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The nationally representative 1999-2004 NHANES documents age-standardized prevalence of hyperopia, myopia, and astigmatism in the United States: 3.6, 33.1, and 36.2%, respectively. Myopia was more prevalent in women than in men among 20-39-year-old participants, and in non-Hispanic whites than in non-Hispanic blacks or Mexican Americans; persons 60 years or older were less likely to have myopia and more likely to have hyperopia and/or astigmatism than younger persons. These data are invaluable for any epidemiological or public health evaluation of myopia in the United States.
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Vitale S, Ellwein L, Cotch MF, et al. Prevalence of refractive error in the United States, 1999-2004. Arch Ophthalmol 2008; 126:1111-1119. The nationally representative 1999-2004 NHANES documents age-standardized prevalence of hyperopia, myopia, and astigmatism in the United States: 3.6, 33.1, and 36.2%, respectively. Myopia was more prevalent in women than in men among 20-39-year-old participants, and in non-Hispanic whites than in non-Hispanic blacks or Mexican Americans; persons 60 years or older were less likely to have myopia and more likely to have hyperopia and/or astigmatism than younger persons. These data are invaluable for any epidemiological or public health evaluation of myopia in the United States.
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Rose KA, Morgan IG, Ip J, et al. Outdoor activity reduces the prevalence of myopia in children. Ophthalmology 2008; 115:1279-1285. This is a central study in the recent research on outdoor activity and myopia. It found significant protective associations of outdoor activity and myopia and no effect of indoor sport on myopia. This implicated higher levels of total time spent outdoors, rather than sport itself, as the essential protective factor.
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[Epub ahead of print] This study reports an association between outdoor activity and less myopic refraction and shorter axial length, confirming the Australian data by Rose et al.
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Dirani M, Tong L, Gazzard G, et al. Outdoor activity and myopia in Singapore teenage children. Br J Ophthalmol 2009. [Epub ahead of print] This study reports an association between outdoor activity and less myopic refraction and shorter axial length, confirming the Australian data by Rose et al.
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This study confirms previous reports of rural-urban differences in myopia prevalence. It is the first to show a difference in odds of myopia between children in inner-city urban areas compared with outer suburban areas, which are both within a predominantly urban environment; this suggests that even moderate environmental differences may affect myopia development.
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Ip JM, Rose KA, Morgan IG, et al. Myopia and the urban environment: findings in a sample of 12-year-old Australian school children. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008; 49:3858-3863. This study confirms previous reports of rural-urban differences in myopia prevalence. It is the first to show a difference in odds of myopia between children in inner-city urban areas compared with outer suburban areas, which are both within a predominantly urban environment; this suggests that even moderate environmental differences may affect myopia development.
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Dirani M, Shekar SN, Baird PN. Adult-onset myopia: the Genes in Myopia (GEM) twin study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008; 49:3324-3327. This large cohort study of white twins is the first to provide evidence for a genetic component in adult-onset myopia. The study found a significantly higher monozygotic intrapair correlation compared with that in dizygotic twins for spherical equivalent in twins with adult-onset myopia.
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Genomewide scan in Ashkenazi Jewish families demonstrates evidence of linkage of ocular refraction to a QTL on chromosome 1p36
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Wojciechowski R, Moy C, Ciner E, et al. Genomewide scan in Ashkenazi Jewish families demonstrates evidence of linkage of ocular refraction to a QTL on chromosome 1p36. Hum Genet 2006; 119:389-399.
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(2006)
Hum Genet
, vol.119
, pp. 389-399
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Wojciechowski, R.1
Moy, C.2
Ciner, E.3
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36
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53149130971
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A genome-wide scan maps a novel high myopia locus to 5p15
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This is one of the first studies to complete a genome-wide scan in an Asian population; it identified a novel autosomal dominant high myopia locus on chromosome 5p15.33-p15.2 in three Hong Kong Chinese pedigrees.
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Lam CY, Tam PO, Fan DS, et al. A genome-wide scan maps a novel high myopia locus to 5p15. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008; 49:3768-3778. This is one of the first studies to complete a genome-wide scan in an Asian population; it identified a novel autosomal dominant high myopia locus on chromosome 5p15.33-p15.2 in three Hong Kong Chinese pedigrees.
