Role of GSTM1 in resistance to lung inflammation

Free Radical Biology and Medicine

Volumn 53, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 721-729

  Wu, Weidong ^a   Peden, David ^a   Diaz Sanchez, David ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b U S ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY   (United States)

Author keywords

Air pollution; Free radicals; GSTM1 polymorphism; Lung inflammation; Nrf2

Indexed keywords

GLUTATHIONE; GLUTATHIONE TRANSFERASE M1; SULFORAPHANE;

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; ASTHMA; CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASE; DIET SUPPLEMENTATION; DISEASE PREDISPOSITION; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; GENE; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; GENETIC ASSOCIATION; GENETIC POLYMORPHISM; GENETIC VARIABILITY; HUMAN; IN VITRO STUDY; INFLAMMATION; LUNG RESISTANCE; NONHUMAN; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PHENOTYPE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW;

AIR POLLUTION; ANIMALS; ANTIOXIDANTS; GENE EXPRESSION; GLUTATHIONE TRANSFERASE; HUMANS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PNEUMONIA; SEQUENCE DELETION;

ANIMALIA;

EID: 84864362318     PISSN: 08915849     EISSN: 18734596     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.05.037     Document Type: Review

References (163)

1. I.M. Adcock, P. Ford, K. Ito, and P.J. Barnes Epigenetics and airways disease Respir. Res. 7 2006 21
2. I.M. Adcock, K. Ito, and P.J. Barnes Histone deacetylation: an important mechanism in inflammatory lung diseases Copd 2 2005 445 455
3. S.K. Biswas, and I. Rahman Environmental toxicity, redox signaling and lung inflammation: the role of glutathione Mol. Aspects Med. 30 2009 60 76
4. I. Rahman, and W. MacNee Role of transcription factors in inflammatory lung diseases Thorax 53 1998 601 612
5. J.D. Lang, P.J. McArdle, P.J. O'Reilly, and S. Matalon Oxidant-antioxidant balance in acute lung injury Chest 122 2002 314S 320S
6. I. Rahman, S.K. Biswas, and A. Kode Oxidant and antioxidant balance in the airways and airway diseases Eur. J. Pharmacol. 533 2006 222 239
7. V.L. Kinnula, J.D. Crapo, and K.O. Raivio Generation and disposal of reactive oxygen metabolites in the lung Lab. Invest. 73 1995 3 19
8. D.F. Church, and W.A. Pryor Free-radical chemistry of cigarette smoke and its toxicological implications Environ. Health Perspect. 64 1985 111 126
9. I. Rahman, and W. MacNee Oxidative stress and regulation of glutathione in lung inflammation Eur. Respir. J. 16 2000 534 554
10. M.C. Wilce, and M.W. Parker Structure and function of glutathione S-transferases Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1205 1994 1 18
11. R.C. Strange, M.A. Spiteri, S. Ramachandran, and A.A. Fryer Glutathione-S-transferase family of enzymes Mutat. Res. 482 2001 21 26
12. D.W. Nebert, and V. Vasiliou Analysis of the glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene family Hum. Genomics 1 2004 460 464
13. J.D. Hayes, J.U. Flanagan, and I.R. Jowsey Glutathione transferases Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 45 2005 51 88
14. F. Ali-Osman, O. Akande, G. Antoun, J.X. Mao, and J. Buolamwini Molecular cloning, characterization, and expression in Escherichia coli of full-length cDNAs of three human glutathione S-transferase Pi gene variants: evidence for differential catalytic activity of the encoded proteins J. Biol. Chem 272 1997 10004 10012
15. S.C. Cotton, L. Sharp, J. Little, and N. Brockton Glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms and colorectal cancer: a HuGE review Am. J. Epidemiol. 151 2000 7 32
16. S.M. Hou, D. Ryberg, S. Falt, A. Deverill, T. Tefre, A.L. Borresen, A. Haugen, and B. Lambert GSTM1 and NAT2 polymorphisms in operable and non-operable lung cancer patients Carcinogenesis 21 2000 49 54
17. J.D. Hayes, and L.I. McLellan Glutathione and glutathione-dependent enzymes represent a co-ordinately regulated defence against oxidative stress Free Radic. Res 31 1999 273 300
18. I. Romieu, J.J. Sienra-Monge, M. Ramirez-Aguilar, H. Moreno-Macias, N.I. Reyes-Ruiz, B. Estela del Rio-Navarro, M. Hernandez-Avila, and S.J. London Genetic polymorphism of GSTM1 and antioxidant supplementation influence lung function in relation to ozone exposure in asthmatic children in Mexico City Thorax 59 2004 8 10
