Separation of metallic and semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotubes

Carbon Nanotubes and their Applications

Volumn , Issue , 2011, Pages 121-148

  Chen, Yuan ^a   Ng, Andrew Keong ^b   Bai, Shihe ^a   Si, Rongmei ^a   Wei, Li ^a   Wanga, Qiang ^a  

^a Nanyang Technological University   (Singapore)

^b INSTITUTE FOR INFOCOMM RESEARCH   (Singapore)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84880187136     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4032/9789814303187     Document Type: Chapter

References (127)

1. Wallace, P. R. (1947). The band theory of graphite, Phys. Rev., 71, pp. 622-634.
2. Dresselhaus, M. S.; Dresselhaus, G.; Saito, R. (1992). Carbon-fibers based on C-60 and their symmetry, Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter, 45, pp. 6234-6242.
3. Saito, R.; Fujita, M.; Dresselhaus, G.; Dresselhaus, M. S. (1992). Electronic-structure of graphene tubules based on C-60, Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter, 46, pp. 1804-1811.
4. Odom, T. W.; Huang, J. L.; Kim, P.; Lieber, C. M. (1998). Atomic structure and electronic properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes, Nature, 391, pp. 62-64.
5. Wildoer, J. W. G.; Venema, L. C.; Rinzler, A. G.; Smalley, R. E.; Dekker, C. (1998). Electronic structure of atomically resolved carbon nanotubes, Nature, 391, pp. 59-62.
6. Zhou, X. J.; Park, J. Y.; Huang, S. M.; Liu, J.; McEuen, P. L. (2005). Band structure, phonon scattering, and the performance limit of single-walled carbon nanotube transistors, Phys. Rev. Lett., 95, pp. 146805.
7. Dai, H. J.; Javey, A.; Pop, E.; Mann, D.; Kim, W.; Lu, Y. R. (2006). Electrical transport properties and field efect transistors of carbon nanotubes, Nano, 1, pp. 1-13.
8. Banerjee, S.; Hemraj-Benny, T.; Wong, S. S. (2005). Routes towards separating metallic and semiconducting nanotubes, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 5, pp. 841-855.
9. Hersam, M. C. (2008). Progress towards monodisperse single-walled carbon nanotubes, Nat. Nanotechnol., 3, pp. 387-394.
10. Liu, J.; Hersam, M. C. (2010). Recent developments in carbon nanotube sorting and selective growth, MRS Bull, 35, pp. 315-321.
11. Loiseau, A.; Launois, P.; Petit, P.; Roche, S.; Salvetat, J.-P. (2006) Understanding Carbon Nanotubes from Basics to Applications, 1st Ed. (Springer-Verlag, Berlin).
12. Ouyang, M.; Huang, J. L.; Lieber, C. M. (2002). Fundamental electronic properties and applications of single-walled carbon nanotubes, Acc. Chem. Res, 35, pp. 1018-1025.
13. Ouyang, M.; Huang, J. L.; Lieber, C. M. (2002). Scanning tunneling microscopy studies of the one-dimensional electronic properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes, Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem., 53, pp. 201-220.
14. Charlier, J. C; Blase, X.; Roche, S. (2007). Electronic and transport properties of nanotubes, Rev. Mod. Phys, 79, pp. 677-732.
15. Collins, P. C; Arnold, M. S.; Avouris, P. (2001). Engineering carbon nanotubes and nanotube circuits using electrical breakdown, Science, 292, pp. 706-709.
16. Collins, P. G.; Hersam, M.; Arnold, M.; Martel, R; Avouris, P. (2001). Current saturation and electrical breakdown in multiwalled carbon nanotubes, Phys. Rev. Lett, 86, pp. 3128-3131.
17. Stahl, H.; Appenzeller, J.; Martel, R; Avouris, P.; Lengeler, B. (2000). Intertube coupling in ropes of single-wall carbon nanotubes, Phys. Rev. Lett, 85, pp. 5186-5189.
18. Benedict, L. X.; Louie, S. G.; Cohen, M. L. (1995). Static polarizabilities of single-wall carbon nanotubes, Phys. Rev. B Condens Matter, 52, pp. 8541-8549.
19. Krupke, R.; Hennrich, F.; von Lohneysen, H.; Kappes, M. M. (2003). Separation of metallic from semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes, Science, 301, pp. 344-347.
