메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 10, Issue 9, 2012, Pages 655-666

Microbial translocation in HIV infection: Causes, consequences and treatment opportunities

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT; C REACTIVE PROTEIN; CANAKINUMAB; CHLOROQUINE; CITRULLINE; ERITORAN; ESCHERICHIA COLI PROTEIN; HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE; INTERLEUKIN 6; INTERLEUKIN 8; RECOMBINANT INTERLEUKIN 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; RIFAXIMIN; SEVELAMER; TOCILIZUMAB; VIRUS RNA;

EID: 84865163472     PISSN: 17401526     EISSN: 17401534     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro2848     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (350)

References (167)
  • 1
    • 80755123417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Premature age-related comorbidities among HIV-infected persons compared with the general population
    • Guaraldi, G. et al. Premature age-related comorbidities among HIV-infected persons compared with the general population. Clin. Infect. Dis. 53, 1120-1126 (2011).
    • (2011) Clin. Infect. Dis. , vol.53 , pp. 1120-1126
    • Guaraldi, G.1
  • 2
    • 79951669207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The immune system in atherosclerosis
    • Hansson, G. K. & Hermansson, A. The immune system in atherosclerosis. Nature Immunol. 12, 204-212 (2011).
    • (2011) Nature Immunol. , vol.12 , pp. 204-212
    • Hansson, G.K.1    Hermansson, A.2
  • 3
    • 79960829290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neutrophils in the activation and regulation of innate and adaptive immunity
    • Mantovani, A., Cassatella, M. A., Costantini, C. & Jaillon, S. Neutrophils in the activation and regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. Nature Rev. Immunol. 11, 519-531 (2011).
    • (2011) Nature Rev. Immunol. , vol.11 , pp. 519-531
    • Mantovani, A.1    Cassatella, M.A.2    Costantini, C.3    Jaillon, S.4
  • 4
    • 77956744791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The immune system and bone
    • Pacifici, R. The immune system and bone. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 503, 41-53 (2010).
    • (2010) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. , vol.503 , pp. 41-53
    • Pacifici, R.1
  • 6
    • 0343920019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T-cell division in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection is mainly due to immune activation: A longitudinal analysis in patients before and during highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)
    • Hazenberg, M. D. et al. T-cell division in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection is mainly due to immune activation: a longitudinal analysis in patients before and during highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Blood 95, 249-255 (2000). (Pubitemid 30017249)
    • (2000) Blood , vol.95 , Issue.1 , pp. 249-255
    • Hazenberg, M.D.1    Cohen Stuart, J.W.T.2    Otto, S.A.3    Borleffs, J.C.C.4    Boucher, C.A.B.5    De Boer, R.J.6    Miedema, F.7    Hamann, D.8
  • 7
    • 55949084601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory and coagulation biomarkers and mortality in patients with HIV infection
    • Kuller, L. H. et al. Inflammatory and coagulation biomarkers and mortality in patients with HIV infection. PLoS Med. 5, e203 (2008).
    • (2008) PLoS Med. , vol.5
    • Kuller, L.H.1
  • 8
    • 79952335046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma levels of soluble CD14 independently predict mortality in HIV infection
    • Sandler, N. G. et al. Plasma levels of soluble CD14 independently predict mortality in HIV infection. J. Infect. Dis. 203, 780-790 (2011).
    • (2011) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.203 , pp. 780-790
    • Sandler, N.G.1
  • 9
    • 80052882129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunologic failure despite suppressive antiretroviral therapy is related to activation and turnover of memory CD4 cells
    • Lederman, M. M. et al. Immunologic failure despite suppressive antiretroviral therapy is related to activation and turnover of memory CD4 cells. J. Infect. Dis. 204, 1217-1226 (2011).
    • (2011) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.204 , pp. 1217-1226
    • Lederman, M.M.1
  • 11
    • 84859307224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Of microbes and meals: The health consequences of dietary endotoxemia
    • Kelly, C. J., Colgan, S. P. & Frank, D. N. Of microbes and meals: the health consequences of dietary endotoxemia. Nutr. Clin. Pract. 27, 215-225 (2012).
    • (2012) Nutr. Clin. Pract. , vol.27 , pp. 215-225
    • Kelly, C.J.1    Colgan, S.P.2    Frank, D.N.3
  • 12
    • 76249120134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recognition of peptidoglycan from the microbiota by Nod1 enhances systemic innate immunity
    • Clarke, T. B. et al. Recognition of peptidoglycan from the microbiota by Nod1 enhances systemic innate immunity. Nature Med. 16, 228-231 (2010).
    • (2010) Nature Med. , vol.16 , pp. 228-231
    • Clarke, T.B.1
  • 13
    • 34447275985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • -/- mice
    • DOI 10.1080/08916930701402392, PII 779826139
    • Haruta, I. et al. Lipoteichoic acid may affect the pathogenesis of PBC-like bile duct damage and might be involved in systemic multifocal epithelial inflammations in chronic colitis-harboring TCRα-/-xAIM-/-mice. Autoimmunity 40, 372-379 (2007). (Pubitemid 47046482)
    • (2007) Autoimmunity , vol.40 , Issue.5 , pp. 372-379
    • Haruta, I.1    Hashimoto, E.2    Shibata, N.3    Kato, Y.4    Kobayashi, M.5    Shiratori, K.6
  • 15
    • 65649102237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma levels of bacterial DNA correlate with immune activation and the magnitude of immune restoration in persons with antiretroviral-treated HIV infection
    • Jiang, W. et al. Plasma levels of bacterial DNA correlate with immune activation and the magnitude of immune restoration in persons with antiretroviral-treated HIV infection. J. Infect. Dis. 199, 1177-1185 (2009).
    • (2009) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.199 , pp. 1177-1185
    • Jiang, W.1
  • 17
    • 79952996039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory cytokines in cancer: Tumour necrosis factor and interleukin 6 take the stage
    • Grivennikov, S. I. & Karin, M. Inflammatory cytokines in cancer: tumour necrosis factor and interleukin 6 take the stage. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 70 (Suppl. 1), i104-i108 (2011).
    • (2011) Ann. Rheum. Dis. , vol.70 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Grivennikov, S.I.1    Karin, M.2
  • 18
    • 31044432767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathogenesis of osteoporosis: Concepts, conflicts, and prospects
    • DOI 10.1172/JCI27071
    • Raisz, L. G. Pathogenesis of osteoporosis: concepts, conflicts, and prospects. J. Clin. Invest. 115, 3318-3325 (2005). (Pubitemid 43121814)
    • (2005) Journal of Clinical Investigation , vol.115 , Issue.12 , pp. 3318-3325
    • Raisz, L.G.1
  • 19
    • 77953901782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonprogressive and progressive primate immunodeficiency lentivirus infections
    • Brenchley, J. M., Silvestri, G. & Douek, D. C. Nonprogressive and progressive primate immunodeficiency lentivirus infections. Immunity 32, 737-742 (2010).
    • (2010) Immunity , vol.32 , pp. 737-742
    • Brenchley, J.M.1    Silvestri, G.2    Douek, D.C.3
  • 20
    • 77958083540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Damaged intestinal epithelial integrity linked to microbial translocation in pathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus infections
    • Estes, J. D. et al. Damaged intestinal epithelial integrity linked to microbial translocation in pathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus infections. PLoS Pathog. 6, e1001052 (2010).
    • (2010) PLoS Pathog. , vol.6
    • Estes, J.D.1
  • 21
    • 79953735335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sigmoid Th17 populations, the HIV latent reservoir, and microbial translocation in men on long-term antiretroviral therapy
    • Chege, D. et al. Sigmoid Th17 populations, the HIV latent reservoir, and microbial translocation in men on long-term antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 25, 741-749 (2011).