19. J. Tujague, M. Bastaki, N. Holland, J.R. Balmes, and I.B. Tager Antioxidant intake, GSTM1 polymorphism and pulmonary function in healthy young adults Eur. Respir. J. 27 2006 282 288
20. J. Guo, L. Zimniak, P. Zimniak, J.L. Orchard, and S.V. Singh Cloning and expression of a novel Mu class murine glutathione transferase isoenzyme Biochem. J. 366 2002 817 824
21. A.E. Mitchell, D. Morin, J. Lakritz, and A.D. Jones Quantitative profiling of tissue- and gender-related expression of glutathione S-transferase isoenzymes in the mouse Biochem. J. 325 1997 207 216
22. W.R. Pearson, W.R. Vorachek, S.J. Xu, R. Berger, I. Hart, D. Vannais, and D. Patterson Identification of class-mu glutathione transferase genes GSTM1-GSTM5 on human chromosome 1p13 Am. J. Hum. Genet. 53 1993 220 233
23. S. Xu, Y. Wang, B. Roe, and W.R. Pearson Characterization of the human class Mu glutathione S-transferase gene cluster and the GSTM1 deletion J. Biol. Chem. 273 1998 3517 3527
24. Y. Takahashi, E.A. Campbell, Y. Hirata, T. Takayama, and I. Listowsky A basis for differentiating among the multiple human Mu-glutathione S-transferases and molecular cloning of brain GSTM5 J. Biol. Chem. 268 1993 8893 8898
25. P.G. Board Biochemical genetics of glutathione-S-transferase in man Am. J. Hum. Genet. 33 1981 36 43
26. P.G. Board Gene deletion and partial deficiency of the glutathione S-transferase (ligandin) system in man FEBS Lett 135 1981 12 14
27. T. Suzuki, M. Coggan, D.C. Shaw, and P.G. Board Electrophoretic and immunological analysis of human glutathione S-transferase isozymes Ann. Hum. Genet. 51 1987 95 106
28. J. Seidegard, W.R. Vorachek, R.W. Pero, and W.R. Pearson Hereditary differences in the expression of the human glutathione transferase active on trans-stilbene oxide are due to a gene deletion Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85 1988 7293 7297
29. F.F. Parl Glutathione S-transferase genotypes and cancer risk Cancer Lett. 221 2005 123 129
30. M. Widersten, W.R. Pearson, A. Engstrom, and B. Mannervik Heterologous expression of the allelic variant mu-class glutathione transferases mu and psi Biochem. J. 276 1991 519 524
31. J.L. DeJong, T. Mohandas, and C.P. Tu The human Hb (mu) class glutathione S-transferases are encoded by a dispersed gene family Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 180 1991 15 22
32. D.A. Evans, J. Seidegard, and N. Narayanan The GSTM1 genetic polymorphism in healthy Saudi Arabians and Filipinos, and Saudi Arabians with coronary atherosclerosis Pharmacogenetics 6 1996 365 367
33. R. Sprenger, R. Schlagenhaufer, R. Kerb, C. Bruhn, J. Brockmoller, I. Roots, and U. Brinkmann Characterization of the glutathione S-transferase GSTT1 deletion: discrimination of all genotypes by polymerase chain reaction indicates a trimodular genotype-phenotype correlation Pharmacogenetics 10 2000 557 565
34. C. Carlsten, G.S. Sagoo, A.J. Frodsham, W. Burke, and J.P. Higgins Glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) polymorphisms and lung cancer: a literature-based systematic HuGE review and meta-analysis Am. J. Epidemiol. 167 2008 759 774
35. S.A. Geisler, and A.F. Olshan GSTM1, GSTT1, and the risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: a mini-HuGE review Am. J. Epidemiol. 154 2001 95 105
36. W.R. Vorachek, W.R. Pearson, and G.S. Rule Cloning, expression, and characterization of a class-mu glutathione transferase from human muscle, the product of the GST4 locus Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88 1991 4443 4447
37. J.D. Hayes, and R.C. Strange Glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms and their biological consequences Pharmacology 61 2000 154 166
38. J.D. Rowe, E. Nieves, and I. Listowsky Subunit diversity and tissue distribution of human glutathione S-transferases: interpretations based on electrospray ionization-MS and peptide sequence-specific antisera Biochem. J. 325 1997 481 486
39. J.D. Hayes, and D.J. Pulford The glutathione S-transferase supergene family: regulation of GST and the contribution of the isoenzymes to cancer chemoprotection and drug resistance Crit. Rev. Biochem. Mol. Biol 30 1995 445 600
40. E. Laborde Glutathione transferases as mediators of signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation and cell death Cell Death Differ 17 2010 1373 1380
41. H.W. Lo, and F. Ali-Osman Genetic polymorphism and function of glutathione S-transferases in tumor drug resistance Curr. Opin. Pharmacol. 7 2007 367 374
