메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 13, Issue 6, 2013, Pages 603-613

Ginsenoside Rd for acute ischemic stroke: Translating from bench to bedside

Author keywords

cerebral ischemia; ginsenoside Rd; neuroprotection; stroke

Indexed keywords

GINSENOSIDE RD; NORPHENAZONE; PLACEBO;

EID: 84879098852     PISSN: 14737175     EISSN: 17448360     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1586/ern.13.51     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (38)

References (117)
  • 1
    • 84855353573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heart disease and stroke statistics-2012 update: A report from the American Heart Association
    • American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee
    • Roger VL, Go AS, Lloyd-Jones DM et al.; American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart disease and stroke statistics-2012 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation 125(1), e2-e220 (2012).
    • (2012) Circulation , vol.125 , Issue.1
    • Roger, V.L.1    Go, A.S.2    Lloyd-Jones, D.M.3
  • 2
    • 62149099593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Worldwide stroke incidence and early case fatality reported in 56 population-based studies: A systematic review
    • Feigin VL, Lawes CM, Bennett DA, Barker-Collo SL, Parag V. Worldwide stroke incidence and early case fatality reported in 56 population-based studies: a systematic review. Lancet Neurol. 8(4), 355-369 (2009).
    • (2009) Lancet Neurol , vol.8 , Issue.4 , pp. 355-369
    • Feigin, V.L.1    Lawes, C.M.2    Bennett, D.A.3    Barker-Collo, S.L.4    Parag, V.5
  • 3
    • 48849089052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotection for ischemic stroke: Past, present and future
    • Ginsberg MD. Neuroprotection for ischemic stroke: past, present and future. Neuropharmacology 55(3), 363-389 (2008).
    • (2008) Neuropharmacology , vol.55 , Issue.3 , pp. 363-389
    • Ginsberg, M.D.1
  • 4
    • 79952117976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New approaches to neuroprotective drug development
    • Fisher M. New approaches to neuroprotective drug development. Stroke 42(1 Suppl.), S24-S27 (2011).
    • (2011) Stroke , vol.42 , Issue.1 SUPPL.
    • Fisher, M.1
  • 5
    • 62949204563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current status of neuroprotection for cerebral ischemia: Synoptic overview
    • Ginsberg MD. Current status of neuroprotection for cerebral ischemia: synoptic overview. Stroke 40(3 Suppl.), S111-S114 (2009).
    • (2009) Stroke , vol.40 , Issue.3 SUPPL.
    • Ginsberg, M.D.1
  • 7
    • 77958018701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can molecular and cellular neuroprotection be translated into therapies for patients?: Yes but not the way we tried it before
    • Tymianski M. Can molecular and cellular neuroprotection be translated into therapies for patients?: Yes, but not the way we tried it before. Stroke 41(10 Suppl.), S87-S90 (2010).
    • (2010) Stroke , vol.41 , Issue.10 SUPPL.
    • Tymianski, M.1
  • 8
    • 60549107281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methodological quality of animal studies of neuroprotective agents currently in Phase II/III acute ischemic stroke trials
    • Philip M, Benatar M, Fisher M, Savitz SI. Methodological quality of animal studies of neuroprotective agents currently in Phase II/III acute ischemic stroke trials. Stroke 40(2), 577-581 (2009).
    • (2009) Stroke , vol.40 , Issue.2 , pp. 577-581
    • Philip, M.1    Benatar, M.2    Fisher, M.3    Savitz, S.I.4
  • 9
    • 34249780840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Life after cerovive: A personal perspective on ischemic neuroprotection in the post-NXY-059 era
    • DOI 10.1161/STROKEAHA.106.479170, PII 0000767020070600000062
    • Ginsberg MD. Life after cerovive: a personal perspective on ischemic neuroprotection in the post-NXY-059 era. Stroke 38(6), 1967-1972 (2007). (Pubitemid 46847278)
    • (2007) Stroke , vol.38 , Issue.6 , pp. 1967-1972
    • Ginsberg, M.D.1
  • 10
    • 84863510643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current therapies in ischemic stroke. Part B. Future candidates in stroke therapy and experimental studies
    • Broussalis E, Trinka E, Killer M, Harrer A, McCoy M, Kraus J. Current therapies in ischemic stroke. Part B. Future candidates in stroke therapy and experimental studies. Drug Discov. Today 17(13-14), 671-684 (2012).
    • (2012) Drug Discov. Today , vol.17 , Issue.13-14 , pp. 671-684
    • Broussalis, E.1    Trinka, E.2    Killer, M.3    Harrer, A.4    McCoy, M.5    Kraus, J.6
  • 11
    • 50349101675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginsenosides chemistry, biosyn thesis, analysis, and potential health effects
    • Christensen LP. Ginsenosides chemistry, biosynthesis, analysis, and potential health effects. Adv. Food Nutr. Res. 55, 1-99 (2009).
    • (2009) Adv. Food Nutr. Res , vol.55 , pp. 1-99
    • Christensen, L.P.1
  • 12
    • 70349397280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current evaluation of the millennium phytomedicine-ginseng(I): Etymology, pharmacognosy, phytochemistry, market and regulations
    • Jia L, Zhao Y. Current evaluation of the millennium phytomedicine-ginseng (I): etymology, pharmacognosy, phytochemistry, market and regulations. Curr. Med. Chem. 16(19), 2475-2484 (2009).
    • (2009) Curr. Med. Chem , vol.16 , Issue.19 , pp. 2475-2484
    • Jia, L.1    Zhao, Y.2
  • 13
    • 79952012614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolation and analysis of ginseng: Advances and challenges
    • Qi LW, Wang CZ, Yuan CS. Isolation and analysis of ginseng: advances and challenges. Nat. Prod. Rep. 28(3), 467-495 (2011).
    • (2011) Nat. Prod. Rep , vol.28 , Issue.3 , pp. 467-495
    • Qi, L.W.1    Wang, C.Z.2    Yuan, C.S.3
  • 14
    • 85009578787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparative evaluation of ginsenosides in commercial ginseng products and tissue culture samples using HPLC
    • Ma YC, Zhu J, Luo L. A comparative evaluation of ginsenosides in commercial ginseng products and tissue culture samples using HPLC. J. Herb. Species Med. Plants 3(4), 41-50 (1996).
