Cardiac Regeneration and Aging

Heart Development and Regeneration

Volumn , Issue , 2010, Pages 951-980

  Leri, Annarosa ^a   Kajstura, Jan ^a   Anversa, Piero ^a  

^a NEW YORK MEDICAL COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84882486590     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-381332-9.00045-1     Document Type: Chapter

References (175)

1. Abdullah I., Lepore J.J., Epstein J.A., Pamacek M.S., Gruber P.J. MRL mice fail to heal the heart in response to ischemia-reperfusion injury. Wound Repair Regen. 2005, 13:205-208.
2. Agah R., Kirshenbaum L.A., Abdellatif M., Truong L.D., Chakraborty S., Michael L.H., Schneider M.D. Adenoviral delivery of E2F-1 directs cell cycle reentry and p53-independent apoptosis in postmitotic adult myocardium in vivo. J. Clin. Invest. 1997, 100:2722-2728.
3. Ahuja P., Sdek P., MacLellan W.R. Cardiac myocyte cell cycle control in development, disease and regeneration. Physiol. Rev. 2007, 87:521-544.
4. Alexander W.S., Lyman S.D., Wagner E.F. Expression of functional c-kit receptors rescues the genetic defect of W mutant mast cells. EMBO J. 1991, 10:3683-3691.
5. Allman D., Aster J.C., Pear W.S. Notch signaling in hematopoiesis and early lymphocyte development. Immunol. Rev. 2002, 187:75-86.
6. Allsopp R.C., Weissman I.L. Replicative senescence of hematopoietic stem cells during serial transplantation: does telomere shortening play a role?. Oncogene 2002, 21:3270-3273.
7. Anton B., Vitetta L., Cortizo F., Sali A. Can we delay aging? The biology and science of aging. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 2005, 1057:525-535.
8. Anversa P., Palackal T., Sonnenblick E.H., Olivetti G., Capasso J.M. Hypertensive cardiomyopathy. Myocyte nuclei hyperplasia in the mammalian rat heart. J. Clin. Invest. 1990, 85:994-997.
9. Anversa P., Kajstura J. Ventricular myocytes are not terminally differentiated in the adult mammalian heart. Circ. Res. 1998, 83:1-14.
10. Anversa P., Leri A., Beltrami C.A., Guerra S., Kajstura J. Myocyte death and growth in the failing heart. Lab. Invest. 1998, 78:767-786.
11. Anversa P., Leri A. Myocardial regeneration. Braunwald's Heart Disease. A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine 2005, 1911-1924. Elsevier Academic Press, New York, NY. D.P. Zipes, P. Libby, R.O. Bonow, E. Braunwald (Eds.).
12. Anversa P., Leri A., Kajstura J. Cardiac regeneration. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2006, 47:1769-1776.
13. Anversa P., Kajstura J., Leri A., Bolli R. Life and death of cardiac stem cells: a paradigm shift in cardiac biology. Circulation 2006, 113:1451-1463.
14. Anversa P., Leri A., Rota M., Hosoda T., Bearzi C., Urbanek K., Kajstura J., Bolli R. Concise review: stem cells, myocardial regeneration, and methodological artifacts. Stem Cells 2007, 25:589-601.
15. Baerlocher G.M., Roth A., Lansdorp P.M. Telomeres in hematopoietic stem cells. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 2003, 996:44-48.
16. Baerlocher G.M., Rice K., Vulto I., Lansdorp P.M. Longitudinal data on telomere length in leukocytes from newborn baboons support a marked drop in stem cell turnover around 1 year of age. Aging Cell 2007, 6:121-123.
17. Baker M., Urbanek K., Barlucchi L., Rastaldo R., Nadal-Ginard B., Leri A., Kajstura J., Anversa P. Activation and migration of cardiac progenitor cells converts the senescent heart to a younger heart. Circulation 2003, 108:II-217.
18. Balaban R.S., Nemoto S., Finkel T. Mitochondria, oxidants, and aging. Cell 2005, 120:483-495.
19. Barlucchi L., Baker M., Padin-Iruegas M.E., Rota M., Urbanek K., Heleniak H., Musso E., Torella D., Zias E., Nadal-Ginard B., Leri A. Mutation of the c-kit receptor in cardiac progenitor cells results in decompensated eccentric hypertrophy following aortic stenosis. Circulation 2003, 108:II-289.
20. Bearzi C., Muller P., Amano K., Tang X., Loredo M., Mosna F., Gatti A., Esposito G., Leri A., Kajstura J., Anversa P., Rimoldi O., Bolli R. Identification and characterization of cardiac stem cells in pig heart. Circulation 2006, 114:II-125.
21. Beltrami A.P., Urbanek K., Kajstura J., Yan S.M., Finato N., Bussani R., Nadal-Ginard B., Silvestri F., Leri A., Beltrami C.A., Anversa P. Evidence that human cardiac myocytes divide after myocardial infarction. N. Engl. J. Med. 2001, 344:1750-1757.