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(2008)
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci
, vol.49
, pp. 3768-3778
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Lam, C.Y.1
Tam, P.O.2
Fan, D.S.3
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37
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48949118879
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Genomewide scan of ocular refraction in African-American families shows significant linkage to chromosome 7p15
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This study maps the first quantitative trait locus for ocular refraction in an African-American population to chr.7p15. Given that previous studies on Europeanderived families have shown linkage to a nearby region, Ciner et al. suggest that the region may contain polymorphisms that mediate refraction across populations. The study also shows evidence of linkage for three additional regions on chromosomes 2p, 3p, and 10p.
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Ciner E, Wojciechowski R, Ibay G, et al. Genomewide scan of ocular refraction in African-American families shows significant linkage to chromosome 7p15. Genet Epidemiol 2008; 32:454-463. This study maps the first quantitative trait locus for ocular refraction in an African-American population to chr.7p15. Given that previous studies on Europeanderived families have shown linkage to a nearby region, Ciner et al. suggest that the region may contain polymorphisms that mediate refraction across populations. The study also shows evidence of linkage for three additional regions on chromosomes 2p, 3p, and 10p.
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(2008)
Genet Epidemiol
, vol.32
, pp. 454-463
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Ciner, E.1
Wojciechowski, R.2
Ibay, G.3
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38
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59749103954
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Genome-wide scan of African-American and white families for linkage to myopia
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This is the first study to show evidence of linkage of myopia to chromosome 20, and it does so in both white and African-American populations. The study also is the first to independently confirm the report by Hammond et al., mapping a myopia quantitative trait locus to chromosome 11.
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Ciner E, Ibay G, Wojciechowski R, et al. Genome-wide scan of African-American and white families for linkage to myopia. Am J Ophthalmol 2009; 147:512-517. This is the first study to show evidence of linkage of myopia to chromosome 20, and it does so in both white and African-American populations. The study also is the first to independently confirm the report by Hammond et al., mapping a myopia quantitative trait locus to chromosome 11.
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(2009)
Am J Ophthalmol
, vol.147
, pp. 512-517
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Ciner, E.1
Ibay, G.2
Wojciechowski, R.3
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39
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60849123142
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Clinical and linkage study on a consanguineous Chinese family with autosomal recessive high myopia
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Yang et al. performed the first clinical and linkage study of a consanguineous family with autosomal recessive high myopia (arHM) and identified the first locus implicated in arHM, at chromosome 14q22.1-q24.2.
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Yang Z, Xiao X, Li S, Zhang Q. Clinical and linkage study on a consanguineous Chinese family with autosomal recessive high myopia. Mol Vis 2009; 15:312-318. Yang et al. performed the first clinical and linkage study of a consanguineous family with autosomal recessive high myopia (arHM) and identified the first locus implicated in arHM, at chromosome 14q22.1-q24.2.
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(2009)
Mol Vis
, vol.15
, pp. 312-318
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Yang, Z.1
Xiao, X.2
Li, S.3
Zhang, Q.4
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40
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67649980200
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An international collaborative family-based whole genome linkage scan for high-grade myopia
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[Epub ahead of print]
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Li Y-J, Guggenheim JA, Bulusu A, et al. An international collaborative family-based whole genome linkage scan for high-grade myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2009. [Epub ahead of print]
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(2009)
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci
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Li, Y.-J.1
Guggenheim, J.A.2
Bulusu, A.3
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41
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58249116631
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New susceptibility locus for high myopia is linked to the uromodulin-like 1 (UMODL1) gene region on chromosome 21q22.3
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This study investigates the position of the UMODL1, prioritized during the authors' previous whole genome case-control association analysis in Japanese highmyopia patients. They identify one significant SNP (rs2839471) within the frequent recombinant region within UMODL1 on chromosome 21q22.3 and suggest that this region may play a role in susceptibility to high myopia.
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Nishizaki R, Ota M, Inoko H, et al. New susceptibility locus for high myopia is linked to the uromodulin-like 1 (UMODL1) gene region on chromosome 21q22.3. Eye 2009; 23:222-229. This study investigates the position of the UMODL1, prioritized during the authors' previous whole genome case-control association analysis in Japanese highmyopia patients. They identify one significant SNP (rs2839471) within the frequent recombinant region within UMODL1 on chromosome 21q22.3 and suggest that this region may play a role in susceptibility to high myopia.