20. Krupke, R; Hennrich, F.; Kappes, M. M.; Lohneysen, H. V. (2004). Surface conductance induced dielectrophoresis of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes, Nano Lett, 4, pp. 1395-1399.
21. Blatt, S.; Hennrich, F.; von Lohneysen, H.; Kappes, M. M.; Vijayaraghavan, A.; Krupke, R (2007). Influence of structural and dielectric anisotropy on the dielectrophoresis of single-walled carbon nanotubes, Nano Lett, 7, pp. 1960-1966.
22. Hong, S.; Jung, S.; Choi, J.; Kim, Y.; Baik, S. (2007). Electrical transport characteristics of surface-conductance-controlled, dielectrophoretically separated single-walled carbon nanotubes, Langmuir, 23, pp. 4749-4752.
23. Kim, Y; Hong, S.; Jung, S.; Strano, M. S.; Choi, J.; Baik, S. (2006). Dielectrophoresis of surface conductance modulated single-walled carbon nanotubes using catanionic surfactants,/ Phys. Chem. B, 110, pp. 1541-1545.
24. Kang, J.; Hong, S.; Kim, Y; Baik, S. (2009). Controlling the carbon nanotube-to-medium conductivity ratio for dielectrophoretic separation, Lcmgmuir, 25, pp. 12471-12474.
25. Mendes, M. J.; Schmidt, H. K.; Pasquali, M. (2008). Brownian dynamics simulations of single-wall carbon nanotube separation by type using dielectrophoresis,/ Phys. Chem. B, 112, pp. 7467-7477.
26. Lutz, T; Donovan, K. J. (2005). Macroscopic scale separation of metallic and semiconducting nanotubes by dielectrophoresis, Carbon, 43, pp. 2508-2513.
27. Burg, B. R; Schneider, J.; Bianco, V.; Schirmer, N. C; Poulikakos, D. (2010). Selective parallel integration of individual metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes from heterogeneous solutions, Lcmgmuir, 26, pp. 10419-10424.
28. Peng, H. Q.; Alvarez, N. T; Kittrell, C; Hauge, R. H.; Schmidt, H. K. (2006). Dielectrophoresis field flow fractionation of single-walled carbon nanotubes,/ Am. Chem. Soc, 128, pp. 8396-8397.
29. Shin, D. H.; Kim, J. E.; Shim, H. C; Song, J. W; Yoon, J. H.; Kim, J.; Jeong, S.; Kang, J.; Baik, S.; Han, C. S. (2008). Continuous extraction of highly pure metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes in a microfluidic channel, Nano Lett, 8, pp. 4380-4385.
30. Niyogi, S.; Hamon, M. A.; Hu, H.; Zhao, B.; Bhowmik, P.; Sen, R; Itkis, M. E.; Haddon, R C. (2002). Chemistry of single-walled carbon nanotubes, Ace. Chem. Res., 35, pp. 1105-1113.
31. Joselevich, E. (2004). Electronic structure and chemical reactivity of carbon nanotubes: a chemists view, ChemPhysChem, 5, pp. 619-624.
32. Ormsby J. L.; King, B. T. (2004). Clar valence bond representation of pi-bonding in carbon nanotubes,/ Org. Chem., 69, pp. 4287-4291.
33. Hofmann, R (1988). A chemical and theoretical way to look at bonding on surfaces, Rev. Mod. Phys, 60, pp. 601-628.
34. Sumpter, B. G.; Jiang, D. E.; Meunier, V. (2008). New insight into carbon-nanotube electronic-structure selectivity, Small, 4, pp. 2035-2042.
35. Matsuo, Y; Tahara, K; Nakamura, E. (2003). Theoretical studies on structures and aromaticity of finite-length armchair carbon nanotubes, Org. Lett, 5, pp. 3181-3184
36. Lu, X.; Chen, Z. F. (2005). Curved pi-conjugation, aromaticity, and the related chemistry of small fullerenes (< C-60) and single-walled carbon nanotubes, Chem. Rev., 105, pp. 3643-3696.
37. Strano, M. S.; Dyke, C. A.; Usrey, M. L.; Barone, P. W; Allen, M. J.; Shan, H. W.; Kittrell, C; Hauge, R. H.; Tour, J. M.; Smalley, R. E. (2003). Electronic structure control of single-walled carbon nanotube functionalization, Science, 301, pp. 1519-1522.
