메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 114, Issue , 2013, Pages 35-47

Pharmacology of myopia and potential role for intrinsic retinal circadian rhythms

Author keywords

Acetylcholine; Ametropia; Circadian rhythms; Clock genes; Dopamine; Emmetropia; Myopia; Retina

Indexed keywords

ACETYLCHOLINE; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; ATROPINE; DOPAMINE; MELANOPSIN; MELATONIN RECEPTOR; MUSCARINIC RECEPTOR; NICOTINIC RECEPTOR;

EID: 84881313032     PISSN: 00144835     EISSN: 10960007     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2013.01.001     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (145)

References (222)
  • 2
    • 33745651837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Light pollution, reproductive function and cancer risk
    • Anisimov V.N. Light pollution, reproductive function and cancer risk. Neuro Endocrinol. Lett. 2006, 27:35-52.
    • (2006) Neuro Endocrinol. Lett. , vol.27 , pp. 35-52
    • Anisimov, V.N.1
  • 3
    • 84871682638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1 receptor-based pathways in the inhibition of experimentally-induced axial myopia in the tree shrew
    • 1 receptor-based pathways in the inhibition of experimentally-induced axial myopia in the tree shrew. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2012, 53:5827-5837.
    • (2012) Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. , vol.53 , pp. 5827-5837
    • Arumugam, B.1    McBrien, N.A.2
  • 4
    • 34347343878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amuscarinic cholinergic antagonist and a dopamine agonist rapidly increase ZENK mRNA expression in the form-deprived chicken retina
    • Ashby R., McCarthy C.S., Maleszka R., Megaw P., Morgan I.G. Amuscarinic cholinergic antagonist and a dopamine agonist rapidly increase ZENK mRNA expression in the form-deprived chicken retina. Exp. Eye Res. 2007, 85:15-22.
    • (2007) Exp. Eye Res. , vol.85 , pp. 15-22
    • Ashby, R.1    McCarthy, C.S.2    Maleszka, R.3    Megaw, P.4    Morgan, I.G.5
  • 5
    • 77954029179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of ambient illuminance on the development of deprivation myopia in chicks
    • Ashby R., Ohlendorf A., Schaeffel F. The effect of ambient illuminance on the development of deprivation myopia in chicks. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2009, 50:5348-5354.
    • (2009) Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. , vol.50 , pp. 5348-5354
    • Ashby, R.1    Ohlendorf, A.2    Schaeffel, F.3
  • 6
    • 77955886119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene expression within the amacrine cell layer of chicks after myopic and hyperopic defocus
    • Ashby R.S., Feldkaemper M.P. Gene expression within the amacrine cell layer of chicks after myopic and hyperopic defocus. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2010, 51:3726-3735.
    • (2010) Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. , vol.51 , pp. 3726-3735
    • Ashby, R.S.1    Feldkaemper, M.P.2
  • 7
    • 77958149271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of bright light on lens compensation in chicks
    • Ashby R.S., Schaeffel F. The effect of bright light on lens compensation in chicks. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2010, 51:5247-5253.
    • (2010) Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. , vol.51 , pp. 5247-5253
    • Ashby, R.S.1    Schaeffel, F.2
  • 8
    • 73749083063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melanopsin and inner retinal photoreception
    • Bailes H.J., Lucas R.J. Melanopsin and inner retinal photoreception. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 2010, 67:99-111.
    • (2010) Cell. Mol. Life Sci. , vol.67 , pp. 99-111
    • Bailes, H.J.1    Lucas, R.J.2
  • 9
    • 32944474009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melanopsin regulates visual processing in the mouse retina
    • Barnard A.R., Hattar S., Hankins Mark W., Lucas R.J. Melanopsin regulates visual processing in the mouse retina. Curr. Biol. 2006, 16:389-395.
    • (2006) Curr. Biol. , vol.16 , pp. 389-395
    • Barnard, A.R.1    Hattar, S.2    Hankins, M.W.3    Lucas, R.J.4
  • 11
    • 0028388766 scopus 로고
    • Constant light affects retinal dopamine levels and blocks deprivation myopia but not lens-induced refractive errors in chickens
    • Bartmann M., Schaeffel F., Hagel G., Zrenner E. Constant light affects retinal dopamine levels and blocks deprivation myopia but not lens-induced refractive errors in chickens. Vis. Neurosci. 1994, 11:199-208.
    • (1994) Vis. Neurosci. , vol.11 , pp. 199-208
    • Bartmann, M.1    Schaeffel, F.2    Hagel, G.3    Zrenner, E.4
  • 12
    • 0036619442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal changes in adiposity: the roles of the photoperiod, melatonin and other hormones, and sympathetic nervous system
    • Bartness T.J., Demas G.E., Song C.K. Seasonal changes in adiposity: the roles of the photoperiod, melatonin and other hormones, and sympathetic nervous system. Exp. Biol. Med. 2012, 227:363-376.
    • (2012) Exp. Biol. Med. , vol.227 , pp. 363-376
    • Bartness, T.J.1    Demas, G.E.2    Song, C.K.3
  • 14
    • 80053604736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for hyperopia and myopia in preschool children: the Multi-Ethnic Pediatric Eye Disease and Baltimore Pediatric Eye Disease Studies
    • Joint Writing Committee for the Multi-Ethnic Pediatric Eye Disease Study and the Baltimore Pediatric Eye Disease Study Groups
    • Borchert M.S., Varma R., Cotter S.A., Tarczy-Hornoch K., McKean-Cowdin R., Lin J.H., Wen G., Azen S.P., Torres M., Tielsch J., Friedman D.S., Repka M.X., Katz J., Ibironke J., Giordano L. Risk factors for hyperopia and myopia in preschool children: the Multi-Ethnic Pediatric Eye Disease and Baltimore Pediatric Eye Disease Studies. Ophthalmology 2011, 118:1966-1973. Joint Writing Committee for the Multi-Ethnic Pediatric Eye Disease Study and the Baltimore Pediatric Eye Disease Study Groups.
    • (2011) Ophthalmology , vol.118 , pp. 1966-1973
    • Borchert, M.S.1    Varma, R.2    Cotter, S.A.3    Tarczy-Hornoch, K.4    McKean-Cowdin, R.5    Lin, J.H.6    Wen, G.7    Azen, S.P.8    Torres, M.9    Tielsch, J.10    Friedman, D.S.11    Repka, M.X.12    Katz, J.13    Ibironke, J.14    Giordano, L.15
  • 16
    • 0021681877 scopus 로고
    • The treatment of myopia with atropine and bifocals: a long-term prospective study
    • Brodstein R.S., Brodstein D.E., Olson R.J., Hunt S.C., Williams R.R. The treatment of myopia with atropine and bifocals: a long-term prospective study. Ophthalmology 1984, 91:1373-1379.
    • (1984) Ophthalmology , vol.91 , pp. 1373-1379
    • Brodstein, R.S.1    Brodstein, D.E.2    Olson, R.J.3    Hunt, S.C.4    Williams, R.R.5
  • 17
    • 84887401864 scopus 로고
    • Sight saving class work from the standpoint of the American Ophthalmological Society and the National Society for the Prevention of Blindness
    • Brown E.B.L., Carris L.H. Sight saving class work from the standpoint of the American Ophthalmological Society and the National Society for the Prevention of Blindness. Trans. Am. Ophthalmol. Soc. 1930, 28:155-168.
    • (1930) Trans. Am. Ophthalmol. Soc. , vol.28 , pp. 155-168
    • Brown, E.B.L.1    Carris, L.H.2
  • 19
  • 20
    • 84871706602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diurnal rhythms of spherical refractive error, optical axial length and power in the chick
    • Campbell M.C.W., Bunghardt K., Kisilak M.L., Irving E.L. Diurnal rhythms of spherical refractive error, optical axial length and power in the chick. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2012, 53:6245-6253.
    • (2012) Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. , vol.53 , pp. 6245-6253
    • Campbell, M.C.W.1    Bunghardt, K.2    Kisilak, M.L.3    Irving, E.L.4
  • 21
    • 0031774720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International union of pharmacology. XVII.Classification of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors
    • Caulfield M.P., Birdsall N.J.M. International union of pharmacology. XVII.Classification of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Pharmacol. Rev. 1998, 50:279-290.
    • (1998) Pharmacol. Rev. , vol.50 , pp. 279-290
    • Caulfield, M.P.1    Birdsall, N.J.M.2
  • 24
    • 84856515616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atropine for the treatment of childhood myopia: safety and efficacy of 0.5%, 0.1%, and 0.01 doses (Atropine for the Treatment of Myopia 2)
    • Chia A., Chua W.-H., Cheung Y.-B., Wong W.-L., Lingham A., Fong A., Tan D. Atropine for the treatment of childhood myopia: safety and efficacy of 0.5%, 0.1%, and 0.01 doses (Atropine for the Treatment of Myopia 2). Ophthalmology 2012, 119:347-354.