    • (2011) AIDS , vol.25 , pp. 741-749
    • Chege, D.1
  • 24
    • 59849128174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delayed loss of control of plasma lipopolysaccharide levels after therapy interruption in chronically HIV-1-infected patients
    • Papasavvas, E. et al. Delayed loss of control of plasma lipopolysaccharide levels after therapy interruption in chronically HIV-1-infected patients. AIDS 23, 369-375 (2009).
    • (2009) AIDS , vol.23 , pp. 369-375
    • Papasavvas, E.1
  • 25
    • 77952141251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peripheral biomarkers do not correlate with cognitive impairment in highly active antiretroviral therapy-treated subjects with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection
    • Sun, B. et al. Peripheral biomarkers do not correlate with cognitive impairment in highly active antiretroviral therapy-treated subjects with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. J. Neurovirol. 16, 115-124 (2010).
    • (2010) J. Neurovirol. , vol.16 , pp. 115-124
    • Sun, B.1
  • 26
    • 79951734457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High mobility group box protein-1 in HIV-1 infection
    • Troseid, M., Sonnerborg, A. & Nowak, P. High mobility group box protein-1 in HIV-1 infection. Curr. HIV Res. 9, 6-10 (2010).
    • (2010) Curr. HIV Res. , vol.9 , pp. 6-10
    • Troseid, M.1    Sonnerborg, A.2    Nowak, P.3
  • 27
    • 77952916199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microbial translocation induces persistent macrophage activation unrelated to HIV-1 levels or T-cell activation following therapy
    • Wallet, M. A. et al. Microbial translocation induces persistent macrophage activation unrelated to HIV-1 levels or T-cell activation following therapy. AIDS 24, 1281-1290 (2010).
    • (2010) AIDS , vol.24 , pp. 1281-1290
    • Wallet, M.A.1
  • 28
    • 80052899856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soluble CD163, a novel marker of activated macrophages, is elevated and associated with noncalcified coronary plaque in HIV-infected patients
    • Burdo, T. H. et al. Soluble CD163, a novel marker of activated macrophages, is elevated and associated with noncalcified coronary plaque in HIV-infected patients. J. Infect. Dis. 204, 1227-1236 (2011).
    • (2011) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.204 , pp. 1227-1236
    • Burdo, T.H.1
  • 29
    • 77956991705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biological determinants of immune reconstitution in HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy: The role of interleukin 7 and interleukin 7 receptor α and microbial translocation
    • Rajasuriar, R. et al. Biological determinants of immune reconstitution in HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy: the role of interleukin 7 and interleukin 7 receptor α and microbial translocation. J. Infect. Dis. 202, 1254-1264 (2010).
    • (2010) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.202 , pp. 1254-1264
    • Rajasuriar, R.1
  • 30
    • 77950267769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microbial translocation correlates with the severity of both HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections
    • Nowroozalizadeh, S. et al. Microbial translocation correlates with the severity of both HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections. J. Infect. Dis. 201, 1150-1154 (2010).
    • (2010) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.201 , pp. 1150-1154
    • Nowroozalizadeh, S.1
  • 31
    • 36048957163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immune reconstitution in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected children with different virological responses to anti-retroviral therapy
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2007.03526.x
    • Anselmi, A. et al. Immune reconstitution in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected children with different virological responses to anti-retroviral therapy. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 150, 442-450 (2007). (Pubitemid 350098747)
    • (2007) Clinical and Experimental Immunology , vol.150 , Issue.3 , pp. 442-450
    • Anselmi, A.1    Vendrame, D.2    Rampon, O.3    Giaquinto, C.4    Zanchetta, M.5    De Rossi, A.6
  • 32
    • 80052933872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased microbial translocation in ≤180 days old perinatally human immunodeficiency virus-positive infants as compared with human immunodeficiency virus-exposed uninfected infants of similar age
    • Papasavvas, E. et al. Increased microbial translocation in ≤180 days old perinatally human immunodeficiency virus-positive infants as compared with human immunodeficiency virus-exposed uninfected infants of similar age. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 30, 877-882 (2011).
    • (2011) Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. , vol.30 , pp. 877-882
    • Papasavvas, E.1
  • 33
    • 49649129676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microbial translocation is associated with increased monocyte activation and dementia in AIDS patients
    • Ancuta, P. et al. Microbial translocation is associated with increased monocyte activation and dementia in AIDS patients. PLoS ONE 3, e2516 (2008).
    • (2008) PLoS ONE , vol.3
    • Ancuta, P.1
  • 34
    • 79957880036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV persistence in the gut mucosa of HIV-infected subjects undergoing antiretroviral therapy correlates with immune activation and increased levels of LPS
    • d'Ettorre, G. et al. HIV persistence in the gut mucosa of HIV-infected subjects undergoing antiretroviral therapy correlates with immune activation and increased levels of LPS. Curr. HIV Res. 9, 148-153 (2011).
    • (2011) Curr. HIV Res. , vol.9 , pp. 148-153
    • D'Ettorre, G.1
  • 35
    • 77955690397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistent microbial translocation and immune activation in HIV-1-infected South Africans receiving combination antiretroviral therapy
    • Cassol, E. et al. Persistent microbial translocation and immune activation in HIV-1-infected South Africans receiving combination antiretroviral therapy. J. Infect. Dis. 202, 723-733 (2010).
    • (2010) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.202 , pp. 723-733
    • Cassol, E.1
  • 36
    • 66249085573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV-1 RNA dysregulates the natural TLR response to subclinical endotoxemia in Kenyan female sex-workers
    • Lester, R. T. et al. HIV-1 RNA dysregulates the natural TLR response to subclinical endotoxemia in Kenyan female sex-workers. PLoS ONE 4, e5644 (2009).
    • (2009) PLoS ONE , vol.4
    • Lester, R.T.1
  • 37
    • 84855417479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + T cell homing to the gut impairs mucosal immune reconstitution in treated HIV-infected individuals
    • + T cell homing to the gut impairs mucosal immune reconstitution in treated HIV-infected individuals. J. Clin. Invest. 122, 62-69 (2012).
    • (2012) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.122 , pp. 62-69
    • Mavigner, M.1
  • 38
    • 66149099672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microbial translocation, the innate cytokine response, and HIV-1 disease progression in Africa
    • Redd, A. D. et al. Microbial translocation, the innate cytokine response, and HIV-1 disease progression in Africa. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 106, 6718-6723 (2009).
    • (2009) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.106 , pp. 6718-6723
    • Redd, A.D.1
  • 39
    • 77249172740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + T cells decreases after prolonged anti-retroviral therapy and is associated with plasma LPS levels
    • + T cells decreases after prolonged anti-retroviral therapy and is associated with plasma LPS levels. Mucosal Immunol. 3, 172-181 (2010).
    • (2010) Mucosal Immunol. , vol.3 , pp. 172-181
    • Ciccone, E.J.1
  • 40
    • 79959615821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endotoxemia is associated with altered innate and adaptive immune responses in untreated HIV-1 infected individuals
    • Bukh, A. R. et al. Endotoxemia is associated with altered innate and adaptive immune responses in untreated HIV-1 infected individuals. PLoS ONE 6, e21275 (2011).
    • PLoS ONE , vol.6
    • Bukh, A.R.1
  • 41
    • 33845253044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assay of endotoxin by limulus amebocyte lysate
    • Ketchum, P. A. & Novitsky, T. J. Assay of endotoxin by limulus amebocyte lysate. Methods Mol. Med. 36, 3-12 (2000).
    • (2000) Methods Mol. Med. , vol.36 , pp. 3-12
    • Ketchum, P.A.1    Novitsky, T.J.2
  • 42
    • 0025988965 scopus 로고
    • Chylomicrons can inhibit endotoxin activity in vitro
    • Eichbaum, E. B., Harris, H. W., Kane, J. P. & Rapp, J. H. Chylomicrons can inhibit endotoxin activity in vitro. J. Surg. Res. 51, 413-416 (1991).