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(2009)
Eye
, vol.23
, pp. 222-229
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Nishizaki, R.1
Ota, M.2
Inoko, H.3
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42
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33847205760
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Genetic linkage study of high-grade myopia in a Hutterite population from South Dakota
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Nallasamy S, Paluru PC, Devoto M, et al. Genetic linkage study of high-grade myopia in a Hutterite population from South Dakota. Mol Vis 2007; 13:229-236. (Pubitemid 46306513)
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(2007)
Molecular Vision
, vol.13
, pp. 229-236
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Nallasamy, S.1
Paluru, P.C.2
Devoto, M.3
Wasserman, N.F.4
Zhou, J.5
Young, T.L.6
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43
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34248188256
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A genome-wide screening for pathological myopia suggests a novel locus on chromosome 15q12-13
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Yu ZQ, Li YB, Huang CX, et al. A genome-wide screening for pathological myopia suggests a novel locus on chromosome 15q12-13. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2007; 43:233-238.
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(2007)
Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi
, vol.43
, pp. 233-238
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Yu, Z.Q.1
Li, Y.B.2
Huang, C.X.3
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44
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59849091828
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Molecular genetics of human myopia: An update
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This review summarizes the prevalence, morbidity, and biological and environmental determinants of myopia. It also describes the process used in identifying four previous myopia loci and the recent results of the International High Myopia Consortium.
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Young TL. Molecular genetics of human myopia: an update. Optom Vis Sci 2009; 86:E8-E22. This review summarizes the prevalence, morbidity, and biological and environmental determinants of myopia. It also describes the process used in identifying four previous myopia loci and the recent results of the International High Myopia Consortium.
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(2009)
Optom Vis Sci
, vol.86
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Young, T.L.1
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45
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65549169152
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Genomewide linkage scans for ocular refraction and meta-analysis of four populations in the Myopia Family study
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This article summarizes the results of a genome-wide linkage analysis of white and Old Order Amish populations and performs a meta-analysis combining these results with the group's previous linkage data in African-American and Ashkenazi Jewish populations. The data show suggestive evidence of linkage of ocular refraction to 12q24 and 4q21 in white families and to 5qter in Amish families. The meta-analysis confirms suggestive evidence of linkage to 4q21-22 adjacent to the previously reported MYP9 and MYP11 loci. Thus, this study supports the view that several genes play a role in refractive development across populations.
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Wojciechowski RJ, Stambolian D, Ciner EB, et al. Genomewide linkage scans for ocular refraction and meta-analysis of four populations in the Myopia Family study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2009; 50:2024-2032. This article summarizes the results of a genome-wide linkage analysis of white and Old Order Amish populations and performs a meta-analysis combining these results with the group's previous linkage data in African-American and Ashkenazi Jewish populations. The data show suggestive evidence of linkage of ocular refraction to 12q24 and 4q21 in white families and to 5qter in Amish families. The meta-analysis confirms suggestive evidence of linkage to 4q21-22 adjacent to the previously reported MYP9 and MYP11 loci. Thus, this study supports the view that several genes play a role in refractive development across populations.
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(2009)
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci
, vol.50
, pp. 2024-2032
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Wojciechowski, R.J.1
Stambolian, D.2
Ciner, E.B.3
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46
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33846927314
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Relative axial myopia in Egr-1 (ZENK) knockout mice
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DOI 10.1167/iovs.06-0851
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Schippert R, Burkhardt E, Feldkaemper M, Schaeffel F. Relative axial myopia in Egr-1 (ZENK) knockout mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007; 48:11-17. (Pubitemid 47251379)
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(2007)
Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science
, vol.48
, Issue.1
, pp. 11-17
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Schippert, R.1
Burkhardt, E.2
Feldkaemper, M.3
Schaeffel, F.4
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47
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58149218746
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The development of the refractive status and ocular growth in C57BL/6 mice
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This study provides a helpful record of refraction, corneal curvature, axial components, and the correlations between refraction and ocular growth during emmetropization in mice. Refraction was most myopic at day 25 and then changed in the hyperopic direction to reach a peak at 47 days.
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Zhou X, Shen M, Xie J, et al. The development of the refractive status and ocular growth in C57BL/6 mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008; 49:5208-5214. This study provides a helpful record of refraction, corneal curvature, axial components, and the correlations between refraction and ocular growth during emmetropization in mice. Refraction was most myopic at day 25 and then changed in the hyperopic direction to reach a peak at 47 days.