22. Beltrami A.P., Barlucchi L., Torella D., Baker M., Limana F., Chimenti S., Kasahara H., Rota M., Musso E., Urbanek K., Leri A., Kajstura J., Nadal-Ginard B., Anversa P. Adult cardiac stem cells are multipotent and support myocardial regeneration. Cell 2003, 114:763-776.
23. Beltrami C.A., Finato N., Rocco M., Feruglio G.A., Puricelli C., Cigola E., Quaini F., Sonnenblick E.H., Olivetti G., Anversa P. Structural basis of end-stage failure in ischemic cardiomyopathy in humans. Circulation 1994, 89:151-163.
24. Beltrami C.A., Finato N., Rocco M., Feruglio G.A., Puricelli C., Cigola E., Sonnenblick E.H., Olivetti G., Anversa P. The cellular basis of dilated cardiomyopathy in humans. J. Mol. Cell Cardiol. 1995, 27:291-305.
25. Berdnik D., Torok T., Gonzalez-Gaitan M., Knoblich J.A. The endocytic protein α-adaptin is required for numb-mediated asymmetric cell division in Drosophila. Dev. Cell. 2002, 3:221-231.
26. Blasco M.A. Telomeres and human disease: ageing, cancer and beyond. Nat. Rev. Genet. 2005, 6:611-622.
27. Blau H.M., Brazelton T.R., Weimann J.M. The evolving concept of a stem cell: entity or function?. Cell 2001, 105:829-841.
28. Bolli R., Jneid H., Tang X.L., Dawn B., Rimoldi O., Mosna F., Loredo M., Gatti A., Kajstura J., Leri A., Bearzi C., Abdel-Latif A., Anversa P. Intracoronary administration of cardiac stem cells improves cardiac function in pigs with old infarction. Circulation 2006, 114:II-239.
29. Braun K.M., Niemann C., Jensen U.B., Sundberg J.P., Silva-Vargas V., Watt F.M. Manipulation of stem cell proliferation and lineage commitment: visualization of label-retaining cells in wholemounts of mouse epidermis. Development (Cambridge, UK) 2003, 130:5241-5255.
30. Brinster R.L., Zimmermann J.W. Spermatogenesis following male germ-cell transplantation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1994, 91:11298-11302.
31. Brown W.T. Genetic diseases of premature aging as models of senescence. Annu. Rev. Gerontol. Geriatr. 1990, 10:23-42.
32. Cable J., Jackson I.J., Steel K.P. Mutations at the W locus affect survival of neural crest-derived melanocytes in the mouse. Mech. Dev. 1995, 50:139-150.
33. Calvi L.M., Adams G.B., Weibrecht K.W., Weber J.M., Olson D.P., Knight M.C., Martin R.P., Schipani E., Divieti P., Bringhurst F.R., Milner L.A., Kronenberg H.M., Scadden D.T. Osteoblastic cells regulate the haematopoietic stem cell niche. Nature (London) 2003, 425:841-846.
34. Campisi J. Cancer and ageing: rival demons?. Nat. Rev. Cancer 2003, 3:339-349.
35. Carlson M.E., Conboy I.M. Loss of stem cell regenerative capacity within aged niches. Aging Cell 2007, 6:371-382.
36. Cavazzana-Calvo M., Hacein-Bey S., de Saint Basile G., Gross F., Yvon E., Nusbaum P., Slez F., Hue C., Certain S., Casanova J.L., Bousso P., Deist F.L., Fischer A. Gene therapy of human severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)-X1 disease. Science 2000, 288:669-672.
37. Cesselli D., Jakoniuk I., Barlucchi L., Beltrami A.P., Hintze T.H., Nadal-Ginard B., Kajstura J., Leri A., Anversa P. Oxidative stress-mediated cardiac cell death is a major determinant of ventricular dysfunction and failure in dog dilated cardiomyopathy. Circ. Res. 2001, 89:279-286.
38. Chen J., Astle B.A., Harrison D.E. Development and aging of primitive hematopoietic stem cell senescence. Exp. Hematol. 1999, 27:92-935.
39. Chen J., Astle C.M., Harrison D.E. Genetic regulation of primitive hematopoietic stem cell senescence. Exp. Hematol. 2000, 28:442-450.
40. Chen X., Wilson R.M., Kubo H., Berretta R.M., Harris D.M., Zhang X., Jaleel N., MacDonnell S.M., Bearzi C., Tillmanns J., Trofimova I., Hosoda T., Mosna F., Cribbs L., Leri A., Kajstura J., Anversa P., Houser S.R. Adolescent feline heart contains a population of small, proliferative ventricular myocytes with immature physiological properties. Circ. Res. 2007, 100:536-544.