    • (2012) Ophthalmology , vol.119 , pp. 347-354
    • Chia, A.1    Chua, W.-H.2    Cheung, Y.-B.3    Wong, W.-L.4    Lingham, A.5    Fong, A.6    Tan, D.7
  • 26
    • 0038160932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The first world Atlas of the artificial night sky brightness
    • Cinzano P., Falchi F., Elvidge C.D. The first world Atlas of the artificial night sky brightness. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 2001, 328:689-707.
    • (2001) Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. , vol.328 , pp. 689-707
    • Cinzano, P.1    Falchi, F.2    Elvidge, C.D.3
  • 27
    • 51849087137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Light intensity modulated corneal power and refraction in the chick eye exposed to continuous light
    • Cohen Y., Belkin M., Yehezkel O., Avni I., Polat U. Light intensity modulated corneal power and refraction in the chick eye exposed to continuous light. Vision Res. 2008, 48:2329-2335.
    • (2008) Vision Res. , vol.48 , pp. 2329-2335
    • Cohen, Y.1    Belkin, M.2    Yehezkel, O.3    Avni, I.4    Polat, U.5
  • 28
    • 78650575504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dependency between light intensity and refractive development under light-dark cycles
    • Cohen Y., Belkin M., Yehezkel O., Solomon A.S., Polat U. Dependency between light intensity and refractive development under light-dark cycles. Exp. Eye Res. 2011, 92:40-46.
    • (2011) Exp. Eye Res. , vol.92 , pp. 40-46
    • Cohen, Y.1    Belkin, M.2    Yehezkel, O.3    Solomon, A.S.4    Polat, U.5
  • 29
    • 84865544234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ambient illuminance, retinal dopamine release and refractive development in chicks
    • Cohen Y., Peleg E., Belkin M., Polat U., Solomon A.S. Ambient illuminance, retinal dopamine release and refractive development in chicks. Exp. Eye Res. 2012, 103:33-40.
    • (2012) Exp. Eye Res. , vol.103 , pp. 33-40
    • Cohen, Y.1    Peleg, E.2    Belkin, M.3    Polat, U.4    Solomon, A.S.5
  • 30
    • 0034784611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diisopropylfluorophosphate alters retinal neurotransmitter levels and reduces experimentally-induced myopia
    • Cottriall C.L., Brew J., Vessey K.A., McBrien N.A. Diisopropylfluorophosphate alters retinal neurotransmitter levels and reduces experimentally-induced myopia. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch. Pharmacol. 2001, 364:372-382.
    • (2001) Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch. Pharmacol. , vol.364 , pp. 372-382
    • Cottriall, C.L.1    Brew, J.2    Vessey, K.A.3    McBrien, N.A.4
  • 31
    • 0029665461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The M1 muscarinic antagonist pirenzepine reduces myopia and eye enlargement in the tree shrew
    • Cottriall C.L., McBrien N.A. The M1 muscarinic antagonist pirenzepine reduces myopia and eye enlargement in the tree shrew. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 1996, 37:1368-1379.
    • (1996) Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. , vol.37 , pp. 1368-1379
    • Cottriall, C.L.1    McBrien, N.A.2
  • 34
    • 33744467995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Refractive errors among students occupying rooms lighted with incandescent or fluorescent lamps
    • Czepita D., Goslawski W., Mojsa A. Refractive errors among students occupying rooms lighted with incandescent or fluorescent lamps. Ann. Acad. Med. Stetin. 2004, 50:51-54.
    • (2004) Ann. Acad. Med. Stetin. , vol.50 , pp. 51-54
    • Czepita, D.1    Goslawski, W.2    Mojsa, A.3
  • 35
    • 33748999041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occurrence of refractive errors among students who before the age of two grew up under the influence of light emitted by incandescent or fluorescent lamps
    • Czepita D., Goslawski W., Mojsa A. Occurrence of refractive errors among students who before the age of two grew up under the influence of light emitted by incandescent or fluorescent lamps. Ann. Acad. Med. Stetin. 2005, 51:33-36.
    • (2005) Ann. Acad. Med. Stetin. , vol.51 , pp. 33-36
    • Czepita, D.1    Goslawski, W.2    Mojsa, A.3
  • 36
    • 0020382751 scopus 로고
    • Environmental factors in the epidemiology of malignant myopia
    • Daubs J. Environmental factors in the epidemiology of malignant myopia. Am. J. Optom. Physiol. Opt. 1982, 59:271-277.
    • (1982) Am. J. Optom. Physiol. Opt. , vol.59 , pp. 271-277
    • Daubs, J.1
  • 37
    • 0021358897 scopus 로고
    • Some geographic, environmental and nutritive concomitants of malignant myopia
    • Daubs J.G. Some geographic, environmental and nutritive concomitants of malignant myopia. Ophthalmic Physiol. Opt. 1984, 4:143-149.
    • (1984) Ophthalmic Physiol. Opt. , vol.4 , pp. 143-149
    • Daubs, J.G.1
  • 38
    • 0028210467 scopus 로고
    • Ocular effects of organophosphates: a historical perspective of Saku disease
    • Dementi B. Ocular effects of organophosphates: a historical perspective of Saku disease. J.Appl. Toxicol. 1994, 14:119-129.
    • (1994) J.Appl. Toxicol. , vol.14 , pp. 119-129
    • Dementi, B.1
  • 39
    • 79952183788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Birth season, photoperiod, and infancy refraction
    • Deng L., Gwiazda J. Birth season, photoperiod, and infancy refraction. Optom. Vis. Sci. 2011, 88:383-387.
    • (2011) Optom. Vis. Sci. , vol.88 , pp. 383-387
    • Deng, L.1    Gwiazda, J.2
  • 40
    • 77953540250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Children's refractions and visual activities in the school year and summer
    • Deng L., Gwiazda J., Thorn F. Children's refractions and visual activities in the school year and summer. Optom. Vis. Sci. 2010, 87:406-413.
    • (2010) Optom. Vis. Sci. , vol.87 , pp. 406-413
    • Deng, L.1    Gwiazda, J.2    Thorn, F.3
  • 42
    • 66449126822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of light on human circadian physiology
    • Duffy J.F., Czeisler C.A. Effect of light on human circadian physiology. Sleep Med. Clin. 2009, 4:165-177.
    • (2009) Sleep Med. Clin. , vol.4 , pp. 165-177
    • Duffy, J.F.1    Czeisler, C.A.2
  • 43
    • 84862505107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Passive smoke exposure might be associated with hypermetropia
    • El-Shazly A.A. Passive smoke exposure might be associated with hypermetropia. Ophthalmic Physiol. Opt. 2012, 32:304-307.
    • (2012) Ophthalmic Physiol. Opt. , vol.32 , pp. 304-307
    • El-Shazly, A.A.1
  • 45
    • 0001688164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification and localization of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the ocular tissues of the chick
    • Fischer A.J., McKinnon L.A., Nathanson N.M., Stell W.K. Identification and localization of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the ocular tissues of the chick. J.Comp. Neurol. 1998, 392:273-284.
    • (1998) J.Comp. Neurol. , vol.392 , pp. 273-284
    • Fischer, A.J.1    McKinnon, L.A.2    Nathanson, N.M.3    Stell, W.K.4
  • 46
    • 0032565643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholinergic amacrine cells are not required for the progression and atropine-mediated suppression of form-deprivation myopia
    • Fischer A.J., Miethke P., Morgan I.G., Stell W.K. Cholinergic amacrine cells are not required for the progression and atropine-mediated suppression of form-deprivation myopia. Brain Res. 1998, 794:48-60.
    • (1998) Brain Res. , vol.794 , pp. 48-60
    • Fischer, A.J.1    Miethke, P.2    Morgan, I.G.3    Stell, W.K.4
  • 47
    • 84969699735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical factors in myopia and potential therapies
    • World Scientific, New Jersey, R.W. Beuerman, S.-M. Saw, D.T.H. Tan, T.-Y. Wong (Eds.)
    • Foulds W.S., Luu C.D. Physical factors in myopia and potential therapies. Myopia: Animal Models to Clinical Trials 2010, World Scientific, New Jersey. R.W. Beuerman, S.-M. Saw, D.T.H. Tan, T.-Y. Wong (Eds.).
    • (2010) Myopia: Animal Models to Clinical Trials
    • Foulds, W.S.1    Luu, C.D.2
  • 48
    • 84871653632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of refraction and ocular biometry in European Caucasian children living in Northern Ireland and Sydney, Australia
    • French A.N., O'Donoghue L., Morgan I.G., Saunders K.J., Mitchell P., Rose K.A. Comparison of refraction and ocular biometry in European Caucasian children living in Northern Ireland and Sydney, Australia. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2012, 53:4021-4031.
    • (2012) Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. , vol.53 , pp. 4021-4031
    • French, A.N.1    O'Donoghue, L.2    Morgan, I.G.3    Saunders, K.J.4    Mitchell, P.5    Rose, K.A.6
  • 49
    • 0036157571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal variation in myopia progression and ocular elongation
    • Fulk G.W., Cyert L.A., Parker D.A. Seasonal variation in myopia progression and ocular elongation. Optom. Vis. Sci. 2002, 79:46-51.