42. A. Sau, F. Pellizzari Tregno, F. Valentino, G. Federici, and A.M. Caccuri Glutathione transferases and development of new principles to overcome drug resistance Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 500 2010 116 122
43. S.G. Cho, Y.H. Lee, H.S. Park, K. Ryoo, K.W. Kang, J. Park, S.J. Eom, M.J. Kim, T.S. Chang, S.Y. Choi, J. Shim, Y. Kim, M.S. Dong, M.J. Lee, S.G. Kim, H. Ichijo, and E.J. Choi Glutathione S-transferase mu modulates the stress-activated signals by suppressing apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 J. Biol. Chem. 276 2001 12749 12755
44. D. Gilot, P. Loyer, A. Corlu, D. Glaise, D. Lagadic-Gossmann, A. Atfi, F. Morel, H. Ichijo, and C. Guguen-Guillouzo Liver protection from apoptosis requires both blockage of initiator caspase activities and inhibition of ASK1/JNK pathway via glutathione S-transferase regulation J. Biol. Chem. 277 2002 49220 49229
45. C. Ekhart, S. Rodenhuis, P.H. Smits, J.H. Beijnen, and A.D. Huitema An overview of the relations between polymorphisms in drug metabolising enzymes and drug transporters and survival after cancer drug treatment Cancer Treat. Rev. 35 2009 18 31
46. C. Guthenberg, M. Warholm, A. Rane, and B. Mannervik Two distinct forms of glutathione transferase from human foetal liver: purification and comparison with isoenzymes isolated from adult liver and placenta Biochem. J. 235 1986 741 745
47. R.C. Strange, B.A. Davis, C.G. Faulder, W. Cotton, A.D. Bain, D.A. Hopkinson, and R. Hume The human glutathione S-transferases: developmental aspects of the GST1, GST2, and GST3 loci Biochem. Genet. 23 1985 1011 1028
48. R.C. Strange, C.G. Faulder, B.A. Davis, R. Hume, J.A. Brown, W. Cotton, and D.A. Hopkinson The human glutathione S-transferases: studies on the tissue distribution and genetic variation of the GST1, GST2 and GST3 isozymes Ann. Hum. Genet. 48 1984 11 20
49. M.T. Raijmakers, E.A. Steegers, and W.H. Peters Glutathione S-transferases and thiol concentrations in embryonic and early fetal tissues Hum. Reprod. 16 2001 2445 2450
50. S. Anttila, A. Hirvonen, H. Vainio, K. Husgafvel-Pursiainen, J.D. Hayes, and B. Ketterer Immunohistochemical localization of glutathione S-transferases in human lung Cancer Res. 53 1993 5643 5648
51. K. Mace, E.D. Bowman, P. Vautravers, P.G. Shields, C.C. Harris, and A.M. Pfeifer Characterisation of xenobiotic-metabolising enzyme expression in human bronchial mucosa and peripheral lung tissues Eur. J. Cancer 34 1998 914 920
52. A.M. Cantlay, C.A. Smith, W.A. Wallace, P.L. Yap, D. Lamb, and D.J. Harrison Heterogeneous expression and polymorphic genotype of glutathione S-transferases in human lung Thorax 49 1994 1010 1014
53. W.R. Pearson, J.J. Windle, J.F. Morrow, A.M. Benson, and P. Talalay Increased synthesis of glutathione S-transferases in response to anticarcinogenic antioxidants: cloning and measurement of messenger RNA J. Biol. Chem. 258 1983 2052 2062
54. S.G. Kim, and S.J. Lee PI3K, RSK, and mTOR signal networks for the GST gene regulation Toxicol. Sci. 96 2007 206 213
55. T.H. Rushmore, M.R. Morton, and C.B. Pickett The antioxidant responsive element: activation by oxidative stress and identification of the DNA consensus sequence required for functional activity J. Biol. Chem. 266 1991 11632 11639
56. J.D. Hayes, S.A. Chanas, C.J. Henderson, M. McMahon, C. Sun, G.J. Moffat, C.R. Wolf, and M. Yamamoto The Nrf2 transcription factor contributes both to the basal expression of glutathione S-transferases in mouse liver and to their induction by the chemopreventive synthetic antioxidants, butylated hydroxyanisole and ethoxyquin Biochem. Soc. Trans. 28 2000 33 41
57. A. Enomoto, K. Itoh, E. Nagayoshi, J. Haruta, T. Kimura, T. O'Connor, T. Harada, and M. Yamamoto High sensitivity of Nrf2 knockout mice to acetaminophen hepatotoxicity associated with decreased expression of ARE-regulated drug metabolizing enzymes and antioxidant genes Toxicol. Sci. 59 2001 169 177
58. T. Ishii, K. Itoh, and M. Yamamoto Roles of Nrf2 in activation of antioxidant enzyme genes via antioxidant responsive elements Methods Enzymol 348 2002 182 190
59. M.K. Kwak, K. Itoh, M. Yamamoto, T.R. Sutter, and T.W. Kensler Role of transcription factor Nrf2 in the induction of hepatic phase 2 and antioxidative enzymes in vivo by the cancer chemoprotective agent, 3H-1, 2-dimethiole-3-thione Mol. Med 7 2001 135 145