38. An, L.; Fu, Q. A; Lu, C. G.; Liu, J. (2004). A simple chemical route to selectively eliminate metallic carbon nanotubes in nanotube network devices, J. Am. Chem. Soc, 126, pp. 10520-10521.
39. Usrey, M. L.; Lippmann, E. S.; Strano, M. S. (2005). Evidence for a two-step mechanism in electronically selective single-walled carbon nanotube reactions, J. Am. Chem. Soc, 127, pp. 16129-16135.
40. Doyle, C. D.; Rocha, J. D. R; Weisman, R B.; Tour, J. M. (2008). Structure-dependent reactivity of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes with benzenediazonium salts, J. Am. Chem. Soc, 130, pp. 6795-6800.
41. Ghosh, S.; Rao, C. N. R (2009). Separation of metallic and semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes through fluorous chemistry, Nano Res., 2, pp. 183-191.
42. Kim, W. J.; Usrey, M. L.; Strano, M. S. (2007). Selective functionalization and free solution electrophoresis of single-walled carbon nanotubes: separate enrichment of metallic and semiconducting SWNT, Chem. Mater., 19, pp. 1571-1576.
43. Lee, C. W; Han, X. D.; Chen, F. M.; Wei, J.; Chen, Y.; Chan-Park, M. B.; Li, L. J. (2010). Solution-processable carbon nanotubes for semiconducting thin-film transistor devices, Adv. Mater., 22, pp. 1278-1282.
44. Nair, N.; Kim, W. J.; Usrey, M. L.; Strano, M. S. (2007). A structure-reactivity relationship for single walled carbon nanotubes reacting with 4-hydroxybenzene diazonium salt, J. Am. Chem. Soc, 129, pp. 3946-3954
45. Toyoda, S.; Yamaguchi, Y; Hiwatashi, M.; Tomonari, Y; Murakami, H.; Nakashima, N. (2007). Separation of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes by using a long-alkyl-chain benzenediazonium compound, Chem. Asian J., 2, pp. 145-149.
46. Banerjee, S.; Wong, S. S. (2004). Demonstration of diameter-selective reactivity in the sidewall ozonation of SWNTs by resonance Raman spectroscopy Nano Lett, 4, pp. 1445-1450.
47. Hu, H.; Zhao, B.; Hamon, M. A; Kamaras, K; Itkis, M. E.; Haddon, R C. (2003). Sidewall functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubesby addition of dichlorocarbene, J. Am. Chem. Soc, 125, pp. 14893-14900.
48. Kamaras, K.; Itkis, M. E.; Hu, H.; Zhao, B.; Haddon, R. C. (2003). Covalent bond formation to a carbon nanotube metal, Science, 301, pp. 1501-1501.
49. An, K. H.; Park, J. S.; Yang, C. M.; Jeong, S. Y.; Lim, S. C; Kang, C; Son, J. H.; Jeong, M. S.; Lee, Y H. (2005). A diameter-selective attack of metallic carbon nanotubes by nitronium ions, J. Am. Chem. Soc, 127, pp. 5196-5203.
50. An, K. H.; Yang, C. M.; Lee, J. Y; Lim, S. C; Kang, C; Son, J. H.; Jeong, M. S.; Lee, Y H. (2006). A diameter-selective chiral separation of single-wall carbon nanotubes using nitronium ions, J. Electron. Mater., 35, pp. 235-242.
51. Yang, C. M.; Park, J. S.; An, K. H.; Lim, S. C; Seo, K.; Kim, B.; Park, K. A.; Han, S.; Park, C. Y; Lee, Y H. (2005). Selective removal of metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes with small diameters by using nitric and sulfuric acids, J. Phys. Chem. B, 109, pp. 19242-19248.
52. Banerjee, S.; Wong, S. S. (2004). Selective metallic tube reactivity in the solution-phase osmylation of single-walled carbon nanotubes, J. Am. Chem. Soc, 126, pp. 2073-2081.
53. Zhang, G. Y; Qi, P. F; Wang, X. R.; Lu, Y R.; Li, X. L.; Tu, R; Bangsaruntip, S.; Mann, D.; Zhang, L.; Dai, H. J. (2006). Selective etching of metallic carbon nanotubes by gas-phase reaction, Science, 314, pp. 974-977.