41. Cheng T., Rodrigues N., Shen H., Yang Y., Dombkowski D., Sykes M., Scadden D.T. Hematopoietic stem cell quiescence maintained by p21cip1/waf1. Science 2000, 287:1804-1808.
42. Chien K.R. Lost in translation. Nature (London) 2004, 428:607-609.
43. Chimenti C., Kajstura J., Torella D., Urbanek K., Heleniak H., Colussi C., Di Meglio F., Nadal-Ginard B., Frustaci A., Leri A., Maseri A., Anversa P. Senescence and death of primitive cells and myocytes lead to premature cardiac aging and heart failure. Circ. Res. 2003, 93:604-613.
44. Dasgupta P., Padmanabhan J., Chellappan S. Rb function in the apoptosis and senescence of non-neuronal and neuronal cells: role in oncogenesis. Curr. Mol. Med. 2006, 6:719-729.
45. De Haan G., Van Zant G. Intrinsic and extrinsic control of hemato-poietic stem cell numbers: mapping of a stem cell gene. J. Exp. Med. 1997, 186:529-536.
46. Doetsch F. A niche for adult neural stem cells. Curr. Opin. Gen. Dev. 2003, 13:543-550.
47. Ferguson M.W., O'Kane S. Scar-free healing: from embryonic mechanisms adult therapeutic intervention. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci. 2004, 359:839-850.
48. Flores I., Cayuela M.L., Blasco M.A. Effects of telomerase and telomere length on epidermal stem cell behavior. Science 2005, 309:1253-1256.
49. Francque S., Condat B., Asselah T., Vilgrain V., Durand F., Moreau R., Valla D. Multifactorial aetiology of hepatic infarction: a case report with literature review. Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2004, 16:411-415.
50. Fuchs E., Tumbar T., Guasch G. Socializing with the neighbors: stem cells and their niche. Cell 2004, 116:769-778.
51. Fuller M.T., Spradling A.C. Male and female Drosphila stem cells: two versions of immortality. Science 2007, 316:402-404.
52. Fuster J.J., Andrés V. Telomere biology and cardiovascular disease. Circ. Res. 2006, 99:1167-1180.
53. Geiger H., Van Zant G. The aging of lympho-hematopoietic stem cells. Nat. Immunol. 2002, 3:329-333.
54. Germani A., Limana F., Capogrossi M.C. Activation of the local regenerative system of the heart. Cardiovascular Regeneration and Stem Cell Therapy 2007, 95-102. Blackwell Futura, Malden, MA. A. Leri, P. Anversa, W.H. Frishman (Eds.).
55. Gilboa L., Lehmann R. Soma-germline interactions coordinate homeostasis and growth in the Drosophila gonad. Nature (London) 2006, 443:97-100.
56. Gomer R.H. Not being the wrong size. Nature (London) 2001, 2:48-54.
57. González-Reyes A. Stem cells, niches and cadherins: a view from Drosophila. J. Cell Sci. 2003, 116:949-954.
58. Goodell M.A., Brose K., Paradis G., Conner A.S., Mulligan R.C. Isolation and functional properties of murine hematopoietic stem cells that are replicating in vivo. J. Exp. Med. 1996, 183:1797-1806.
59. Grego-Bessa J., Luna-Zurita L., Del Monte G., Bolós V., Melgar P., Arandilla A., Garratt A.N., Zang H., Yoh-Suke M., Chen H., Shou W., Ballestar E., Esteller M., Rojas A., Pérez-Pmares J.M., de la Pompa J.L. Notch signaling is essential for ventricular chamber development. Dev. Cell 2007, 12:415-429.
60. Guarente L., Kenyon C. Genetic pathways that regulate ageing in model organisms. Nature (London) 2000, 408:255-262.
61. Guerra S., Leri A., Wang X., Finato N., Di Loreto C., Beltrami C.A., Kajstura J., Anversa P. Myocyte death in the failing human heart is gender dependent. Circ. Res. 1999, 85:856-866.
62. Harley C.B., Futcher A.B., Greider C.W. Telomeres shorten during ageing of human fibroblasts. Nature (London) 1990, 345:458-460.
63. Harrison D., Astle C., Stone M. Numbers and functions of transplantable primitive immunohemotopoietic stem cells. Effects of age. J. Immunol. 1989, 142:3833-3840.
64. Hata S., Namae M., Nishina H. Liver development and regeneration: from laboratory study to clinical therapy. Dev. Growth Differ. 2007, 49:163-170.
65. Hayes S.M., Love P.E. Strength of signal: a fundamental mechanism for cell fate specification. Immunol. Rev. 2006, 209:170-175.
66. Hayflick L. The limited in vitro lifetime of human diploid cell strains. Exp. Cell Res. 1965, 37:614-636.
67. Heber-Katz E., Leferovich J., Bedelbaeva K., Gourevitch D., Clark L. The scarless heart and the MRL mouse. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 2004, 359:785-793.