    • (2002) Optom. Vis. Sci. , vol.79 , pp. 46-51
    • Fulk, G.W.1    Cyert, L.A.2    Parker, D.A.3
  • 50
    • 78650086383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmaceutical intervention for myopia control
    • Ganesan P., Wildsoet C.F. Pharmaceutical intervention for myopia control. Expert Rev. Ophthalmol. 2010, 5:759-787.
    • (2010) Expert Rev. Ophthalmol. , vol.5 , pp. 759-787
    • Ganesan, P.1    Wildsoet, C.F.2
  • 52
    • 0030913639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscarinic receptor subtypes in human iris-ciliary body measured by immunoprecipitation
    • Gil D.W., Krauss H.A., Bogardus A.M., WoldeMussie E. Muscarinic receptor subtypes in human iris-ciliary body measured by immunoprecipitation. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 1997, 38:1434-1442.
    • (1997) Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. , vol.38 , pp. 1434-1442
    • Gil, D.W.1    Krauss, H.A.2    Bogardus, A.M.3    WoldeMussie, E.4
  • 53
    • 0030337662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ahistory of studies of visual accommodation in birds
    • Glasser A., Howland H.C. Ahistory of studies of visual accommodation in birds. Q.Rev. Biol. 1996, 71:475-509.
    • (1996) Q.Rev. Biol. , vol.71 , pp. 475-509
    • Glasser, A.1    Howland, H.C.2
  • 54
    • 77955601937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiology of circadian entrainment
    • Golombek D.A., Rosenstein R.E. Physiology of circadian entrainment. Physiol. Rev. 2010, 90:1063-1102.
    • (2010) Physiol. Rev. , vol.90 , pp. 1063-1102
    • Golombek, D.A.1    Rosenstein, R.E.2
  • 55
    • 0038408615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myopia, genetics, and ambient lighting at night in a UK sample
    • Guggenheim J.A., Hill C., Yam T.-F. Myopia, genetics, and ambient lighting at night in a UK sample. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 2003, 87:580-582.
    • (2003) Br. J. Ophthalmol. , vol.87 , pp. 580-582
    • Guggenheim, J.A.1    Hill, C.2    Yam, T.-F.3
  • 59
    • 0034624517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myopia and ambient night-time lighting
    • Gwiazda J., Ong E., Held R., Thorn F. Myopia and ambient night-time lighting. Nature 2000, 404:144.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.404 , pp. 144
    • Gwiazda, J.1    Ong, E.2    Held, R.3    Thorn, F.4
  • 60
    • 69749125755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myopia genetics: a review of current research and emerging trends
    • Hornbeak D.M., Young T.L. Myopia genetics: a review of current research and emerging trends. Curr. Opin. Ophthalmol. 2009, 20:356-362.
    • (2009) Curr. Opin. Ophthalmol. , vol.20 , pp. 356-362
    • Hornbeak, D.M.1    Young, T.L.2
  • 61
    • 79955715083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cholinergic system, circadian rhythmicity, and time memory
    • Hut R.A., Van der Zee E.A. The cholinergic system, circadian rhythmicity, and time memory. Behav. Brain Res. 2011, 221:466-480.
    • (2011) Behav. Brain Res. , vol.221 , pp. 466-480
    • Hut, R.A.1    Van der Zee, E.A.2
  • 62
    • 41149086378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of hyperopia and associations with eye findings in 6- and 12-year-olds
    • Ip J., Robaei D., Kifley A., Wang J.J., Rose K.A., Mitchell P. Prevalence of hyperopia and associations with eye findings in 6- and 12-year-olds. Ophthalmology 2008, 115:678-685.
    • (2008) Ophthalmology , vol.115 , pp. 678-685
    • Ip, J.1    Robaei, D.2    Kifley, A.3    Wang, J.J.4    Rose, K.A.5    Mitchell, P.6
  • 63
    • 0001253652 scopus 로고
    • Development of myopia following chronic organophosphate pesticide intoxication: an epidemiological and experimental study
    • Raven Press, New York, W.H. Merigan, B. Weiss (Eds.)
    • Ishikawa S., Miyata M. Development of myopia following chronic organophosphate pesticide intoxication: an epidemiological and experimental study. Neurotoxicity of the Visual System 1980, 233-254. Raven Press, New York. W.H. Merigan, B. Weiss (Eds.).
    • (1980) Neurotoxicity of the Visual System , pp. 233-254
    • Ishikawa, S.1    Miyata, M.2
  • 64
    • 0024916454 scopus 로고
    • Dopamine synthesis and metabolism in rhesus monkey retina: development, aging and the effects of monocular visual deprivation
    • Iuvone P.M., Tigges M., Fernandes A., Tigges J. Dopamine synthesis and metabolism in rhesus monkey retina: development, aging and the effects of monocular visual deprivation. Vis. Neurosci. 1989, 2:465-471.
    • (1989) Vis. Neurosci. , vol.2 , pp. 465-471
    • Iuvone, P.M.1    Tigges, M.2    Fernandes, A.3    Tigges, J.4
  • 65
    • 0025735618 scopus 로고
    • Effects of apomorphine, a dopamine receptor agonist, on ocular refraction and axial elongation in a primate model of myopia
    • Iuvone P.M., Tigges M., Stone R.A., Lambert S., Laties A.M. Effects of apomorphine, a dopamine receptor agonist, on ocular refraction and axial elongation in a primate model of myopia. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 1991, 32:1674-1677.
    • (1991) Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. , vol.32 , pp. 1674-1677
    • Iuvone, P.M.1    Tigges, M.2    Stone, R.A.3    Lambert, S.4    Laties, A.M.5
  • 66
  • 67
    • 79959994092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 4 receptor activation controls circadian timing of the adenylyl cyclase 1/cyclic AMP signaling system in mouse retina
    • 4 receptor activation controls circadian timing of the adenylyl cyclase 1/cyclic AMP signaling system in mouse retina. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2011, 34:57-64.
    • (2011) Eur. J. Neurosci. , vol.34 , pp. 57-64
    • Jackson, C.R.1    Chaurasia, S.S.2    Hwang, C.K.3    Iuvone, P.M.4
  • 69
    • 45549110078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does the level of physical activity in university students influence development and progression of myopia? - a 2-year prospective cohort study
    • Jacobsen N., Jensen H., Goldschmidt E. Does the level of physical activity in university students influence development and progression of myopia? - a 2-year prospective cohort study. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2008, 49:1322-1327.
    • (2008) Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. , vol.49 , pp. 1322-1327
    • Jacobsen, N.1    Jensen, H.2    Goldschmidt, E.3
  • 70
    • 0027945645 scopus 로고
    • Two populations of muscarinic binding sites in the chick heart distinguished by affinities for ligands and selective inactivation
    • Jakubik J., Tuček S. Two populations of muscarinic binding sites in the chick heart distinguished by affinities for ligands and selective inactivation. Br. J. Pharmacol. 1994, 113:1529-1537.
    • (1994) Br. J. Pharmacol. , vol.113 , pp. 1529-1537
    • Jakubik, J.1    Tuček, S.2
  • 71
    • 0001113225 scopus 로고
    • Enlargement of avian eye by subjecting chicks to continuous incandescent illumination
    • Jensen L.S., Matson W.E. Enlargement of avian eye by subjecting chicks to continuous incandescent illumination. Science 1957, 125:741.
    • (1957) Science , vol.125 , pp. 741
    • Jensen, L.S.1    Matson, W.E.2
  • 77
    • 0035097411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in time course and visual requirements of ocular responses to lenses and diffusers
    • Kee C.-s., Marzani D., Wallman J. Differences in time course and visual requirements of ocular responses to lenses and diffusers. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2001, 42:575-583.
    • (2001) Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. , vol.42 , pp. 575-583
    • Kee, C.-S.1    Marzani, D.2    Wallman, J.3
  • 80
    • 0029146248 scopus 로고
    • Pirenzepine prevents form deprivation myopia in a dose dependent manner
    • Leech E.M., Cottriall C.L., McBrien N.A. Pirenzepine prevents form deprivation myopia in a dose dependent manner. Ophthalmic Physiol. Opt. 1995, 15:351-356.
    • (1995) Ophthalmic Physiol. Opt. , vol.15 , pp. 351-356
    • Leech, E.M.1    Cottriall, C.L.2    McBrien, N.A.3
  • 81
    • 0033926505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diurnal illumination patterns affect the development of the chick eye
    • Li T., Howland H.C., Troilo D. Diurnal illumination patterns affect the development of the chick eye. Vision Res. 2000, 40:2387-2393.
    • (2000) Vision Res. , vol.40 , pp. 2387-2393
    • Li, T.1    Howland, H.C.2    Troilo, D.3
  • 82
    • 0028938162 scopus 로고
    • Constant light produces severe corneal flattening and hyperopia in chickens
    • Li T., Troilo D., Glasser A., Howland H.C. Constant light produces severe corneal flattening and hyperopia in chickens. Vision Res. 1995, 35:1203-1209.
    • (1995) Vision Res. , vol.35 , pp. 1203-1209
    • Li, T.1    Troilo, D.2    Glasser, A.3    Howland, H.C.4
  • 83
    • 3543094352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonists inhibit chick scleral chondrocytes
    • Lind G.J., Chew S.J., Marzani D., Wallman J. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonists inhibit chick scleral chondrocytes. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 1998, 39:2217-2231.