    • (1996) J. Herb. Species Med. Plants , vol.3 , Issue.4 , pp. 41-50
    • Ma, Y.C.1    Zhu, J.2    Luo, L.3
  • 15
    • 70350263116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A procedure to rapidly isolate ginsenoside Rd from Panax notoginseng
    • Liu D, Zeng X. A procedure to rapidly isolate ginsenoside Rd from Panax notoginseng. J. Chin. Med. Mater. 29(3), 247-249 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Chin. Med. Mater , vol.29 , Issue.3 , pp. 247-249
    • Liu, D.1    Zeng, X.2
  • 16
    • 33845230376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginsenoside Rd elicits Th1 and Th2 immune responses to ovalbumin in mice
    • DOI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.05.075, PII S0264410X06006797
    • Yang Z, Chen A, Sun H, Ye Y, Fang W. Ginsenoside Rd elicits Th1 and Th2 immune responses to ovalbumin in mice. Vaccine 25(1), 161-169 (2007). (Pubitemid 44855238)
    • (2007) Vaccine , vol.25 , Issue.1 , pp. 161-169
    • Yang, Z.1    Chen, A.2    Sun, H.3    Ye, Y.4    Fang, W.5
  • 17
    • 0036594246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolism of ginsenoside R(c) by human intestinal bacteria and its related antiallergic activity
    • Bae EA, Choo MK, Park EK, Park SY, Shin HY, Kim DH. Metabolism of ginsenoside R(c) by human intestinal bacteria and its related antiallergic activity. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 25(6), 743-747 (2002).
    • (2002) Biol. Pharm. Bull , vol.25 , Issue.6 , pp. 743-747
    • Bae, E.A.1    Choo, M.K.2    Park, E.K.3    Park, S.Y.4    Shin, H.Y.5    Kim, D.H.6
  • 18
    • 36849043044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginsenosides: Are any of them candidates for drugs acting on the central nervous system?
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1527-3458.2007.00023.x
    • Nah SY, Kim DH, Rhim H. Ginsenosides: are any of them candidates for drugs acting on the central nervous system? CNS Drug Rev. 13(4), 381-404 (2007). (Pubitemid 350233470)
    • (2007) CNS Drug Reviews , vol.13 , Issue.4 , pp. 381-404
    • Nah, S.-Y.1    Kim, D.-H.2    Rhim, H.3
  • 19
    • 84859476056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolism of ginsenoside Rb1 by human intestinal microflora and cloning of its metabolizing ?-d-glucosidase from Bifidobacterium longum H-1
    • Jung IH, Lee JH, Hyun YJ, Kim DH. Metabolism of ginsenoside Rb1 by human intestinal microflora and cloning of its metabolizing ?-d-glucosidase from Bifidobacterium longum H-1. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 35(4), 573-581 (2012).
    • (2012) Biol. Pharm. Bull , vol.35 , Issue.4 , pp. 573-581
    • Jung, I.H.1    Lee, J.H.2    Hyun, Y.J.3    Kim, D.H.4
  • 20
    • 78650875275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginsenoside-Rd, a purified component from Panax notoginseng saponins, prevents atherosclerosis in apoE knockout mice
    • Li J, Xie ZZ, Tang YB, Zhou JG, Guan YY. Ginsenoside-Rd, a purified component from Panax notoginseng saponins, prevents atherosclerosis in apoE knockout mice. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 652(1-3), 104-110 (2011).
    • (2011) Eur. J. Pharmacol , vol.652 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 104-110
    • Li, J.1    Xie, Z.Z.2    Tang, Y.B.3    Zhou, J.G.4    Guan, Y.Y.5
  • 21
    • 60949102610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginsenoside-Rd, a new voltage-independent Ca2+ entry blocker, reverses basilar hypertrophic remodeling in stroke-prone renovascular hypertensive rats
    • Cai BX, Li XY, Chen JH et al. Ginsenoside-Rd, a new voltage-independent Ca2+ entry blocker, reverses basilar hypertrophic remodeling in stroke-prone renovascular hypertensive rats. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 606(1-3), 142-149 (2009).
    • (2009) Eur. J. Pharmacol , vol.606 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 142-149
    • Cai, B.X.1    Li, X.Y.2    Chen, J.H.3
  • 22
    • 33644634193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginsenoside Rd from Panax notoginseng is cytotoxic towards HeLa cancer cells and induces apoptosis
    • Yang ZG, Sun HX, Ye YP. Ginsenoside Rd from Panax notoginseng is cytotoxic towards HeLa cancer cells and induces apoptosis. Chem. Biodivers. 3(2), 187-197 (2006).
    • (2006) Chem. Biodivers , vol.3 , Issue.2 , pp. 187-197
    • Yang, Z.G.1    Sun, H.X.2    Ye, Y.P.3
  • 23
    • 1042304295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginsenoside-Rd attenuates oxidative damage related to aging in senescence-accelerated mice
    • DOI 10.1211/0022357022449
    • Yokozawa T, Satoh A, Cho EJ. Ginsenoside-Rd attenuates oxidative damage related to aging in senescence-accelerated mice. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 56(1), 107-113 (2004). (Pubitemid 38195335)
    • (2004) Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology , vol.56 , Issue.1 , pp. 107-113
    • Yokozawa, T.1    Satoh, A.2    Cho, E.J.3
  • 24
    • 33748690115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginsenoside-Rd from Panax notoginseng blocks Ca2+ influx through receptor-and store-operated Ca2+ channels in vascular smooth muscle cells
    • Guan YY, Zhou JG, Zhang Z et al. Ginsenoside-Rd from Panax notoginseng blocks Ca2+ influx through receptor-and store-operated Ca2+ channels in vascular smooth muscle cells. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 548(1-3), 129-136 (2006).
    • (2006) Eur. J. Pharmacol , vol.548 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 129-136
    • Guan, Y.Y.1    Zhou, J.G.2    Zhang, Z.3
  • 25
    • 84892901399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of ginsenoside Rd on the intracellular free calcium after excitotoxic injury in cultured cortical neurons
    • Zhang C, Ye R, Han J et al. The effect of ginsenoside Rd on the intracellular free calcium after excitotoxic injury in cultured cortical neurons. Chin. J. Neuroanat. 26(2), 112-118 (2010).
    • (2010) Chin. J. Neuroanat , vol.26 , Issue.2 , pp. 112-118
    • Zhang, C.1    Ye, R.2    Han, J.3
  • 26
    • 84856531987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginsenoside Rd protects neurons against glutamateinduced excitotoxicity by inhibiting Ca(2+) influx
    • Zhang C, Du F, Shi M et al. Ginsenoside Rd protects neurons against glutamateinduced excitotoxicity by inhibiting Ca(2+) influx. Cell. Mol. Neurobiol. 32(1), 121-128 (2012).
    • (2012) Cell. Mol. Neurobiol , vol.32 , Issue.1 , pp. 121-128
    • Zhang, C.1    Du, F.2    Shi, M.3
  • 27
    • 53549121996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protective effects of ginsenoside Rd on PC12 cells against hydrogen peroxide
    • Ye R, Han J, Kong X et al. Protective effects of ginsenoside Rd on PC12 cells against hydrogen peroxide. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 31(10), 1923-1927 (2008).