68. Hemann M.T., Strong M.A., Hao L-Y., Greider C.W. The shortest telomere, not average telomere length, is critical for cell viability and chromosome stability. Cell 2001, 107:66-77.
69. Herbig U., Ferreira M., Condel L., Carey D., Sedivy J.M. Cellular senescence in aging primates. Science 2006, 311:1257.
70. Hipfner D.R., Cohen S.M. Connecting proliferation and apoptosis in development and disease. Mol. Cell Biol. 2004, 5:805-815.
71. Hosoda T., Bearzi C., Amano S., Rota M., Valentini S., Delucchi F., Tillmanns J., Nascimbene A., De Angelis A., Siggins R.W., Zias E., Quaini F., Urbanek K., Leri A., Kajstura J., Bolli R., Anversa P. Human cardiac progenitor cells regenerate cardiomyocytes and coronary vessels repairing the infarcted myocardium. Circulation 2006, 114:II-162-II-163.
72. Jafar-Nejad H., Norga K., Bellen H. Numb: "Adapting" Notch for endocytosis. Dev. Cell 2002, 3:155-156.
73. Jan Y.N., Jan L.Y. Asymmetric cell division. Nature (London) 1998, 392:775-778.
74. Janzen V., Forkert R., Fleming H.E., Saito Y., Waring M.T., Dombkowski D.M., Cheng T., DePinho R.A., Sharpless N.E., Scadden D.T. Stem-cell ageing modified by the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p16INK4a. Nature 2006, 443:421-426.
75. Jensen K.B., Watt F.M. Single-cell expression profiling of human epidermal stem and transit-amplifying cells: Lrig1 is a regulator of stem cell quiescence. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2006, 103:11958-11963.
76. Kai T., Spradling A. An empty Drosophila stem cell niche reactivates the proliferation of ectopic cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2003, 100:4633-4638.
77. Kajstura J., Cheng W., Sarangarajan R., Li P., Li B., Nitahara J.A., Chapnick S., Reiss K., Olivetti G., Anversa P. Necrotic and apoptotic myocyte cell death in the aging heart of Fischer 344 rats. Am. J. Physiol. 1996, 271:H1215-H1228.
78. Kajstura J., Leri A., Finato N., Di Loreto C., Beltrami C.A., Anversa P. Myocyte proliferation in end-stage cardiac failure in humans. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1998, 95:8801-8805.
79. Kajstura J., Pertoldi B., Leri A., Beltrami C.A., Deptala A., Darzynkiewicz Z., Anversa P. Telomere shortening is an in vivo marker of myocyte replication and aging. Am. J. Pathol. 2000, 156:813-819.
80. Kempermann G., Wiskott L., Gage F.H. Functional significance of adult neurogenesis. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 2004, 14:186-191.
81. Kiel M.J., Morrison S.J. Maintaining hematopoietic stem cells in the vascular niche. Immunity 2006, 25:862-864.
82. Kirkwood T.B. Intrinsic ageing of gut epithelial stem cells. Mech. Ageing Dev. 2004, 125:911-915.
83. Krause D.S. Regulation of hematopoietic stem cell fate. Oncogene 2002, 21:3262-3269.
84. Lakatta E.G. Arterial and cardiac aging: major shareholders in cardiovascular disease enterprises: Part III: cellular and molecular clues to heart and arterial aging. Circulation 2003, 107:490-497.
85. Lakatta E.G., Levy D. Arterial and cardiac aging: major shareholders in cardiovascular disease enterprises: Part I: aging arteries: a "set up" for vascular diseases. Circulation 2003, 107:139-146.
86. Lakatta E.G., Levy D. Arterial and cardiac aging: major shareholders in cardiovascular disease enterprises: Part II: the aging heart in health: links to heart disease. Circulation 2003, 107:346-354.
87. Lansdorp P.M., Verwoerd N.P., van de Rijke R.M., Dragowska V., Little M.T., Dirks R.W., Raap A.K., Tanke H.J. Heterogeneity in telomere length of human chromosomes. Hum. Mol. Genet. 1996, 5:685-691.
88. Leferovich J.M., Bedelbaeva K., Samulewicz S., Zhang X.M., Zwas D., Lankford E.B., Heber-Katz E. Heart regeneration in adult MRL mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2001, 98:9830-9835.
89. Leong F.T., Freeman L.J. Acute renal infarction. J. R. Soc. Med. 2005, 98:121-122.
90. Leri A., Claudio P.P., Li Q., Wang X., Reiss K., Wang S., Malhotra A., Kajstura J., Anversa P. Stretch-mediated release of angiotensin II induces myocyte apoptosis by activating p53 that enhances the local renin-angiotensin system and decreases the Bcl-2-to-Bax protein ratio in the cell. J. Clin. Invest. 1998, 101:1326-1342.