    • (1998) Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. , vol.39 , pp. 2217-2231
    • Lind, G.J.1    Chew, S.J.2    Marzani, D.3    Wallman, J.4
  • 86
    • 0031737183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Twenty-four-hour change in axial length in the rabbit eye
    • Liu J.H.K., Farid H. Twenty-four-hour change in axial length in the rabbit eye. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 1998, 39:2796-2799.
    • (1998) Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. , vol.39 , pp. 2796-2799
    • Liu, J.H.K.1    Farid, H.2
  • 89
    • 66949153951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associations between near work, outdoor activity, and myopia among adolescent students in rural China: the Xichang Pediatric Refractive Error Study Report No. 2
    • Lu B., Congdon N., Liu X., Choi K., Lam D.S.C., Zhang M., Zheng M., Zhou Z., Li L., Liu X., Sharma A., Song Y. Associations between near work, outdoor activity, and myopia among adolescent students in rural China: the Xichang Pediatric Refractive Error Study Report No. 2. Arch. Ophthalmol. 2009, 127:769-775.
    • (2009) Arch. Ophthalmol. , vol.127 , pp. 769-775
    • Lu, B.1    Congdon, N.2    Liu, X.3    Choi, K.4    Lam, D.S.C.5    Zhang, M.6    Zheng, M.7    Zhou, Z.8    Li, L.9    Liu, X.10    Sharma, A.11    Song, Y.12
  • 90
    • 0037334878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variable effects of previously untested muscarinic receptor antagonists on experimental myopia
    • Luft W.A., Ming Y., Stell W.K. Variable effects of previously untested muscarinic receptor antagonists on experimental myopia. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2003, 44:1330-1338.
    • (2003) Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. , vol.44 , pp. 1330-1338
    • Luft, W.A.1    Ming, Y.2    Stell, W.K.3
  • 91
    • 0035671840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The importance of genes and environment for ocular refraction and its determiners: a population based study among 20-45 year old twins
    • Lyhne N., Sjølie K.A., Kyvik K.O., Green A. The importance of genes and environment for ocular refraction and its determiners: a population based study among 20-45 year old twins. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 2001, 85:1470-1476.
    • (2001) Br. J. Ophthalmol. , vol.85 , pp. 1470-1476
    • Lyhne, N.1    Sjølie, K.A.2    Kyvik, K.O.3    Green, A.4
  • 92
    • 33645411221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transient axial length change during the accommodation response in young adults
    • Mallen E.A.H., Kashyap P., Hampson K.M. Transient axial length change during the accommodation response in young adults. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2006, 47:1251-1254.
    • (2006) Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. , vol.47 , pp. 1251-1254
    • Mallen, E.A.H.1    Kashyap, P.2    Hampson, K.M.3
  • 94
    • 0021930090 scopus 로고
    • Diurnal variation in the dimensions of the anterior chamber
    • Mapstone R., Clarke C.V. Diurnal variation in the dimensions of the anterior chamber. Arch. Ophthalmol. 1985, 103:1485-1486.
    • (1985) Arch. Ophthalmol. , vol.103 , pp. 1485-1486
    • Mapstone, R.1    Clarke, C.V.2
  • 95
    • 80051609632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The M4 muscarinic antagonist MT-3 inhibitors myopia in chick: evidence for site of action
    • McBrien N.A., Arumugam G., Gentle A., Chow A., Sahebjada S. The M4 muscarinic antagonist MT-3 inhibitors myopia in chick: evidence for site of action. Ophthalmic Physiol. Opt. 2011, 31:529-539.
    • (2011) Ophthalmic Physiol. Opt. , vol.31 , pp. 529-539
    • McBrien, N.A.1    Arumugam, G.2    Gentle, A.3    Chow, A.4    Sahebjada, S.5
  • 96
    • 0035702567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retinal acetylcholine content in normal and myopic eyes: a role in ocular growth control?
    • McBrien N.A., Cottriall C.L., Annies R. Retinal acetylcholine content in normal and myopic eyes: a role in ocular growth control?. Vis. Neurosci. 2001, 18:571-580.
    • (2001) Vis. Neurosci. , vol.18 , pp. 571-580
    • McBrien, N.A.1    Cottriall, C.L.2    Annies, R.3
  • 97
    • 0027536284 scopus 로고
    • Atropine reduces experimental myopia and eye enlargement via a nonaccommodative mechanism
    • McBrien N.A., Moghaddam H.O., Reeder A.P. Atropine reduces experimental myopia and eye enlargement via a nonaccommodative mechanism. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 1993, 34:205-215.
    • (1993) Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. , vol.34 , pp. 205-215
    • McBrien, N.A.1    Moghaddam, H.O.2    Reeder, A.P.3
  • 98
    • 33751332731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dopaminergic agents affect the ability of brief periods of normal vision to prevent form-deprivation myopia
    • McCarthy C.S., Megaw P., Devadas M., Morgan I.G. Dopaminergic agents affect the ability of brief periods of normal vision to prevent form-deprivation myopia. Exp. Eye Res. 2007, 84:100-107.
    • (2007) Exp. Eye Res. , vol.84 , pp. 100-107
    • McCarthy, C.S.1    Megaw, P.2    Devadas, M.3    Morgan, I.G.4
  • 100
    • 80053587806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for astigmatism in preschool children: the Multi-Ethnic Pediatric Eye Disease and Baltimore Pediatric Eye Disease Studies
    • Joint Writing Committee for the Multi-Ethnic Pediatric Eye Disease Study and the Baltimore Pediatric Eye Disease Study Groups
    • McKean-Cowdin R., Varma R., Cotter S.A., Tarczy-Hornoch K., Borchert M.S., Lin J.H., Wen G., Azen S.P., Torres M., Tielsch J.M., Friedman D.S., Repka M.X., Katz J., Ibironke J., Giordano L. Risk factors for astigmatism in preschool children: the Multi-Ethnic Pediatric Eye Disease and Baltimore Pediatric Eye Disease Studies. Ophthalmology 2011, 118:1974-1981. Joint Writing Committee for the Multi-Ethnic Pediatric Eye Disease Study and the Baltimore Pediatric Eye Disease Study Groups.
    • (2011) Ophthalmology , vol.118 , pp. 1974-1981
    • McKean-Cowdin, R.1    Varma, R.2    Cotter, S.A.3    Tarczy-Hornoch, K.4    Borchert, M.S.5    Lin, J.H.6    Wen, G.7    Azen, S.P.8    Torres, M.9    Tielsch, J.M.10    Friedman, D.S.11    Repka, M.X.12    Katz, J.13    Ibironke, J.14    Giordano, L.15
  • 101
    • 0030849216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deprivation of form vision suppresses diurnal cycling of retinal levels of leu-enkephalin
    • McKenzie C., Megaw P., Morgan I., Boelen M.K. Deprivation of form vision suppresses diurnal cycling of retinal levels of leu-enkephalin. Aust. N. Z. J. Ophthalmol. 1997, 25(Suppl. 1):S79-S81.
    • (1997) Aust. N. Z. J. Ophthalmol. , vol.25 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • McKenzie, C.1    Megaw, P.2    Morgan, I.3    Boelen, M.K.4
  • 103
    • 0029815439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of form deprivation on retinal leu-enkephalin levels is mediated by a rod-driven pathway
    • Megaw P., McKenzie C., Geue A., Morgan I.G., Boelen M.K. The effect of form deprivation on retinal leu-enkephalin levels is mediated by a rod-driven pathway. Aust. N. Z. J. Ophthalmol. 1996, 24:58-60.
    • (1996) Aust. N. Z. J. Ophthalmol. , vol.24 , pp. 58-60
    • Megaw, P.1    McKenzie, C.2    Geue, A.3    Morgan, I.G.4    Boelen, M.K.5
  • 104
    • 0032763801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental animal myopia models are applicable to human juvenile-onset myopia
    • Meyer C., Mueller M.F., Duncker G.I., Meyer H.J. Experimental animal myopia models are applicable to human juvenile-onset myopia. Surv. Ophthalmol. 1999, 44(Suppl. 1):S93-S102.
    • (1999) Surv. Ophthalmol. , vol.44 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Meyer, C.1    Mueller, M.F.2    Duncker, G.I.3    Meyer, H.J.4
  • 105
    • 79953805191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural systems governed by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: emerging hypotheses
    • Miwa J.M., Freedman R., Lester H.A. Neural systems governed by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: emerging hypotheses. Neuron 2011, 70:20-33.
    • (2011) Neuron , vol.70 , pp. 20-33
    • Miwa, J.M.1    Freedman, R.2    Lester, H.A.3
  • 106
    • 79959875504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell autonomy and synchrony of suprachiasmatic nucleus circadian oscillators
    • Mohawk J.A., Tokahashi J.S. Cell autonomy and synchrony of suprachiasmatic nucleus circadian oscillators. Trends Neurosci. 2011, 34:349-358.
