Outdoor activity and myopia in Singapore teenage children

British Journal of Ophthalmology

Volumn 93, Issue 8, 2009, Pages 997-1000

  Dirani, M ^a,b   Tong, L ^a   Gazzard, G ^c   Zhang, X ^b   Chia, A ^d   Young, T L ^e,f   Rose, K A ^g   Mitchell, P ^g   Saw, S M ^b  

^a SINGAPORE EYE RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Singapore)

^b NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE   (Singapore)

^c MOORFIELDS EYE HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^d SINGAPORE NATIONAL EYE CENTRE   (Singapore)

^e NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE   (Singapore)

^f DUKE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^g UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; CHILD; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEMOGRAPHY; ETHNICITY; EYE EXAMINATION; FEMALE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MYOPIA; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUESTIONNAIRE; SCHOOL CHILD; SINGAPORE;

ADOLESCENT; AGE FACTORS; CHILD; FEMALE; HUMANS; LEISURE ACTIVITIES; MALE; MYOPIA; SEX FACTORS; SINGAPORE; SPORTS; TIME FACTORS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 68049102939     PISSN: 00071161     EISSN: 14682079     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2008.150979     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. Kempen JH, Mitchell P, Lee KE, et al. The prevalence of refractive errors among adults in the United States, Western Europe, and Australia. Arch Ophthalmol 2004;122:495-505.
2. Midelfart A, Kinge B, Midelfart S, et al. Prevalence of refractive errors in Norway. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 2004;124:46-48
3. Lee KE, Klein BE, Klein R, et al. Changes in refraction over 10 years in an adult population: the Beaver Dam Eye study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2002;43:2566-2571 (Pubitemid 34809443)
4. Chang PY, Yang CM, Yang CH, et al. Clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of pediatric rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in Taiwan. Am J Ophthalmol 2005;139:1067-1072
5. Wu SY, Nemesure B, Leske MC. Refractive errors in a black adult population: The Barbados Eye Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1999;40:2179-2186 (Pubitemid 29418370)
6. Shimizu N, Nomura H, Ando F, et al. Refractive errors and factors associated with myopia in an adult Japanese population. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2003;47:6-12. (Pubitemid 36173864)
7. Lin LL, Shih YF, Hsiao CK, et al. Prevalence of myopia in Taiwanese schoolchildren: 1983 to 2000. Ann Acad Med Singapore 2004;33:27-33.
8. Wong TY, Foster PJ, Hee J, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for refractive errors in Adult Chinese in Singapore. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2000;41:2486-2494 (Pubitemid 30624374)
9. Morgan I, Rose K. How genetic is school myopia? Prog Retin Eye Res 2005;24:1-38.
10. Mutti DO, Mitchell GL, Moeschberger ML, et al. Parental myopia, near work, school achievement, and children's refractive error. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2002;43:3633-3640
11. Onal S, Toker E, Akingol Z, et al. Refractive errors of medical students in Turkey: one year follow-up of refraction and biometry. Optom Vis Sci 2007;84:175-180 (Pubitemid 46673554)
12. Rose KA, Morgan IG, Smith W, et al. Myopia, lifestyle, and schooling in students of Chinese ethnicity in Singapore and Sydney. Arch Ophthalmol 2008;126:527-530 (Pubitemid 351549847)
13. Jones LA, Sinnott LT, Mutti DO, et al. Parental history of myopia, sports and outdoor activities, and future myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007;48:3524-3532
14. Peckham CS, Gardiner PA, Goldstein H. Acquired myopia in 11-year-old children. BMJ 1977;1:542-545
15. Khader YS, Batayha WQ, Abdul-Aziz SM, et al. Prevalence and risk indicators of myopia among school-children in Amman, Jordan. East Mediterr Health J 2007;12:434-439
16. Rose KA, Morgan IG, Ip J, et al. Outdoor activity reduces the prevalence of myopia in children. Ophthalmology 2008;115:1279-1285
17. Saw SM, Shankar A, Tan SB, et al. A cohort study of incident myopia in Singaporean children. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006;47:1839-1844 (Pubitemid 46768262)
18. Saw SM, Chua W-H, Hong C-Y, et al. Nearwork in early-onset myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2002;43:332-339
19. Buch H. Fourteen-year incidence of age-related maculopathy and cause-specific prevalence of visual impairment and blindness in a Caucasian population: the Copenhagen City Eye Study. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 2005;83:5-32. (Pubitemid 40872524)
20. Saw SM, Tan S-B, Fung D, et al. IQ and the association with myopia in children. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2004;45:2943-2948
21. Parssinen O, Lyyrat AL. Myopia and myopic progression among schoolchildren: a three-year follow-up study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1993;34:2794-2802 (Pubitemid 23232491)
22. Jacobsen N, Jensen H, Goldschmidt E. Does the level of physical activity in university students influence development and progression of myopia? A 2-year prospective cohort study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008;49:1322-1327
23. Young FA, Singer RM, Foster D. The psychological differentiation of male myopes and nonmyopes. Am J Optom Physiol Opt 1975;52:679-686
24. Prepas SB. Light, literacy and the absence of ultraviolet radiation in the development of myopia. Med Hypotheses 2008;70:635-637