91. Leri A., Malhotra A., Liew C.C., Kajstura J., Anversa P. Telomerase activity in rat cardiac myocytes is age and gender dependent. J. Mol. Cell Cardiol. 2000, 32:385-390.
92. Leri A., Barlucchi L., Limana F., Deptala A., Darzynkiewicz Z., Hintze T.H., Kajstura J., Nadal-Ginard B., Anversa P. Telomerase expression and activity are coupled with myocyte proliferation and preservation of telomeric length in the failing heart. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2001, 98:8626-8631.
93. Leri A., Franco S., Zacheo A., Barlucchi L., Chimenti S., Limana F., Nadal-Ginard B., Kajstura J., Anversa P., Blasco M.A. Ablation of telomerase and telomere loss leads to cardiac dilation and heart failure associated with p53 up regulation. EMBO. J. 2003, 22:131-139.
94. Leri A., Kajstura J., Anversa P. Cardiac stem cells and mechanisms of myocardial regeneration. Physiol. Rev. 2005, 85:1373-1416.
95. Leri A., Boni A., Siggins R.W., Nascimbene A., Hosoda T. Cardiac stem cells and their niches. Cardiovascular Regeneration and Stem Cell Therapy 2007, 87-94. Blackwell Futura, Malden, MA. A. Leri, P. Anversa, W.H. Frishman (Eds.).
96. Limana F., Urbanek K., Chimenti S., Quaini F., Leri A., Kajstura J., Nadal-Ginard B., Izumo S., Anversa P. Bcl-2 overexpression promotes myocyte proliferation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2002, 99:6257-6262.
97. Linke A., Müller P., Nurzynska D., Casarsa C., Torella D., Nascimbene A., Castaldo C., Cascapera S., Böhm M., Quaini F., Urbanek K., Leri A., Hintze T.H., Kajstura J., Anversa P. Stem cells in the dog heart are self-renewing, clonogenic, and multipotent and regenerate infarcted myocardium, improving cardiac function. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2005, 102:8966-8971.
98. Lupo G., Harris W.A., Lewis K.E. Mechanisms of ventral patterning in the vertebrate nervous system. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2006, 7:103-114.
99. Mackool R.J., Gittes G.K., Longaker M.T. Scarless healing. The fetal wound. Clin. Plast. Surg. 1998, 25:357-365.
100. MacLellan W.R., Schneider M.D. Genetic dissection of cardiac growth control pathways. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 2000, 62:289-319.
101. Maier B., Gluba W., Bernier B., Turner T., Mohammad K., Guise T., Sutherland A., Thorner M., Scrable H. Modulation of mammalian life span by the short isoform of p53. Genes Dev. 2004, 18:306-319.
102. Mallat Z., Tedgui A., Fontaliran F., Frank R., Durigon M., Fontaine G. Evidence of apoptosis in arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia. N. Engl. J. Med. 1996, 335:1190-1196.
103. Marsh J.C. Bone marrow failure syndromes. Clin. Med. 2005, 5:332-336.
104. Martens U.M., Zijlmans J.M., Poon S.S., Dragowska W., Yui J., Chavez E.A., Ward R.K., Lansdorp P.M. Short telomeres on human chromosome 17p. Nat. Genet. 1998, 18:76-80.
105. Martin C.M., Meeson A.P., Robertson S.M., Hawke T.J., Richardson J.A., Bates S., Goetsch S.C., Gallardo T.D., Garry D.J. Persistent expression of the ATP-binding cassette transporter, Abcg2, identifies cardiac SP cells in the developing and adult heart. Dev. Biol. 2004, 265:262-275.
106. Masaki H., Ide H. Regeneration potency of mouse limbs. Dev. Growth Differ. 2007, 49:89-98.
107. Matsuura K., Nagai T., Nishigaki N., Oyama T., Nishi J., Wada H., Sano M., Toko H., Akazawa H., Sato T., Nakaya H., Kasanuki H., Komuro I. Adult cardiac Sca-1 positive cells differentiate into beating cardiomyocytes. J. Biol. Chem. 2004, 279:11384-11391.
108. Mills J.C., Gordon J.I. The intestinal stem cell niche: there grows the neighborhood. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2001, 98:12334-12336.
109. Mori A., Hashino S., Kobayashi S., Tanaka J., Yamamoto Y., Asaka M., Imamura M. Avascular necrosis in the femoral head secondary to bone marrow infarction in a patient with graft-versus-host disease after unrelated bone marrow transplantation. Ann. Hematol. 2001, 80:238-242.
110. Morrison S.J., Prowse K.R., Ho P., Weissman I.L. Telomerase activity in hematopoietic cells is associated with self-renewal potential. Immunity 1996, 5:207-216.
111. Morrison S.J., Kimble J. Asymmetric and symmetric stem-cell divisions in development and cancer. Nature (London) 2006, 441:1068-1074.