60. M. McMahon, K. Itoh, M. Yamamoto, S.A. Chanas, C.J. Henderson, L.I. McLellan, C.R. Wolf, C. Cavin, and J.D. Hayes The Cap'n'Collar basic leucine zipper transcription factor Nrf2 (NF-E2 p45-related factor 2) controls both constitutive and inducible expression of intestinal detoxification and glutathione biosynthetic enzymes Cancer Res. 61 2001 3299 3307
61. A. Giudice, C. Arra, and M.C. Turco Review of molecular mechanisms involved in the activation of the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway by chemopreventive agents Methods Mol. Biol 647 2010 37 74
62. I. Rahman Regulation of glutathione in inflammation and chronic lung diseases Mutat. Res. 579 2005 58 80
63. S.R. Kleeberger, and D. Peden Gene-environment interactions in asthma and other respiratory diseases Annu. Rev. Med. 56 2005 383 400
64. S.R. Kleeberger Genetic aspects of pulmonary responses to inhaled pollutants Exp. Toxicol. Pathol. 57 Suppl. 1 2005 147 153
65. I. Romieu, H. Moreno-Macias, and S.J. London Gene by environment interaction and ambient air pollution Proc. Am. Thorac. Soc 7 2010 116 122
66. C. Minelli, I. Wei, G. Sagoo, D. Jarvis, S. Shaheen, and P. Burney Interactive effects of antioxidant genes and air pollution on respiratory function and airway disease: a HuGE review Am. J. Epidemiol. 173 2011 603 620
67. A. Hirvonen Gene-environment interactions in chronic pulmonary diseases Mutat. Res. 667 2009 132 141
68. I.A. Yang, K.M. Fong, P.V. Zimmerman, S.T. Holgate, and J.W. Holloway Genetic susceptibility to the respiratory effects of air pollution Postgrad. Med. J. 85 2009 428 436
69. P.J. Barnes Immunology of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Nat. Rev. Immunol. 8 2008 183 192
70. R.J. McCunney Asthma genes, and air pollution J. Occup. Environ. Med. 47 2005 1285 1291
71. H. Ercan, E. Birben, E.A. Dizdar, O. Keskin, C. Karaaslan, O.U. Soyer, R. Dut, C. Sackesen, T. Besler, and O. Kalayci Oxidative stress and genetic and epidemiologic determinants of oxidant injury in childhood asthma J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 118 2006 1097 1104
72. C. Ober, and S. Hoffjan Asthma genetics 2006: the long and winding road to gene discovery Genes Immun. 7 2006 95 100
73. C. Brasch-Andersen, L. Christiansen, Q. Tan, A. Haagerup, J. Vestbo, and T.A. Kruse Possible gene dosage effect of glutathione-S-transferases on atopic asthma: using real-time PCR for quantification of GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene copy numbers Hum. Mutat. 24 2004 208 214
74. C. Hanene, L. Jihene, A. Jamel, H. Kamel, and H. Agnes Association of GST genes polymorphisms with asthma in Tunisian children Mediators Inflammation 2007 2007 19564
75. M. Saadat, and M. Ansari-Lari Genetic polymorphism of glutathione S-transferase T1, M1 and asthma, a meta-analysis of the literature Pak. J. Biol. Sci. 10 2007 4183 4189
76. M.T. Salam, P.C. Lin, E.L. Avol, W.J. Gauderman, and F.D. Gilliland Microsomal epoxide hydrolase, glutathione S-transferase P1, traffic and childhood asthma Thorax 62 2007 1050 1057
77. B.R. Joubert, D.M. Reif, S.W. Edwards, K.A. Leiner, E.E. Hudgens, P. Egeghy, J.E. Gallagher, and E.C. Hubal Evaluation of genetic susceptibility to childhood allergy and asthma in an African American urban population BMC Med. Genet 12 2011 25
78. L.I. Holla, A. Stejskalova, and A. Vasku Polymorphisms of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes in patients with allergic diseases in the Czech population Allergy 61 2006 265 267
79. A.A. Fryer, A. Bianco, M. Hepple, P.W. Jones, R.C. Strange, and M.A. Spiteri Polymorphism at the glutathione S-transferase GSTP1 locus: a new marker for bronchial hyperresponsiveness and asthma Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 161 2000 1437 1442
80. F.D. Gilliland, E.B. Rappaport, K. Berhane, T. Islam, L. Dubeau, W.J. Gauderman, and R. McConnell Effects of glutathione S-transferase P1, M1, and T1 on acute respiratory illness in school children Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 166 2002 346 351
81. Piacentini, S.; Verrotti, A.; Polimanti, R.; Giannini, C.; Saccucci, P.; Manfellotto, D.; Fuciarelli, M. Functional polymorphisms of GSTA1 and GSTO2 genes associated with asthma in Italian children. Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. (in press); 2011 doi:10.1515/CCLM.2011.744.
