A tolerability study of pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in myopic children

Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics

Volumn 19, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 271-279

  Bartlett, Jimmy D ^a,b,c   Niemann, Katherine ^a,b,c   Houde, Barbara ^a,b,c   Allred, Troy ^a,b,c   Edmondson, Marcia J ^a,b,c   Crockett, R S ^a,b,c  

^a University of Alabama School of Medicine ^*

^b University of Alabama at Birmingham   (United States)

^c DATA Inc   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

PIRENZEPINE; PLACEBO;

ABDOMINAL PAIN; ACCOMMODATION; ALLERGIC REACTION; ARTICLE; ASTIGMATISM; BODY WEIGHT DISORDER; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CLINICAL TRIAL; COMMON COLD; CONJUNCTIVITIS; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE EXACERBATION; DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG INSTILLATION; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG TOLERABILITY; EYE BURN; EYE DISEASE; EYE PAIN; EYELID DISEASE; FEMALE; FOREIGN BODY; GEL; HEADACHE; HUMAN; INJURY; KERATITIS; LACRIMAL GLAND DISEASE; MALE; MEIBOMIAN GLAND; MYOPIA; NEUROLOGIC DISEASE; OCULAR PRURITUS; PHARYNGITIS; PHOTOPHOBIA; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RESPIRATORY TRACT DISEASE; RHINITIS; SCHOOL CHILD; SCOTOMA; SINUSITIS; URTICARIA; VISUAL DISORDER; VISUAL IMPAIRMENT; WEIGHT GAIN; XEROSTOMIA;

EID: 0038312225     PISSN: 10807683     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1089/108076803321908392     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. Teasdale, T. W., Fuchs, J., and Goldschmidt, E. Degree of myopia in relation to intelligence and educational level. Lancet. 2:1351-1354, 1988.
2. Fledelius, H. C. Myopia prevalence in Scandinavia. A survey, with emphasis on factors of relevance for epidemiological refraction studies in general. Acta Ophthalmol. Suppl. 185:44-50, 1988.
3. Sperduto, R. D., Seigel, D., Roberts, J., and Rowland, M. Prevalence of myopia in the United States. Arch Ophthalmol. 101:405-407, 1983.
4. Fredrick, D. R. Myopia. BMJ. 324:1195-1199, 2002.
5. Lotufo, D., Ritch, R., Szmyd, L., Jr., and Burris, J. E. Juvenile glaucoma, race, and refraction. JAMA. 261:249-252, 1989.
6. Mitchell, P., Hourihan, F., Sandbach, J., and Wang, J. J. The relationship between glaucoma and myopia: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Ophthalmology. 106:2010-2015, 1999.
7. Goss, D. A. Attempts to reduce the rate of increase of myopia in young people - a critical literature review. Am J Optom. Physiol. Opt. 59:828-841, 1982.
8. McKanna, J. A. and Casagrande, V. A. Reduced lens development in lid-suture myopia. Exp. Eye Res. 26:715-723, 1978.
9. McBrien, N. A., Moghaddam, H. O., and Reeder, A. P. Atropine reduces axial elongation and myopia in visually impaired chick eyes. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 32:1203-1203, 1991.
10. Yen, M. Y., Liu, J. H., Kao, S. C., and Shiao, C. H. Comparison of the effect of atropine and cyclopentolate on myopia. Ann. Ophthalmol. 21:180-187, 1989.
11. Shih, Y.-F., Chen, C.-H., Chou, A.-C., Ho, T.-C., Link, L. L.-K., and Hung, P.-T. Effects of different concentrations of atropine on controlling myopia in myopic children. J Ocul. Pharmacol. Ther. 15:85-90, 1999.
12. Shih, Y. F., Hsiao, C. K., Chen, C. J., Chang, C. W., Hung, P. T., and Lin, L. L. An intervention trial on efficacy of atropine and multi-focal glasses in controlling myopic progression. Acta Ophthalmol. Scand. 79:233-236, 2001.
13. Stone, R. A., Lin, T., and Laties, A. M. Muscarinic antagonist effects on experimental chick myopia [letter]. Exp. Eye Res. 52:755-758, 1991.
14. Cottriall, C. L. and McBrien, N. A. The MI muscarinic antagonist pirenzepine reduces myopia and eye enlargement in the tree shrew. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 37:1368-1379, 1996.
15. Tigges, M., Iuvone, P. M., Fernandes, A., Sugrue, M. F., Mallorga, P. J., Laties, A. M., and Stone, R. A. Effects of muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonists on postnatal eye growth of rhesus monkeys. Optom. Vis. Sci. 76:397-407, 1999.
16. Dorje, F., Wess, J., Lambrecht, G., Tacke, R., Mutschler, E., and Brann, M. R. Antagonist binding profiles of five cloned human muscarinic receptor subtypes. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 256:727-733, 1991.
17. Buckley, N. J., Bonner, T. I., Buckley, C. M., and Brann, M. R. Antagonist binding properties of five cloned muscarinic receptors expressed in CHO-K1 cells. Mol. Pharmacol. 35:469-476, 1989.
18. Gabelt, B. T. and Kaufman, P. L. Inhibition of outflow facility and accommodative and miotic responses to pilocarpine in rhesus monkeys by muscarinic receptor subtype antagonists. J Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 263:1133-1139, 1992.
19. Poyer, J. F., Gabelt, B. T., and Kaufman, P. L. The effect of muscarinic agonists and selective receptor subtype antagonists on the contractile response of the isolated rhesus monkey ciliary muscle. Exp. Eye Res. 59:729-736, 1994.
20. Gil, D. W., Krauss, H. A., Bogardus, A. M., and Woldemussie, E. Muscarinic receptor subtypes in human iris-ciliary body measured by immunoprecipitation. Invest Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 38:1434-1442, 1997.
21. Shedden, A. H., Sciberras, D., Hutzelmann, J., and van Nispen, C. Tolerability of pirenzepine ophthalmic solution in adult male volunteers. Invest Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 39:S279, 1998.
22. Karageozian, H. L., Parrish, J. H., Shibuya, R. B., and Ayers, L. Pirenzepine (PIR) Ophthalmic Gel: Concentration and time-response in rabbits. Invest Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 42:S59.-Abstr Nr. 330, 2001.
23. Cacho, P., Garcia, A., Lara, F., and Segui, M. M. Diagnostic signs of accommodative insufficiency. Optom. Vis. Sci. 79:614-620, 2002.
24. Rouse, M. W., Borsting, E., Hyman, L., Hussein, M., Cotter, S. A., Flynn, M., Scheiman, M., Gallaway, M., and De Land, P. N. Frequency of convergence insufficiency among fifth and sixth graders. The Convergence Insufficiency and Reading Study (CIRS) group. Optom. Vis. Sci. 76: 643-649, 1999.