    • (2011) Trends Neurosci. , vol.34 , pp. 349-358
    • Mohawk, J.A.1    Tokahashi, J.S.2
  • 107
  • 108
    • 0030140396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aretinal dark-light switch: a review of the evidence
    • Morgan I.G., Boelen M.K. Aretinal dark-light switch: a review of the evidence. Vis. Neurosci. 1996, 13:399-409.
    • (1996) Vis. Neurosci. , vol.13 , pp. 399-409
    • Morgan, I.G.1    Boelen, M.K.2
  • 110
    • 77950665986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hereditary and environmental contributions to emmetropization and myopia
    • Mutti D.O. Hereditary and environmental contributions to emmetropization and myopia. Optom. Vis. Sci. 2010, 87:255-259.
    • (2010) Optom. Vis. Sci. , vol.87 , pp. 255-259
    • Mutti, D.O.1
  • 113
    • 34548408333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dark side of light at night: physiological, epidemiological, and ecological consequences
    • Navara K.J., Nelson R.J. The dark side of light at night: physiological, epidemiological, and ecological consequences. J.Pineal Res. 2007, 43:215-224.
    • (2007) J.Pineal Res. , vol.43 , pp. 215-224
    • Navara, K.J.1    Nelson, R.J.2
  • 114
    • 33644857816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The phase relationships between the diurnal rhythms in axial length and choroidal thickness and the association with ocular growth rate in chicks
    • Nickla D.L. The phase relationships between the diurnal rhythms in axial length and choroidal thickness and the association with ocular growth rate in chicks. J.Comp. Physiol. A 2006, 192:399-407.
    • (2006) J.Comp. Physiol. A , vol.192 , pp. 399-407
    • Nickla, D.L.1
  • 116
    • 0036325038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diurnal rhythms in intraocular pressure, axial length, and choroidal thickness in a primate model of eye growth, the common marmoset
    • Nickla D.L., Wildsoet C., Troilo D. Diurnal rhythms in intraocular pressure, axial length, and choroidal thickness in a primate model of eye growth, the common marmoset. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2002, 43:2519-2528.
    • (2002) Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. , vol.43 , pp. 2519-2528
    • Nickla, D.L.1    Wildsoet, C.2    Troilo, D.3
  • 117
    • 0031888425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The circadian rhythm in intraocular pressure and its relation to diurnal ocular growth changes in chicks
    • Nickla D.L., Wildsoet C., Wallman J. The circadian rhythm in intraocular pressure and its relation to diurnal ocular growth changes in chicks. Exp. Eye Res. 1998, 66:183-193.
    • (1998) Exp. Eye Res. , vol.66 , pp. 183-193
    • Nickla, D.L.1    Wildsoet, C.2    Wallman, J.3
  • 118
    • 0031936981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visual influences on diurnal rhythms in ocular length and choroidal thickness in chick eyes
    • Nickla D.L., Wildsoet C., Wallman J. Visual influences on diurnal rhythms in ocular length and choroidal thickness in chick eyes. Exp. Eye Res. 1998, 66:163-181.
    • (1998) Exp. Eye Res. , vol.66 , pp. 163-181
    • Nickla, D.L.1    Wildsoet, C.2    Wallman, J.3
  • 119
    • 0035091537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endogenous rhythms in axial length and choroidal thickness in chicks: implications for ocular growth regulation
    • Nickla D.L., Wildsoet C.F., Troilo D. Endogenous rhythms in axial length and choroidal thickness in chicks: implications for ocular growth regulation. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2001, 42:584-588.
    • (2001) Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. , vol.42 , pp. 584-588
    • Nickla, D.L.1    Wildsoet, C.F.2    Troilo, D.3
  • 120
    • 0000399977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Animal models of myopia: learning how vision controls the size of the eye
    • Norton T.T. Animal models of myopia: learning how vision controls the size of the eye. Inst. Lab. Anim. Res. J. 1999, 40:59-77.
    • (1999) Inst. Lab. Anim. Res. J. , vol.40 , pp. 59-77
    • Norton, T.T.1
  • 121
    • 0141543754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Refractive state of tree shrew eyes measured with cortical visual evoked potentials
    • Norton T.T., Wu W.W., Siegwart J.T. Refractive state of tree shrew eyes measured with cortical visual evoked potentials. Optom. Vis. Sci. 2003, 80:623-631.
    • (2003) Optom. Vis. Sci. , vol.80 , pp. 623-631
    • Norton, T.T.1    Wu, W.W.2    Siegwart, J.T.3
  • 123
    • 0021880581 scopus 로고
    • Effects of duration and intensity of illumination on several parameters of the chick eye
    • Oishi T., Murakami Y. Effects of duration and intensity of illumination on several parameters of the chick eye. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 1985, 81A:319-323.
    • (1985) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , vol.81 A , pp. 319-323
    • Oishi, T.1    Murakami, Y.2
  • 124
    • 34247576271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Refractive errors of medical students in Turkey: one year follow-up of refraction and biometry
    • Onal S., Toker E., Akingol Z., Arslan G., Ertan S., Turan C., Kaplan O. Refractive errors of medical students in Turkey: one year follow-up of refraction and biometry. Optom. Vis. Sci. 2007, 84:175-180.
    • (2007) Optom. Vis. Sci. , vol.84 , pp. 175-180
    • Onal, S.1    Toker, E.2    Akingol, Z.3    Arslan, G.4    Ertan, S.5    Turan, C.6    Kaplan, O.7
  • 125
    • 34249750539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constant light rearing disrupts compensation to imposed- but not induced-hyperopia and facilitates compensation to imposed myopia in chicks
    • Padmanabhan V., Shih J., Wildsoet C.F. Constant light rearing disrupts compensation to imposed- but not induced-hyperopia and facilitates compensation to imposed myopia in chicks. Vision Res. 2007, 47:1855-1868.
    • (2007) Vision Res. , vol.47 , pp. 1855-1868
    • Padmanabhan, V.1    Shih, J.2    Wildsoet, C.F.3
  • 127
    • 0031887303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ocular axial length and choroidal thickness in newly hatched chicks and one-year-old chickens fluctuate in a diurnal pattern that is influenced by visual experience and intraocular pressure changes
    • Papastergiou G.I., Schmid G.F., Riva C.E., Mendel M.J., Stone R.A., Laties A.M. Ocular axial length and choroidal thickness in newly hatched chicks and one-year-old chickens fluctuate in a diurnal pattern that is influenced by visual experience and intraocular pressure changes. Exp. Eye Res. 1998, 66:195-205.
    • (1998) Exp. Eye Res. , vol.66 , pp. 195-205
    • Papastergiou, G.I.1    Schmid, G.F.2    Riva, C.E.3    Mendel, M.J.4    Stone, R.A.5    Laties, A.M.6
  • 129
    • 0027275874 scopus 로고
    • Myopia and myopic progression among schoolchildren: a three-year follow-up study
    • Pärssinen O., Lyyra A.-L. Myopia and myopic progression among schoolchildren: a three-year follow-up study. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 1993, 34:2794-2802.
    • (1993) Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. , vol.34 , pp. 2794-2802
    • Pärssinen, O.1    Lyyra, A.-L.2
  • 130
    • 77949268330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of retinal photoreceptors in the regulation of circadian rhythms
    • Paul K.N., Saafir T.B., Tosini G. The role of retinal photoreceptors in the regulation of circadian rhythms. Rev. Endocr. Metab. Disord. 2009, 10:271-278.
    • (2009) Rev. Endocr. Metab. Disord. , vol.10 , pp. 271-278
    • Paul, K.N.1    Saafir, T.B.2    Tosini, G.3
  • 131
    • 8444253636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lighting for the human circadian clock: recent research indicates that lighting has become a public health issue
    • Pauley S.M. Lighting for the human circadian clock: recent research indicates that lighting has become a public health issue. Med. Hypotheses 2004, 63:588-596.
    • (2004) Med. Hypotheses , vol.63 , pp. 588-596
    • Pauley, S.M.1
  • 132
    • 84856285251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Latitudinal variation in light levels drives human visual system size
    • Pearce E., Dunbar R. Latitudinal variation in light levels drives human visual system size. Biol. Lett. 2012, 8:90-93.
    • (2012) Biol. Lett. , vol.8 , pp. 90-93
    • Pearce, E.1    Dunbar, R.2
  • 133
    • 0028962096 scopus 로고
    • Ciliary ganglion choline acetyltransferase activity in avian macrophthalmos
    • Pendrak K., Lin T., Stone R.A. Ciliary ganglion choline acetyltransferase activity in avian macrophthalmos. Exp. Eye Res. 1995, 60:237-243.
    • (1995) Exp. Eye Res. , vol.60 , pp. 237-243
    • Pendrak, K.1    Lin, T.2    Stone, R.A.3
  • 134
    • 0031240058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endogenous opiates in the chick retina and their role in form-deprivation myopia
    • Pickett Seltner R.L., Rohrer G., Grant V., Stell W.K. Endogenous opiates in the chick retina and their role in form-deprivation myopia. Vis. Neurosci. 1997, 14:801-809.