    • (1991) J. Surg. Res. , vol.51 , pp. 413-416
    • Eichbaum, E.B.1    Harris, H.W.2    Kane, J.P.3    Rapp, J.H.4
  • 44
    • 0031888096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endotoxin binding and elimination by monocytes: Secretion of soluble CD14 represents an inducible mechanism counteracting reduced expression of membrane CD14 in patients with sepsis and in a patient with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
    • Hiki, N. et al. Endotoxin binding and elimination by monocytes: secretion of soluble CD14 represents an inducible mechanism counteracting reduced expression of membrane CD14 in patients with sepsis and in a patient with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Infect. Immun. 66, 1135-1141 (1998). (Pubitemid 28101157)
    • (1998) Infection and Immunity , vol.66 , Issue.3 , pp. 1135-1141
    • Hiki, N.1    Berger, D.2    Prigl, C.3    Boelke, E.4    Wiedeck, H.5    Seidelmann, M.6    Staib, L.7    Kaminishi, M.8    Oohara, T.9    Beger, H.G.10
  • 45
    • 0028148736 scopus 로고
    • Increased soluble CD14 serum levels and altered CD14 expression of peripheral blood monocytes in HIV-infected patients
    • Nockher, W. A., Bergmann, L. & Scherberich, J. E. Increased soluble CD14 serum levels and altered CD14 expression of peripheral blood monocytes in HIV-infected patients. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 98, 369-374 (1994). (Pubitemid 24374718)
    • (1994) Clinical and Experimental Immunology , vol.98 , Issue.3 , pp. 369-374
    • Nockher, W.A.1    Bergmann, L.2    Scherberich, J.E.3
  • 46
    • 79955384228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Innate and adaptive immune responses both contribute to pathological CD4 T cell activation in HIV-1 infected Ugandans
    • Eller, M. A. et al. Innate and adaptive immune responses both contribute to pathological CD4 T cell activation in HIV-1 infected Ugandans. PLoS ONE 6, e18779 (2011).
    • PLoS ONE , vol.6
    • Eller, M.A.1
  • 47
    • 79954536349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for polymicrobic flora translocating in peripheral blood of HIV-infected patients with poor immune response to antiretroviral therapy
    • Merlini, E. et al. Evidence for polymicrobic flora translocating in peripheral blood of HIV-infected patients with poor immune response to antiretroviral therapy. PLoS ONE 6, e18580 (2011).
    • PLoS ONE , vol.6
    • Merlini, E.1
  • 48
    • 79957940339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soluble CD163 made by monocyte/macrophages is a novel marker of HIV activity in early and chronic infection prior to and after anti-retroviral therapy
    • Burdo, T. H. et al. Soluble CD163 made by monocyte/macrophages is a novel marker of HIV activity in early and chronic infection prior to and after anti-retroviral therapy. J. Infect. Dis. 204, 154-163 (2011).
    • (2011) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.204 , pp. 154-163
    • Burdo, T.H.1
  • 49
    • 84859753760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased platelet and microparticle activation in HIV infection: Upregulation of P-selectin and tissue factor expression
    • Mayne, E. et al. Increased platelet and microparticle activation in HIV infection: upregulation of P-selectin and tissue factor expression. J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 59, 340-346 (2012).
    • (2012) J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. , vol.59 , pp. 340-346
    • Mayne, E.1
  • 50
    • 80054739868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + T-cell response: A randomized controlled trial
    • + T-cell response: a randomized controlled trial. J. Infect. Dis. 204, 1532-1540 (2011).
    • (2011) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.204 , pp. 1532-1540
    • Byakwaga, H.1
  • 51
    • 84873465972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delayed reduction in CD4 T cell turnover following viral control correlates with markers of microbial translocation in treatment-naοve patients receiving RAL-based ART: Preliminary results from ACTG A5248
    • (Boston, Massachusetts, USA; 27 Feb-2 Mar 2011) Poster 318
    • Funderburg, N. T. et al. Delayed reduction in CD4 T cell turnover following viral control correlates with markers of microbial translocation in treatment-naοve patients receiving RAL-based ART: preliminary results from ACTG A5248. In 18th Conf. on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (Boston, Massachusetts, USA; 27 Feb-2 Mar 2011) Poster 318 (2011).
    • (2011) 18th Conf. on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections
    • Funderburg, N.T.1
  • 53
    • 67650716767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bacteroides fragilis signals through Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and not through TLR4
    • Alhawi, M., Stewart, J., Erridge, C., Patrick, S. & Poxton, I. R. Bacteroides fragilis signals through Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and not through TLR4. J. Med. Microbiol. 58, 1015-1022 (2009).
    • (2009) J. Med. Microbiol. , vol.58 , pp. 1015-1022
    • Alhawi, M.1    Stewart, J.2    Erridge, C.3    Patrick, S.4    Poxton, I.R.5
  • 54
    • 80053474363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel sensitive real-time PCR for quantification of bacterial 16S rRNA genes in plasma of HIV-infected patients as a marker for microbial translocation
    • Kramski, M. et al. Novel sensitive real-time PCR for quantification of bacterial 16S rRNA genes in plasma of HIV-infected patients as a marker for microbial translocation. J. Clin. Microbiol. 49, 3691-3693 (2011).
    • (2011) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.49 , pp. 3691-3693
    • Kramski, M.1
  • 55
    • 0025297197 scopus 로고
    • Frequent contamination of Taq polymerase with DNA
    • Bottger, E. C. Frequent contamination of Taq polymerase with DNA. Clin. Chem. 36, 1258-1259 (1990). (Pubitemid 20189281)
    • (1990) Clinical Chemistry , vol.36 , Issue.6 , pp. 1258-1259
    • Bottger, E.C.1
  • 56
    • 84863676731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of HMGB1/TLR ligand complexes on HIV-1 replication: Possible role for flagellin during HIV-1 infection
    • Nowak, P., Abdurahman, S., Lindkvist, A., Troseid, M. & Sonnerborg, A. Impact of HMGB1/TLR ligand complexes on HIV-1 replication: possible role for flagellin during HIV-1 infection. Int. J. Microbiol. 2012, 263836 (2012).
    • (2012) Int. J. Microbiol. , vol.2012 , pp. 263836
    • Nowak, P.1    Abdurahman, S.2    Lindkvist, A.3    Troseid, M.4    Sonnerborg, A.5
  • 57
    • 80051552856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular characterization of stool microbiota in HIV-infected subjects by panbacterial and order-level 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) quantification and correlations with immune activation
    • Ellis, C. L. et al. Molecular characterization of stool microbiota in HIV-infected subjects by panbacterial and order-level 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) quantification and correlations with immune activation. J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 57, 363-370 (2011).
    • (2011) J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. , vol.57 , pp. 363-370
    • Ellis, C.L.1
  • 58
    • 0021157562 scopus 로고
    • Enteropathy associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
    • Kotler, D. P., Gaetz, H. P., Lange, M., Klein, E. B. & Holt, P. R. Enteropathy associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann. Intern. Med. 101, 421-428 (1984). (Pubitemid 14018034)
    • (1984) Annals of Internal Medicine , vol.101 , Issue.4 , pp. 421-428
    • Kotler, D.P.1    Gaetz, H.P.2    Lange, M.3
  • 59
    • 0025823029 scopus 로고
    • Altered small-intestinal permeability associated with diarrhoea in human-immunodeficiency-virus-infected Caucasian and African subjects
    • Kapembwa, M. S. et al. Altered small-intestinal permeability associated with diarrhoea in human-immunodeficiency-virus-infected Caucasian and African subjects. Clin. Sci. (Lond.). 81, 327-334 (1991).