    • (2008) Biol. Pharm. Bull , vol.31 , Issue.10 , pp. 1923-1927
    • Ye, R.1    Han, J.2    Kong, X.3
  • 28
    • 65549142297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotective effects of ginsenoside Rd against oxygenglucose deprivation in cultured hippocampal neurons
    • Ye R, Li N, Han J et al. Neuroprotective effects of ginsenoside Rd against oxygenglucose deprivation in cultured hippocampal neurons. Neurosci. Res. 64(3), 306-310 (2009).
    • (2009) Neurosci. Res , vol.64 , Issue.3 , pp. 306-310
    • Ye, R.1    Li, N.2    Han, J.3
  • 31
    • 84857049075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetic, tissue distribution and excretion of ginsenoside-Rd in rodents
    • Sun D, Wang B, Shi M et al. Pharmacokinetic, tissue distribution and excretion of ginsenoside-Rd in rodents. Phytomedicine 19(3-4), 369-373 (2012).
    • (2012) Phytomedicine , vol.19 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 369-373
    • Sun, D.1    Wang, B.2    Shi, M.3
  • 32
    • 79960821247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginsenoside Rd in experimental stroke: Superior neuroprotective efficacy with a wide therapeutic window
    • Ye R, Kong X, Yang Q et al. Ginsenoside Rd in experimental stroke: superior neuroprotective efficacy with a wide therapeutic window. Neurotherapeutics 8(3), 515-525 (2011).
    • (2011) Neurotherapeutics , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 515-525
    • Ye, R.1    Kong, X.2    Yang, Q.3
  • 34
    • 35348840839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of ginsenoside rd in human plasma by LC/MS/MS
    • Deng YH, Feng Y, Zeng X et al. [Determination of ginsenoside rd in human plasma by LC/MS/MS]. Zhong Yao Cai 29(9), 928-931 (2006).
    • (2006) Zhong Yao Cai , vol.29 , Issue.9 , pp. 928-931
    • Deng, Y.H.1    Feng, Y.2    Zeng, X.3
  • 35
    • 77649221139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics and safety of ginsenoside Rd following a single or multiple intravenous dose in healthy Chinese volunteers
    • Zeng X, Deng Y, Feng Y et al. Pharmacokinetics and safety of ginsenoside Rd following a single or multiple intravenous dose in healthy Chinese volunteers. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 50(3), 285-292 (2010).
    • (2010) J. Clin. Pharmacol , vol.50 , Issue.3 , pp. 285-292
    • Zeng, X.1    Deng, Y.2    Feng, Y.3
  • 36
    • 84856531987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginsenoside Rd protects neurons against glutamateinduced excitotoxicity by inhibiting Ca(2+) influx
    • Zhang C, Du F, Shi M et al. Ginsenoside Rd protects neurons against glutamateinduced excitotoxicity by inhibiting Ca(2+) influx. Cell. Mol. Neurobiol. 32(1), 121-128 (2012).
    • (2012) Cell. Mol. Neurobiol , vol.32 , Issue.1 , pp. 121-128
    • Zhang, C.1    Du, F.2    Shi, M.3
  • 37
  • 40
    • 84892901864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of ginsenoside Rd pretreatment on the expressions of NR2B receptor and endonuclease G after focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats
    • Du XH, Yang JS, Shi XQ, Yan JQ. Effect of ginsenoside Rd pretreatment on the expressions of NR2B receptor and endonuclease G after focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats. Int. J. Cerebrovasc. Dis. 16(8), 571-575 (2008).
    • (2008) Int. J. Cerebrovasc. Dis , vol.16 , Issue.8 , pp. 571-575
    • Du, X.H.1    Yang, J.S.2    Shi, X.Q.3    Yan, J.Q.4
  • 41
    • 79960025353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginsenoside Rd attenuates redox imbalance and improves stroke outcome after focal cerebral ischemia in aged mice
    • Ye R, Kong X, Yang Q, Zhang Y, Han J, Zhao G. Ginsenoside Rd attenuates redox imbalance and improves stroke outcome after focal cerebral ischemia in aged mice. Neuropharmacology 61(4), 815-824 (2011).
    • (2011) Neuropharmacology , vol.61 , Issue.4 , pp. 815-824
    • Ye, R.1    Kong, X.2    Yang, Q.3    Zhang, Y.4    Han, J.5    Zhao, G.6
  • 42
    • 79951577369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginsenoside Rd attenuates early oxidative damage and sequential inflammatory response after transient focal ischemia in rats
    • Ye R, Yang Q, Kong X et al. Ginsenoside Rd attenuates early oxidative damage and sequential inflammatory response after transient focal ischemia in rats. Neurochem. Int. 58(3), 391-398 (2011).
    • (2011) Neurochem. Int , vol.58 , Issue.3 , pp. 391-398
    • Ye, R.1    Yang, Q.2    Kong, X.3
  • 43
    • 79952005057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginsenoside Rd attenuates mitochondrial dysfunction and sequential apoptosis after transient focal ischemia
    • Ye R, Zhang X, Kong X et al. Ginsenoside Rd attenuates mitochondrial dysfunction and sequential apoptosis after transient focal ischemia. Neuroscience 178, 169-180 (2011).
    • (2011) Neuroscience , vol.178 , pp. 169-180
    • Ye, R.1    Zhang, X.2    Kong, X.3
  • 44
    • 79959962447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-related differences in experimental stroke: Possible involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage
    • Li N, Kong X, Ye R, Yang Q, Han J, Xiong L. Age-related differences in experimental stroke: possible involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage. Rejuvenation Res. 14(3), 261-273 (2011).
    • (2011) Rejuvenation Res , vol.14 , Issue.3 , pp. 261-273
    • Li, N.1    Kong, X.2    Ye, R.3    Yang, Q.4    Han, J.5    Xiong, L.6
  • 45
    • 0032845121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ischemic cell death in brain neurons
    • Lipton P. Ischemic cell death in brain neurons. Physiol. Rev. 79(4), 1431-1568 (1999). (Pubitemid 29473320)
    • (1999) Physiological Reviews , vol.79 , Issue.4 , pp. 1431-1568
    • Lipton, P.1
  • 46
    • 0022389573 scopus 로고
    • Effect of the total saponins of Panax notogiseng on contraction of rabbit aortic strips
    • Guan YY, He H, Chen JX. [Effect of the total saponins of Panax notogiseng on contraction of rabbit aortic strips]. Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao 6(4), 267-269 (1985). (Pubitemid 16227811)
    • (1985) Acta Pharmacologica Sinica , vol.6 , Issue.4 , pp. 267-269
    • Guan, Y.Y.1    He, H.2    Chen, J.X.3
  • 47
  • 48
    • 0037006173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2+ channel currents in rat sensory neurons
    • DOI 10.1016/S0014-2999(01)01613-2, PII S0014299901016132
    • Rhim H, Kim H, Lee DY, Oh TH, Nah SY. Ginseng and ginsenoside Rg3, a newly identified active ingredient of ginseng, modulate Ca2+ channel currents in rat sensory neurons. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 436(3), 151-158 (2002). (Pubitemid 34164694)
    • (2002) European Journal of Pharmacology , vol.436 , Issue.3 , pp. 151-158
    • Rhim, H.1    Kim, H.2    Lee, D.Y.3    Oh, T.H.4    Nah, S.-Y.5
  • 49
    • 0029113218 scopus 로고
    • A trace component of ginseng that inhibits Ca2+ channels through a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein
    • Nah SY, Park HJ, McCleskey EW. A trace component of ginseng that inhibits Ca2+ channels through a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 92(19), 8739-8743 (1995).