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(2008)
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci
, vol.49
, pp. 5208-5214
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Zhou, X.1
Shen, M.2
Xie, J.3
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48
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58249094496
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Association of PAX6 polymorphisms with high myopia in Han Chinese nuclear families
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This study demonstrates the association of several PAX6 variants with susceptibility to high myopia in southern Han Chinese, thereby suggesting that polymorphisms in the PAX6 locus may play a significant role in high myopia in this population.
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Han W, Leung KH, Fung WY, et al. Association of PAX6 polymorphisms with high myopia in Han Chinese nuclear families. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2009; 50:47-56. This study demonstrates the association of several PAX6 variants with susceptibility to high myopia in southern Han Chinese, thereby suggesting that polymorphisms in the PAX6 locus may play a significant role in high myopia in this population.
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(2009)
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci
, vol.50
, pp. 47-56
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Han, W.1
Leung, K.H.2
Fung, W.Y.3
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49
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35748941672
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The roles of PAX6 and SOX2 in myopia: Lessons from the 1958 British birth cohort
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Simpson CL, Hysi P, Bhattacharya SS, et al. The roles of PAX6 and SOX2 in myopia: lessons from the 1958 British birth cohort. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007; 48:4421-4425.
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(2007)
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci
, vol.48
, pp. 4421-4425
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Simpson, C.L.1
Hysi, P.2
Bhattacharya, S.S.3
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50
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40749117606
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Common MFRP sequence variants are not associated with moderate to high hyperopia, isolated microphthalmia, and high myopia
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The MFRP gene has been hypothesized to play a role in axial length regulation. This study of nonsyndromic high-myopia families shows no association between 16 MFRP SNPs and moderate-to-high hyperopia, microphthalmia/ anophthalmia, or high myopia. Family-based association analysis also did not reveal any association between the 17 SNPs genotyped in the larger family data set for any refractive error type. Thus, the findings indicate that the MFRP gene may not play a role in regulating ocular axial length in these phenotypes.
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Metlapally R, Li YJ, Tran-Viet KN, et al. Common MFRP sequence variants are not associated with moderate to high hyperopia, isolated microphthalmia, and high myopia. Mol Vis 2008; 14:387-393. The MFRP gene has been hypothesized to play a role in axial length regulation. This study of nonsyndromic high-myopia families shows no association between 16 MFRP SNPs and moderate-to-high hyperopia, microphthalmia/anophthalmia, or high myopia. Family-based association analysis also did not reveal any association between the 17 SNPs genotyped in the larger family data set for any refractive error type. Thus, the findings indicate that the MFRP gene may not play a role in regulating ocular axial length in these phenotypes.
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(2008)
Mol Vis
, vol.14
, pp. 387-393
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Metlapally, R.1
Li, Y.J.2
Tran-Viet, K.N.3
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51
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34047252192
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Linkage and association of myocilin (MYOC) polymorphisms with high myopia in a Chinese population
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Tang WC, Yip SP, Lo KK, et al. Linkage and association of myocilin (MYOC) polymorphisms with high myopia in a Chinese population. Mol Vis 2007; 13:534-544.
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(2007)
Mol Vis
, vol.13
, pp. 534-544
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Tang, W.C.1
Yip, S.P.2
Lo, K.K.3
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52
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67549085398
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Common variant in myocilin gene is associated with high myopia in isolated population of Korcula Island, Croatia
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This study confirmed an association between high myopia and a common variant in the myocilin gene in 19 individuals in Korcula Island, Croatia. The results must be interpreted with caution, as the study was relatively underpowered and had limited SNP coverage.
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Vatavuk Z, Skunca Herman J, Bencić G, et al. Common variant in myocilin gene is associated with high myopia in isolated population of Korcula Island, Croatia. Croat Med J 2009; 50:17-22. This study confirmed an association between high myopia and a common variant in the myocilin gene in 19 individuals in Korcula Island, Croatia. The results must be interpreted with caution, as the study was relatively underpowered and had limited SNP coverage.
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(2009)
Croat Med J
, vol.50
, pp. 17-22
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Vatavuk, Z.1
Skunca Herman, J.2
Bencić, G.3
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53
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66849091235
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Myopia and polymorphisms in genes for matrix metalloproteinases
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Hall et al. report an association between common myopia and polymorphisms in three genes coding for MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-9, enzymes that degrade matrix proteins and modulate scleral extensibility. In their population of white English individuals, risk of myopia increased progressively with dose of polymorphic alleles in these three genes.