    • (1991) Clin. Sci. (Lond.). , vol.81 , pp. 327-334
    • Kapembwa, M.S.1
  • 61
    • 79751468870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathogenic mechanisms of HIV disease
    • Moir, S., Chun, T. W. & Fauci, A. S. Pathogenic mechanisms of HIV disease. Annu. Rev. Pathol. 6, 223-248 (2009).
    • (2009) Annu. Rev. Pathol. , vol.6 , pp. 223-248
    • Moir, S.1    Chun, T.W.2    Fauci, A.S.3
  • 62
    • 0023223180 scopus 로고
    • Duodenal mucosal T cell subpopulation and bacterial cultures in acquired immune deficiency syndrome
    • Budhraja, M., Levendoglu, H., Kocka, F., Mangkornkanok, M. & Sherer, R. Duodenal mucosal T cell subpopulation and bacterial cultures in acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 82, 427-431 (1987). (Pubitemid 17092987)
    • (1987) American Journal of Gastroenterology , vol.82 , Issue.5 , pp. 427-431
    • Budhraja, M.1    Levendoglu, H.2    Kocka, F.3
  • 63
    • 77955540419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and intestinal permeability
    • Lauritano, E. C. et al. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and intestinal permeability. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 45, 1131-1132 (2010).
    • (2010) Scand. J. Gastroenterol. , vol.45 , pp. 1131-1132
    • Lauritano, E.C.1
  • 64
    • 70349581233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma citrulline is a biomarker of enterocyte mass and an indicator of parenteral nutrition in HIV-infected patients
    • Crenn, P. et al. Plasma citrulline is a biomarker of enterocyte mass and an indicator of parenteral nutrition in HIV-infected patients. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 90, 587-594 (2009).
    • (2009) Am. J. Clin. Nutr. , vol.90 , pp. 587-594
    • Crenn, P.1
  • 65
    • 0025911278 scopus 로고
    • Human immunodeficiency virus infection of enterocytes and mononuclear cells in human jejunal mucosa
    • Heise, C. et al. Human immunodeficiency virus infection of enterocytes and mononuclear cells in human jejunal mucosa. Gastroenterology 100, 1521-1527 (1991).
    • (1991) Gastroenterology , vol.100 , pp. 1521-1527
    • Heise, C.1
  • 66
    • 78649847889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma citrulline as a quantitative biomarker of HIV-associated villous atrophy in a tropical enteropathy population
    • Papadia, C. et al. Plasma citrulline as a quantitative biomarker of HIV-associated villous atrophy in a tropical enteropathy population. Clin. Nutr. 29, 795-800 (2010).
    • (2010) Clin. Nutr. , vol.29 , pp. 795-800
    • Papadia, C.1
  • 67
    • 0037258717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The virotoxin model of HIV-1 enteropathy: Involvement of GPR15/Bob and galactosylceramide in the cytopathic effects induced by HIV-1 gp120 in the HT-29-D4 intestinal cell line
    • DOI 10.1159/000068089
    • Maresca, M. et al. The virotoxin model of HIV-1 enteropathy: involvement of GPR15/Bob and galactosylceramide in the cytopathic effects induced by HIV-1 gp120 in the HT-29-D4 intestinal cell line. J. Biomed. Sci. 10, 156-166 (2003). (Pubitemid 36173335)
    • (2003) Journal of Biomedical Science , vol.10 , Issue.1 , pp. 156-166
    • Maresca, M.1    Mahfoud, R.2    Garmy, N.3    Kotler, D.P.4    Fantini, J.5    Clayton, F.6
  • 68
    • 33748618171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LPS/CD14 activation triggers SGLT-1-mediated glucose uptake and cell rescue in intestinal epithelial cells via early apoptotic signals upstream of caspase-3
    • DOI 10.1016/j.yexcr.2006.06.023, PII S0014482706002515
    • Yu, L. C., Turner, J. R. & Buret, A. G. LPS/CD14 activation triggers SGLT-1-mediated glucose uptake and cell rescue in intestinal epithelial cells via early apoptotic signals upstream of caspase-3. Exp. Cell Res. 312, 3276-3286 (2006). (Pubitemid 44380229)
    • (2006) Experimental Cell Research , vol.312 , Issue.17 , pp. 3276-3286
    • Yu, L.C.H.1    Turner, J.R.2    Buret, A.G.3
  • 69
    • 77957352033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + T cells, epithelial apoptosis, and a mucosal barrier defect
    • + T cells, epithelial apoptosis, and a mucosal barrier defect. Gastroenterology 139, 1289-1300 (2010).
    • (2010) Gastroenterology , vol.139 , pp. 1289-1300
    • Epple, H.J.1
  • 70
    • 0028344387 scopus 로고
    • Physiological effects of HIV infection on human intestinal epithelial cells: An in vitro model for HIV enteropathy
    • Asmuth, D. M., Hammer, S. M. & Wanke, C. A. Physiological effects of HIV infection on human intestinal epithelial cells: an in vitro model for HIV enteropathy. AIDS 8, 205-211 (1994). (Pubitemid 24094117)
    • (1994) AIDS , vol.8 , Issue.2 , pp. 205-211
    • Asmuth, D.M.1    Hammer, S.M.2    Wanke, C.A.3
  • 71
    • 77954059792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure to HIV-1 directly impairs mucosal epithelial barrier integrity allowing microbial translocation
    • Nazli, A. et al. Exposure to HIV-1 directly impairs mucosal epithelial barrier integrity allowing microbial translocation. PLoS Pathog. 6, e1000852 (2010).
    • (2010) PLoS Pathog. , vol.6
    • Nazli, A.1
  • 73
    • 0034869813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intraepithelial and lamina propria lymphocytes show distinct patterns of apoptosis whereas both populations are active in Fas based cytotoxicity in coeliac disease
    • DOI 10.1136/gut.49.3.380
    • Di Sabatino, A. et al. Intraepithelial and lamina propria lymphocytes show distinct patterns of apoptosis whereas both populations are active in Fas based cytotoxicity in coeliac disease. Gut 49, 380-386 (2001). (Pubitemid 32802573)
    • (2001) Gut , vol.49 , Issue.3 , pp. 380-386
    • Di Sabatino, A.1    Ciccocioppo, R.2    D'Alo, S.3    Parroni, R.4    Millimaggi, D.5    Cifone, M.G.6    Corazza, G.R.7
  • 74
    • 0025062193 scopus 로고
    • The role of activated T cells in transformed intestinal mucosa
    • MacDonald, T. T. & Spencer, J. The role of activated T cells in transformed intestinal mucosa. Digestion 46 (Suppl. 2), 290-296 (1990). (Pubitemid 20298727)
    • (1990) Digestion , vol.46 , Issue.SUPPL. 2 , pp. 290-296
    • MacDonald, T.T.1    Spencer, J.2
  • 76
    • 0032771184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytokine-based therapies in inflammatory bowel disease
    • DOI 10.1097/00001574-199907000-00005
    • Kam, L. Y. & Targan, S. R. Cytokine-based therapies in inflammatory bowel disease. Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol. 15, 302-307 (1999). (Pubitemid 29377248)
    • (1999) Current Opinion in Gastroenterology , vol.15 , Issue.4 , pp. 302-307
    • Kam, L.Y.1    Targan, S.R.2
  • 77
    • 0034464238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postabsorptive plasma citrulline concentration is a marker of absorptive enterocyte mass and intestinal failure in humans
    • Crenn, P., Coudray-Lucas, C., Thuillier, F., Cynober, L. & Messing, B. Postabsorptive plasma citrulline concentration is a marker of absorptive enterocyte mass and intestinal failure in humans. Gastroenterology 119, 1496-1505 (2000). (Pubitemid 32198675)
    • (2000) Gastroenterology , vol.119 , Issue.6 , pp. 1496-1505
    • Crenn, P.1    Coudray-Lucas, C.2    Thuillier, F.3    Cynober, L.4    Messing, B.5
  • 78
    • 37349078686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid onset of intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction in primary human immunodeficiency virus infection is driven by an imbalance between immune response and mucosal repair and regeneration
    • DOI 10.1128/JVI.01449-07
    • Sankaran, S. et al. Rapid onset of intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction in primary human immunodeficiency virus infection is driven by an imbalance between immune response and mucosal repair and regeneration. J. Virol. 82, 538-545 (2008). (Pubitemid 350309168)
    • (2008) Journal of Virology , vol.82 , Issue.1 , pp. 538-545
    • Sankaran, S.1    George, M.D.2    Reay, E.3    Guadalupe, M.4    Flamm, J.5    Prindiville, T.6    Dandekar, S.7
  • 79
    • 78049291281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A role for syndecan-1 and claudin-2 in microbial translocation during HIV-1 infection
    • Smith, A. J., Schacker, T. W., Reilly, C. S. & Haase, A. T. A role for syndecan-1 and claudin-2 in microbial translocation during HIV-1 infection. J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 55, 306-315 (2010).