112. Narayan S., Ezughah F., Standen G.R., Pawade J., Kennedy C.T. Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome associated with cutaneous infarction and deep venous thrombosis. Br. J. Dermatol. 2003, 148:817-820.
113. Narita M., Nuñez S., Heard E., Lin A.W., Hearn S.A., Spector D.L., Hannon G.J., Lowe S.W. Rb-mediated heterochromatin formation and silencing of E2F target genes during cellular senescence. Cell 2003, 113:703-716.
114. Narula J., Haider N., Virmani R., Di Salvo T.G., Kolodgie F.D., Hajjar R.J., Schmidt U., Smigran M.J., Dec G.W., Khaw B.A. Apoptosis in myocytes in end-stage heart failure. N. Engl. J. Med. 1996, 335:1182-1189.
115. Nilsson S.K., Dooner M.S., Tiarks C.Y., Weier H.U., Quesenberry P.J. Potential and distribution of transplanted hematopoietic stem cells in a nonablated mouse model. Blood 1997, 89:40120-40130.
116. Nishimura E.K., Jordan S.A., Oshima H., Yoshida H., Osawa M., Moriyama M., Jackson I.J., Barrandon Y., Miyachit Y., Nishikawa S.-I. Dominant role of the niche in melanocyte stem-cell fate determination. Nature 2002, 416:854-860.
117. Nye H.L., Cameron J.A., Chernoff E.A., Stocum D.L. Regeneration of the urodele limb: a review. Dev. Dyn. 2003, 226:280-294.
118. Oh H., Taffet G.E., Youker K.A., Entman M.L., Overbeek P.A., Michael L.H., Schneider M.D. Telomerase reverse transcriptase promotes cardiac muscle cell proliferation, hypertrophy, and survival. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2001, 98:10308-10313.
119. Oh H., Bradfute S.B., Gallardo T.D., Nakamura T., Gaussin V., Mishina Y., Pocius J., Michael L.H., Behringer R.R., Garry D.J., Entman N.L., Schneider M.D. Cardiac progenitor cells from adult myocardium: homing, differentiation, and fusion after infarction. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2003, 100:12313-12318.
120. Olivetti G., Melissari M., Capasso J.M., Anversa P. Cardiomyopathy of the aging human heart. Myocyte loss and reactive cellular hypertrophy. Circ. Res. 1991, 68:1560-1568.
121. Olivetti G., Melissari M., Balbi T., Quaini F., Sonnenblick E.H., Anversa P. Myocyte nuclear and possible cellular hyperplasia contribute to ventricular remodeling in the hypertrophic senescent heart in humans. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1994, 24:140-149.
122. Olivetti G., Giordano G., Corradi D., Melissari M., Lagrasta C., Gambert S.R., Anversa P. Gender differences and aging: effects on the human heart. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1995, 26:1068-1079.
123. Olivetti G., Abbi R., Quaini F., Kajstura J., Cheng W., Nitahara J.A., Quaini E., Di Loreto C., Beltrami C.A., Krajewski S., Reed J.C., Anversa P. Apoptosis in the failing human heart. N. Engl. J. Med. 1997, 336:1131-1141.
124. Oshima H., Rochat A., Kedzia C., Kobayashi K., Barrandon Y. Morphogenesis and renewal of hair follicles from adult multipotent stem cells. Cell 2001, 104:233-245.
125. Ostler E.L., Wallis C.V., Sheerin A.N., Faragher R.G. A model for the phenotypic presentation of Werner's syndrome. Exp. Gerontol. 2002, 37:285-292.
126. Pfeffer M.A., Braunwald E. Ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction. Experimental observations and clinical implications. Circulation 1990, 81:1161-1172.
127. + cardiac side population cells exhibit functional cardiomyogenic differentiation. Circ. Res. 2005, 97:52-61.
128. Pignolo R.J., Martin B.G., Horton J.H., Kalbach A.N., Cristofalo V.J. The pathway of cell senescence: WI-38 cells arrest in late G1 and are unable to traverse the cell cycle from a true G0 state. Exp. Gerontol. 1998, 33:67-80.
129. Pignolo R.J., Francis M.K., Rotenberg M.O., Cristofalo V.J. Putative role for EPC-1/PEDF in the G0 growth arrest of human diploid fibroblasts. J. Cell Physiol. 2003, 195:12-20.
130. Pimentel D.R., Amin J.K., Xiao L., Miller T., Viereck J., Oliver-Krasinski J., Baliga R., Wang J., Siwik D.A., Singh K., Pagano P., Colucci W.S., Sawyer D.B. Reactive oxygen species mediate amplitude-dependent hypertrophic and apoptotic responses to mechanical stretch in cardiac myocytes. Circ. Res. 2001, 89:453-460.