    • (1995) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.92 , Issue.19 , pp. 8739-8743
    • Nah, S.Y.1    Park, H.J.2    McCleskey, E.W.3
  • 50
    • 0031597590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of ginsenosides on Ca2+ channels and membrane capacitance in rat adrenal chromaffin cells
    • Kim HS, Lee JH, Goo YS, Nah SY. Effects of ginsenosides on Ca2+ channels and membrane capacitance in rat adrenal chromaffin cells. Brain Res. Bull. 46(3), 245-251 (1998).
    • (1998) Brain Res. Bull , vol.46 , Issue.3 , pp. 245-251
    • Kim, H.S.1    Lee, J.H.2    Goo, Y.S.3    Nah, S.Y.4
  • 51
    • 33645747465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of ginsenosides and their metabolites on voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channel subtypes
    • Lee JH, Jeong SM, Kim JH et al. Effects of ginsenosides and their metabolites on voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channel subtypes. Mol. Cells 21(1), 52-62 (2006).
    • (2006) Mol. Cells , vol.21 , Issue.1 , pp. 52-62
    • Lee, J.H.1    Jeong, S.M.2    Kim, J.H.3
  • 52
    • 0037462036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro study of the relationship between the structure of ginsenoside and its antioxidative or prooxidative activity in free radical induced hemolysis of human erythrocytes
    • Liu ZQ, Luo XY, Liu GZ, Chen YP, Wang ZC, Sun YX. In vitro study of the relationship between the structure of ginsenoside and its antioxidative or prooxidative activity in free radical induced hemolysis of human erythrocytes. J. Agric. Food Chem. 51(9), 2555-2558 (2003).
    • (2003) J. Agric. Food Chem , vol.51 , Issue.9 , pp. 2555-2558
    • Liu, Z.Q.1    Luo, X.Y.2    Liu, G.Z.3    Chen, Y.P.4    Wang, Z.C.5    Sun, Y.X.6
  • 53
    • 0033030360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of ginsenoside-Rd in cephaloridine-induced renal disorder
    • DOI 10.1159/000045277
    • Yokozawa T, Owada S. Effect of ginsenoside-Rd in cephaloridine-induced renal disorder. Nephron 81(2), 200-207 (1999). (Pubitemid 29080432)
    • (1999) Nephron , vol.81 , Issue.2 , pp. 200-207
    • Yokozawa, T.1    Owada, S.2
  • 54
    • 0031983363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A study of ginsenoside-Rd in a renal ischemia-reperfusion model
    • DOI 10.1159/000044911
    • Yokozawa T, Liu ZW, Dong E. A study of ginsenoside-Rd in a renal ischemia-reperfusion model. Nephron 78(2), 201-206 (1998). (Pubitemid 28054991)
    • (1998) Nephron , vol.78 , Issue.2 , pp. 201-206
    • Dong, E.1
  • 56
    • 34249736955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of cyclooxygenase-2 by ginsenoside Rd via activation of CCAAT-enhancer binding proteins and cyclic AMP response binding protein
    • DOI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.05.034, PII S0006291X07009977
    • Jeong HG, Pokharel YR, Han EH, Kang KW. Induction of cyclooxygenase-2 by ginsenoside Rd via activation of CCAATenhancer binding proteins and cyclic AMP response binding protein. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 359(1), 51-56 (2007). (Pubitemid 46839217)
    • (2007) Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications , vol.359 , Issue.1 , pp. 51-56
    • Jeong, H.G.1    Pokharel, Y.R.2    Han, E.H.3    Kang, K.W.4
  • 57
    • 16344391360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of ginsenoside Rd on nitric oxide system induced by lipopolysaccharide plus TNF-?
    • Choi SS, Lee JK, Han EJ et al. Effect of ginsenoside Rd on nitric oxide system induced by lipopolysaccharide plus TNF-? in C6 rat glioma cells. Arch. Pharm. Res. 26(5), 375-382 (2003).
    • (2003) In C6 Rat Glioma Cells. Arch. Pharm. Res , vol.26 , Issue.5 , pp. 375-382
    • Choi, S.S.1    Lee, J.K.2    Han, E.J.3
  • 59
    • 38449083961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginsenoside Rd attenuates neuroinflammation of dopaminergic cells in culture
    • Lin WM, Zhang YM, Moldzio R, Rausch WD. Ginsenoside Rd attenuates neuroinflammation of dopaminergic cells in culture. J. Neural Transm. Suppl. 72, 105-112 (2007).
    • (2007) J. Neural Transm. Suppl , vol.72 , pp. 105-112
    • Lin, W.M.1    Zhang, Y.M.2    Moldzio, R.3    Rausch, W.D.4
  • 60
    • 84862823665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginsenoside Rd attenuates the inflammatory response via modulating p38 and JNK signaling pathways in rats with TNBS-induced relapsing colitis
    • Yang XL, Guo TK, Wang YH et al. Ginsenoside Rd attenuates the inflammatory response via modulating p38 and JNK signaling pathways in rats with TNBS-induced relapsing colitis. Int. Immunopharmacol. 12(2), 408-414 (2012).
    • (2012) Int. Immunopharmacol , vol.12 , Issue.2 , pp. 408-414
    • Yang, X.L.1    Guo, T.K.2    Wang, Y.H.3
  • 61
    • 84863179803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibitory effect of ginsenoside-Rd on carrageenaninduced inflammation in rats
    • Wang L, Zhang Y, Wang Z et al. Inhibitory effect of ginsenoside-Rd on carrageenaninduced inflammation in rats. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 90(2), 229-236 (2012).
    • (2012) Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol , vol.90 , Issue.2 , pp. 229-236
    • Wang, L.1    Zhang, Y.2    Wang, Z.3
  • 62
    • 77953307436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacology of ginsenosides: A literature review
    • Leung KW, Wong AS. Pharmacology of ginsenosides: a literature review. Chin. Med. 5, 20 (2010).