    • (2010) J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. , vol.55 , pp. 306-315
    • Smith, A.J.1    Schacker, T.W.2    Reilly, C.S.3    Haase, A.T.4
  • 80
    • 0027298094 scopus 로고
    • Intestinal mucosal inflammation associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection
    • Kotler, D. P., Reka, S. & Clayton, F. Intestinal mucosal inflammation associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Dig. Dis. Sci. 38, 1119-1127 (1993). (Pubitemid 23175136)
    • (1993) Digestive Diseases and Sciences , vol.38 , Issue.6 , pp. 1119-1127
    • Kotler, D.P.1    Reka, S.2    Clayton, F.3
  • 81
    • 0031023132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective depletion of rectal lamina propria rather than lymphoid aggregate CD4 lymphocytes in HIV infection
    • Clayton, F., Snow, G., Reka, S. & Kotler, D. P. Selective depletion of rectal lamina propria rather than lymphoid aggregate CD4 lymphocytes in HIV infection. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 107, 288-292 (1997). (Pubitemid 27049254)
    • (1997) Clinical and Experimental Immunology , vol.107 , Issue.2 , pp. 288-292
    • Clayton, F.1    Snow, G.2    Reka, S.3    Kotler, D.P.4
  • 82
    • 0028811367 scopus 로고
    • Loss of CD4 T lymphocytes in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 is more pronounced in the duodenal mucosa than in the peripheral blood
    • Berlin Diarrhea/Wasting Syndrome Study Group
    • Schneider, T. et al. Loss of CD4 T lymphocytes in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 is more pronounced in the duodenal mucosa than in the peripheral blood. Berlin Diarrhea/Wasting Syndrome Study Group. Gut 37, 524-529 (1995).
    • (1995) Gut , vol.37 , pp. 524-529
    • Schneider, T.1
  • 84
    • 53449093632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential Th17 CD4 T-cell depletion in pathogenic and nonpathogenic lentiviral infections
    • Brenchley, J. M. et al. Differential Th17 CD4 T-cell depletion in pathogenic and nonpathogenic lentiviral infections. Blood 112, 2826-2835 (2008).
    • (2008) Blood , vol.112 , pp. 2826-2835
    • Brenchley, J.M.1
  • 86
    • 78149471644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + T cell activation in HIV-infected individuals
    • + T cell activation in HIV-infected individuals. J. Immunol. 185, 5169-5179 (2010).
    • (2010) J. Immunol. , vol.185 , pp. 5169-5179
    • Gordon, S.N.1
  • 89
    • 0142092389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + T-Cell Depletion in Gut Lymphoid Tissue during Primary Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection and Substantial Delay in Restoration following Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy
    • DOI 10.1128/JVI.77.21.11708-11717.2003
    • + T-cell depletion in gut lymphoid tissue during primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection and substantial delay in restoration following highly active antiretroviral therapy. J. Virol. 77, 11708-11717 (2003). (Pubitemid 37271669)
    • (2003) Journal of Virology , vol.77 , Issue.21 , pp. 11708-11717
    • Guadalupe, M.1    Reay, E.2    Sankaran, S.3    Prindiville, T.4    Flamm, J.5    McNeil, A.6    Dandekar, S.7
  • 91
    • 77749295656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Susceptibility of human Th17 cells to human immunodeficiency virus and their perturbation during infection
    • El Hed, A. et al. Susceptibility of human Th17 cells to human immunodeficiency virus and their perturbation during infection. J. Infect. Dis. 201, 843-854 (2010).
    • (2010) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.201 , pp. 843-854
    • El Hed, A.1
  • 92
    • 45749101727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • H17 cells
    • DOI 10.1038/nature07036, PII NATURE07036
    • Bettelli, E., Korn, T., Oukka, M. & Kuchroo, V. K. Induction and effector functions of TH17 cells. Nature 453, 1051-1057 (2008). (Pubitemid 351871737)
    • (2008) Nature , vol.453 , Issue.7198 , pp. 1051-1057
    • Bettelli, E.1    Korn, T.2    Oukka, M.3    Kuchroo, V.K.4
  • 93
    • 70349113040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Th17 cytokines and host-pathogen interactions at the mucosa: Dichotomies of help and harm
    • Liu, J. Z., Pezeshki, M. & Raffatellu, M. Th17 cytokines and host-pathogen interactions at the mucosa: dichotomies of help and harm. Cytokine 48, 156-160 (2009).
    • (2009) Cytokine , vol.48 , pp. 156-160
    • Liu, J.Z.1    Pezeshki, M.2    Raffatellu, M.3
  • 94
    • 77952977625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tryptophan catabolism by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 alters the balance of TH17 to regulatory T cells in HIV disease
    • Favre, D. et al. Tryptophan catabolism by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 alters the balance of TH17 to regulatory T cells in HIV disease. Sci. Transl. Med. 2, 32ra36 (2010).
    • (2010) Sci. Transl. Med. , vol.2
    • Favre, D.1
  • 96
    • 84860372550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early and long-lasting alteration of effector CD45RA-Foxp3high regulatory T-cell homeostasis during HIV infection
    • Simonetta, F. et al. Early and long-lasting alteration of effector CD45RA-Foxp3high regulatory T-cell homeostasis during HIV infection. J. Infect. Dis. 205, 1510-1519 (2012).
    • (2012) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.205 , pp. 1510-1519
    • Simonetta, F.1
  • 97
    • 84860372351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + regulatory T cells in HIV-infected patients with low-level CD4 T-cell repopulation despite suppressive highly active antiretroviral therapy
    • + regulatory T cells in HIV-infected patients with low-level CD4 T-cell repopulation despite suppressive highly active antiretroviral therapy. J. Infect. Dis. 205, 1501-1509 (2012).
    • (2012) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.205 , pp. 1501-1509
    • Mendez-Lagares, G.1
  • 98
    • 80053203320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + mucosal NK cells during SIV infection
    • + mucosal NK cells during SIV infection. Blood 118, 3321-3330 (2011).
    • (2011) Blood , vol.118 , pp. 3321-3330
    • Reeves, R.K.1
  • 101
    • 72949120591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kupffer cells are depleted with HIV immunodeficiency and partially recovered with antiretroviral immune reconstitution
    • Balagopal, A. et al. Kupffer cells are depleted with HIV immunodeficiency and partially recovered with antiretroviral immune reconstitution. AIDS 23, 2397-2404 (2009).