82. P. Reddy, R.N. Naidoo, T.G. Robins, G. Mentz, S.J. London, and H. Li Naidoo, R. GSTM1, GSTP1, and NQO1 polymorphisms and susceptibility to atopy and airway hyperresponsiveness among South African schoolchildren Lung 188 2010 409 414
83. C. Minelli, R. Granell, R. Newson, M.J. Rose-Zerilli, M. Torrent, S.M. Ring, J.W. Holloway, S.O. Shaheen, and J.A. Henderson Glutathione-S-transferase genes and asthma phenotypes: a Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) systematic review and meta-analysis including unpublished data Int. J. Epidemiol. 39 2010 539 562
84. D.L. Eaton, and T.K. Bammler Concise review of the glutathione S-transferases and their significance to toxicology Toxicol. Sci. 49 1999 156 164
85. L. Tamer, M. Calikoglu, N.A. Ates, H. Yildirim, B. Ercan, E. Saritas, A. Unlu, and U. Atik Glutathione-S-transferase gene polymorphisms (GSTT1, GSTM1, GSTP1) as increased risk factors for asthma Respirology 9 2004 493 498
86. T. Islam, K. Berhane, R. McConnell, W.J. Gauderman, E. Avol, J.M. Peters, and F.D. Gilliland Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) P1, GSTM1, exercise, ozone and asthma incidence in school children Thorax 64 2009 197 202
87. G.L. David, I. Romieu, J.J. Sienra-Monge, W.J. Collins, M. Ramirez-Aguilar, B.E. del Rio-Navarro, N.I. Reyes-Ruiz, R.W. Morris, J.M. Marzec, and S.J. London Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) reduced:quinone oxidoreductase and glutathione S-transferase M1 polymorphisms and childhood asthma Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 168 2003 1199 1204
88. W.D. Carroll, W. Lenney, P.W. Jones, R.C. Strange, F. Child, M.K. Whyte, R.A. Primhak, and A.A. Fryer Effects of glutathione S-transferase M1, T1 and P1 on lung function in asthmatic families Clin. Exp. Allergy 35 2005 1155 1161
89. Y.L. Lee, T.R. Hsiue, Y.C. Lee, Y.C. Lin, and Y.L. Guo The association between glutathione S-transferase P1, M1 polymorphisms and asthma in Taiwanese schoolchildren Chest 128 2005 1156 1162
90. F. Kamada, Y. Mashimo, H. Inoue, C. Shao, T. Hirota, S. Doi, M. Kameda, H. Fujiwara, K. Fujita, T. Enomoto, S. Sasaki, H. Endo, R. Takayanagi, C. Nakazawa, T. Morikawa, M. Morikawa, S. Miyabayashi, Y. Chiba, G. Tamura, T. Shirakawa, Y. Matsubara, A. Hata, M. Tamari, and Y. Suzuki The GSTP1 gene is a susceptibility gene for childhood asthma and the GSTM1 gene is a modifier of the GSTP1 gene Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. 144 2007 275 286
91. Y.F. Li, P.J. Tseng, C.C. Lin, C.L. Hung, S.C. Lin, W.C. Su, Y.L. Huang, F.C. Sung, and C.K. Tai NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1, glutathione S-transferase M1, environmental tobacco smoke exposure, and childhood asthma Mutat. Res. 678 2009 53 58
92. T. Islam, C. Breton, M.T. Salam, R. McConnell, M. Wenten, W.J. Gauderman, D. Conti, D. Van Den Berg, J.M. Peters, and F.D. Gilliland Role of inducible nitric oxide synthase in asthma risk and lung function growth during adolescence Thorax 65 2010 139 145
93. P. Piirila, H. Wikman, R. Luukkonen, K. Kaaria, C. Rosenberg, H. Nordman, H. Norppa, H. Vainio, and A. Hirvonen Glutathione S-transferase genotypes and allergic responses to diisocyanate exposure Pharmacogenetics 11 2001 437 445
94. H. Wikman, P. Piirila, C. Rosenberg, R. Luukkonen, K. Kaaria, H. Nordman, H. Norppa, H. Vainio, and A. Hirvonen N-acetyltransferase genotypes as modifiers of diisocyanate exposure-associated asthma risk Pharmacogenetics 12 2002 227 233
95. M. Littorin, S. Hou, K. Broberg, J. Bjork, S. Falt, G. Abdoulaye, M. Kalemba, C. Ryk, and S. Skerfving Influence of polymorphic metabolic enzymes on biotransformation and effects of diphenylmethane diisocyanate Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 81 2008 429 441
96. D.B. Peden Air pollution in asthma: effect of pollutants on airway inflammation Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. 87 2001 12 17
97. D.B. Peden Effect of air pollution in asthma and respiratory allergy Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg 114 1996 242 247
98. S.J. London Gene-air pollution interactions in asthma Proc. Am. Thorac. Soc. 4 2007 217 220
99. D. Diaz-Sanchez, A. Tsien, J. Fleming, and A. Saxon Combined diesel exhaust particulate and ragweed allergen challenge markedly enhances human in vivo nasal ragweed-specific IgE and skews cytokine production to a T helper cell 2-type pattern J. Immunol 158 1997 2406 2413
100. F.D. Gilliland, Y.F. Li, A. Saxon, and D. Diaz-Sanchez Effect of glutathione-S-transferase M1 and P1 genotypes on xenobiotic enhancement of allergic responses: randomised, placebo-controlled crossover study Lancet 363 2004 119 125