    • (2010) Chin. Med , vol.5 , pp. 20
    • Leung, K.W.1    Wong, A.S.2
  • 63
    • 65349185491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protopanaxadiol and protopanaxatriol bind to glucocorticoid and oestrogen receptors in endothelial cells
    • Leung KW, Leung FP, Mak NK, Tombran-Tink J, Huang Y, Wong RN. Protopanaxadiol and protopanaxatriol bind to glucocorticoid and oestrogen receptors in endothelial cells. Br. J. Pharmacol. 156(4), 626-637 (2009).
    • (2009) Br. J. Pharmacol , vol.156 , Issue.4 , pp. 626-637
    • Leung, K.W.1    Leung, F.P.2    Mak, N.K.3    Tombran-Tink, J.4    Huang, Y.5    Wong, R.N.6
  • 64
    • 0036735672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuronal replacement from endogenous precursors in the adult brain after stroke
    • DOI 10.1038/nm747
    • Arvidsson A, Collin T, Kirik D, Kokaia Z, Lindvall O. Neuronal replacement from endogenous precursors in the adult brain after stroke. Nat. Med. 8(9), 963-970 (2002). (Pubitemid 35033700)
    • (2002) Nature Medicine , vol.8 , Issue.9 , pp. 963-970
    • Arvidsson, A.1    Collin, T.2    Kirik, D.3    Kokaia, Z.4    Lindvall, O.5
  • 66
    • 84863984781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Promotive effect of ginsenoside Rd on proliferation of neural stem cells in vivo and in vitro
    • Lin T, Liu Y, Shi M et al. Promotive effect of ginsenoside Rd on proliferation of neural stem cells in vivo and in vitro. J. Ethnopharmacol. 142(3), 754-761 (2012).
    • (2012) J. Ethnopharmacol , vol.142 , Issue.3 , pp. 754-761
    • Lin, T.1    Liu, Y.2    Shi, M.3
  • 67
    • 84880924196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginsenoside Rd maintains adult neural stem cell proliferation during lead-impaired neurogenesis
    • doi:10.1016/jexpneurol.2012.09.012 Epub ahead of print
    • Wang B, Feng G, Tang C et al. Ginsenoside Rd maintains adult neural stem cell proliferation during lead-impaired neurogenesis. Neurol. Sci. doi:10.1016/j. expneurol.2012.09.012 (2012) (Epub ahead of print).
    • (2012) Neurol. Sci
    • Wang, B.1    Feng, G.2    Tang, C.3
  • 68
    • 77952236022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of infrasound on cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus of adult rats
    • Liu J, Lin T, Yan X et al. Effects of infrasound on cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus of adult rats. Neuroreport 21(8), 585-589 (2010).
    • (2010) Neuroreport , vol.21 , Issue.8 , pp. 585-589
    • Liu, J.1    Lin, T.2    Yan, X.3
  • 69
    • 84871453973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginsennoside rd attenuates cognitive dysfunction in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease
    • Liu J, Yan X, Li L et al. Ginsennoside rd attenuates cognitive dysfunction in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurochem. Res. 37(12), 2738-2747 (2012).
    • (2012) Neurochem. Res , vol.37 , Issue.12 , pp. 2738-2747
    • Liu, J.1    Yan, X.2    Li, L.3
  • 70
    • 84876304261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginsenoside Rd attenuates ?-amyloid-induced ? phosphorylation by altering the functional balance of glycogen synthase kinase 3? and protein phosphatase 2A
    • doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2013.01.002 Epub ahead of print
    • Li L, Liu Z, Liu J et al. Ginsenoside Rd attenuates ?-amyloid-induced ? phosphorylation by altering the functional balance of glycogen synthase kinase 3? and protein phosphatase 2A. Neurobiol. Dis. doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2013.01.002 (2013) (Epub ahead of print).
    • (2013) Neurobiol. Dis
    • Li, L.1    Liu, Z.2    Liu, J.3
  • 71
    • 64149105945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of ginsenoside-Rd for acute ischaemic stroke: A randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled, Phase II multicenter trial
    • Liu X, Xia J, Wang L et al. Efficacy and safety of ginsenoside-Rd for acute ischaemic stroke: a randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled, Phase II multicenter trial. Eur. J. Neurol. 16(5), 569-575 (2009).
    • (2009) Eur. J. Neurol , vol.16 , Issue.5 , pp. 569-575
    • Liu, X.1    Xia, J.2    Wang, L.3
  • 72
    • 84862777945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginsenoside-Rd improves outcome of acute ischaemic stroke - A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial
    • Liu X, Wang L, Wen A et al. Ginsenoside-Rd improves outcome of acute ischaemic stroke-a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. Eur. J. Neurol. 19(6), 855-863 (2012).
    • (2012) Eur. J. Neurol , vol.19 , Issue.6 , pp. 855-863
    • Liu, X.1    Wang, L.2    Wen, A.3
  • 73
    • 70349659449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacologic interventions for stroke: Looking beyond the thrombolysis time window into the penumbra with biomarkers, not a stopwatch
    • Chavez JC, Hurko O, Barone FC, Feuerstein GZ. Pharmacologic interventions for stroke: looking beyond the thrombolysis time window into the penumbra with biomarkers, not a stopwatch. Stroke 40(10), e558-e563 (2009).
    • (2009) Stroke , vol.40 , Issue.10
    • Chavez, J.C.1    Hurko, O.2    Barone, F.C.3    Feuerstein, G.Z.4
  • 74
    • 84865526121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sevoflurane preconditioning improves mitochondrial function and long-term neurologic sequelae after transient cerebral ischemia: Role of mitochondrial permeability transition
    • Ye R, Yang Q, Kong X et al. Sevoflurane preconditioning improves mitochondrial function and long-term neurologic sequelae after transient cerebral ischemia: role of mitochondrial permeability transition. Crit. Care Med. 40(9), 2685-2693 (2012).
    • (2012) Crit. Care Med , vol.40 , Issue.9 , pp. 2685-2693
    • Ye, R.1    Yang, Q.2    Kong, X.3
  • 75
    • 62949129784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Translational medicine for stroke drug discovery: The pharmaceutical industry perspective
    • Feuerstein GZ, Chavez J. Translational medicine for stroke drug discovery: the pharmaceutical industry perspective. Stroke 40(3 Suppl.), S121-S125 (2009).
    • (2009) Stroke , vol.40 , Issue.3 SUPPL.
    • Feuerstein, G.Z.1    Chavez, J.2
  • 76
    • 0026652877 scopus 로고
    • Tirilazad reduces cortical infarction after transient but not permanent focal cerebral ischemia in rats
    • Xue D, Slivka A, Buchan AM. Tirilazad reduces cortical infarction after transient but not permanent focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Stroke 23(6), 894-899 (1992).