131. Potten C.S., Wichmann H.E., Loeffler M., Dobek K. Evidence for discrete cell kinetic subpopulations in mouse epidermis based on mathematical analysis. Cell Tissue Kinet. 1982, 15:305-329.
132. Quesenberry P.J., Colvin G., Abedi M. Perspective: fundamental and clinical concepts on stem cell homing and engraftment: a journey to niches and beyond. Exp. Hematol. 2005, 33:9-19.
133. Rhyu M.S., Jan L.Y., Jan Y.N. Asymmetric distribution of numb protein during division of the sensory organ precursor cell confers distinct fates to daughter cells. Cell 1994, 76:4770-4791.
134. Rosenblatt-Velin N., Lepore M.G., Cartoni C., Beermann F., Pedrazzini T. FGF-2 controls the differentiation of resident cardiac precursors into functional cardiomyocytes. J. Clin. Invest. 2005, 115:1723-1724.
135. Rota M., LeCapitaine N., Hosoda T., Boni A., De Angelis A., Padin-Iruegas M.E., Esposito G., Vitale S., Urbanek K., Casarsa C., Giorgio M., Lüscher T.F., Pelicci P.G., Anversa P., Leri A., Kajstura J. Diabetes promotes cardiac stem cell aging and heart failure, which are prevented by deletion of p66shc gene. Circ. Res. 2006, 99:42-52.
136. Rubart M., Field L.J. Cardiac regeneration: repopulating the heart. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 2006, 68:29-49.
137. Rumyantsev P.P. Interrelations of the proliferation and differentiation processes during cardiac myogenesis and regeneration. Int. Rev. Cytol. 1977, 51:186-273.
138. Rutten B.P., Korr H., Steinbusch H.W., Schmitz C. The aging brain: less neurons could be better. Mech. Ageing Dev. 2003, 124:349-355.
139. Sadoshima J., Xu Y., Slayter H.S., Izumo S. Autocrine release of angiotensin II mediates stretch-induced hypertrophy of cardiac myocytes in vitro. Cell 1993, 75:977-984.
140. Savill N.J. Mathematical models of hierarchically structured cell populations under equilibrium with application to the epidermis. Cell Prolif. 2003, 36:1-26.
141. Scadden D.T. The stem-cell niche as an entity of action. Nature (London) 2006, 441:1075-1079.
142. Schofield R. The relationship between the spleen colony-forming cell and the haemopoietic stem cell. Blood Cells 1978, 4:7-25.
143. Shen Q., Zhong W., Jan Y.N., Temple S. Asymmetric Numb distribution is critical for asymmetric cell division of mouse cerebral cortical stem cells and neuroblasts. Development (Cambridge, UK) 2002, 129:4843-4853.
144. Sherr C.J. Principles of tumor suppression. Cell 2004, 116:235-246.
145. Sherr C.J., DePinho R.A. Cellular senescence: mitotic clock or culture shock?. Cell 2000, 102:407-410.
146. Silver J., Miller J.H. Regeneration beyond the glial scar. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2004, 5:146-156.
147. Smith R., Ruckdeschel B.S., Barile L.P., Cho H.C., Michelle K., Hare J.M., Messina E., Giacomello A., Abraham M.R., Marban E. Regenerative potential of cardiosphere-derived cells expanded from percutaneous endomyocardial biopsy specimens. Circulation 2007, 115:896-908.
148. Spradling A., Drummond-Barbosa D., Kai T. Stem cells find their niche. Nature 2001, 414:98-104.
149. Stewart F.M., Crittenden R.B., Lowry P.A., Pearson-White S., Quesenberry P.J. Long-term engraftment of normal and post-5-fluoro-uracil murine marrow into normal nonmyeloblated mice. Blood 1993, 81:2566-2571.
150. Syed V., Hecht N.B. Selective loss of Sertoli cell and germ cell function leads to a disruption in Sertoli cell-germ cell communication during aging in the brown Norway rat. Biol. Reprod. 2001, 64:107-112.
151. Tomita Y., Matsumura K., Wakamatsu Y., Matsuzaki Y., Shibuya I., Kawaguchi H., Ieda M., Kanakubo S., Shimazaki T., Ogawa S., Osumi N., Okano H., Fukuda K. Cardiac neural crest cells contribute to the dormant multipotent stem cells in the mammalian heart. J. Cell Biol. 2005, 170:1135-1146.
152. Torella D., Rota M., Nurzynska D., Musso E., Monsen A., Shiraishi I., Zias E., Walsh K., Rosenzweig A., Sussman M.A., Urbanek K., Nadal-Ginard B., Kajstura J., Anversa P., Leri A. Cardiac stem cell and myocyte aging, heart failure, and insulin-like growth factor-1 overexpression. Circ. Res. 2004, 94:514-524.
153. Tresini M., Pignolo R.J., Allen R.G., Cristofalo V.J. Effects of donor age on the expression of a marker of replicative senescence (EPC-1) in human dermal fibroblasts. J. Cell Physiol. 1999, 179:11-17.