101. D.B. Peden, R.W. Setzer Jr, and R.B. Devlin Ozone exposure has both a priming effect on allergen-induced responses and an intrinsic inflammatory action in the nasal airways of perennially allergic asthmatics Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med 151 1995 1336 1345
102. 3 and endotoxin-induced human allergic airway disease Immunol. Rev 242 2011 91 105
103. I. Romieu, M. Ramirez-Aguilar, J.J. Sienra-Monge, H. Moreno-Macias, B.E. del Rio-Navarro, G. David, J. Marzec, M. Hernandez-Avila, and S. London GSTM1 and GSTP1 and respiratory health in asthmatic children exposed to ozone Eur. Respir. J. 28 2006 953 959
104. F.D. Gilliland, Y.F. Li, L. Dubeau, K. Berhane, E. Avol, R. McConnell, W.J. Gauderman, and J.M. Peters Effects of glutathione S-transferase M1, maternal smoking during pregnancy, and environmental tobacco smoke on asthma and wheezing in children Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 166 2002 457 463
105. C.N. Palmer, A.S. Doney, S.P. Lee, I. Murrie, T. Ismail, D.F. Macgregor, and S. Mukhopadhyay Glutathione S-transferase M1 and P1 genotype, passive smoking, and peak expiratory flow in asthma Pediatrics 118 2006 710 716
106. M. Kabesch, C. Hoefler, D. Carr, W. Leupold, S.K. Weiland, and E. von Mutius Glutathione S transferase deficiency and passive smoking increase childhood asthma Thorax 59 2004 569 573
107. E. Melen, F. Nyberg, C.M. Lindgren, N. Berglind, M. Zucchelli, E. Nordling, J. Hallberg, M. Svartengren, R. Morgenstern, J. Kere, T. Bellander, M. Wickman, and G. Pershagen Interactions between glutathione S-transferase P1, tumor necrosis factor, and traffic-related air pollution for development of childhood allergic disease Environ. Health Perspect. 116 2008 1077 1084
108. I.A. Yang, K.M. Fong, P.V. Zimmerman, S.T. Holgate, and J.W. Holloway Genetic susceptibility to the respiratory effects of air pollution Thorax 63 2008 555 563
109. M.T. Salam, T. Islam, and F.D. Gilliland Recent evidence for adverse effects of residential proximity to traffic sources on asthma Curr. Opin. Pulm. Med. 14 2008 3 8
110. C.V. Breton, H.M. Byun, M. Wenten, F. Pan, A. Yang, and F.D. Gilliland Prenatal tobacco smoke exposure affects global and gene-specific DNA methylation Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 180 2009 462 467
111. E.K. Silverman Progress in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease genetics Proc. Am. Thorac. Soc 3 2006 405 408
112. D.M. Mannino COPD: epidemiology, prevalence, morbidity and mortality, and disease heterogeneity Chest 121 2002 121S 126S
113. P.J. Barnes, S.D. Shapiro, and R.A. Pauwels Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: molecular and cellular mechanisms Eur. Respir. J. 22 2003 672 688
114. H. Nakamura Genetics of COP Allergol. Int. 60 2011 253 258
115. E.K. Silverman, and L.J. Palmer Case-control association studies for the genetics of complex respiratory diseases Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 22 2000 645 648
116. A.J. Sandford, and P.D. Pare Genetic risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Clin. Chest Med. 21 2000 633 643
117. P.J. Castaldi, M.H. Cho, M. Cohn, F. Langerman, S. Moran, N. Tarragona, H. Moukhachen, R. Venugopal, D. Hasimja, E. Kao, B. Wallace, C.P. Hersh, S. Bagade, L. Bertram, E.K. Silverman, and T.A. Trikalinos The COPD genetic association compendium: a comprehensive online database of COPD genetic associations Hum. Mol. Genet. 19 2010 526 534
118. R. Lakhdar, S. Denden, J. Knani, N. Leban, H. Daimi, M. Hassine, G. Lefranc, J.B. Chibani, and A.H. Khelil Combined analysis of EPHX1, GSTP1, GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene polymorphisms in relation to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease risk and lung function impairment Dis. Markers 30 2011 253 263
119. R. Lakhdar, S. Denden, M.H. Mouhamed, A. Chalgoum, N. Leban, J. Knani, G. Lefranc, A. Miled, J. Ben Chibani, and A.H. Khelil Correlation of EPHX1, GSTP1, GSTM1, and GSTT1 genetic polymorphisms with antioxidative stress markers in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Exp. Lung Res. 37 2011 195 204
120. R.K. Shukla, S. Kant, S. Bhattacharya, and B. Mittal Association of genetic polymorphism of GSTT1, GSTM1 and GSTM3 in COPD patients in a north Indian population Copd 8 2011 167 172
121. M. Chan-Yeung, S.P. Ho, A.H. Cheung, L.K. So, P.C. Wong, K.K. Chan, J.W. Chan, M.S. Ip, and J.C. Mak Polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase genes and functional activity in smokers with or without COP Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. 11 2007 508 514