    • (1992) Stroke , vol.23 , Issue.6 , pp. 894-899
    • Xue, D.1    Slivka, A.2    Buchan, A.M.3
  • 77
    • 0842310782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic window for use of hyperbaric oxygenation in focal transient ischemia in rats
    • DOI 10.1161/01.STR.0000111599.77426.A0
    • Lou M, Eschenfelder CC, Herdegen T, Brecht S, Deuschl G. Therapeutic window for use of hyperbaric oxygenation in focal transient ischemia in rats. Stroke 35(2), 578-583 (2004). (Pubitemid 38174453)
    • (2004) Stroke , vol.35 , Issue.2 , pp. 578-583
    • Lou, M.1    Eschenfelder, C.C.2    Herdegen, T.3    Brecht, S.4    Deuschl, G.5
  • 78
    • 57749113204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multifunctional actions of approved and candidate stroke drugs
    • Minnerup J, Schabitz WR. Multifunctional actions of approved and candidate stroke drugs. Neurotherapeutics 6(1), 43-52 (2009).
    • (2009) Neurotherapeutics , vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp. 43-52
    • Minnerup, J.1    Schabitz, W.R.2
  • 79
    • 84860916165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is there a future for neuroprotective agents in acute ischaemic stroke?
    • Kaste M. Is there a future for neuroprotective agents in acute ischaemic stroke? Eur. J. Neurol. 19(6), 797-798 (2012).
    • (2012) Eur J. Neurol , vol.19 , Issue.6 , pp. 797-798
    • Kaste, M.1
  • 80
    • 34648843243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathologically activated therapeutics for neuroprotection
    • DOI 10.1038/nrn2229, PII NRN2229
    • Lipton SA. Pathologically activated therapeutics for neuroprotection. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 8(10), 803-808 (2007). (Pubitemid 47462118)
    • (2007) Nature Reviews Neuroscience , vol.8 , Issue.10 , pp. 803-808
    • Lipton, S.A.1
  • 81
    • 0028243698 scopus 로고
    • A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of nimodipine in acute ischemic hemispheric stroke
    • Kaste M, Fogelholm R, Erila T et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled trial of nimodipine in acute ischemic hemispheric stroke. Stroke 25(7), 1348-1353 (1994). (Pubitemid 24198578)
    • (1994) Stroke , vol.25 , Issue.7 , pp. 1348-1353
    • Kaste, M.1    Fogelholm, R.2    Erila, T.3    Palomaki, H.4    Murros, K.5    Rissanen, A.6    Sarna, S.7
  • 82
    • 0025114628 scopus 로고
    • Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of nimodipine in acute stroke
    • Trust Study Group
    • Trust Study Group. Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of nimodipine in acute stroke. Lancet 336(8725), 1205-1209 (1990).
    • (1990) Lancet , vol.336 , Issue.8725 , pp. 1205-1209
  • 84
    • 37549068172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Missing steps in the STAIR case: A Translational Medicine perspective on the development of NXY-059 for treatment of acute ischemic stroke
    • Feuerstein GZ, Zaleska MM, Krams M et al. Missing steps in the STAIR case: a Translational Medicine perspective on the development of NXY-059 for treatment of acute ischemic stroke. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 28(1), 217-219 (2008).
    • (2008) J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab , vol.28 , Issue.1 , pp. 217-219
    • Feuerstein, G.Z.1    Zaleska, M.M.2    Krams, M.3
  • 85
    • 34247263212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A critical appraisal of the NXY-059 neuroprotection studies for acute stroke: A need for more rigorous testing of neuroprotective agents in animal models of stroke
    • DOI 10.1016/j.expneurol.2007.03.003, PII S0014488607000970
    • Savitz SI. A critical appraisal of the NXY-059 neuroprotection studies for acute stroke: a need for more rigorous testing of neuroprotective agents in animal models of stroke. Exp. Neurol. 205(1), 20-25 (2007). (Pubitemid 46621180)
    • (2007) Experimental Neurology , vol.205 , Issue.1 , pp. 20-25
    • Savitz, S.I.1
  • 86
    • 0344065373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recommendations for standards regarding preclinical neuroprotective and restorative drug development
    • STAIR
    • STAIR. Recommendations for standards regarding preclinical neuroprotective and restorative drug development. Stroke 30(12), 2752-2758 (1999).
    • (1999) Stroke , vol.30 , Issue.12 , pp. 2752-2758
  • 87
    • 66849097996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Update of the stroke therapy academic industry roundtable preclinical recommendations
    • STAIR Group
    • Fisher M, Feuerstein G, Howells DW et al.; STAIR Group. Update of the stroke therapy academic industry roundtable preclinical recommendations. Stroke 40(6), 2244-2250 (2009).
    • (2009) Stroke , vol.40 , Issue.6 , pp. 2244-2250
    • Fisher, M.1    Feuerstein, G.2    Howells, D.W.3
  • 88
    • 77956267967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methodological quality of preclinical stroke studies is not required for publication in high-impact journals
    • Minnerup J, Wersching H, Diederich K et al. Methodological quality of preclinical stroke studies is not required for publication in high-impact journals. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 30(9), 1619-1624 (2010).