    • (1997) Vis. Neurosci. , vol.14 , pp. 801-809
    • Pickett Seltner, R.L.1    Rohrer, G.2    Grant, V.3    Stell, W.K.4
  • 135
    • 0028914469 scopus 로고
    • The effect of vasoactive intestinal peptide on development of form deprivation myopia in the chick: a pharmacological and immunocytochemical study
    • Pickett Seltner R.L., Stell W.K. The effect of vasoactive intestinal peptide on development of form deprivation myopia in the chick: a pharmacological and immunocytochemical study. Vision Res. 1995, 35:1265-1270.
    • (1995) Vision Res. , vol.35 , pp. 1265-1270
    • Pickett Seltner, R.L.1    Stell, W.K.2
  • 136
    • 0028557125 scopus 로고
    • The effect of muscarinic agonists and selective receptor subtype antagonists on the contractile response of the isolated rhesus monkey ciliary muscle
    • Poyer J.F., Gabelt B.T., Kaufman P.L. The effect of muscarinic agonists and selective receptor subtype antagonists on the contractile response of the isolated rhesus monkey ciliary muscle. Exp. Eye Res. 1994, 59:729-736.
    • (1994) Exp. Eye Res. , vol.59 , pp. 729-736
    • Poyer, J.F.1    Gabelt, B.T.2    Kaufman, P.L.3
  • 137
    • 44649199276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dopamine modulates diurnal and circadian rhythms of protein phosphorylation in photoreceptor cells of mouse retina
    • Pozdeyev N., Tosini G., Li L., Ali F., Rozov S., Lee R.H., Iuvone P.M. Dopamine modulates diurnal and circadian rhythms of protein phosphorylation in photoreceptor cells of mouse retina. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2008, 27:2691-2700.
    • (2008) Eur. J. Neurosci. , vol.27 , pp. 2691-2700
    • Pozdeyev, N.1    Tosini, G.2    Li, L.3    Ali, F.4    Rozov, S.5    Lee, R.H.6    Iuvone, P.M.7
  • 139
    • 79955620762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myopia over the lifecourse: prevalence and early life influences in the 1958 British birth cohort
    • Rahi J.S., Cumberland P.M., Peckham C.S. Myopia over the lifecourse: prevalence and early life influences in the 1958 British birth cohort. Ophthalmology 2011, 118:797-804.
    • (2011) Ophthalmology , vol.118 , pp. 797-804
    • Rahi, J.S.1    Cumberland, P.M.2    Peckham, C.S.3
  • 140
    • 76949131187 scopus 로고
    • The Danish sight-saving school
    • Rau J. The Danish sight-saving school. Sight Sav. Rev. 1951, 21:142-146.
    • (1951) Sight Sav. Rev. , vol.21 , pp. 142-146
    • Rau, J.1
  • 141
    • 48249104277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diurnal variation of axial length, intraocular pressure, and anterior eye biometrics
    • Read S.A., Collins M.J., Iskander D.R. Diurnal variation of axial length, intraocular pressure, and anterior eye biometrics. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2008, 49:2911-2918.
    • (2008) Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. , vol.49 , pp. 2911-2918
    • Read, S.A.1    Collins, M.J.2    Iskander, D.R.3
  • 143
    • 0028845645 scopus 로고
    • Dose-dependent effects of intravitreal pirenzepine on deprivation myopia and lens-induced refractive errors in chickens [letter]
    • Rickers M., Schaeffel F. Dose-dependent effects of intravitreal pirenzepine on deprivation myopia and lens-induced refractive errors in chickens [letter]. Exp. Eye Res. 1995, 61:509-516.
    • (1995) Exp. Eye Res. , vol.61 , pp. 509-516
    • Rickers, M.1    Schaeffel, F.2
  • 144
    • 0029043857 scopus 로고
    • Stimulation of dopamine amacrine cells by stroboscopic illumination or fibroblast growth factor (bFGF, FGF-2) injections: possible roles in prevention of form-deprivation myopia
    • Rohrer B., Iuvone P.M., Stell W.K. Stimulation of dopamine amacrine cells by stroboscopic illumination or fibroblast growth factor (bFGF, FGF-2) injections: possible roles in prevention of form-deprivation myopia. Brain Res. 1995, 686:169-181.
    • (1995) Brain Res. , vol.686 , pp. 169-181
    • Rohrer, B.1    Iuvone, P.M.2    Stell, W.K.3
  • 145
    • 0027597866 scopus 로고
    • Apomorphine blocks form-deprivation myopia in chickens by a dopamine D2-receptor mechanism acting in retina or pigmented epithelium
    • Rohrer B., Spira A.W., Stell W.K. Apomorphine blocks form-deprivation myopia in chickens by a dopamine D2-receptor mechanism acting in retina or pigmented epithelium. Vis. Neurosci. 1993, 10:447-453.
    • (1993) Vis. Neurosci. , vol.10 , pp. 447-453
    • Rohrer, B.1    Spira, A.W.2    Stell, W.K.3
  • 147
    • 42249102573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myopia, lifestyle, and schooling in students of Chinese ethnicity in Singapore and Sydney
    • Rose K.A., Morgan I.G., Smith W., Burlutsky G., Mitchell P., Saw S.-M. Myopia, lifestyle, and schooling in students of Chinese ethnicity in Singapore and Sydney. Arch. Ophthalmol. 2008, 126:527-530.
    • (2008) Arch. Ophthalmol. , vol.126 , pp. 527-530
    • Rose, K.A.1    Morgan, I.G.2    Smith, W.3    Burlutsky, G.4    Mitchell, P.5    Saw, S.-M.6
  • 148
    • 0036261431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High heritability of myopia does not preclude rapid changes in prevalence
    • Rose K.A., Morgan I.G., Smith W., Mitchell G. High heritability of myopia does not preclude rapid changes in prevalence. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. 2002, 30:168-172.
    • (2002) Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. , vol.30 , pp. 168-172
    • Rose, K.A.1    Morgan, I.G.2    Smith, W.3    Mitchell, G.4
  • 149
    • 0001604719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myopia and nearwork: causation or merely association?
    • (Chapter 10), Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford, M. Rosenfield, B. Gilmartin (Eds.)
    • Rosenfield M., Gilmartin B. Myopia and nearwork: causation or merely association?. Myopia and Nearwork 1998, 193-206. (Chapter 10), Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford. M. Rosenfield, B. Gilmartin (Eds.).
    • (1998) Myopia and Nearwork , pp. 193-206
    • Rosenfield, M.1    Gilmartin, B.2
  • 150
    • 54949118342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An autonomous circadian clock in the inner mouse retina regulated by dopamine and GABA
    • Ruan G.X., Allen G.C., Yamazaki S., McMahon D.G. An autonomous circadian clock in the inner mouse retina regulated by dopamine and GABA. PLoS Biol. 2008, 6:e249.
    • (2008) PLoS Biol. , vol.6
    • Ruan, G.X.1    Allen, G.C.2    Yamazaki, S.3    McMahon, D.G.4
  • 152
    • 24944501806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of the retinal pigment epithelium in eye growth regulation and myopia: a review
    • Rymer J., Wildsoet C.F. The role of the retinal pigment epithelium in eye growth regulation and myopia: a review. Vis. Neurosci. 2005, 22:251-261.
    • (2005) Vis. Neurosci. , vol.22 , pp. 251-261
    • Rymer, J.1    Wildsoet, C.F.2
  • 153
    • 29344450126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dopamine regulates melanopsin mRNA expression in intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells
    • Sakamoto K., Liu C., Kasamatsu M., Pozdeyev N.V., Iuvone P.M., Tosini G. Dopamine regulates melanopsin mRNA expression in intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2005, 22:3129-3136.
    • (2005) Eur. J. Neurosci. , vol.22 , pp. 3129-3136
    • Sakamoto, K.1    Liu, C.2    Kasamatsu, M.3    Pozdeyev, N.V.4    Iuvone, P.M.5    Tosini, G.6
  • 158
    • 73649086138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mouse as a model for myopia, and optics of its eye
    • (Chapter 5), The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, L.M. Chalupa, R.W. Williams (Eds.)
    • Schaeffel F. The mouse as a model for myopia, and optics of its eye. Eye, Retina and Visual System of the Mouse 2008, (Chapter 5), The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. L.M. Chalupa, R.W. Williams (Eds.).
    • (2008) Eye, Retina and Visual System of the Mouse
    • Schaeffel, F.1
  • 159
    • 84969625468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mouse model of myopia
    • (Chapter 4.3), World Scientific, New Jersey, R.W. Beuerman, S.-M. Saw, D.T.H. Tan, T.-Y. Wong (Eds.)
    • Schaeffel F. The mouse model of myopia. Myopia: Animal Models to Clinical Trials 2010, 303-329. (Chapter 4.3), World Scientific, New Jersey. R.W. Beuerman, S.-M. Saw, D.T.H. Tan, T.-Y. Wong (Eds.).
    • (2010) Myopia: Animal Models to Clinical Trials , pp. 303-329
    • Schaeffel, F.1
  • 160
    • 1242318843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibitory effects of apomorphine and atropine and their combination on myopia in chicks
    • Schmid K.L., Wildsoet C.F. Inhibitory effects of apomorphine and atropine and their combination on myopia in chicks. Optom. Vis. Sci. 2004, 81:137-147.