54. Yang, C. M.; An, K. H.; Park, J. S.; Park, K. A; Lim, S. C; Cho, S. H.; Lee, Y S.; Park, W; Park, C. Y; Lee, Y H. (2006). Preferential etching of metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes with small diameter by fluorine gas, Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter, 73, doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.075419.
55. Kanungo, M.; Lu, H.; Malliaras, G. G.; Blanchet, G. B. (2009). Suppression of metallic conductivity of single-walled carbon nanotubes by cycloaddition reactions, Science, 323, pp. 234-237.
56. Bergeret, C.; Cousseau, J.; Fernandez, V.; Mevellec, J. Y; Lefrant, S. (2008). Spectroscopic evidence of carbon nanotubes metallic character loss induced by covalent functionalization via nitric acid purification, J. Phys. Chem. C, 112, pp. 16411-16416.
57. Qiu, H. X; Maeda, Y; Akasaka, T. (2009). Facile and scalable route for highly efficient enrichment of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes, J. Am. Chem. Soc, 131, pp. 16529-16533.
58. Yu, B.; Hou, P. X; Li, F; Liu, B. L.; Liu, C; Cheng, H. M. (2010). Selective removal of metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes by combined in situ and post-synthesis oxidation, Carbon, 48, pp. 2941-2947.
59. Lu,J.; Lai, L.; Luo, G.; Zhou,J.; Qin, R; Wang, D.; Wang, L.; Mei, W N.; Li, G.; Gao, Z.; Nagase, S.; Maeda, Y; Akasaka, T; Yu, D. (2007). Why semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes are separated from their metallic counterparts, Small, 3, pp. 1566-1576.
60. Miyata, Y; Maniwa, Y; Kataura, H. (2006). Selective oxidation of semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotubes by hydrogen peroxide, /. Phys. Chem. B, 110, pp. 25-29.
61. Yudasaka, M.; Zhang, M.; Iijima, S. (2003). Diameter-selective removal of single-wall carbon nanotubes through light-assisted oxidation, Chem. Phys. Lett., 374, pp. 132-136.
62. Menard-Moyon, C; Izard, N.; Doris, E.; Mioskowski, C. (2006). Separation of semiconducting from metallic carbon nanotubes by selective functionalization with azomethine ylides, / Am. Chem. Soc, 128, pp. 6552-6553.
63. Maeda, Y; Kanda, M.; Hashimoto, M.; Hasegawa, T; Kimura, S.; Lian, Y E; Wakahara, T; Akasaka, T; Kazaoui, S.; Minami, N.; Okazaki, T; Hayamizu, Y; Hata, K.; Lu, ).; Nagase, S. (2006). Dispersion and separation of small-diameter single-walled carbon nanotubes,/. Am. Chem. Soc, 128, pp. 12239-12242.
64. Maeda, Y; Kimura, S.; Kanda, M.; Hirashima, Y; Hasegawa, T; Wakahara, T; Lian, Y E; Nakahodo, T; Tsuchiya, T; Akasaka, T; Lu,J.; Zhang, X. W; Gao, Z. X.; Yu, Y P.; Nagase, S.; Kazaoui, S.; Minami, N.; Shimizu, T; Tokumoto, H.; Saito, R. (2005). Large-scale separation of metallic and semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes, / Am. Chem. Soc, 127, pp. 10287-10290.
65. LeMieux, M. C; Roberts, M.; Barman, S.; Jin, Y W; Kim, J. M.; Bao, Z. N. (2008). Self-sorted, aligned nanotube networks for thin-film transistors, Science, 321, pp. 101-104.
66. Chattopadhyay, D.; Galeska, L.; Papadimitrakopoulos, E (2003). A route for bulk separation of semiconducting from metallic single-wall carbon nanotubes,/ Am. Chem. Soc, 125, pp. 3370-3375.
67. Ju, S. Y; Utz, M.; Papadimitrakopoulos, E (2009). Enrichment mechanism of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes by surfactant amines,/ Am. Chem. Soc, 131, pp. 6775-6784.