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Hall NF, Gale CR, Ye S, Martyn CN. Myopia and polymorphisms in genes for matrix metalloproteinases. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2009; 50:2632-2636. Hall et al. report an association between common myopia and polymorphisms in three genes coding for MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-9, enzymes that degrade matrix proteins and modulate scleral extensibility. In their population of white English individuals, risk of myopia increased progressively with dose of polymorphic alleles in these three genes.
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(2009)
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci
, vol.50
, pp. 2632-2636
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Hall, N.F.1
Gale, C.R.2
Ye, S.3
Martyn, C.N.4
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54
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55449092600
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Identification and replication of three novel myopia common susceptibility gene loci on chromosome 3q26 using linkage and linkage disequilibrium mapping
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This is the first evidence of involvement of mitochondrial regulatory processes in myopia development. The authors confirmed evidence for linkage to chromosome 3q26 and conducted fine-scale association mapping. They identify three loci with putative common functional variants centered on MFN1, upstream from alternate-splicing SOX2OT and PSARL, and replicate these results in an independent sample. As MFN1 and PSARL both influence mitochondrial regulatory processes in the retina, these findings are surprising and may suggest a novel perspective of the molecular genetic basis of common myopia.
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Andrew T, Maniatis N, Carbonaro F, et al. Identification and replication of three novel myopia common susceptibility gene loci on chromosome 3q26 using linkage and linkage disequilibrium mapping. PLoS Genet 2008; 4:e1000220. This is the first evidence of involvement of mitochondrial regulatory processes in myopia development. The authors confirmed evidence for linkage to chromosome 3q26 and conducted fine-scale association mapping. They identify three loci with putative common functional variants centered on MFN1, upstream from alternate-splicing SOX2OT and PSARL, and replicate these results in an independent sample. As MFN1 and PSARL both influence mitochondrial regulatory processes in the retina, these findings are surprising and may suggest a novel perspective of the molecular genetic basis of common myopia.
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(2008)
PLoS Genet
, vol.4
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Andrew, T.1
Maniatis, N.2
Carbonaro, F.3
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55
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64049109511
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Evaluation of the X-linked high grade myopia locus (MYP1) with cone dysfunction and color vision deficiencies
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This study establishes the association between TEX28 CNVs and the MYP1 X-linked myopia phenotypes. It also reveals that a range of copies (one to five), not only three copies as previously thought, can produce the same phenotype.
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Metlapally R, Michaelides M, Bulusu A, et al. Evaluation of the X-linked high grade myopia locus (MYP1) with cone dysfunction and color vision deficiencies. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008; 50:1552-1558. This study establishes the association between TEX28 CNVs and the MYP1 X-linked myopia phenotypes. It also reveals that a range of copies (one to five), not only three copies as previously thought, can produce the same phenotype.
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(2008)
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci
, vol.50
, pp. 1552-1558
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Metlapally, R.1
Michaelides, M.2
Bulusu, A.3
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56
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34347375054
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Candidate gene and locus analysis of myopia
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Mutti DO, Cooper ME, O'Brien S, et al. Candidate gene and locus analysis of myopia. Mol Vis 2007; 13:1012-1019. (Pubitemid 47019434)
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(2007)
Molecular Vision
, vol.13
, pp. 1012-1019
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Mutti, D.O.1
Cooper, M.E.2
O'Brien, S.3
Jones, L.A.4
Marazita, M.L.5
Murray, J.C.6
Zadnik, K.7
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57
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38949159652
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Stickler and branchio-oto-renal syndromes in a patient with mutations in EYA1 and COL2A1 genes
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DOI 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2007.00947.x
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Olavarrieta L, Morales-Angulo C, del Castillo I, et al. Stickler and branchio-otorenal syndromes in a patient with mutations in EYA1 and COL2A1 genes. Clin Genet 2008; 73:262-267. Sequence analysis of three individuals with familial Stickler syndrome type I reveals a novel COL2A1 mutation (c.1468-1475delinsT) that accounts for the STL1 phenotype. This phenotype includes myopia, congenital vitreous anomaly, and orofacial, articular, and auditory manifestations. (Pubitemid 351228513)
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(2008)
Clinical Genetics
, vol.73
, Issue.3
, pp. 262-267
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Olavarrieta, L.1
Morales-Angulo, C.2
Del Castillo, I.3
Moreno, F.4
Moreno-Pelayo, M.A.5
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58
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34548363476
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Significant ocular findings are a feature of heritable bone dysplasias resulting from defects in type II collagen