    • (2004) Optom. Vis. Sci. , vol.81 , pp. 137-147
    • Schmid, K.L.1    Wildsoet, C.F.2
  • 163
    • 8144228992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and efficacy of 2% pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia
    • the US Pirenzepine Study Group
    • Siatkowski R.M., Cotter S., Miller J.M., Scher C.A., Crockett R.S., Novack G.D. Safety and efficacy of 2% pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia. Arch. Ophthalmol. 2004, 122:1667-1674. the US Pirenzepine Study Group.
    • (2004) Arch. Ophthalmol. , vol.122 , pp. 1667-1674
    • Siatkowski, R.M.1    Cotter, S.2    Miller, J.M.3    Scher, C.A.4    Crockett, R.S.5    Novack, G.D.6
  • 164
    • 49149102691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two-year multicenter, randomized double-masked, placebo-controlled, parallel safety and efficacy study of 2% pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia
    • U.S. Pirenzepine Study Group
    • Siatkowski R.M., Cotter S.A., Crockett R.S., Miller J.M., Novack G.D. Two-year multicenter, randomized double-masked, placebo-controlled, parallel safety and efficacy study of 2% pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia. J.AAPOS 2008, 12:332-339. U.S. Pirenzepine Study Group.
    • (2008) J.AAPOS , vol.12 , pp. 332-339
    • Siatkowski, R.M.1    Cotter, S.A.2    Crockett, R.S.3    Miller, J.M.4    Novack, G.D.5
  • 166
    • 84857867848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protective effects of high ambient lighting on the development of form-deprivation myopia in rhesus monkeys
    • Smith E.L., Hung L.-F., Huang J. Protective effects of high ambient lighting on the development of form-deprivation myopia in rhesus monkeys. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2012, 53:421-428.
    • (2012) Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. , vol.53 , pp. 421-428
    • Smith, E.L.1    Hung, L.-F.2    Huang, J.3
  • 168
    • 0036154585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of brief periods of unrestricted vision on the development of form-deprivation myopia in monkeys
    • Smith E.L., Hung L.-F., Kee C.-s., Qiao Y. Effects of brief periods of unrestricted vision on the development of form-deprivation myopia in monkeys. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2002, 43:291-299.
    • (2002) Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. , vol.43 , pp. 291-299
    • Smith, E.L.1    Hung, L.-F.2    Kee, C.-S.3    Qiao, Y.4
  • 169
    • 79961200058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atropine in ameliorating the progression of myopia in children with mild to moderate myopia: a meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials
    • Song Y.-y., Wang H., Wang B.-s., Qi H., Rong Z.-x., Chen H.-z. Atropine in ameliorating the progression of myopia in children with mild to moderate myopia: a meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. J.Ocul. Pharmacol. Ther. 2011, 27:361-366.
    • (2011) J.Ocul. Pharmacol. Ther. , vol.27 , pp. 361-366
    • Song, Y.-Y.1    Wang, H.2    Wang, B.-S.3    Qi, H.4    Rong, Z.-X.5    Chen, H.-Z.6
  • 170
    • 0034554765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase shifting the retinal circadian clock: xPer2 mRNA induction by light and dopamine
    • Steenhard B.M., Besharse J.C. Phase shifting the retinal circadian clock: xPer2 mRNA induction by light and dopamine. J.Neurosci. 2000, 20:8572-8577.
    • (2000) J.Neurosci. , vol.20 , pp. 8572-8577
    • Steenhard, B.M.1    Besharse, J.C.2
  • 171
    • 0034982529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Light in the built environment: potential role of circadian disruption in endocrine disruption and breast cancer
    • Stevens R.G., Rea M.S. Light in the built environment: potential role of circadian disruption in endocrine disruption and breast cancer. Cancer Causes Control 2001, 12:279-287.
    • (2001) Cancer Causes Control , vol.12 , pp. 279-287
    • Stevens, R.G.1    Rea, M.S.2
  • 173
    • 78149367284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myopia pharmacology: etiologic clues, therapeutic potential
    • (Chapter 9), Elsevier/Academic Press, New York, T. Yorio, A. Clark, M. Wax (Eds.)
    • Stone R.A. Myopia pharmacology: etiologic clues, therapeutic potential. Ocular Therapeutics: an Eye on New Discoveries 2008, 167-196. (Chapter 9), Elsevier/Academic Press, New York. T. Yorio, A. Clark, M. Wax (Eds.).
    • (2008) Ocular Therapeutics: an Eye on New Discoveries , pp. 167-196
    • Stone, R.A.1
  • 174
    • 78149383723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene profiling in experimental models of eye growth: clues to myopia pathogenesis
    • Stone R.A., Khurana T.S. Gene profiling in experimental models of eye growth: clues to myopia pathogenesis. Vision Res. 2010, 50:2322-2333.
    • (2010) Vision Res. , vol.50 , pp. 2322-2333
    • Stone, R.A.1    Khurana, T.S.2
  • 175
    • 0023857376 scopus 로고
    • Increase in retinal vasoactive intestinal polypeptide after eyelid fusion in primates
    • Stone R.A., Laties A.M., Raviola E., Wiesel T.N. Increase in retinal vasoactive intestinal polypeptide after eyelid fusion in primates. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1988, 85:257-260.
    • (1988) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. , vol.85 , pp. 257-260
    • Stone, R.A.1    Laties, A.M.2    Raviola, E.3    Wiesel, T.N.4
  • 176
    • 0028924335 scopus 로고
    • Photoperiod, early post-natal eye growth, and visual deprivation
    • [PMID: 7610580]
    • Stone R.A., Lin T., Desai D., Capehart C. Photoperiod, early post-natal eye growth, and visual deprivation. Vision Res. 1995, 35:1195-1202. [PMID: 7610580].
    • (1995) Vision Res. , vol.35 , pp. 1195-1202
    • Stone, R.A.1    Lin, T.2    Desai, D.3    Capehart, C.4
  • 177
    • 0025876323 scopus 로고
    • Muscarinic antagonist effects on experimental chick myopia
    • Stone R.A., Lin T., Laties A.M. Muscarinic antagonist effects on experimental chick myopia. Exp. Eye Res. 1991, 52:755-758.
    • (1991) Exp. Eye Res. , vol.52 , pp. 755-758
    • Stone, R.A.1    Lin, T.2    Laties, A.M.3
  • 184
    • 34547939468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intrinsic circadian clock of the mammalian retina: importance for retinal processing of visual information
    • Storch K.-F., Paz C., Signorovitch J., Raviola E., Pawlyk B., Li T., Weitz C.J. Intrinsic circadian clock of the mammalian retina: importance for retinal processing of visual information. Cell 2007, 130:730-741.
    • (2007) Cell , vol.130 , pp. 730-741
    • Storch, K.-F.1    Paz, C.2    Signorovitch, J.3    Raviola, E.4    Pawlyk, B.5    Li, T.6    Weitz, C.J.7
  • 185
    • 65349165751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ocular expression of avian thymic hormone: changes during the recovery from induced myopia
    • Summers Rada J.A., Wiechmann A.F. Ocular expression of avian thymic hormone: changes during the recovery from induced myopia. Mol. Vis. 2009, 15:778-792.
    • (2009) Mol. Vis. , vol.15 , pp. 778-792
    • Summers Rada, J.A.1    Wiechmann, A.F.2
  • 186
    • 11344261777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • One-year multicenter, double-masked, placebo-controlled, parallel safety and efficacy study of 2% pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia
    • the Asian Pirenzepine Study Group
    • Tan D.T.H., Lam D.S., Chua W.H., Shu-Ping D.F., Crockett R.S. One-year multicenter, double-masked, placebo-controlled, parallel safety and efficacy study of 2% pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia. Ophthalmology 2005, 112:84-91. the Asian Pirenzepine Study Group.
    • (2005) Ophthalmology , vol.112 , pp. 84-91
    • Tan, D.T.H.1    Lam, D.S.2    Chua, W.H.3    Shu-Ping, D.F.4    Crockett, R.S.5
  • 187
    • 0026014153 scopus 로고
    • Embryonic chick heart expresses multiple muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes
    • Tietje K.M., Nathanson N.M. Embryonic chick heart expresses multiple muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes. J.Biol. Chem. 1991, 266:17382-17387.
    • (1991) J.Biol. Chem. , vol.266 , pp. 17382-17387
    • Tietje, K.M.1    Nathanson, N.M.2
  • 191
    • 27444445453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anon-canonical photopigment, melanopsin, is expressed in the differentiating ganglion, horizontal, and bipolar cells of the chicken retina
    • Tomonari S., Takagi A., Akamatsu S., Noji S., Ohuchi H. Anon-canonical photopigment, melanopsin, is expressed in the differentiating ganglion, horizontal, and bipolar cells of the chicken retina. Dev. Dyn. 2005, 234:783-790.
    • (2005) Dev. Dyn. , vol.234 , pp. 783-790
    • Tomonari, S.1    Takagi, A.2    Akamatsu, S.3    Noji, S.4    Ohuchi, H.5
  • 192
    • 61349202792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atropine for the treatment of childhood myopia: effect on myopia progression after cessation of atropine
    • Tong L., Huang X.L., Koh A.L.T., Zhang X., Tan D.T.H., Chua W.-H. Atropine for the treatment of childhood myopia: effect on myopia progression after cessation of atropine. Ophthalmology 2009, 116:572-579.