    • (2009) AIDS , vol.23 , pp. 2397-2404
    • Balagopal, A.1
  • 102
    • 80053606297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Host response to translocated microbial products predicts outcomes of patients with HBV or HCV infection
    • 1230.e1-1230.e3
    • Sandler, N. G. et al. Host response to translocated microbial products predicts outcomes of patients with HBV or HCV infection. Gastroenterology 141, 1220-1230, 1230.e1-1230.e3 (2011).
    • (2011) Gastroenterology , vol.141 , pp. 1220-1230
    • Sandler, N.G.1
  • 103
    • 0026078067 scopus 로고
    • Plasma endotoxin concentrations in patients with alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver disease: Reevaluation with an improved chromogenic assay
    • Fukui, H., Brauner, B., Bode, J. C. & Bode, C. Plasma endotoxin concentrations in patients with alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver disease: reevaluation with an improved chromogenic assay. J. Hepatol. 12, 162-169 (1991).
    • (1991) J. Hepatol. , vol.12 , pp. 162-169
    • Fukui, H.1    Brauner, B.2    Bode, J.C.3    Bode, C.4
  • 105
    • 78149429491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noncirrhotic portal hypertension in HIV-infected patients: A case control evaluation and review of the literature
    • Cesari, M. et al. Noncirrhotic portal hypertension in HIV-infected patients: a case control evaluation and review of the literature. AIDS Patient Care STDS 24, 697-703 (2010).
    • (2010) AIDS Patient Care STDS , vol.24 , pp. 697-703
    • Cesari, M.1
  • 106
    • 79959434560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High prevalence of liver fibrosis associated with HIV infection: A study in rural Rakai, Uganda
    • Stabinski, L. et al. High prevalence of liver fibrosis associated with HIV infection: a study in rural Rakai, Uganda. Antivir. Ther. 16, 405-411 (2011).
    • (2011) Antivir. Ther. , vol.16 , pp. 405-411
    • Stabinski, L.1
  • 107
    • 0037322692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defective phagocytosis by human monocyte/macrophages following HIV-1 infection: Underlying mechanisms and modulation by adjunctive cytokine therapy
    • DOI 10.1016/S1386-6532(02)00123-3, PII S1386653202001233
    • Kedzierska, K. et al. Defective phagocytosis by human monocyte/macrophages following HIV-1 infection: underlying mechanisms and modulation by adjunctive cytokine therapy. J. Clin. Virol. 26, 247-263 (2003). (Pubitemid 36206609)
    • (2003) Journal of Clinical Virology , vol.26 , Issue.2 , pp. 247-263
    • Kedzierska, K.1    Azzam, R.2    Ellery, P.3    Mak, J.4    Jaworowski, A.5    Crowe, S.M.6
  • 108
    • 0032977715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo cytokine and neuroendocrine responses to endotoxin in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects
    • DOI 10.1086/314819
    • da Silva, B., Singer, W., Fong, I. W. & Ottaway, C. A. In vivo cytokine and neuroendocrine responses to endotoxin in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects. J. Infect. Dis. 180, 106-115 (1999). (Pubitemid 29293924)
    • (1999) Journal of Infectious Diseases , vol.180 , Issue.1 , pp. 106-115
    • Da Silva, B.1    Singer, W.2    Fong, I.W.3    Ottaway, C.A.4
  • 109
    • 77954759074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure to HIV-1-encoded Toll-like receptor 8 ligands enhances monocyte response to microbial encoded Toll-like receptor 2/4 ligands
    • Mureith, M. W., Chang, J. J., Lifson, J. D., Ndung'u, T. & Altfeld, M. Exposure to HIV-1-encoded Toll-like receptor 8 ligands enhances monocyte response to microbial encoded Toll-like receptor 2/4 ligands. AIDS 24, 1841-1848 (2010).
    • (2010) AIDS , vol.24 , pp. 1841-1848
    • Mureith, M.W.1    Chang, J.J.2    Lifson, J.D.3    Ndung'U, T.4    Altfeld, M.5
  • 111
    • 0034667544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + T cells during human endotoxemia and after stimulation with (myco) bacterial antigens: The role of cytokines
    • + T cells during human endotoxemia and after stimulation with (myco) bacterial antigens: the role of cytokines. Blood 96, 2649-2654 (2000).
    • (2000) Blood , vol.96 , pp. 2649-2654
    • Juffermans, N.P.1
  • 112
    • 79251605975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of activated monocyte phenotype support R5-tropic human immunodeficiency virus
    • Munsaka, S. M. et al. Characteristics of activated monocyte phenotype support R5-tropic human immunodeficiency virus. Immunol. Immunogenet. Insights 1, 15-20 (2009).
    • (2009) Immunol. Immunogenet. Insights , vol.1 , pp. 15-20
    • Munsaka, S.M.1
  • 114
    • 0034532632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + lymphocytes in HIV-infected patients are effector T cells accumulated in the G1 phase of the cell cycle
    • + lymphocytes in HIV-infected patients are effector T cells accumulated in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Eur. J. Immunol. 30, 3598-3603 (2000).
    • (2000) Eur. J. Immunol. , vol.30 , pp. 3598-3603
    • Combadere, B.1
  • 116
    • 77955432632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + T-cell counts during antiretroviral therapy
    • + T-cell counts during antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 24, 1991-2000 (2010).
    • (2010) AIDS , vol.24 , pp. 1991-2000
    • Piconi, S.1
  • 117
    • 79959958958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibody and B-cell responses may control circulating lipopolysaccharide in patients with HIV infection
    • Lim, A. et al. Antibody and B-cell responses may control circulating lipopolysaccharide in patients with HIV infection. AIDS 25, 1379-1383 (2011).
    • (2011) AIDS , vol.25 , pp. 1379-1383
    • Lim, A.1
  • 118
    • 85027956964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + cell count
    • + cell count. AIDS 25, 1385-1394 (2011).
    • (2011) AIDS , vol.25 , pp. 1385-1394
    • Marchetti, G.1
  • 119
    • 71549143183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + subjects with <50 copies/ml HIV-1 RNA
    • + subjects with <50 copies/ml HIV-1 RNA. J. Clin. Virol. 46, 367-370 (2009)
    • (2009) J. Clin. Virol. , vol.46 , pp. 367-370
    • Baroncelli, S.1
  • 120
    • 0032530736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated levels of serum-soluble CD14 in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection: Correlation to disease progression and clinical events
    • Lien, E. et al. Elevated levels of serum-soluble CD14 in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection: correlation to disease progression and clinical events. Blood 92, 2084-2092 (1998). (Pubitemid 28446698)
    • (1998) Blood , vol.92 , Issue.6 , pp. 2084-2092
    • Lien, E.1    Aukrust, P.2    Sundan, A.3    Muller, F.4    Froland, S.S.5    Espevik, T.6
  • 121
    • 53549129725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + T-cell reconstitution in HIV-infected patients on long-term highly active antiretroviral therapy
    • + T-cell reconstitution in HIV-infected patients on long-term highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 22, 2035-2038 (2008).
    • (2008) AIDS , vol.22 , pp. 2035-2038
    • Marchetti, G.1
  • 122
    • 77950947891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CD4 T-cell hyperactivation and susceptibility to cell death determine poor CD4 T-cell recovery during suppressive HAART
    • Massanella, M. et al. CD4 T-cell hyperactivation and susceptibility to cell death determine poor CD4 T-cell recovery during suppressive HAART. AIDS 24, 959-968 (2010).
