 Upconversion fluorescence imaging of cells and small animals using lanthanide doped nanocrystals Biomaterials 29 937-43
48. Chen C.H., Liu K Y, Sudhakar S, Lim T S, Fann W, Hsu C P and Luh T Y 2005 Efficient light harvesting and energy transfer in organic-inorganic hybrid multichromophoric materials J. Phys. Chem. B 109 17887-91
49. 4 filled carbon nanotubes for cancer-targeted imaging and magnetically guided drug delivery Langmuir 28 16469-76
50. Chen Y-Y, Shu H., Kuo Y, Tzeng Y-K and Chang H-C 2011 Measuring Förster resonance energy transfer between fluorescent nanodiamonds and near-infrared dyes by acceptor photobleaching Diamond Relat. Mater. 20 803-7
51. Choi S, Dickson R M and Yu J 2012 Developing luminescent silver nanodots for biological applications Chem. Soc. Rev. 41 1867-91
52. 3+ nanocrystals J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 5 1480-6
53. Demchenko A P 2002 The red-edge effects: 30 years of exploration Luminescence 17 19-42
54. Demchenko A P 2005 The problem of self-calibration of fluorescence signal in microscale sensor systems Lab Chip 5 1210-23
55. Demchenko A P 2006 Visualization and sensing of intermolecular interactions with two-color fluorescent probes FEBS Lett. 580 2951-7
56. Demchenko A P 2008 Site-selective red-edge effects. Chapter 4 Methods Enzymol. 450 59-78
57. Demchenko A P 2009 Introduction to Fluorescence Sensing (Amsterdam: Springer)
58. Demchenko A P 2010a Collective effects influencing fluorescence emission Advanced Fluorescence Reporters in Chemistry and Biology. II. Molecular Constructions, Polymers and Nanoparticles vol 9, ed A P Demchenko (Heidelberg: Springer) pp 107-32
59. Demchenko A P 2010b The concept of lambda-ratiometry in fluorescence sensing and imaging J. Fluoresc. 20 1099-128
60. Demchenko A.P., Klymchenko A S, Pivovarenko V G, Ercelen S, Duportail G and Mely Y 2003 Multiparametric color-changing fluorescence probes J. Fluoresc. 13 291-5
61. Demchenko A P and Yesylevskyy S O 2009 Nanoscopic description of biomembrane electrostatics: results of molecular dynamics simulations and fluorescence probing Chem. Phys. Lipids 160 63-84
62. Diez I, Kanyuk M I, Demchenko A P, Walther A, Jiang H., Ikkala O and Ras R H 2012 Blue, green and red emissive silver nanoclusters formed in organic solvents Nanoscale 4 4434-7
63. Diez I, Pusa M, Kulmala S., Jiang H, Walther A, Goldmann A S, Muller A H, Ikkala O and Ras R H 2009 Color tunability and electrochemiluminescence of silver nanoclusters Angew. Chem. Int. Edn Engl. 48 2122-5
64. Diez I and Ras R H 2011 Fluorescent silver nanoclusters Nanoscale 3 1963-70
65. Díez I., Ras R H A Kanyuk M I and Demchenko A P 2013 On heterogeneity in fluorescent few-atom silver nanoclusters Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 15 979-85
66. Dmitruk N.L., Borkovskaya O Y, Mamykin S V, Naumenko D O, Berezovska N I, Dmitruk I M, Meza-Laguna V, Alvarez-Zauco E and Basiuk E V 2008 Fullerene C60-silver nanoparticles hybrid structures: optical and photoelectric characterization J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 8 5958-65
67. Dong Y, Wang R, Li H., Shao J, Chi Y, Lin X and Chen G 2012 Polyamine-functionalized carbon quantum dots for chemical sensing Carbon 50 2810-5
68. Drobizhev M, Rebane A, Suo Z and Spangler C W 2005 One-, two-and three-photon spectroscopy of pi-conjugated dendrimers: cooperative enhancement and coherent domains J. Luminesc. 111 291-305
69. Dsouza R.N., Pischel U and Nau W M 2011 Fluorescent dyes and their supramolecular host/guest complexes with macrocycles in aqueous solution Chem. Rev. 111 7941-80
70. Dubois F, Mahler B, Dubertret B., Doris E and Mioskowski C 2007 A versatile strategy for quantum dot ligand exchange J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129 482-3
71. Eastman P S 2006 Qdot nanobarcodes for multiplexed gene expression analysis Nano Lett. 6 1059-64
72. Feng X, Liu L, Wang S and Zhu D 2010a Water-solule fluorescent conjugated polymers and their interactions with biomacromolecules for sensitive biosensors Chem. Soc. Rev. 39 2411-9
73. Feng X, Tang Y, Duan X., Liu L and Wang S 2010b Lipid-modified conjugated polymer nanoparticles for cell imaging and transfection J. Mater. Chem. 20 1312-6
74. Fery-Forgues S., Abyan M and Lamere J F 2008 Nano- and microparticles of organic fluorescent dyes: self-organization and optical properties Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 1130 272-9
75. Forde T S and Hanley Q S 2005 Following FRET through five energy transfer steps: spectroscopic photobleaching, recovery of spectra, and a sequential mechanism of FRET Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 4 609-16