    • (2009) Ophthalmology , vol.116 , pp. 572-579
    • Tong, L.1    Huang, X.L.2    Koh, A.L.T.3    Zhang, X.4    Tan, D.T.H.5    Chua, W.-H.6
  • 193
    • 46049118260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The circadian clock system in the mammalian retina
    • Tosini G., Pozdeyev N., Sakamoto K., Iuvone P.M. The circadian clock system in the mammalian retina. BioEssays 2008, 30:624-633.
    • (2008) BioEssays , vol.30 , pp. 624-633
    • Tosini, G.1    Pozdeyev, N.2    Sakamoto, K.3    Iuvone, P.M.4
  • 194
    • 0027232930 scopus 로고
    • Ocular development and visual deprivation myopia in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)
    • Troilo D., Judge S.J. Ocular development and visual deprivation myopia in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). Vision Res. 1993, 33:1311-1324.
    • (1993) Vision Res. , vol.33 , pp. 1311-1324
    • Troilo, D.1    Judge, S.J.2
  • 195
    • 55449120447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Circadian photoreception: ageing and the eye's important role in systemic health
    • Turner P.L., Mainster M.A. Circadian photoreception: ageing and the eye's important role in systemic health. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 2008, 92:1439-1444.
    • (2008) Br. J. Ophthalmol. , vol.92 , pp. 1439-1444
    • Turner, P.L.1    Mainster, M.A.2
  • 197
    • 0037197690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscarinic receptor protein expression in the ocular tissues of the chick during normal and myopic eye development
    • Vessey K.A., Cottriall C.L., McBrien N.A. Muscarinic receptor protein expression in the ocular tissues of the chick during normal and myopic eye development. Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res. 2002, 135:79-86.
    • (2002) Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res. , vol.135 , pp. 79-86
    • Vessey, K.A.1    Cottriall, C.L.2    McBrien, N.A.3
  • 199
    • 73349112275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased prevalence of myopia in the United States between 1971-1972 and 1999-2004
    • Vitale S., Sperduto R.D., Ferris F.L. Increased prevalence of myopia in the United States between 1971-1972 and 1999-2004. Arch. Ophthalmol. 2009, 127:1632-1639.
    • (2009) Arch. Ophthalmol. , vol.127 , pp. 1632-1639
    • Vitale, S.1    Sperduto, R.D.2    Ferris, F.L.3
  • 200
    • 34247273638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dopamine neurones form a discrete plexus with melanopsin cells in normal and degenerating retina
    • Vugler A.A., Redgrave P., Semo M., Lawrence J., Greenwood J., Coffey P.J. Dopamine neurones form a discrete plexus with melanopsin cells in normal and degenerating retina. Exp. Neurol. 2007, 205:26-35.
    • (2007) Exp. Neurol. , vol.205 , pp. 26-35
    • Vugler, A.A.1    Redgrave, P.2    Semo, M.3    Lawrence, J.4    Greenwood, J.5    Coffey, P.J.6
  • 201
    • 0027497747 scopus 로고
    • Retinal control of eye growth and refraction
    • Wallman J. Retinal control of eye growth and refraction. Prog. Retin. Res. 1993, 12:133-153.
    • (1993) Prog. Retin. Res. , vol.12 , pp. 133-153
    • Wallman, J.1
  • 203
    • 84969697682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relevance of studies in chicks for understanding myopia in humans
    • (Chapter 4.1), World Scientific, New Jersey, R.W. Beuerman, S.-M. Saw, D.T.H. Tan, T.-Y. Wong (Eds.)
    • Wallman J., Nickla D.L. The relevance of studies in chicks for understanding myopia in humans. Myopia: Animal Models to Clinical Trials 2010, 239-266. (Chapter 4.1), World Scientific, New Jersey. R.W. Beuerman, S.-M. Saw, D.T.H. Tan, T.-Y. Wong (Eds.).
    • (2010) Myopia: Animal Models to Clinical Trials , pp. 239-266
    • Wallman, J.1    Nickla, D.L.2
  • 204
    • 4143126607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Homeostasis of eye growth and the question of myopia
    • Wallman J., Winawer J. Homeostasis of eye growth and the question of myopia. Neuron 2004, 43:447-468.
    • (2004) Neuron , vol.43 , pp. 447-468
    • Wallman, J.1    Winawer, J.2
  • 205
    • 0027582090 scopus 로고
    • Diurnal growth rhythms in the chicken eye: relation to myopia development and retinal dopamine levels
    • Weiss S., Schaeffel F. Diurnal growth rhythms in the chicken eye: relation to myopia development and retinal dopamine levels. J.Comp. Physiol. A 1993, 172:263-270.
    • (1993) J.Comp. Physiol. A , vol.172 , pp. 263-270
    • Weiss, S.1    Schaeffel, F.2
  • 206
    • 0039097544 scopus 로고
    • Observations and experiment on vision
    • Wells W.C. Observations and experiment on vision. Philos. Trans. R Soc. 1811, 101:389-391.
    • (1811) Philos. Trans. R Soc. , vol.101 , pp. 389-391
    • Wells, W.C.1
  • 207
    • 77951927020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suprachiasmatic nucleus: cell autonomy and network properties
    • Welsh D.K., Takahashi J.S., Kay S.A. Suprachiasmatic nucleus: cell autonomy and network properties. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 2010, 72:551-577.
    • (2010) Annu. Rev. Physiol. , vol.72 , pp. 551-577
    • Welsh, D.K.1    Takahashi, J.S.2    Kay, S.A.3
  • 209
    • 1842638688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dopamine and retinal function
    • Witkovsky P. Dopamine and retinal function. Doc. Ophthalmol. 2004, 108:17-40.
    • (2004) Doc. Ophthalmol. , vol.108 , pp. 17-40
    • Witkovsky, P.1
  • 210
    • 79952204225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nature and nurture: the complex genetics of myopia and refractive error
    • Wojciechowski R. Nature and nurture: the complex genetics of myopia and refractive error. Clin. Genet. 2011, 301-320.
    • (2011) Clin. Genet. , pp. 301-320
    • Wojciechowski, R.1
  • 211
    • 11344252884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Familial aggregation of hyperopia in an elderly population of siblings in Salsbury, Maryland
    • Wojciechowski R., Cogdon N., Bowie H., Munoz G., Gilbert D., West S. Familial aggregation of hyperopia in an elderly population of siblings in Salsbury, Maryland. Ophthalmology 2005, 112:78-83.
    • (2005) Ophthalmology , vol.112 , pp. 78-83
    • Wojciechowski, R.1    Cogdon, N.2    Bowie, H.3    Munoz, G.4    Gilbert, D.5    West, S.6
  • 213
    • 80052037658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Naturally-expressed nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes
    • Wu J., Lukas R.J. Naturally-expressed nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes. Biochem. Pharmacol. 2011, 82:800-807.
    • (2011) Biochem. Pharmacol. , vol.82 , pp. 800-807
    • Wu, J.1    Lukas, R.J.2
  • 214
    • 77957295777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of outdoor activities on myopia among rural school children in Taiwan
    • Wu P.-C., Tsai C.-L., Hu C.-H., Yang Y.-H. Effects of outdoor activities on myopia among rural school children in Taiwan. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2010, 17:338-342.
    • (2010) Ophthalmic Epidemiol. , vol.17 , pp. 338-342
    • Wu, P.-C.1    Tsai, C.-L.2    Hu, C.-H.3    Yang, Y.-H.4
  • 215
    • 80755139628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Circadian desynchrony and metabolic dysfunction: did light pollution make us fat?
    • Wyse C.A., Selman C., Page M.M., Coogan A.N., Hazlerigg D.G. Circadian desynchrony and metabolic dysfunction: did light pollution make us fat?. Med. Hypotheses 2011, 77:1139-1144.
    • (2011) Med. Hypotheses , vol.77 , pp. 1139-1144
    • Wyse, C.A.1    Selman, C.2    Page, M.M.3    Coogan, A.N.4    Hazlerigg, D.G.5
  • 217
    • 0031205213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myopia development in childhood
    • Zadnik K. Myopia development in childhood. Optom. Vis. Sci. 1997, 74:603-608.
    • (1997) Optom. Vis. Sci. , vol.74 , pp. 603-608
    • Zadnik, K.1
  • 218
    • 0034624864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myopia and ambient night-time lighting. CLEERE Study Group. Collaborative longitudinal evaluation of ethnicity and refractive error
    • Zadnik K., Jones L.A., Irvin B., Kleinstein R.N., Manny R.E., Shin J.A., Mutti D.O. Myopia and ambient night-time lighting. CLEERE Study Group. Collaborative longitudinal evaluation of ethnicity and refractive error. Nature 2000, 404:143-144.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.404 , pp. 143-144
    • Zadnik, K.1    Jones, L.A.2    Irvin, B.3    Kleinstein, R.N.4    Manny, R.E.5    Shin, J.A.6    Mutti, D.O.7


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.