    • (2010) AIDS , vol.24 , pp. 959-968
    • Massanella, M.1
  • 123
    • 33748052966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative analysis of T-cell turnover and homeostatic parameters in HIV-infected patients with discordant immune-virological responses to HAART
    • DOI 10.1097/01.aids.0000242819.72839.db, PII 0000203020060822000006
    • Marchetti, G. et al. Comparative analysis of T-cell turnover and homeostatic parameters in HIV-infected patients with discordant immune-virological responses to HAART. AIDS 20, 1727-1736 (2006). (Pubitemid 44299364)
    • (2006) AIDS , vol.20 , Issue.13 , pp. 1727-1736
    • Marchetti, G.1    Gori, A.2    Casabianca, A.3    Magnani, M.4    Franzetti, F.5    Clerici, M.6    Perno, C.-F.7    Monforte, A.D'A.8    Galli, M.9    Meroni, L.10
  • 124
    • 70349273714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disturbance of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue is associated with disease progression in chronic HIV infection
    • Hofer, U. & Speck, R. F. Disturbance of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue is associated with disease progression in chronic HIV infection. Semin. Immunopathol. 31, 257-266 (2009).
    • (2009) Semin. Immunopathol. , vol.31 , pp. 257-266
    • Hofer, U.1    Speck, R.F.2
  • 126
    • 48749093073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Collagen deposition limits immune reconstitution in the gut
    • Estes, J. et al. Collagen deposition limits immune reconstitution in the gut. J. Infect. Dis. 198, 456-464 (2008).
    • (2008) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.198 , pp. 456-464
    • Estes, J.1
  • 129
    • 84865174941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + T cell responses during suppressive ART
    • (Boston, Massachusetts, USA; 27 Feb-2 Mar 2011) Poster 319
    • + T cell responses during suppressive ART. In 18th Conf. on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (Boston, Massachusetts, USA; 27 Feb-2 Mar 2011) Poster 319 (2011).
    • (2011) 18th Conf. on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections
    • Hunt, P.1
  • 130
    • 84861702017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lymphoid tissue structure and HIV-1 infection: Life or death for T cells
    • Zeng, M., Haase, A. T. & Schacker, T. W. Lymphoid tissue structure and HIV-1 infection: life or death for T cells. Trends Immunol. 33, 306-314 (2012).
    • (2012) Trends Immunol. , vol.33 , pp. 306-314
    • Zeng, M.1    Haase, A.T.2    Schacker, T.W.3
  • 131
    • 80051547340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma sCD14 is a biomarker associated with impaired neurocognitive test performance in attention and learning domains in HIV infection
    • Lyons, J. L. et al. Plasma sCD14 is a biomarker associated with impaired neurocognitive test performance in attention and learning domains in HIV infection. J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 57, 371-379 (2011).
    • (2011) J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. , vol.57 , pp. 371-379
    • Lyons, J.L.1
  • 133
    • 0347320928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mononuclear phagocyte immunity and the neuropathogenesis of HIV-1 infection
    • DOI 10.1189/jlb.0503205
    • Persidsky, Y. & Gendelman, H. E. Mononuclear phagocyte immunity and the neuropathogenesis of HIV-1 infection. J. Leukoc. Biol. 74, 691-701 (2003). (Pubitemid 38040345)
    • (2003) Journal of Leukocyte Biology , vol.74 , Issue.5 , pp. 691-701
    • Persidsky, Y.1    Gendelman, H.E.2
  • 134
    • 47649129312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiological evidence for cardiovascular disease in HIV-infected patients and relationship to highly active antiretroviral therapy
    • Currier, J. S. et al. Epidemiological evidence for cardiovascular disease in HIV-infected patients and relationship to highly active antiretroviral therapy. Circulation 118, e29-e35 (2008).
    • (2008) Circulation , vol.118
    • Currier, J.S.1
  • 135
    • 0034094273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accelerated coronary atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis in young human-immunodeficiency-virus-positive patients
    • DOI 10.1097/00019501-200002000-00008
    • Tabib, A., Leroux, C., Mornex, J. F. & Loire, R. Accelerated coronary atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis in young human-immunodeficiency-virus- positive patients. Coron. Artery Dis. 11, 41-46 (2000). (Pubitemid 30142719)
    • (2000) Coronary Artery Disease , vol.11 , Issue.1 , pp. 41-46
    • Tabib, A.1    Leroux, C.2    Mornex, J.-F.3    Loire, R.4
  • 136
    • 58149187294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human immunodeficiency virus infection and risk of venous thromboembolism
    • Matta, F., Yaekoub, A. Y. & Stein, P. D. Human immunodeficiency virus infection and risk of venous thromboembolism. Am. J. Med. Sci. 336, 402-406 (2008).
    • (2008) Am. J. Med. Sci. , vol.336 , pp. 402-406
    • Matta, F.1    Yaekoub, A.Y.2    Stein, P.D.3
  • 137
    • 75649127335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased tissue factor expression on circulating monocytes in chronic HIV infection: Relationship to in vivo coagulation and immune activation
    • Funderburg, N. T. et al. Increased tissue factor expression on circulating monocytes in chronic HIV infection: relationship to in vivo coagulation and immune activation. Blood 115, 161-167 (2010).
    • (2010) Blood , vol.115 , pp. 161-167
    • Funderburg, N.T.1
  • 139
    • 37249068049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Platelet activation and atherothrombosis
    • Davi, G. & Patrono, C. Platelet activation and atherothrombosis. N. Engl. J. Med. 357, 2482-2494 (2007).
    • (2007) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.357 , pp. 2482-2494
    • Davi, G.1    Patrono, C.2
  • 144
    • 33845904393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lack of mucosal immune reconstitution during prolonged treatment of acute and early HIV-1 infection
    • Mehandru, S. et al. Lack of mucosal immune reconstitution during prolonged treatment of acute and early HIV-1 infection. PLoS Med. 3, e484 (2006).
    • (2006) PLoS Med. , vol.3
    • Mehandru, S.1
  • 145
    • 77449086886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endotoxin-binding affinity of sevelamer: A potential novel anti-inflammatory mechanism
    • Sun, P. P., Perianayagam, M. C. & Jaber, B. L. Endotoxin-binding affinity of sevelamer: a potential novel anti-inflammatory mechanism. Kidney Int. Suppl. S20-S25 (2009).
    • (2009) Kidney Int. Suppl.
    • Sun, P.P.1    Perianayagam, M.C.2    Jaber, B.L.3
  • 146
    • 77950031877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sevelamer decreases systemic inflammation in parallel to a reduction in endotoxemia
    • Stinghen, A. E. et al. Sevelamer decreases systemic inflammation in parallel to a reduction in endotoxemia. Blood Purif. 29, 352-356 (2010).
    • (2010) Blood Purif. , vol.29 , pp. 352-356
    • Stinghen, A.E.1
  • 147
    • 63849083717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intestinal decontamination improves liver haemodynamics in patients with alcohol-related decompensated cirrhosis
    • Vlachogiannakos, J. et al. Intestinal decontamination improves liver haemodynamics in patients with alcohol-related decompensated cirrhosis. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 29, 992-999 (2009).
    • (2009) Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. , vol.29 , pp. 992-999
    • Vlachogiannakos, J.1
  • 148
    • 84856407574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rifaximin reduces endotoxemia and improves liver function and disease severity in patients with decompensated cirrhosis
    • Kalambokis, G. N. & Tsianos, E. V. Rifaximin reduces endotoxemia and improves liver function and disease severity in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Hepatology 55, 655-656 (2012).
    • (2012) Hepatology , vol.55 , pp. 655-656
    • Kalambokis, G.N.1    Tsianos, E.V.2
  • 149
    • 84865183288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Administration of rifaximin and sulfasalazine during acute SIV infection decreases microbial translocation and coagulation marker levels and significantly impacts viral replication
    • (Seattle, Washington, USA; 5-8 Mar 2012) Paper 162
    • Pandrea, I. et al. Administration of rifaximin and sulfasalazine during acute SIV infection decreases microbial translocation and coagulation marker levels and significantly impacts viral replication. In 19th Conf. on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (Seattle, Washington, USA; 5-8 Mar 2012) Paper 162 (2012).