68. Kim, S. N.; Luo, Z. T; Papadimitrakopoulos, E (2005). Diameter and metallicity dependent redox influences on the separation of single-wall carbon nanotubes, Nemo Lett, 5, pp. 2500-2504
69. Samsonidze, G. G.; Chou, S. G.; Santos, A. P.; Brar, V. W; Dresselhaus, G.; Dresselhaus, M. S.; Selbst, A; Swan, A. K; Unlu, M. S.; Goldberg,B. B.; Chattopadhyay, D.; Kim, S. N.; Papadimitrakopoulos, F. (2004). Quantitative evaluation of the octadecylamine-assisted bulk separation of semiconducting and metallic single-wall carbon nanotubes by resonance Raman spectroscopy, 85, pp. 1006-1008.
70. Chen, Z. H.; Du, X.; Du, M. H.; Rancken, C. D.; Cheng, H. P.; Rinzler, A. G. (2003). Bulk separative enrichment in metallic or semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes, Nemo Lett, 3, pp. 1245-1249.
71. Park, N.; Miyamoto, Y; Lee, K.; Choi, W. I.; Ihm, J.; Yu, J. J.; Han, S. W. (2005). Band gap sensitivity of bromine adsorption at carbon nanotubes, Carbon, 403, pp. 135-139.
72. Lu, J.; Nagase, S.; Zhang, X. W; Wang, D.; Ni, M.; Maeda, Y; Wakahara, T.; Nakahodo, T; Tsuchiya, T; Akasaka, T; Gao, Z. X; Yu, D. P.; Ye, H. Q.; Mei, W. N.; Zhou, Y. S. (2006). Selective interaction of large or charge-transfer aromatic molecules with metallic single-wall carbon nanotubes: Critical role of the molecular size and orientation,/ Am. Chem. Soc, 128, pp. 5114-5118.
73. McDonald, T. J.; Blackburn, J. L.; Metzger, W. K.; Rumbles, G.; Heben, M. J. (2007). Chiral-selective protection of single-walled carbon nanotube photoluminescence by surfactant selection,/ Phys. Chem. C, 111, pp. 17894-17900.
74. McDonald, T. J.; Engtrakul, C; Jones, M.; Rumbles, G.; Heben, M. J. (2006). Kinetics of PL quenching during single-walled carbon nanotube rebundling and diameter-dependent surfactant interactions, / Phys. Chem. B, 110, pp. 25339-25346.
75. Moshammer, K; Hennrich, F.; Kappes, M. M. (2009). Selective suspension in aqueous sodium dodecyl sulfate according to electronic structure type allows simple separation of metallic from semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes, Nemo Res, 2, pp. 599-606.
76. Wei, L.; Wang, B.; Goh, T. H.; Li, L.-J.; Yang, Y; Chan-Park, M. B.; Chen, Y (2008). Selective enrichment of (6,5) and (8,3) single-walled carbon nanotubes via cosurfactant extraction from narrow (n,m) distribution samples,/ Phys. Chem. B, 112, pp. 2771-2774.
77. Li, H. P.; Zhou, B.; Lin, Y; Gu, L. R.; Wang, W; Fernando, K. A. S.; Kumar, S.; Allard, L. F.; Sun, Y. P. (2004). Selective interactions of porphyrins with semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes, J Am. Chem. Soc, 126, pp. 1014-1015.
78. Peng, X.; Komatsu, N.; Bhattacharya, S.; Shimawaki, T; Aonuma, S.; Kimura, T; Osuka, A. (2007). Optically active single-walled carbon nanotubes, Nat. NanotechnoL, 2, pp. 361-365.
79. Peng, X. B.; Komatsu, N.; Kimura, T; Osuka, A. (2007). Improved optical enrichment of SWNTs through extraction with chiral nanotweezers of 2,6-pyridylene-bridged diporphyrins, J. Am. Chem. Soc, 129, pp. 15947-15953.
80. Tromp, R. M.; Afzali, A.; Freitag, M.; Mitzi, D. B.; Chen, Z. (2008). Novel strategy for diameter-selective separation and functionalization of single-wall carbon nanotubes, Nano Lett, 8, pp. 469-472.
81. Chen, F. M.; Wang, B.; Chen, Y.; Li, L. J. (2007). Toward the extraction of single species of single-walled carbon nanotubes using fluorene-based polymers, Nano Lett, 7, pp. 3013-3017.
82. Hwang, J. Y; Nish, A; Doig, J.; Douven, S.; Chen, C. W; Chen, L. C; Nicholas, R. J. (2008). Polymer structure and solvent efects on the selective dispersion of single-walled carbon nanotubes, J. Am. Chem. Soc, 130, pp. 3543-3553.