154. Troen B.R. The biology of aging. Mt. Sinai. J. Med. 2003, 70:3-22.
155. Tumbar T., Guasch G., Greco V., Blanpain C., Lowry W.E., Rendl M., Fuchs E. Defining the epithelial stem cell niche in skin. Science 2004, 303:359-363.
156. Turrens J.F. Mitochondrial formation of reactive oxygen species. J. Physiol. 2003, 552:335-344.
157. Urbanek K., Quaini F., Tasca G., Torella D., Castaldo C., Nadal-Ginard B., Leri A., Kajstura J., Quaini E., Anversa P. Intense myocyte formation from cardiac stem cells in human cardiac hypertrophy. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2003, 100:10440-10445.
158. Urbanek K., Rota M., Cascapera S., Bearzi C., Nascimbene A., De Angelis A., Hosoda T., Chimenti S., Baker M., Limana F., Nurzynska D., Torella D., Rotatori F., Rastaldo R., Musso E., Quaini F., Leri A., Kajstura J., Anversa P. Cardiac stem cells possess growth factor-receptor systems that after activation regenerate the infarcted myocardium, improving ventricular function and long-term survival. Circ. Res. 2005, 97:663-673.
159. Urbanek K., Torella D., Sheikh F., De Angelis A., Nurzynska D., Silvestri F., Beltrami C.A., Bussani R., Beltrami A.P., Quaini F., Bolli R., Leri A., Kajstura J., Anversa P. Myocardial regeneration by activation of multipotent cardiac stem cells in ischemic heart failure. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2005, 102:8692-8697.
160. Urbanek K., Cesselli D., Rota M., Nascimbene A., De Angelis A., Hosoda T., Bearzi C., Boni A., Bolli R., Kajstura J., Anversa P., Leri A. Stem cell niches in the adult mouse heart. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2006, 103:9226-9231.
161. Van Ziffle J.A., Baerlocher G.M., Lansdorp P.M. Telomere length in subpopulations of human hematopoietic cells. Stem Cells 2003, 21:654-660.
162. Vaziri H., Dragowska W., Allsopp R.C., Thomas T.E., Harley C.B., Lansdorp P.M. Evidence for a mitotic clock in human hemato-poietic stem cells: loss of telomeric DNA with age. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1994, 91:9857-9860.
163. Verfaillie C.M. "Adult" stem cells: tissue specific or not?. Handbook of Stem Cells 2004, 13-20. Elsevier Academic Press, New York, NY. R. Lanza, H. Blau, D. Melton, M. Moore, E. Donnall Thomas, C. Verfaillie, I. Weissman, M. West (Eds.).
164. Von Zglinicki T. Oxidative stress shortens telomeres. Trends Biochem. Sci. 2002, 27:339-344.
165. Wang J.C., Warner J.K., Erdmann N., Lansdorp P.M., Harrington L., Dick J.E. Dissociation of telomerase activity and telomere length maintenance in primitive human hematopoietic cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2005, 102:14398-14403.
166. Watt F.M., Hogan B.L. Out of Eden: stem cells and their niches. Science 2000, 287:1427-1438.
167. Weng N.P. Aging of the immune system: how much can the adaptive immune system adapt?. Immunity 2006, 24:495-499.
168. Whetton A.D., Graham G.J. Homing and mobilization in the stem cell niche. Trends Cell Biol. 1999, 9:233-238.
169. Wodarz D. Effect of stem cell turnover rates on protection against cancer and aging. J. Theoretical Biol. 2007, 245:449-458.
170. Wood W.B. Aging of C. elegans: mosaics and mechanisms. Cell 1998, 95:147-150.
171. Xiao R.P., Cheng H., Zhou Y.Y., Kuschel M., Lakatta E.G. Recent advances in cardiac beta(2)-adrenergic signal transduction. Circ. Res. 1999, 85:1092-1100.
172. Xie T., Li L. Stem cells and their niche: an inseparable relationship. Development (Cambridge, UK) 2007, 134:2001-2006.
173. Zhong J.F., Zhan Y., Anderson W.F., Zhao Y. Murine hemato-poietic stem cell distribution and proliferation in ablated and nonablated bone marrow transplantation. Blood 2002, 100:3521-3526.
174. Zhong W. Diversifying neural cells through order of birth and asymmetry of division. Neuron 2003, 37:11-14.
175. Zhou S., Schuetz J.D., Bunting K.D., Colapietro A.M., Sampath J., Morris J.J., Lagutina I., Grosveld G.C., Osawa M., Nakauchi H., Sorrentino B.P. The ABC transporter Bcrp1/ABCG2 is expressed in a wide variety of stem cells and is a molecular determinant of the side-population phenotype. Nat. Med. 2001, 7:1028-1034.