122. H. Xue, J. Su, K. Sun, W. Xie, and H. Wang Glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 gene polymorphism and COPD risk in smokers: an updated analysis Mol. Biol. Rep. 39 2012 5033 5042
123. S.L. Cheng, C.J. Yu, C.J. Chen, and P.C. Yang Genetic polymorphism of epoxide hydrolase and glutathione S-transferase in COP Eur. Respir. J. 23 2004 818 824
124. M. Calikoglu, L. Tamer, N. Ates Aras, S. Karakas, and B. Ercan The association between polymorphic genotypes of glutathione S-transferases and COPD in the Turkish population Biochem. Genet. 44 2006 307 319
125. J. Zidzik, E. Slaba, P. Joppa, Z. Kluchova, Z. Dorkova, P. Skyba, V. Habalova, J. Salagovic, and R. Tkacova Glutathione S-transferase and microsomal epoxide hydrolase gene polymorphisms and risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Slovak population Croat. Med. J. 49 2008 182 191
126. M. Tomaki, H. Sugiura, A. Koarai, Y. Komaki, T. Akita, T. Matsumoto, A. Nakanishi, H. Ogawa, T. Hattori, and M. Ichinose Decreased expression of antioxidant enzymes and increased expression of chemokines in COPD lung Pulm. Pharmacol. Ther. 20 2007 596 605
127. R. Tkacova, J. Salagovic, M. Ceripkova, I. Tkac, J. Stubna, and I. Kalina Glutathione S-transferase M1 gene polymorphism is related to COPD in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer Wien Klin. Wochenschr. 116 2004 131 134
128. E. Bergamaschi, G. De Palma, P. Mozzoni, S. Vanni, M.V. Vettori, F. Broeckaert, A. Bernard, and A. Mutti Polymorphism of quinone-metabolizing enzymes and susceptibility to ozone-induced acute effects Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 163 2001 1426 1431
129. M. Corradi, R. Alinovi, M. Goldoni, M. Vettori, G. Folesani, P. Mozzoni, S. Cavazzini, E. Bergamaschi, L. Rossi, and A. Mutti Biomarkers of oxidative stress after controlled human exposure to ozone Toxicol. Lett. 134 2002 219 225
130. N.E. Alexis, H. Zhou, J.C. Lay, B. Harris, M.L. Hernandez, T.S. Lu, P.A. Bromberg, D. Diaz-Sanchez, R.B. Devlin, S.R. Kleeberger, and D.B. Peden The glutathione-S-transferase Mu 1 null genotype modulates ozone-induced airway inflammation in human subjects J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 124 1222-1228 2009 e1225
131. C.S. Kim, N.E. Alexis, A.G. Rappold, H. Kehrl, M.J. Hazucha, J.C. Lay, M.T. Schmitt, M. Case, R.B. Devlin, D.B. Peden, and D. Diaz-Sanchez Lung function and inflammatory responses in healthy young adults exposed to 0.06 ppm ozone for 6.6 hours Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 183 2011 1215 1221
132. B. Vagaggini, M.L. Bartoli, S. Cianchetti, F. Costa, E. Bacci, F.L. Dente, A. Di Franco, L. Malagrino, and P. Paggiaro Increase in markers of airway inflammation after ozone exposure can be observed also in stable treated asthmatics with minimal functional response to ozone Respir. Res. 11 2010 5
133. M.A. Dillon, B. Harris, M.L. Hernandez, B. Zou, W. Reed, P.A. Bromberg, R.B. Devlin, D. Diaz-Sanchez, S. Kleeberger, H. Zhou, J.C. Lay, N.E. Alexis, and D.B. Peden Enhancement of systemic and sputum granulocyte response to inhaled endotoxin in people with the GSTM1 null genotype Occup. Environ. Med. 68 2011 783 785
134. A. Saxon, and D. Diaz-Sanchez Air pollution and allergy: you are what you breathe Nat. Immunol. 6 2005 223 226
135. F.D. Gilliland, Y.F. Li, H. Gong Jr, and D. Diaz-Sanchez Glutathione S-transferases M1 and P1 prevent aggravation of allergic responses by secondhand smoke Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 174 2006 1335 1341
136. K. Fujimoto, S. Arakawa, Y. Shibaya, H. Miida, Y. Ando, H. Yasumo, A. Hara, M. Uchiyama, H. Iwabuchi, W. Takasaki, S. Manabe, and T. Yamoto Characterization of phenotypes in Gstm1-null mice by cytosolic and in vivo metabolic studies using 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene Drug Metab. Dispos. 34 2006 1495 1501
137. C.L. Yochum, P. Bhattacharya, L. Patti, O. Mirochnitchenko, and G.C. Wagner Animal model of autism using GSTM1 knockout mice and early post-natal sodium valproate treatment Behav. Brain Res. 210 2010 202 210
138. H.Y. Cho, A.E. Jedlicka, S.P. Reddy, T.W. Kensler, M. Yamamoto, L.Y. Zhang, and S.R. Kleeberger Role of NRF2 in protection against hyperoxic lung injury in mice Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 26 2002 175 182
139. Y. Aoki, H. Sato, N. Nishimura, S. Takahashi, K. Itoh, and M. Yamamoto Accelerated DNA adduct formation in the lung of the Nrf2 knockout mouse exposed to diesel exhaust Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 173 2001 154 160