83. Nish, A; Hwang, J. Y; Doig, J.; Nicholas, R J. (2007). Highly selective dispersion of singlewalled carbon nanotubes using aromatic polymers, Nat. Nanotechnol., 2, pp. 640-646.
84. Zheng, M.; Jagota, A; Strano, M. S.; Santos, A. P.; Barone, P.; Chou, S. G.; Diner, B. A.; Dresselhaus, M. S.; McLean, R S.; Onoa, G. B.; Samsonidze, G. G.; Semke, E. D.; Usrey, M.; Walls, D. J. (2003). Structure-based carbon nanotube sorting by sequence-dependent DNA assembly, Science, 302, pp. 1545-1548.
85. Fantini, C; Jorio, A; Santos, A. P.; Peressinotto, V. S. T; Pimenta, M. A. (2007). Characterization of DNA-wrapped carbon nanotubes by resonance Raman and optical absorption spectroscopies, Chem. Phys. Lett, 439, pp. 138-142.
86. Tu, X. M.; Manohar, S.; Jagota, A; Zheng, M. (2009). DNA sequence motifs for structure-specific recognition and separation of carbon nanotubes, Nature, 460, pp. 250-253.
87. Kato, Y; Niidome, Y; Nakashima, N. (2009). Efficient separation of (6,5) single-walled carbon nanotubes using a "nanometal sinker", Angew. Chem. Int. Ed, 48, pp. 5435-5438.
88. Ju, S. Y; Doll, J.; Sharma, I.; Papadimitrakopoulos, F. (2008). Selection of carbon nanotubes with specific chiralities using helical assemblies of flavin mononucleotide, Nat. Nanotechnol, 3, pp. 356-362.
89. Ju, S. Y; Kopcha, W P.; Papadimitrakopoulos, F. (2009). Brightly fluorescent single-walled carbon nanotubes via an oxygen-excluding surfactant organization, Science, 323, pp. 1319-1323.
90. Marquis, R.; Greco, C; Sadokierska, I.; Lebedkin, S.; Kappes, M. M.; Michel, T; Alvarez, L.; Sauvajol, J. L.; Meunier, S.; Mioskowski, C. (2008).Supramolecular discrimination of carbon nanotubes according to their helicity, Nano Lett, 8, pp. 1830-1835.
91. Yan, L. Y; Li, W. R; Fan, X. E; Wei, L.; Chen, Y; Kuo, J. L.; Li, L. J.; Kwak, S. K.; Mu, Y. G.; Chan-Park, M. B. (2010). Enrichment of (8,4) single-walled carbon nanotubes through coextraction with heparin, Small, 6, pp. 110-118.
92. Shin, H. J.; Kim, S. M.; Yoon, S. M.; Benayad, A.; Kim, K K.; Kim, S. J.; Park, H. K; Choi, J. Y; Lee, Y. H. (2008). Tailoring electronic structures of carbon nanotubes by solvent with electron-donating and -withdrawing groups, J. Am. Chem. Soc, 130, pp. 2062-2066.
93. Arnold, M. S.; Green, A. A; Hulvat, J. F.; Stupp, S. I.; Hersam, M. C. (2006). Sorting carbon nanotubes by electronic structure using density diferentiation, Nat. Nanotechnol., 1, pp. 60-65.
94. Carvalho, E. J. F.; dos Santos, M. C. (2010). Role of surfactants in carbon nanotubes density gradient separation, ACS Nano, 4, pp. 765-770.
95. Green, A. A.; Hersam, M. C. (2007). Ultracentrifugation of single-walled nanotubes, Mater. Today, 10, pp. 59-60.
96. Ghosh, S.; Bachilo, S. M.; Weisman, R. B. (2010). Advanced sorting of single-walled carbon nanotubes by nonlinear density-gradient ultracentrifugation, Nat. Nanotechnol., 5, pp. 443-450.
97. Stiirzl, N.; Hennrich, E; Lebedkin, S.; Kappes, M. M. (2009). Near monochiral single-walled carbon nanotube dispersions in organic solvents, J. Phys. Chem. C, 113, pp. 14628-14632.