76. Fort E and Grésillon S 2008 Surface enhanced fluorescence J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 41 013001
77. Fouriki A and Dobson J 2013 Nanomagnetic gene transfection for non-viral gene delivery in NIH 3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblasts Materials 6 255-64
78. 2+ ions based on dual fluorescent ligand-coated polymer nanoparticles Chemistry 15 8319-30
79. Fu A, Micheel C M, Cha J, Chang H., Yang H and Alivisatos A P 2004 Discrete nanostructures of quantum dots/Au with DNA J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126 10832-3
80. Gao B et al 2012 Charge transfer and retention in directly coupled Au-CdSe nanohybrids Nano Res. 5 88-98
81. Gao J, Strassler C, Tahmassebi D and Kool E T 2002 Libraries of composite polyfluors built from fluorescent deoxyribosides J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124 11590-1
82. Geng J, Liang J, Wang Y., Gurzadyan G G and Liu B 2011a Metal-enhanced fluorescence of conjugated polyelectrolytes with self-assembled silver nanoparticle platforms J. Phys. Chem. B 115 3281-8
83. Geng J, Liang J, Wang Y., Gurzadyan G G and Liu B 2011b Metal-enhanced fluorescence of conjugated polyelectrolytes with self-assembled silver nanoparticle platforms J. Phys. Chem. B 115 3281-8
84. Gilbert B, Huang F, Zhang H., Waychunas G A and Banfield J F 2004 Nanoparticles: strained and stiff Science 305 651-4
85. Giorgetti E et al 2009 Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) with a donor-acceptor system adsorbed on silver or gold nanoisland films Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 11 9798-803
86. Goldman E.R., Balighian E D, Mattoussi H, Kuno M K, Mauro J M, Tran P T and Anderson G P 2002 Avidin: a natural bridge for quantum dot-antibody conjugates J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124 6378-82
87. Gonçalves M S T 2010 Optimized UV/visible fluorescent markers Advanced Fluorescence Reporters in Chemistry and Biology I vol 8, ed A P Demchenko (Berlin: Springer) pp 27-64
88. Gooding J J 2006 Biosensor technology for detecting biological warfare agents: Recent progress and future trends Anal. Chim. Acta 559 137-51
89. Gorman C B and Smith J C 2001 Structure-property relationships in dendritic encapsulation Acc. Chem. Res. 34 60-71
90. Gorris H.H., Ali R, Saleh S M and Wolfbeis O S 2011 Tuning the dual emission of photon-upconverting nanoparticles for ratiometric multiplexed encoding Adv. Mater. 23 1652-5
91. Grayson S M and Frechet J M J 2001 Convergent dendrons and dendrimers: from synthesis to applications Chem. Rev. 101 3819-67
92. Greco P et al 2008 Conductive sub-micrometric wires of platinum-carbonyl clusters fabricated by soft-lithography J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130 1177-82
93. Gryczynski I, Malicka J, Jiang W., Fischer H, Chan W C W Gryczynski Z, Grudzinski W and Lakowicz J R 2005 Surface-plasmon-coupled emission of quantum dots J. Phys. Chem. B 109 1088-93
94. 2+ indicators with greatly improved fluorescence properties J. Biol. Chem. 260 3440-50
95. Gupta A.K., Naregalkar R R, Vaidya V D and Gupta M 2007 Recent advances on surface engineering of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and their biomedical applications Nanomedicine 2 23-39
96. Ha T and Tinnefeld P 2012 Photophysics of fluorescent probes for single-molecule biophysics and super-resolution imaging Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 63 595-617
97. Haase M and Schafer H 2011 Upconverting nanoparticles Angew. Chem. Int. Edn 50 5808-29
98. Haidekker M A and Theodorakis E A 2007 Molecular rotors - fluorescent biosensors for viscosity and flow Org. Biomol. Chem. 5 1669-78
99. Haldar K.K., Sen T and Patra A 2010 Metal conjugated semiconductor hybrid nanoparticle-based fluorescence resonance energy transfer J. Phys. Chem. C 114 4869-74
100. Han G, Chari N S, Verma A, Hong R., Martin C T and Rotello V M 2005 Controlled recovery of the transcription of nanoparticle-bound DNA by intracellular concentrations of glutathione Bioconjug. Chem. 16 1356-9
101. Han M.Y., Gao X H, Su J Z and Nie S 2001 Quantum-dot-tagged microbeads for multiplexed optical coding of biomolecules Nature Biotechnol. 19 631-5
102. Harriman A, Mallon L and Ziessel R 2008 Energy flow in a purpose-built cascade molecule bearing three distinct chromophores attached to the terminal acceptor Chemistry 14 11461-73
103. Haustein E, Jahnz M and Schwille P 2003 Triple FRET: a tool for studying long-range molecular interactions Chem Phys Chem 4 745-8
104. Hermanson G T 1995 Bioconjugation Techniques (San Diego, CA: Academic)