    • (2012) 19th Conf. on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections
    • Pandrea, I.1
  • 150
    • 34848912627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective increases of bifidobacteria in gut microflora improve high-fat-diet-induced diabetes in mice through a mechanism associated with endotoxaemia
    • DOI 10.1007/s00125-007-0791-0
    • Cani, P. D. et al. Selective increases of bifidobacteria in gut microflora improve high-fat-diet-induced diabetes in mice through a mechanism associated with endotoxaemia. Diabetologia 50, 2374-2383 (2007). (Pubitemid 47512397)
    • (2007) Diabetologia , vol.50 , Issue.11 , pp. 2374-2383
    • Cani, P.D.1    Neyrinck, A.M.2    Fava, F.3    Knauf, C.4    Burcelin, R.G.5    Tuohy, K.M.6    Gibson, G.R.7    Delzenne, N.M.8
  • 151
    • 84860390171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specific prebiotics modulate gut microbiota and immune activation in HAART-naive HIV-infected adults: Results of the COPA pilot randomized trial
    • Gori, A. et al. Specific prebiotics modulate gut microbiota and immune activation in HAART-naive HIV-infected adults: results of the "COPA" pilot randomized trial. Mucosal Immunol. 4, 554-563 (2011).
    • (2011) Mucosal Immunol. , vol.4 , pp. 554-563
    • Gori, A.1
  • 152
    • 3242664636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recognition of commensal microflora by toll-like receptors is required for intestinal homeostasis
    • DOI 10.1016/j.cell.2004.07.002, PII S0092867404006610
    • Rakoff-Nahoum, S., Paglino, J., Eslami-Varzaneh, F., Edberg, S. & Medzhitov, R. Recognition of commensal microflora by toll-like receptors is required for intestinal homeostasis. Cell 118, 229-241 (2004). (Pubitemid 38962578)
    • (2004) Cell , vol.118 , Issue.2 , pp. 229-241
    • Rakoff-Nahoum, S.1    Paglino, J.2    Eslami-Varzaneh, F.3    Edberg, S.4    Medzhitov, R.5
  • 153
    • 78049505077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction of immune activation with chloroquine therapy during chronic HIV infection
    • Murray, S. M. et al. Reduction of immune activation with chloroquine therapy during chronic HIV infection. J. Virol. 84, 12082-12086 (2010).
    • (2010) J. Virol. , vol.84 , pp. 12082-12086
    • Murray, S.M.1
  • 154
    • 80053203528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydroxychloroquine drastically reduces immune activation in HIV-infected, antiretroviral therapy-treated immunologic nonresponders
    • Piconi, S. et al. Hydroxychloroquine drastically reduces immune activation in HIV-infected, antiretroviral therapy-treated immunologic nonresponders. Blood 118, 3263-3272 (2010).
    • (2010) Blood , vol.118 , pp. 3263-3272
    • Piconi, S.1
  • 156
    • 80052968260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of severity of illness on the effects of eritoran tetrasodium (E5564) and on other therapies for severe sepsis
    • Kalil, A. C., LaRosa, S. P., Gogate, J., Lynn, M. & Opal, S. M.
    • (2011) Shock , vol.36 , pp. 327-331
    • Kalil, A.C.1    Larosa, S.P.2    Gogate, J.3    Lynn, M.4    Opal, S.M.5
  • 157
    • 79952753327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutical targeting of nucleic acid-sensing Toll-like receptors prevents experimental cerebral malaria
    • Franklin, B. S. et al. Therapeutical targeting of nucleic acid-sensing Toll-like receptors prevents experimental cerebral malaria. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 108, 3689-3694 (2011).
    • (2011) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.108 , pp. 3689-3694
    • Franklin, B.S.1
  • 158
    • 77951260924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of pattern-recognition receptors in innate immunity: Update on Toll-like receptors
    • Kawai, T. & Akira, S. The role of pattern-recognition receptors in innate immunity: update on Toll-like receptors. Nature Immunol. 11, 373-384 (2010).
    • (2010) Nature Immunol. , vol.11 , pp. 373-384
    • Kawai, T.1    Akira, S.2
  • 159
    • 35348932070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracellular NOD-like Receptors in Host Defense and Disease
    • DOI 10.1016/j.immuni.2007.10.002, PII S1074761307004554
    • Kanneganti, T. D., Lamkanfi, M. & Nunez, G. Intracellular NOD-like receptors in host defense and disease. Immunity 27, 549-559 (2007). (Pubitemid 47615512)
    • (2007) Immunity , vol.27 , Issue.4 , pp. 549-559
    • Kanneganti, T.-D.1    Lamkanfi, M.2    Nunez, G.3
  • 160
    • 44649201289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HIV infection and the gastrointestinal immune system
    • Brenchley, J. M. & Douek, D. C. HIV infection and the gastrointestinal immune system. Mucosal Immunol. 1, 23-30 (2008).
    • (2008) Mucosal Immunol. , vol.1 , pp. 23-30
    • Brenchley, J.M.1    Douek, D.C.2
  • 161
    • 33947498354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum lipopolysaccharide-binding protein in endotoxemic patients with inflammatory bowel disease
    • Pastor Rojo, O. et al. Serum lipopolysaccharide-binding protein in endotoxemic patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 13, 269-277 (2007).
    • (2007) Inflamm. Bowel Dis. , vol.13 , pp. 269-277
    • Pastor Rojo, O.1
  • 162
    • 0029010945 scopus 로고
    • Significance of systemic endotoxaemia in inflammatory bowel disease
    • Gardiner, K. R. et al. Significance of systemic endotoxaemia in inflammatory bowel disease. Gut 36, 897-901 (1995).
    • (1995) Gut , vol.36 , pp. 897-901
    • Gardiner, K.R.1
  • 163
    • 44349124113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The genetics and immunopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease
    • DOI 10.1038/nri2340, PII NRI2340
    • Cho, J. H. The genetics and immunopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Nature Rev. Immunol. 8, 458-466 (2008). (Pubitemid 351733422)
    • (2008) Nature Reviews Immunology , vol.8 , Issue.6 , pp. 458-466
    • Cho, J.H.1
  • 164
    • 67349255858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Signalling pathways in alcohol-induced liver inflammation
    • Mandrekar, P. & Szabo, G. Signalling pathways in alcohol-induced liver inflammation. J. Hepatol. 50, 1258-1266 (2009).
    • (2009) J. Hepatol. , vol.50 , pp. 1258-1266
    • Mandrekar, P.1    Szabo, G.2
  • 165
    • 83355163261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipopolysaccharide levels are elevated in dengue virus infected patients and correlate with disease severity
    • van de Weg, C. A. et al. Lipopolysaccharide levels are elevated in dengue virus infected patients and correlate with disease severity. J. Clin. Virol. 53, 38-42 (2011).
    • (2011) J. Clin. Virol. , vol.53 , pp. 38-42
    • Van De Weg, C.A.1
  • 166
    • 79960959727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence that lipopolisaccharide may contribute to the cytokine storm and cellular activation in patients with visceral leishmaniasis
    • Santos-Oliveira, J. R. et al. Evidence that lipopolisaccharide may contribute to the cytokine storm and cellular activation in patients with visceral leishmaniasis. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 5, e1198 (2011).
    • (2011) PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. , vol.5
    • Santos-Oliveira, J.R.1
  • 167
    • 77949886724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intestinal dysbiosis and reduced immunoglobulin-coated bacteria associated with coeliac disease in children
    • De Palma, G. et al. Intestinal dysbiosis and reduced immunoglobulin- coated bacteria associated with coeliac disease in children. BMC Microbiol. 10, 63 (2010).
    • (2010) BMC Microbiol. , vol.10 , Issue.63
    • De Palma, G.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.