98. Yanagi, K; Iitsuka, T; Fujii, S.; Kataura, H. (2008). Separations of metallic and semiconducting carbon nanotubes by using sucrose as a gradient medium, J. Phys. Chem. C, 112, pp. 18889-18894
99. Fagan, J A; Becker, M. L.; Chun, J. H.; Nie, P. T; Bauer, B. J.; Simpson, J. R; Hight-Walker, A; Hobbie, E. K. (2008). Centrifugal length separation of carbon nanotubes, Langmuir, 24, pp. 13880-13889.
100. Zheng, M.; Semke, E. D. (2007). Enrichment of single chirality carbon nanotubes, J. Am. Chem. Soc, 129, pp. 6084-6085.
101. Tanaka, T; Jin, H.; Miyata, Y; Fujii, S.; Suga, H.; Naitoh, Y; Minari, T; Miyadera, T; Tsukagoshi, K; Kataura, H. (2009). Simple and scalable gel-based separation of metallic and semiconducting carbon nanotubes, Nano Lett, 9, pp. 1497-1500.
102. Yanagi, K; Miyata, Y; Kataura, H. (2008). Optical and conductive characteristics of metallic single-wall carbon nanotubes with three basic colors; Cyan, magenta, and yellow, Appl. Phys. Express, 1, pp. 114001.
103. Gao, M.; Zuo, J. M.; Twesten, R. D.; Petrov, I.; Nagahara, L. A.; Zhang, R. (2003). Structure determination of individual single-wall carbon nanotubes by nanoarea electron difraction, Appl. Phys. Lett, 82, pp. 2703-2705.
104. Qin, L. C; Iijima, S.; Kataura, H.; Maniwa, Y; Suzuki, S.; Achiba, Y. (1997). Helicity and packing of single-walled carbon nanotubes studied by electron nanodifraction, Chem. Phys. Lett, 268, pp. 101-106.
105. Vijayaraghavan, A; Blatt, S.; Marquardt, C; Dehm, S.; Wahi, R; Hennrich, F.; Krupke, R (2008). Imaging electronic structure of carbon nanotubes by voltage-contrast scanning electron microscopy, Nemo Res., 1, pp. 321-332.
106. Lu, W; Xiong, Y; Hassanien, A; Zhao, W; Zheng, M.; Chen, L. W. (2009). A scanning probe microscopy based assay for single-walled carbon nanotube metallicity, Nemo Lett, 9, pp. 1668-1672.
107. Li, Y M.; Mann, D.; Rolandi, M.; Kim, W; Ural, A; Hung, S.; Javey A; Cao, J.; Wang, D. W; Yenilmez, E.; Wang, Q.; Gibbons, J. F.; Nishi, Y; Dai, H. J. (2004). Preferential growth of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes by a plasma enhanced CVD method, Nemo Lett, 4, pp. 317-321.
108. Kim, W J.; Lee, C. Y; O'Brien, K P.; Plombon, J. J.; Blackwell, J. M.; Strano, M. S. (2009). Connecting single molecule electrical measurements to ensemble spectroscopic properties for quantification of single-walled carbon nanotube separation,/. Am. Chem. Soc, 131, pp. 3128-3129.
109. Zhang, L.; Zaric, S.; Tu, X. M.; Wang, X. R; Zhao, W; Dai, H. J. (2008). Assessment of chemically separated carbon nanotubes for nanoelectronics,/. Am. Chem. Soc, 130, pp. 2686-2691.
110. Naumov, A. V.; Kuznetsov, O. A; Harutyunyan, A R.; Green, A A.; Hersam, M. C; Resasco, D. E.; Nikolaev, P. N.; Weisman, R B. (2009). Quantifying the semiconducting fraction in single-walled carbon nanotube samples through comparative atomic force and photoluminescence microscopies, Nemo Lett, 9, pp. 3203-3208.
111. Jorio, A.; Saito, R; Hafner, J. H.; Lieber, C. M.; Hunter, M.; McClure, T.; Dresselhaus, G.; Dresselhaus, M. S. (2001). Structural (n,m) determination of isolated single-wall carbon nanotubes by resonant Raman scattering, Phys. Rev. Lett, 86, pp. 1118.
112. Hagen, A; Hertel, T. (2003). Quantitative analysis of optical spectra from individual single-wall carbon nanotubes, Nemo Lett, 3, pp. 383-388.