105. Herrwerth S, Eck W, Reinhardt S and Grunze M 2003 Factors that determine the protein resistance of oligoether self-assembled monolayers - internal hydrophilicity, terminal hydrophilicity, and lateral packing density J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125 9359-66
106. Hessel C.M., Reid D, Panthani M G, Rasch M R, Goodfellow B W, Wei J, Fujii H., Akhavan V and Korgel B A 2011 Synthesis of ligand-stabilized silicon nanocrystals with size-dependent photoluminescence spanning visible to near-infrared wavelengths Chem. Mater. 24 393-401
107. Hildebrandt N, Charbonniere L J and Lohmannsroben H G 2007 Time-resolved analysis of a highly sensitive Forster resonance energy transfer immunoassay using terbium complexes as donors and quantum dots as acceptors J. Biomed. Biotechnol. 2007 79169
108. 2 nanoparticles J. Phys. Chem. B 111 12649-56
109. Hoang V V 2012 Melting of simple monatomic amorphous nanoparticles J. Phys. Chem. C 116 14728-35
110. Hochreiner H, Sanchez-Barragan I, Costa-Fernandez J M and Sanz-Medel A 2005 Dual emission probe for luminescence oxygen sensing: a critical comparison between intensity, lifetime and ratiometric measurements Talanta 66 611-8
111. Hodes G 2007 When small is different: some recent advances in concepts and applications of nanoscale phenomena Adv. Mater. 19 639-55
112. Hoeben F.J., Jonkheijm P, Meijer E W and Schenning A P 2005 About supramolecular assemblies of pi-conjugated systems Chem. Rev. 105 1491-546
113. Hötzer B., Medintz I L and Hildebrandt N 2012 Fluorescence in nanobiotechnology: sophisticated fluorophores for novel applications Small 8 2297-326
114. Huang B, Wu H K, Bhaya D, Grossman A., Granier S, Kobilka B K and Zare R N 2007 Counting low-copy number proteins in a single cell Science 315 81-4
115. Huang X, Yin Z, Wu S., Qi X, He Q, Zhang Q., Yan Q, Boey F and Zhang H 2011 Graphene-based materials: synthesis, characterization, properties, and applications Small 7 1876-902
116. Ito O and D'Souza F 2012 Recent advances in photoinduced electron transfer processes of fullerene-based molecular assemblies and nanocomposites Molecules 17 5816-35
117. Jadzinsky P.D., Calero G, Ackerson C J, Bushnell D A and Kornberg R D 2007 Structure of a thiol monolayer-protected gold nanoparticle at 1.1 A resolution Science 318 430-3
118. Jain P.K., Huang X, El-Sayed I H and El-Sayed M A 2008 Noble metals on the nanoscale: optical and photothermal properties and some applications in imaging, sensing, biology, and medicine Acc. Chem. Res. 41 1578-86
119. Jares-Erijman E A and Jovin T M 2003 FRET imaging Nature Biotechnol. 21 1387-95
120. Jiang G, Susha A S, Lutich A A, Stefani F D, Feldmann J and Rogach A L 2009 Cascaded FRET in conjugated polymer/quantum dot/dye-labeled DNA complexes for DNA hybridization detection ACS Nano 3 4127-31
121. Jin Z and Hildebrandt N 2012 Semiconductor quantum dots for in vitro diagnostics and cellular imaging Trends Biotechnol. 30 394-403
122. Johansson M K and Cook R M 2003 Intramolecular dimers: a new design strategy for fluorescence-quenched probes Chemistry 9 3466-71
123. Jose J and Burgess K 2006 Syntheses and properties of water-soluble Nile Red derivatives J. Org. Chem. 71 7835-9
124. Jun B.H., Kang H, Lee Y S and Jeong D H 2012 Fluorescence-based multiplex protein detection using optically encoded microbeads Molecules 17 2474-90
125. Kadirvel M, Arsic B, Freeman S and Bichenkova E V 2008 Exciplex and excimer molecular probes: detection of conformational flip in a myo-inositol chair Org. Biomol. Chem. 6 1966-72
126. Kainz Q.M., Schätz A, Zöpfl A, Stark W J and Reiser O 2011 Combined covalent and noncovalent functionalization of nanomagnetic carbon surfaces with dendrimers and BODIPY fluorescent dye Chem. Mater. 23 3606-13
127. Kasuya A et al 2004 Ultra-stable nanoparticles of CdSe revealed from mass spectrometry Nature Mater. 3 99-102
128. Katz E and Willner I 2004 Integrated nanoparticle-biomolecule hybrid systems: synthesis, properties, and applications Angew. Chem. Int. Edn 43 6042-108
129. Kikuchi K, Takakusa H and Nagano T 2004 Recent advances in the design of small molecule-based FRET sensors for cell biology Trends Anal. Chem. 23 407-15
130. Kim E and Park S B 2010 Discovery of new fluorescent dyes: targeted syn-thesis or combinatorial approach? Advanced Fluorescence Reporters in Chemistry and Biology. I. Fundamentals and Molecular Design vol 8, ed A P Demchenko (Heidelberg: Springer)
131. Kim S, Pudavar H E and Prasad P N 2006 Dye-concentrated organically modified silica nanoparticles as a ratiometric fluorescent pH probe by one- and two-photon excitation Chem. Commun. (Camb) 2071-3
132. Klymchenko A S and Demchenko A P 2002 Electrochromic modulation of excited-state intramolecular proton transfer: The new principle in design of fluorescence sensors J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124 12372-9