140. W. Wu, V. Doreswamy, D. Diaz-Sanchez, J.M. Samet, M. Kesic, L. Dailey, W. Zhang, I. Jaspers, and D.B. Peden GSTM1 modulation of IL-8 expression in human bronchial epithelial cells exposed to ozone Free Radic. Biol. Med. 51 2011 522 529
141. M.J. Kesic, S.O. Simmons, and R. Bauer Jaspers, I. Nrf2 expression modifies influenza A entry and replication in nasal epithelial cells Free Radic. Biol. Med. 51 2011 444 453
142. I. Rahman, and I.M. Adcock Oxidative stress and redox regulation of lung inflammation in COP Eur. Respir. J. 28 2006 219 242
143. Y.C. Awasthi Toxicology of Glutathione Transferases 2007 CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group London
144. C.C. McIlwain, D.M. Townsend, and K.D. Tew Glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms: cancer incidence and therapy Oncogene 25 2006 1639 1648
145. H. Ichijo, E. Nishida, K. Irie, P. ten Dijke, M. Saitoh, T. Moriguchi, M. Takagi, K. Matsumoto, K. Miyazono, and Y. Gotoh Induction of apoptosis by ASK1, a mammalian MAPKKK that activates SAPK/JNK and p38 signaling pathways Science 275 1997 90 94
146. M. Saitoh, H. Nishitoh, M. Fujii, K. Takeda, K. Tobiume, Y. Sawada, M. Kawabata, K. Miyazono, and H. Ichijo Mammalian thioredoxin is a direct inhibitor of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase (ASK) 1 EMBO J. 17 1998 2596 2606
147. S. Dorion, H. Lambert, and J. Landry Activation of the p38 signaling pathway by heat shock involves the dissociation of glutathione S-transferase Mu from Ask1 J. Biol. Chem 277 2002 30792 30797
148. K. Ryoo, S.H. Huh, Y.H. Lee, K.W. Yoon, S.G. Cho, and E.J. Choi Negative regulation of MEKK1-induced signaling by glutathione S-transferase Mu J. Biol. Chem. 279 2004 43589 43594
149. K. Sundberg, M. Widersten, A. Seidel, B. Mannervik, and B. Jernstrom Glutathione conjugation of bay- and fjord-region diol epoxides of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by glutathione transferases M1-1 and P1-1 Chem. Res. Toxicol 10 1997 1221 1227
150. S. Chung, I.K. Sundar, H. Yao, Y.S. Ho, and I. Rahman Glutaredoxin 1 regulates cigarette smoke-mediated lung inflammation through differential modulation of IκB kinases in mice: impact on histone acetylation Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol 299 2010 L192 203
151. Y. Yang, K.K. Parsons, L. Chi, S.M. Malakauskas, and T.H. Le Glutathione S-transferase-μ1 regulates vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, migration, and oxidative stress Hypertension 54 2009 1360 1368
152. M. Traka, A.V. Gasper, A. Melchini, J.R. Bacon, P.W. Needs, V. Frost, A. Chantry, A.M. Jones, C.A. Ortori, D.A. Barrett, R.Y. Ball, R.D. Mills, and R.F. Mithen Broccoli consumption interacts with GSTM1 to perturb oncogenic signalling pathways in the prostate PLoS One 3 2008 e2568
153. J.W. Fahey, Y. Zhang, and P. Talalay Broccoli sprouts: an exceptionally rich source of inducers of enzymes that protect against chemical carcinogens Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94 1997 10367 10372
154. S.A. Ritz, J. Wan, and D. Diaz-Sanchez Sulforaphane-stimulated phase II enzyme induction inhibits cytokine production by airway epithelial cells stimulated with diesel extract Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol 292 2007 L33 39
155. C.J. Harvey, R.K. Thimmulappa, S. Sethi, X. Kong, L. Yarmus, R.H. Brown, D. Feller-Kopman, R. Wise, and S. Biswal Targeting Nrf2 signaling improves bacterial clearance by alveolar macrophages in patients with COPD and in a mouse model Sci. Transl. Med 3 2011 78ra32 2011
156. J. Wan, and D. Diaz-Sanchez Antioxidant enzyme induction: a new protective approach against the adverse effects of diesel exhaust particles. Inhalation Toxicol 19 Suppl. 1 2007 177 182
157. M.A. Riedl, A. Saxon, and D. Diaz-Sanchez Oral sulforaphane increases phase II antioxidant enzymes in the human upper airway Clin. Immunol. 130 2009 244 251
158. H.J. Forman, and D.A. Dickinson Oxidative signaling and glutathione synthesis Biofactors 17 2003 1 12
159. A. Witschi, S. Reddy, B. Stofer, and B.H. Lauterburg The systemic availability of oral glutathione Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 43 1992 667 669
160. J. Allen, and R.D. Bradley Effects of oral glutathione supplementation on systemic oxidative stress biomarkers in human volunteers J. Altern. Complement. Med. 17 2011 827 833
161. L.R. Cardon, and J.I. Bell Association study designs for complex diseases Nat. Rev. Genet. 2 2001 91 99
162. S.J. London, and I. Romieu Gene by environment interaction in asthma Annu. Rev. Public Health 30 2009 55 80
163. A.R. Bentley, P. Emrani, and P.A. Cassano Genetic variation and gene expression in antioxidant related enzymes and risk of COPD: a systematic review Thorax 63 2008 956 961