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DOI 10.1136/bjo.2006.112482
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Meredith SP, Richards AJ, Bearcroft P, et al. Significant ocular findings are a feature of heritable bone dysplasias resulting from defects in type II collagen. Br J Ophthalmol 2007; 91:1148-1151. (Pubitemid 47344887)
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(2007)
British Journal of Ophthalmology
, vol.91
, Issue.9
, pp. 1148-1151
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Meredith, S.P.1
Richards, A.J.2
Bearcroft, P.3
Pouson, A.V.4
Snead, M.P.5
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59
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34547745989
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The COL1A1 gene and high myopia susceptibility in Japanese
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DOI 10.1007/s00439-007-0388-1
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Inamori Y, Ota M, Inoko H, et al. The COL1A1 gene and high myopia susceptibility in Japanese. Hum Genet 2007; 122:151-157. (Pubitemid 47241780)
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(2007)
Human Genetics
, vol.122
, Issue.2
, pp. 151-157
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Inamori, Y.1
Ota, M.2
Inoko, H.3
Okada, E.4
Nishizaki, R.5
Shiota, T.6
Mok, J.7
Oka, A.8
Ohno, S.9
Mizuki, N.10
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60
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59449095629
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Absence of association between COL1A1 polymorphisms and high myopia in the Japanese population
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This study is a follow-up to the Inamori et al. study in September 2007, which identified COL1A1 as a candidate gene for high myopia in a Japanese population. Using a tagging single nucleotide polymorphism (tSNP) approach, this study reveals no association between high myopia and the two SNPs identified in the paper by Inamori et al., suggesting that the genetic risk associated with this gene, if any, is weaker than originally reported.
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Nakanishi H, Yamada R, Gotoh N, et al. Absence of association between COL1A1 polymorphisms and high myopia in the Japanese population. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2009; 50:544-550. This study is a follow-up to the Inamori et al. study in September 2007, which identified COL1A1 as a candidate gene for high myopia in a Japanese population. Using a tagging single nucleotide polymorphism (tSNP) approach, this study reveals no association between high myopia and the two SNPs identified in the paper by Inamori et al., suggesting that the genetic risk associated with this gene, if any, is weaker than originally reported.
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(2009)
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci
, vol.50
, pp. 544-550
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Nakanishi, H.1
Yamada, R.2
Gotoh, N.3
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61
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39549090489
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Assessment of TGIF as a candidate gene for myopia
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This is the first study to evaluate the association of the TGIF gene with high myopia. The data revealed no significant association for either ocular biometric measures or refraction in a white population, indicating that TGIF is unlikely to play a major role in these values in whites. Thus, focus should turn to investigating other genes in the MYP2 linkage region or in other linkage regions.
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Pertile KK, Schache M, Islam FM, et al. Assessment of TGIF as a candidate gene for myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008; 49:49-54. This is the first study to evaluate the association of the TGIF gene with high myopia. The data revealed no significant association for either ocular biometric measures or refraction in a white population, indicating that TGIF is unlikely to play a major role in these values in whites. Thus, focus should turn to investigating other genes in the MYP2 linkage region or in other linkage regions.
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(2008)
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci
, vol.49
, pp. 49-54
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Pertile, K.K.1
Schache, M.2
Islam, F.M.3
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62
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64049103063
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High myopia is not associated with the SNPs in the TGIF, Lumican, TGFB1, and HGF genes
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This study investigates the previously reported association between four SNPs in the TGIF, Lumican, TGFB1, and HGF genes and high myopia in Chinese individuals living in south-east China. The study genotypes these SNPs by restrict fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis and finds no association between high myopia and these SNPs, providing a contrary view to the previous reports.
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Wang P, Li S, Xiao X, et al. High myopia is not associated with the SNPs in the TGIF, Lumican, TGFB1, and HGF genes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2009; 50:1546-1551. This study investigates the previously reported association between four SNPs in the TGIF, Lumican, TGFB1, and HGF genes and high myopia in Chinese individuals living in south-east China. The study genotypes these SNPs by restrict fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis and finds no association between high myopia and these SNPs, providing a contrary view to the previous reports.
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(2009)
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci
, vol.50
, pp. 1546-1551
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Wang, P.1
Li, S.2
Xiao, X.3
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