133. Klymchenko A S and Demchenko A P 2003 Multiparametric probing of intermolecular interactions with fluorescent dye exhibiting excited state intramolecular proton transfer Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 5 461-8
134. Krueger A 2008 New carbon materials: biological applications of functionalized nanodiamond materials Chem. - Eur. J. 14 1382-90
135. Kucherak O.A., Oncul S, Darwich Z., Yushchenko D A, Arntz Y, Didier P., Mely Y and Klymchenko A S 2010 Switchable Nile Red-based probe for cholesterol and lipid order at the outer leaflet of biomembranes J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132 4907-16
136. Kuhn B and Fromherz P 2003 Anellated hemicyanine dyes in a neuron membrane: molecular stark effect and optical voltage recording J. Phys. Chem. B 107 7903-13
137. Kuningas K, Rantanen T, Ukonaho T., Lovgren T and Soukka T 2005 Homogeneous assay technology based on upconverting phosphors Anal. Chem. 77 7348-55
138. Kuningas K, Ukonaho T, Pakkila H., Rantanen T, Rosenberg J, Lovgren T and Soukka T 2006 Upconversion fluorescence resonance energy transfer in a homogeneous immunoassay for estradiol Anal. Chem. 78 4690-6
139. Lai S.M., Tsai T Y, Hsu C Y, Tsai J L, Liao M Y and Lai P S 2012 Bifunctional silica-coated superparamagnetic FePt nanoparticles for fluorescence/MR dual imaging J. Nanomater. 2012 5
140. Lakowicz J R 2005 Radiative decay engineering 5: metal-enhanced fluorescence and plasmon emission Anal. Biochem. 337 171-94
141. Lakowicz J R 2006 Plasmonics in biology and plasmon-controlled fluorescence Plasmonics 1 5-33
142. Lavorel J 1957 Influence of concentration on the absorption spectrum and the action spectrum of fluorescence of dye solutions J. Phys. Chem. 61 1600-5
143. Lee J, Hernandez P, Govorov A O and Kotov N A 2007 Exciton-plasmon interactions in molecular spring assemblies of nanowires and wavelength-based protein detection Nature Mater. 6 291-5
144. Lee S.Y., Nakaya K, Hayashi T and Hara M 2009 Quantitative study of the gold-enhanced fluorescence of CdSe/ZnS nanocrystals as a function of distance using an AFM probe Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 11 4403-9
145. Levitus M and Ranjit S 2011 Cyanine dyes in biophysical research: the photophysics of polymethine fluorescent dyes in biomolecular environments Q. Rev. Biophys. 44 123-51
146. Li N and Binder W H 2011 Click-chemistry for nanoparticle-modification J. Mater. Chem. 21 16717-34
147. Li Z, Zhang Y and Jiang S 2008 Multicolor core/shell-structured upconversion fluorescent nanoparticles Adv. Mater. 20 4765-9
148. Lian W, Litherland S A, Badrane H, Tan W H, Wu D H, Baker H V, Gulig P A, Lim D V and Jin S G 2004 Ultrasensitive detection of biomolecules with fluorescent dye-doped nanoparticles Anal. Biochem. 334 135-44
149. Lidke D.S., Nagy P, Jovin T M and Arndt-Jovin D J 2007 Biotin-ligand complexes with streptavidin quantum dots for in vivo cell labeling of membrane receptors Methods Mol. Biol. 374 69-79
150. Lim C T and Zhang Y 2007 Bead-based microfluidic immunoassays: The next generation Biosens. Bioelectron. 22 1197-204
151. Lin Y S and Haynes C L 2010 Impacts of mesoporous silica nanoparticle size, pore ordering, and pore integrity on hemolytic activity J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132 4834-42
152. Liu B.R., Huang Y W, Chiang H J and Lee H J 2010 Cell-penetrating peptide-functionalized quantum dots for intracellular delivery J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 10 7897-905
153. Liu C, Wang Z, Jia H and Li Z 2011 Efficient fluorescence resonance energy transfer between upconversion nanophosphors and graphene oxide: a highly sensitive biosensing platform Chem. Commun. 47 4661-3
154. Liu D, Tong L, Shi J., Yang X and Yang H 2012 Synthesis and properties of Fe/Fe 3 O 4 nanocomposites coated with ZnS J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 23 464-7
155. Liu H, Ye T and Mao C 2007 Fluorescent carbon nanoparticles derived from candle soot Angew. Chem. Int. Edn 46 6473-5
156. Liu S and Tang Z 2010 Nanoparticle assemblies for biological and chemical sensing J. Mater. Chem. 20 24-35
157. Lu C-H, Yang H-H, Zhu C-L, Chen X and Chen G-N 2009 A graphene platform for sensing biomolecules Angew. Chem. Int. Edn 48 4785-7
158. Ma Q, Wang X Y, Li Y B, Shi Y H and Su X G 2007 Multicolor quantum dot-encoded microspheres for the detection of biomolecules Talanta 72 1446-52
159. Mader H.S., Kele P, Saleh S M and Wolfbeis O S 2010 Upconverting luminescent nanoparticles for use in bioconjugation and bioimaging Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 14 582-96