    • (2010) J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab , vol.30 , Issue.9 , pp. 1619-1624
    • Minnerup, J.1    Wersching, H.2    Diederich, K.3
  • 90
    • 26444613280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Edaravone reduces early accumulation of oxidative products and sequential inflammatory responses after transient focal ischemia in mice brain
    • DOI 10.1161/01.STR.0000182241.07096.06
    • Zhang N, Komine-Kobayashi M, Tanaka R, Liu M, Mizuno Y, Urabe T. Edaravone reduces early accumulation of oxidative products and sequential inflammatory responses after transient focal ischemia in mice brain. Stroke 36(10), 2220-2225 (2005). (Pubitemid 41429250)
    • (2005) Stroke , vol.36 , Issue.10 , pp. 2220-2225
    • Zhang, N.1    Komine-Kobayashi, M.2    Tanaka, R.3    Liu, M.4    Mizuno, Y.5    Urabe, T.6
  • 91
    • 0024414674 scopus 로고
    • Effect of MCI-186 on brain edema in rats
    • Nishi H, Watanabe T, Sakurai H, Yuki S, Ishibashi A. Effect of MCI-186 on brain edema in rats. Stroke 20(9), 1236-1240 (1989). (Pubitemid 19226920)
    • (1989) Stroke , vol.20 , Issue.9 , pp. 1236-1240
    • Nishi, H.1    Watanabe, T.2    Sakurai, H.3    Yuki, S.4    Ishibashi, A.5
  • 92
    • 0030979729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of a novel free radical scavenger, MCI-186, on ischemic brain damage in the rat distal middle cerebral artery occlusion model
    • Kawai H, Nakai H, Suga M, Yuki S, Watanabe T, Saito KI. Effects of a novel free radical scavenger, MCl-186, on ischemic brain damage in the rat distal middle cerebral artery occlusion model. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 281(2), 921-927 (1997). (Pubitemid 27203828)
    • (1997) Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics , vol.281 , Issue.2 , pp. 921-927
    • Kawai, H.1    Nakai, H.2    Suga, M.3    Yuki, S.4    Watanabe, T.5    Saito, K.-I.6
  • 93
    • 0032054483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibitory effect of MCI-186, a free radical scavenger, on cerebral ischemia following rat middle cerebral artery occlusion
    • DOI 10.1016/S0306-3623(97)00311-X, PII S030636239700311X
    • Mizuno A, Umemura K, Nakashima M. Inhibitory effect of MCI-186, a free radical scavenger, on cerebral ischemia following rat middle cerebral artery occlusion. Gen. Pharmacol. 30(4), 575-578 (1998). (Pubitemid 28102837)
    • (1998) General Pharmacology , vol.30 , Issue.4 , pp. 575-578
    • Mizuno, A.1    Umemura, K.2    Nakashima, M.3
  • 94
    • 0034730419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MCI-186: Further histochemical and biochemical evidence of neuroprotection
    • Wu TW, Zeng LH, Wu J, Fung KP. MCI-186: further histochemical and biochemical evidence of neuroprotection. Life Sci. 67(19), 2387-2392 (2000).
    • (2000) Life Sci , vol.67 , Issue.19 , pp. 2387-2392
    • Wu, T.W.1    Zeng, L.H.2    Wu, J.3    Fung, K.P.4
  • 95
    • 0032409463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotective effects depend on the model of focal ischemia following middle cerebral artery occlusion
    • DOI 10.1016/S0014-2999(98)00773-0, PII S0014299998007730
    • Takamatsu H, Kondo K, Ikeda Y, Umemura K. Neuroprotective effects depend on the model of focal ischemia following middle cerebral artery occlusion. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 362(2-3), 137-142 (1998). (Pubitemid 29002953)
    • (1998) European Journal of Pharmacology , vol.362 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 137-142
    • Takamatsu, H.1    Kondo, K.2    Ikeda, Y.3    Umemura, K.4
  • 96
    • 7944234144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotective effects of the free radical scavenger Edaravone (MCI-186) in mice permanent focal brain ischemia
    • DOI 10.1016/j.brainres.2004.09.055, PII S000689930401604X
    • Shichinohe H, Kuroda S, Yasuda H et al. Neuroprotective effects of the free radical scavenger edaravone (MCI-186) in mice permanent focal brain ischemia. Brain Res. 1029(2), 200-206 (2004). (Pubitemid 39470176)
    • (2004) Brain Research , vol.1029 , Issue.2 , pp. 200-206
    • Shichinohe, H.1    Kuroda, S.2    Yasuda, H.3    Ishikawa, T.4    Iwai, M.5    Horiuchi, M.6    Iwasaki, Y.7
  • 97
    • 0028292964 scopus 로고
    • Protective effects of MCI-186 on cerebral ischemia: Possible involvement of free radical scavenging and antioxidant actions
    • Watanabe T, Yuki S, Egawa M, Nishi H. Protective effects of MCI-186 on cerebral ischemia: possible involvement of free radical scavenging and antioxidant actions. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 268(3), 1597-1604 (1994). (Pubitemid 24100383)
    • (1994) Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics , vol.268 , Issue.3 , pp. 1597-1604
    • Watanabe, T.1    Yuki, S.2    Egawa, M.3    Nishi, H.4
  • 98
    • 84855964688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Edaravone offers neuroprotection in a diabetic stroke model via inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress
    • doi:10.1111/j.1742-7843.2011.00763.x Epub ahead of print
    • Srinivasan K, Sharma SS. Edaravone offers neuroprotection in a diabetic stroke model via inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol. doi:10.1111/j.1742-7843.2011.00763.x (2011) (Epub ahead of print).
    • (2011) Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol
    • Srinivasan, K.1    Sharma, S.S.2
  • 99
    • 0032972451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of free radicals in cerebral vascular reperfusion injury evaluated in a transient focal cerebral ischemia model of rat
    • Nakashima M, Niwa M, Iwai T, Uematsu T. Involvement of free radicals in cerebral vascular reperfusion injury evaluated in a transient focal cerebral ischemia model of rat. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 26(5-6), 722-729 (1999).
    • (1999) Free Radic. Biol. Med , vol.26 , Issue.5-6 , pp. 722-729
    • Nakashima, M.1    Niwa, M.2    Iwai, T.3    Uematsu, T.4
  • 100
    • 46849106962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The novel antioxidant edaravone: From bench to bedside
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1527-3466.2008.00041.x
    • Watanabe T, Tahara M, Todo S. The novel antioxidant edaravone: from bench to bedside. Cardiovasc. Ther. 26(2), 101-114 (2008). (Pubitemid 351952827)
    • (2008) Cardiovascular Therapeutics , vol.26 , Issue.2 , pp. 101-114
    • Watanabe, T.1    Tahara, M.2    Todo, S.3
  • 101
    • 52449107081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of PSD95 inhibitors in permanent and transient focal ischemia in the rat
    • Sun HS, Doucette TA, Liu Y et al. Effectiveness of PSD95 inhibitors in permanent and transient focal ischemia in the rat. Stroke 39(9), 2544-2553 (2008).
    • (2008) Stroke , vol.39 , Issue.9 , pp. 2544-2553
    • Sun, H.S.1    Doucette, T.A.2    Liu, Y.3
  • 102
    • 80055023987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotection by freezing ischemic penumbra evolution without cerebral blood flow augmentation with a postsynaptic density-95 protein inhibitor
    • Bråtane BT, Cui H, Cook DJ, Bouley J, Tymianski M, Fisher M. Neuroprotection by freezing ischemic penumbra evolution without cerebral blood flow augmentation with a postsynaptic density-95 protein inhibitor. Stroke 42(11), 3265-3270 (2011).
    • (2011) Stroke , vol.42 , Issue.11 , pp. 3265-3270
    • Bråtane, B.T.1    Cui, H.2    Cook, D.J.3    Bouley, J.4    Tymianski, M.5    Fisher, M.6
  • 104
    • 84857999519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of stroke with a PSD-95 inhibitor in the gyrencephalic primate brain
    • Cook DJ, Teves L, Tymianski M. Treatment of stroke with a PSD-95 inhibitor in the gyrencephalic primate brain. Nature 483(7388), 213-217 (2012).