113. Rao, A. M.; Richter, E.; Bandow, S.; Chase, B.; Eklund, P. C; Williams, K. A.; Fang, S.; Subbaswamy, K. R; Menon, M.; Thess, A.; Smalley, R E.;Dresselhaus, G.; Dresselhaus, M. S. (1997). Diameter-selective Raman scattering from vibrational modes in carbon nanotubes, Science, 275, pp. 187-191.
114. Pimenta, M. A.; Marucci, A.; Empedocles, S. A; Bawendi, M. G.; Hanlon, E. B.; Rao, A. M.; Eklund, P. C; Smalley, R. E.; Dresselhaus, G.; Dresselhaus, M. S. (1998). Raman modes of metallic carbon nanotubes, Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter, 58, pp. 16016-16019.
115. Kataura, H.; Kumazawa, Y.; Maniwa, Y; Umezu, I.; Suzuki, S.; Ohtsuka, Y; Achiba, Y (1999). Optical properties of single-wall carbon nanotubes, Synth. Met, 103, pp. 2555-2558.
116. Heller, D. A; Barone, P. W.; Swanson, J. P.; Mayrhofer, R M.; Strano, M. S. (2004). Using Raman spectroscopy to elucidate the aggregation state of single-walled carbon nanotubes, J. Phys. Chem. B, 108, pp. 6905-6909.
117. Tsyboulski, D. A; Rocha, J.-D. R; Bachilo, S. M.; Cognet, L.; Weisman, R B. (2007). Structure-dependent fluorescence efficiencies of individual single-walled carbon nanotubes, Nano Lett, 7, pp. 3080-3085.
118. Jiang, J.; Saito, R.; Gruneis, A; Chou, S. G; Ge, G. S.; Jorio, A; Dresselhaus, G.; Dresselhaus, M. S. (2005). Intensity of the resonance Raman excitation spectra of single-wall carbon nanotubes, Phys. Rev. B Condens. Matter, 71, pp. 205420.
119. Oyama, Y; Saito, R; Sato, K.; Jiang, J.; Samsonidze, G. G.; Gruneis, A; Miyauchi, Y; Maruyama, S.; Jorio, A; Dresselhaus, G.; Dresselhaus, M. S. (2006). Photoluminescence intensity of single-wall carbon nanotubes, Carbon, 44, pp. 873-879.
120. Popov, V. N.; Henrard, L.; Lambin, P. (2004). Resonant Raman intensity of the radial breathing mode of single-walled carbon nanotubes within a nonorthogonal tight-binding model, Nano Lett, 4, pp. 1795-1799.
121. Reich, S.; Thomsen, C; Robertson, J. (2005). Exciton resonances quench the photoluminescence of zigzag carbon nanotubes, Phys. Rev. Lett, 95, pp. 077402-077404.
122. Miyata, Y; Yanagi, K.; Maniwa, Y; Kataura, H. (2008). Optical evaluation of the metal-to-semiconductor ratio of single-wall carbon nanotubes, J. Phys. Chem. C, 112, pp. 13187-13191.
123. Blackburn, J. L.; Barnes, T. M.; Beard, M. C; Kim, Y H.; Tenent, R C.; McDonald, T. J.; To, B.; Coutts, T. J.; Heben, M. J. (2008). Transparent conductive single-walled carbon nanotube networks with precisely tunable ratios of semiconducting and metallic nanotubes, Acs Nano, 2, pp. 1266-1274.
124. Bachilo, S. M.; Strano, M. S.; Kittrell, C; Hauge, R. H.; Smalley, R. E.; Weisman, R. B. (2002). Structure-assigned optical spectra of single-walled carbon nanotubes, Science, 298, pp. 2361-2366.
125. Wei, L.; Lee, C. W; Li, L. J.; Sudibya, H. G.; Wang, B.; Chen, L. Q.; Chen, P.; Yang, Y. H.; Chan-Park, M. B.; Chen, Y (2008). Assessment of (n,m) selectively enriched small diameter single-walled carbon nanotubes by density diferentiation from cobalt-incorporated MCM-41 for macroelectronics, Chem. Mater., 20, pp. 7417-7424.
126. Avouris, P. (2004). Carbon nanotube electronics and optoelectronics, MRS Bull, 29, pp. 403-410.
127. Avouris, P.; Martel, R (2010). Progress in carbon nanotube electronics and photonics, MRS Bull, 35, pp. 306-313.