160. Maitra U, Jain A, George S J and Rao C N R 2011 Tunable fluorescence in chromophore-functionalized nanodiamond induced by energy transfer Nanoscale 3 3192-7
161. Malicka J, Gryczynski I, Gryczynski Z and Lakowicz J R 2003 Effects of fluorophore-to-silver distance on the emission of cyanine-dye-labeled oligonucleotides Anal. Biochem. 315 57-66
162. Markova Z et al 2012 Synthesis and properties of core-shell fluorescent hybrids with distinct morphologies based on carbon dots J. Mater. Chem. 22 16219-23
163. Marques A.T., Pinto S M A Monteiro C J P, Seixas de Melo J S, Burrows H D, Scherf U, Calvete M J F and Pereira M M 2012 Energy transfer from fluorene-based conjugated polyelectrolytes to on-chain and self-assembled porphyrin units J. Polym. Sci. A 50 1408-17
164. Medintz I L and Mattoussi H 2009 Quantum dot-based resonance energy transfer and its growing application in biology Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 11 17-45
165. Ming T, Chen H, Jiang R., Li Q and Wang J 2011 Plasmon-controlled fluorescence: beyond the intensity enhancement J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 3 191-202
166. Ming T, Zhao L, Xiao M and Wang J 2010 Resonance-coupling-based plasmonic switches Small 6 2514-9
167. Miyawaki A, Nagai T and Mizuno H 2003 Mechanisms of protein fluorophore formation and engineering Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 7 557-62
168. Miyawaki A, Nagai T and Mizuno H 2005 Engineering fluorescent proteins Microsc. Techniq. 95 1-15
169. Monat C et al 2007 Frontiers in microphotonics: tunability and all-optical control Laser Phys. Lett. 4 177-86
170. Morrison L E 1988 Time-resolved detection of energy transfer: theory and application to immunoassays Anal. Biochem. 174 101-20
171. Moyano D F and Rotello V M 2011 Nano meets biology: structure and function at the nanoparticle interface Langmuir 27 10376-85
172. Muhammed M A H, Shaw A K, Pal S K and Pradeep T 2008 Quantum clusters of gold exhibiting FRET J. Phys. Chem. C 112 14324-30
173. Navrotsky A 2003 Energetics of nanoparticle oxides: interplay between surface energy and polymorphism Geochem. Trans. 4 34-7
174. Nguyen T.Q., Martini I B, Liu J and Schwartz B J 2000 Controlling interchain interactions in conjugated polymers: the effects of chain morphology on exciton-exciton annihilation and aggregation in MEH-PPV films J. Phys. Chem. B 104 237-55
175. Ni W, Chen H, Su J., Sun Z, Wang J and Wu H 2010 Effects of dyes, gold nanocrystals, pH, and metal ions on plasmonic and molecular resonance coupling J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132 4806-14
176. Ohya Y, Yabuki K, Hashimoto M., Nakajima A and Ouchi T 2003 Multistep fluorescence resonance energy transfer in sequential chromophore array constructed on oligo-DNA assemblies Bioconjug. Chem. 14 1057-66
177. Ow H, Larson D R, Srivastava M, Baird B A, Webb W W and Wiesner U 2005 Bright and stable core-shell fluorescent silica nanoparticles Nano Lett. 5 113-7
178. Palma A, Tasior M, Frimannsson D O, Vu T T, Meallet-Renault R and O'Shea D F 2009 New on-bead near-infrared fluorophores and fluorescent sensor constructs Org. Lett. 11 3638-41
179. Pandya S, Yu J H and Parker D 2006 Engineering emissive europium and terbium complexes for molecular imaging and sensing Dalton Trans. 2757-66
180. Park H.J., Vak D, Noh Y Y, Lim B and Kim D Y 2007 Surface plasmon enhanced photoluminescence of conjugated polymers Appl. Phys. Lett. 90 161107
181. Park S and Hamad-Schifferli K 2010 Nanoscale interfaces to biology Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 14 616-22
182. Park S and Ruoff R S 2009 Chemical methods for the production of graphenes Nature Nanotechnol. 4 217-24
183. Patel P D 2002 (Bio) sensors for measurement of analytes implicated in food safety: a review Trac-Trends Anal. Chem. 21 96-115
184. Patsenker L.D., Tatarets A L and Terpetschnig E A 2010 Long-wavelength probes and labels based on cyanines and squaraines Advanced Fluorescence Reporters in Chemistry and Biology. I. Fundamentals and Molecular Design vol 8, ed A P Demchenko (Heidelberg: Springer)
185. Peng H-C, Kang C-C, Liang M-R, Chen C-Y, Demchenko A, Chen C-T and Chou P-T 2011 En route to white-light generation utilizing nanocomposites composed of ultrasmall CdSe nanodots and excited-state intramolecular proton transfer dyes ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 3 1713-20
186. Piehler J 2011 Labeling of oligohistidine-tagged proteins Advanced Fluorescence Reporters in Chemistry and Biology III vol 113, ed A P Demchenko (Berlin: Springer) pp 297-310
187. Plass T and Schultz C 2011 Covalent labeling of biomolecules in living cells Covalent Labeling of Biomolecules in Living Cells Advanced Fluorescence Reporters in Chemistry and Biology III vol 113, ed A P Demchenko (Berlin: Springer) pp 225-61