    • (2012) Nature , vol.483 , Issue.7388 , pp. 213-217
    • Cook, D.J.1    Teves, L.2    Tymianski, M.3
  • 105
    • 84867654740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is the door open again for neuroprotection trials in stroke?
    • Kaste M. Is the door open again for neuroprotection trials in stroke? Lancet Neurol. 11(11), 930-931 (2012).
    • (2012) Lancet Neurol , vol.11 , Issue.11 , pp. 930-931
    • Kaste, M.1
  • 106
    • 79955370882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Albumin in Acute Stroke Part 1 Trial: An exploratory efficacy analysis
    • ALIAS Investigators; Neurological Emergencies Treatment Trials Network
    • Hill MD, Martin RH, Palesch YY et al.; ALIAS Investigators; Neurological Emergencies Treatment Trials Network. The Albumin in Acute Stroke Part 1 Trial: an exploratory efficacy analysis. Stroke 42(6), 1621-1625 (2011).
    • (2011) Stroke , vol.42 , Issue.6 , pp. 1621-1625
    • Hill, M.D.1    Martin, R.H.2    Palesch, Y.Y.3
  • 107
    • 52649165720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thrombolysis with alteplase 3 to 4.5 hours after acute ischemic stroke
    • ECASS Investigators
    • Hacke W, Kaste M, Bluhmki E et al.; ECASS Investigators. Thrombolysis with alteplase 3 to 4.5 hours after acute ischemic stroke. N. Engl. J. Med. 359(13), 1317-1329 (2008).
    • (2008) N. Engl. J. Med , vol.359 , Issue.13 , pp. 1317-1329
    • Hacke, W.1    Kaste, M.2    Bluhmki, E.3
  • 108
    • 0037229213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of a novel free radical scavenger, edaravone (MCI-186), on acute brain infarction. Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study at multicenters
    • Edaravone Acute Infarction Study Group
    • Edaravone Acute Infarction Study Group. Effect of a novel free radical scavenger, edaravone (MCI-186), on acute brain infarction. Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study at multicenters. Cerebrovasc. Dis. 15(3), 222-229 (2003).
    • (2003) Cerebrovasc. Dis , vol.15 , Issue.3 , pp. 222-229
  • 109
    • 84864277207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Citicoline in the treatment of acute ischaemic stroke: An international, randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled study (ICTUS trial)
    • International Citicoline Trial on Acute Stroke (ICTUS) trial investigators
    • Davalos A, Alvarez-Sabin J, Castillo J et al.; International Citicoline Trial on Acute Stroke (ICTUS) trial investigators. Citicoline in the treatment of acute ischaemic stroke: an international, randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled study (ICTUS trial). Lancet 380(9839), 349-357 (2012).
    • (2012) Lancet , vol.380 , Issue.9839 , pp. 349-357
    • Davalos, A.1    Alvarez-Sabin, J.2    Castillo, J.3
  • 110
    • 84859710534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonhuman primate models of stroke for translational neuroprotection research
    • Cook DJ, Tymianski M. Nonhuman primate models of stroke for translational neuroprotection research. Neurotherapeutics 9(2), 371-379 (2012).
    • (2012) Neurotherapeutics , vol.9 , Issue.2 , pp. 371-379
    • Cook, D.J.1    Tymianski, M.2
  • 111
    • 84863698256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • To serve and neuroprotect
    • Dolgin E. To serve and neuroprotect. Nat. Med. 18(7), 1003-1006 (2012).
    • (2012) Nat. Med , vol.18 , Issue.7 , pp. 1003-1006
    • Dolgin, E.1
  • 112
    • 77954874463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intercontinental elicitation of informed consent for enrollment in stroke research
    • FAST-MAG Trial Investigators
    • Sanossian N, Starkman S, Eckstein M et al.; FAST-MAG Trial Investigators. Intercontinental elicitation of informed consent for enrollment in stroke research. Cerebrovasc. Dis. 30(3), 323-324 (2010).
    • (2010) Cerebrovasc. Dis , vol.30 , Issue.3 , pp. 323-324
    • Sanossian, N.1    Starkman, S.2    Eckstein, M.3
  • 113
    • 84862815027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotection targeting ischemic penumbra and beyond for the treatment of ischemic stroke
    • Liu R, Yuan H, Yuan F, Yang SH. Neuroprotection targeting ischemic penumbra and beyond for the treatment of ischemic stroke. Neurol. Res. 34(4), 331-337 (2012).
    • (2012) Neurol. Res , vol.34 , Issue.4 , pp. 331-337
    • Liu, R.1    Yuan, H.2    Yuan, F.3    Yang, S.H.4
  • 114
    • 10844232942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Montelukast, a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor-1 antagonist, dose-and timedependently protects against focal cerebral ischemia in mice
    • Yu GL, Wei EQ, Zhang SH et al. Montelukast, a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor-1 antagonist, dose-and timedependently protects against focal cerebral ischemia in mice. Pharmacology 73(1), 31-40 (2005).
    • (2005) Pharmacology , vol.73 , Issue.1 , pp. 31-40
    • Yu, G.L.1    Wei, E.Q.2    Zhang, S.H.3
  • 116
    • 13244267045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A newly synthesized poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor, DR2313 [2-methyl-3,5,7,8-tetrahydrothiopyrano[4,3-d]-pyrimidine-4-one]: Pharmacological profiles, neuroprotective effects, and therapeutic time window in cerebral ischemia in rats
    • DOI 10.1124/jpet.104.075465
    • Nakajima H, Kakui N, Ohkuma K, Ishikawa M, Hasegawa T. A newly synthesized poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor, DR2313 [2-methyl-3,5,7,8- tetrahydrothiopyrano[4,3-d]-pyrimidine-4-one]: pharmacological profiles, neuroprotective effects, and therapeutic time window in cerebral ischemia in rats. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 312(2), 472-481 (2005). (Pubitemid 40189543)
    • (2005) Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics , vol.312 , Issue.2 , pp. 472-481
    • Nakajima, H.1    Kakui, N.2    Ohkuma, K.3    Ishikawa, M.4    Hasegawa, T.5
  • 117
    • 33846006516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wide therapeutic time window for fasudil neuroprotection against ischemia-induced delayed neuronal death in gerbils
    • DOI 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.10.027, PII S0006899306030320
    • Satoh S, Toshima Y, Ikegaki I, Iwasaki M, Asano T. Wide therapeutic time window for fasudil neuroprotection against ischemia-induced delayed neuronal death in gerbils. Brain Res. 1128(1), 175-180 (2007). (Pubitemid 46048629)
    • (2007) Brain Research , vol.1128 , Issue.1 , pp. 175-180
    • Satoh, S.-i.1    Toshima, Y.2    Ikegaki, I.3    Iwasaki, M.4    Asano, T.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.