188. Pons T, Medintz I L, Sapsford K E, Higashiya S, Grimes A F, English D S and Mattoussi H 2007 On the quenching of semiconductor quantum dot photoluminescence by proximal gold nanoparticles Nano Lett. 7 3157-64
189. Pradhan N and Sarma D D 2011 Advances in light-emitting doped semiconductor nanocrystals J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2 2818-26
190. Prasuhn D.E., Blanco-Canosa J B, Vora G J, Delehanty J B, Susumu K, Mei B C, Dawson P E and Medintz I L 2010a Combining chemoselective ligation with polyhistidine-driven self-assembly for the modular display of biomolecules on quantum dots ACS Nano 4 267-78
191. Prasuhn D.E., Deschamps J R, Susumu K, Stewart M H, Boeneman K, Blanco-Canosa J B, Dawson P E and Medintz I L 2010b Polyvalent display and packing of peptides and proteins on semiconductor quantum dots: predicted versus experimental results Small 6 555-64
192. Przhonska O.V., Scott Webster S, Padilha L A, Hu H, Kachkovski A D, Hagan D J and Stryland E W V 2010 Two-photon absorption in near-IR conjugated molecules: design strategy and structure-property relations Advanced Fluorescence Reporters in Chemistry and Biology. I. Fundamentals and Molecular Design vol 8, ed A P Demchenko (Heidelberg: Springer)
193. Pu K-Y, Li K and Liu B 2010 Multicolor conjugate polyelectrolyte/peptide complexes as self-assembled nanoparticles for receptor-targeted cellular imaging Chem. Mater. 22 6736-41
194. Pu K Y and Liu B 2009 Optimizing the cationic conjugated polymer-sensitized fluorescent signal of dye labeled oligonucleotide for biosensor applications Biosens. Bioelectron. 24 1067-73
195. Qhobosheane M, Santra S, Zhang P and Tan W H 2001 Biochemically functionalized silica nanoparticles Analyst 126 1274-8
196. Rayno F M and Yildiz I 2007 Luminescent chemosensors based on semiconductor quantum dots Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 9 2036-43
197. Reppy M A 2010 Structure, emissive properties, and reporting abilities of conjugated polymers Advanced Fluorescence Reporters in Chemistry and Biology II: Molecular Constructions, Polymers and Nanoparticles (Springer Ser Fluoresc vol 9) ed A P Demchenko (Berlin: Springer) pp 357-88
198. Resch-Genger U., Grabolle M, Cavaliere-Jaricot S, Nitschke R and Nann T 2008 Quantum dots versus organic dyes as fluorescent labels Nature Methods 5 763-75
199. Resch-Genger U., Grabolle M, Nitschke R and Nann T 2010 Nanocrystals and nanoparticles versus molecular fluorescent labels as reporters for bioanalysis and the life sciences: a critical comparison Advanced Fluorescence Reporters in Chemistry and Biology II: Molecular Constructions, Polymers and Nanoparticles (Springer Ser Fluoresc vol 9) ed A P Demchenko (Berlin: Springer) pp 3-40
200. Riu J, Maroto A and Rius F X 2006 Nanosensors in environmental analysis Talanta 69 288-301
201. Rongen H, Bult A and Van Bennekom W 1997 Liposomes and immunoassays J. Immunol. Methods 204 105-33
202. Saleh S.M., Ali R, Hirsch T and Wolfbeis O S 2011a Detection of biotin-avidin affinity binding by exploiting a self-referenced system composed of upconverting nanoparticles and gold nanoparticles J. Nanoparticle Res. 13 4603-11
203. Saleh S.M., Ali R and Wolfbeis O S 2011b Quenching of the luminescence of upconverting luminescent nanoparticles by heavy metal ions Chem. - Eur. J. 17 14611-7
204. Sanchez-Antequera Y., Mykhaylyk O, van Til N P, Cengizeroglu A, de Jong J H, Huston M W, Anton M, Johnston I C D, Pojda Z and Wagemaker G 2011 Magselectofection: an integrated method of nanomagnetic separation and genetic modification of target cells Blood 117 e171-81
205. Sapsford K.E., Pons T, Medintz I L and Mattoussi H 2006 Biosensing with luminescent semiconductor quantum dots Sensors 6 925-53
206. Scholes G D and Rumbles G 2006 Excitons in nanoscale systems Nature Mater. 5 683-96
207. Schrand A.M., Hens S A C and Shenderova O A 2009 Nanodiamond particles: properties and perspectives for bioapplications Crit. Rev. Solid State Mater. Sci. 34 18-74
208. Selvin P R 2002 Principles and biophysical applications of lanthanide-based probes Ann. Rev. Biophys. Biomol. Structure 31 275-302
209. Sen T and Patra A 2012 Recent advances in energy transfer processes in gold-nanoparticle-based assemblies J. Phys. Chem. C 116 17307-17
210. Serin J.M., Brousmiche D W and Frechet J M J 2002 Cascade energy transfer in a conformationally mobile multichromophoric dendrimer Chem. Commun. 2605-7
211. Shcharbin D, Szwedzka M and Bryszewska M 2007 Does fluorescence of ANS reflect its binding to PAMAM dendrimer? Bioorg. Chem. 35 170-4
212. Shevchenko E.V., Ringler M, Schwemer A., Talapin D V, Klar T A, Rogach A L, Feldmann J and Alivisatos A P 2008 Self-assembled binary superlattices of CdSe and Au nanocrystals and their fluorescence properties J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130 3274-5
213. Shynkar V.V., Klymchenko A S, Piemont E, Demchenko A P and Mely Y 2004 Dynamics of intermolecular hydrogen bonds in the excited states of 4'-dialkylamino-3-hydroxyflavones. On the pathway to an ideal fluorescent hydrogen bonding sensor J. Phys. Chem. A 108 8151-9
214. Snee P.T., Somers R C, Nair G, Zimmer J P, Bawendi M G and Nocera D G 2006 A ratiometric CdSe/ZnS nanocrystal pH sensor J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128 13320-1
215. Spagnuolo C, Joselevich M, Leskow F C and Jares-Erijman E A 2011 Tetracysteine and bipartite tags for biarsenical organic fluorophores Advanced Fluorescence Reporters in Chemistry and Biology III vol 113, ed A P Demchenko (Berlin: Springer) pp 263-95
216. Squire A, Verveer P J, Rocks O and Bastiaens P I 2004 Red-edge anisotropy microscopy enables dynamic imaging of homo-FRET between green fluorescent proteins in cells J. Struct. Biol. 147 62-9
217. Srivastava B.B., Jana S, Karan N S, Paria S, Jana N R, Sarma D D and Pradhan N 2010 Highly luminescent MN-doped ZnS nanocrystals: gram-scale synthesis J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 1 1454-8
218. Srivastava S and Kotov N A 2009 Nanoparticle assembly for 1D and 2D ordered structures Soft Matter 5 1146-56
219. Stepanenko O.V., Shcherbakova D M, Kuznetsova I M, Turoverov K K and Verkhusha V V 2011 Modern fluorescent proteins: from chromophore formation to novel intracellular applications Biotechniques 51 313-4 316, 318 passim
220. Stranik O, Nooney R, McDonagh C and MacCraith B D 2007 Optimization of nanoparticle size for plasmonic enhancement of fluorescence Plasmonics 2 15-22
221. Suh W.H., Suh Y-H and Stucky G D 2009 Multifunctional nanosystems at the interface of physical and life sciences Nano Today 4 27-36
222. Suzuki M, Husimi Y, Komatsu H., Suzuki K and Douglas K T 2008 Quantum dot FRET biosensors that respond to pH, to proteolytic or nucleolytic cleavage, to DNA synthesis, or to a multiplexing combination J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130 5720-5
223. Tang F, Ma N, Wang X., He F and Li L 2011 Hybrid conjugated polymer-Ag@PNIPAM fluorescent nanoparticles with metal-enhanced fluorescence J. Mater. Chem. 21 16943-8
224. Thomas S W III, Joly G D and Swager T M 2007 Chemical sensors based on amplifying fluorescent conjugated polymers Chem. Rev. 107 1339-86
225. Tomczak N, Janczewski D, Han M and Vancso G J 2009 Designer polymer-quantum dot architectures Prog. Polym. Sci. 34 393-430
226. Torres-Costa V and Martín-Palma R 2010 Application of nanostructured porous silicon in the field of optics. A review J. Mater. Sci. 45 2823-38
227. Tovmachenko O.G., Graf C, van den Heuvel D J, van Blaaderen A and Gerritsen H C 2006 Fluorescence enhancement by metal-core/silica-shell nanoparticles Adv. Mater. 18 91-5
228. Trau D, Yang W, Seydack M., Caruso F, Yu N-T and Renneberg R 2002 Nanoencapsulated microcrystalline particles for superamplified biochemical assays Anal. Chem. 74 5480-6
229. Tsien R Y 2009 Constructing and exploiting the fluorescent protein paintbox (Nobel Lecture) Angew. Chem. Int. Edn 48 5612-26
230. Varnavski O.P., Ostrowski J C, Sukhomlinova L, Twieg R J, Bazan G C and Goodson T 2002 Coherent effects in energy transport in model dendritic structures investigated by ultrafast fluorescence anisotropy spectroscopy J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124 1736-43
231. Vosch T, Antoku Y, Hsiang J C, Richards C I, Gonzalez J I and Dickson R M 2007 Strongly emissive individual DNA-encapsulated Ag nanoclusters as single-molecule fluorophores Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 104 12616-21
232. Wang F, Banerjee D, Liu Y., Chen X and Liu X 2010 Upconversion nanoparticles in biological labeling, imaging, and therapy Analyst 135 1839-54
233. Wang F, Tan W B, Zhang Y, Fan X and Wang M 2006a Luminescent nanomaterials for biological labelling Nanotechnology 17 R1-13
234. Wang J 2009 Biomolecule-functionalized nanowires: from nanosensors to nanocarriers Chem Phys Chem 10 1748-55
235. Wang L, Wang K M, Santra S, Zhao X J, Hilliard L R, Smith J E, Wu J R and Tan W H 2006b Watching silica nanoparticles glow in the biological world Anal. Chem. 78 646-54
236. Wang L, Zhao W and Tan W 2008 Bioconjugated silica nanoparticles: development and applications Nano Res. 1 99-115
237. Wang M, Mi C, Zhang Y., Liu J, Li F, Mao C and Xu S 2009 NIR-responsive silica-coated NaYbF(4): Er/Tm/Ho upconversion fluorescent nanoparticles with tunable emission colors and their applications in immunolabeling and fluorescent imaging of cancer cells J. Phys. Chem. C 113 19021-7
238. Wang X, Peng Q and Li Y 2007 Interface-mediated growth of monodispersed nanostructures Acc. Chem. Res. 40 635-43
239. Wang X-L, Qin C., Wang E-B, Su Z-M, Li Y-G and Xu L 2006c Self-assembly of nanometer-scale [Cu24I10L12]14+ cages and ball-shaped keggin clusters into a (4,12)-connected 3D framework with photoluminescent and electrochemical properties Angew. Chem. Int. Edn 45 7411-4
240. Wang Y, Bao L, Liu Z and Pang D W 2011 Aptamer biosensor based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer from upconverting phosphors to carbon nanoparticles for thrombin detection in human plasma Anal. Chem. 83 8130-7
241. 3+ Nanoluminophors J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 12 1886-91
242. Whitaker J.E., Haugland R P and Prendergast F G 1991 Spectral and photophysical studies of benzo [c]xanthene dyes: dual emission pH sensors Anal. Biochem. 194 330-44
243. Wiederrecht G.P., Wurtz G A and Hranisavljevic J 2004 Coherent coupling of molecular excitons to electronic polarizations of noble metal nanoparticles Nano Lett. 4 2121-5
244. Wilson R, Cossins A R and Spiller D G 2006 Encoded microcarriers for high-throughput multiplexed detection Angew. Chem. Int. Edn Engl. 45 6104-17
245. Wu C, Hansen S J, Hou Q, Yu J., Zeigler M, Jin Y, Burnham D R, McNeill J D, Olson J M and Chiu D T 2011 Design of highly emissive polymer dot bioconjugates for in vivo tumor targeting Angew. Chem. Int. Edn 50 3430-4
246. Wu C, Zheng Y, Szymanski C and McNeill J 2008 Energy transfer in a nanoscale multichromophoric system: fluorescent dye-doped conjugated polymer nanoparticles J. Phys. Chem. C 112 1772-81
247. Wu Z, Lanni E, Chen W., Bier M E, Ly D and Jin R 2009 High yield, large scale synthesis of thiolate-protected Ag7 clusters J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131 16672-4
248. Xu K and Xu B 2006 Biofunctional magnetic nanoparticles for protein separation and pathogen detection Chem. Commun. 941-9
249. Yang C.J., Jockusch S, Vicens M., Turro N J and Tan W 2005 Light-switching excimer probes for rapid protein monitoring in complex biological fluids Proc. Natl Acad Sci. USA 102 17278-83
250. Yao G, Wang L, Wu Y R, Smith J, Xu J S, Zhao W J, Lee E J and Tan W H 2006 FloDots: luminescent nanoparticles Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 385 518-24
251. Yao H 2010 Prospects for organic dye nanoparticles Advanced Fluorescence Reporters in Chemistry and Biology. II. Molecular Constructions, Polymers and Nanoparticles vol 9, ed A P Demchenko (Heidelberg: Springer)
252. Yu J, Patel S A and Dickson R M 2007 In vitro and intracellular production of peptide-encapsulated fluorescent silver nanoclusters Angew. Chem. Int. Edn Engl. 46 2028-30
253. Yun C.S., Javier A, Jennings T., Fisher M, Hira S, Peterson S., Hopkins B, Reich N O and Strouse G F 2005 Nanometal surface energy transfer in optical rulers, breaking the FRET barrier J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127 3115-9
254. Zhai X, Zhang P, Liu C., Bai T, Li W, Dai L and Liu W 2012 Highly luminescent carbon nanodots by microwave-assisted pyrolysis Chem. Commun. 48 7955-7
255. 4/mesoporous silica yolk/shell nanocapsules for siRNA delivery Chem. Commun. 48 8706-8
256. Zhang Y.X., Aslan K, Previte M J R Malyn S N and Geddes C D 2006 Metal-enhanced phosphorescence: interpretation in terms of triplet-coupled radiating plasmons J. Phys. Chem. B 110 25108-14
257. Zheng Y.B., Juluri B K, Lin Jensen L, Ahmed D, Lu M., Jensen L and Huang T J 2010 Dynamic tuning of plasmon-exciton coupling in arrays of nanodisk-J-aggregate complexes Adv. Mater. 22 3603-7
258. Zhou J, Liu Z and Li F 2012a Upconversion nanophosphors for small-animal imaging Chem. Soc. Rev. 41 1323-49
259. Zhou J, Sheng Z, Han H., Zou M and Li C 2012b Facile synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots using watermelon peel as a carbon source Mater. Lett. 66 222-4
260. Zhu S, Tang S, Zhang J and Yang B 2012 Control the size and surface chemistry of graphene for the rising fluorescent materials Chem. Commun. (Camb) 48 4527-39
261. Zhu Z, Yang R, You M., Zhang X, Wu Y and Tan W 2010 Single-walled carbon nanotube as an effective quencher Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 396 73-83
262. Ziessel R, Goze C, Ulrich G., Cesario M, Retailleau P, Harriman A and Rostron J P 2005 Intramolecular energy transfer in pyrene-bodipy molecular dyads and triads Chemistry 11 7366-78
263. Zimmer M 2009 GFP: from jellyfish to the Nobel prize and beyond Chem. Soc. Rev. 38 2823-32