Application of dietary phenolic biomarkers in epidemiology: Past, present, and future

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

Volumn 60, Issue 27, 2012, Pages 6648-6657

  Zamora Ros, Raul ^a   Rabassa, Montserrat ^b   Llorach, Rafael ^b   González, Carlos A ^a   Andres Lacueva, Cristina ^b  

^a BELLVITGE BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE IDIBELL   (Spain)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BARCELONA   (Spain)

Author keywords

biomarker; dietary assessment; phenolics

Indexed keywords

ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES; ANTI-INFLAMMATORIES; CHRONIC DISEASE; DIETARY ASSESSMENTS; EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES; HEALTH EFFECTS; HUMAN DISEASE; LARGE GROUPS; METABOLOMICS; NUTRITIONAL EPIDEMIOLOGY; PHENOLICS; PLANT COMPOUNDS;

BIOMARKERS; DISEASES; SURVEYS;

PHENOLS;

BIOLOGICAL MARKER; PHENOL DERIVATIVE;

ANIMAL; ANIMAL FOOD; DIET; EPIDEMIOLOGY; HUMAN; METABOLISM; METABOLOMICS; REVIEW;

ANIMAL FEED; ANIMALS; BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; DIET; EPIDEMIOLOGY; HUMANS; METABOLOMICS; PHENOLS;

EID: 84863957134     PISSN: 00218561     EISSN: 15205118     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/jf204742e     Document Type: Review

References (88)

1. Beecher, G. R. Overview of dietary flavonoids: nomenclature, occurrence and intake J. Nutr. 2003, 133 (10) 3248S-3254S
2. Kampa, M.; Nifli, A. P.; Notas, G.; Castanas, E. Polyphenols and cancer cell growth Rev. Physiol. Biochem. Pharmacol. 2007, 159, 79-113
3. Yao, L. H.; Jiang, Y. M.; Shi, J.; Tomas-Barberan, F. A.; Datta, N.; Singanusong, R.; Chen, S. S. Flavonoids in food and their health benefits Plant Foods Hum. Nutr. 2004, 59 (3) 113-122
4. Arts, I. C.; Hollman, P. C. Polyphenols and disease risk in epidemiologic studies Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2005, 81 (1 Suppl.) 317S-325S
5. Knekt, P.; Kumpulainen, J.; Jarvinen, R.; Rissanen, H.; Heliovaara, M.; Reunanen, A.; Hakulinen, T.; Aromaa, A. Flavonoid intake and risk of chronic diseases Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2002, 76 (3) 560-568
6. Hooper, L.; Kroon, P. A.; Rimm, E. B.; Cohn, J. S.; Harvey, I.; Le Cornu, K. A.; Ryder, J. J.; Hall, W. L.; Cassidy, A. Flavonoids, flavonoid-rich foods, and cardiovascular risk: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2008, 88 (1) 38-50
7. Wang, L.; Lee, I. M.; Zhang, S. M.; Blumberg, J. B.; Buring, J. E.; Sesso, H. D. Dietary intake of selected flavonols, flavones, and flavonoid-rich foods and risk of cancer in middle-aged and older women Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2009, 89 (3) 905-912
8. Kelemen, L. E. Food frequency questionnaires: not irrelevant yet Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 2006, 15 (5) 1054
9. Kristal, A. R.; Peters, U.; Potter, J. D. Is it time to abandon the food frequency questionnaire? Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 2005, 14 (12) 2826-2828
10. Tucker, K. L. Assessment of usual dietary intake in population studies of gene-diet interaction Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis. 2007, 17 (2) 74-81
11. Chan, S. G.; Ho, S. C.; Kreiger, N.; Darlington, G.; Adlaf, E. M.; So, K. F.; Chong, P. Y. Validation of a food frequency questionnaire for assessing dietary soy isoflavone intake among midlife Chinese women in Hong Kong J. Nutr. 2008, 138 (3) 567-573
12. Frankenfeld, C. L.; Patterson, R. E.; Horner, N. K.; Neuhouser, M. L.; Skor, H. E.; Kalhorn, T. F.; Howald, W. N.; Lampe, J. W. Validation of a soy food-frequency questionnaire and evaluation of correlates of plasma isoflavone concentrations in postmenopausal women Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2003, 77 (3) 674-680
13. U.S. Departament of Agriculture. USDA Database for the Flavonoid Content of Selected Foods, release 3.0 ed.; Beltsville, MD, 2011.
14. U.S. Departament of Agriculture. USDA Database for the Proanthocyanidin Content of Selected Foods; Beltsville, MD, 2004.
15. U.S. Departament of Agriculture. USDA Database for the Isoflavone Content of Selected Foods, release 2.0 ed.; Beltsville, MD, 2008.
16. Neveu, V.; Perez-Jimenez, J.; Vos, F.; Crespy, V.; du Chaffaut, L.; Mennen, L.; Knox, C.; Eisner, R.; Cruz, J.; Wishart, D.; Scalbert, A. Phenol-Explorer: an online comprehensive database on polyphenol contents in foods Database (Oxford) 2010, 2010, bap024
17. Perez-Jimenez, J.; Fezeu, L.; Touvier, M.; Arnault, N.; Manach, C.; Hercberg, S.; Galan, P.; Scalbert, A. Dietary intake of 337 polyphenols in French adults Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2011, 93 (6) 1220-1228
18. Potischman, N. Biologic and methodologic issues for nutritional biomarkers J. Nutr. 2003, 133 (Suppl. 3) 875S-880S
19. Jenab, M.; Slimani, N.; Bictash, M.; Ferrari, P.; Bingham, S. A. Biomarkers in nutritional epidemiology: applications, needs and new horizons Hum. Genet. 2009, 125 (5-6) 507-525
20. Kaaks, R. J. Biochemical markers as additional measurements in studies of the accuracy of dietary questionnaire measurements: conceptual issues Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1997, 65 (4 Suppl.) 1232S-1239S
21. Tasevska, N.; Runswick, S. A.; McTaggart, A.; Bingham, S. A. Urinary sucrose and fructose as biomarkers for sugar consumption Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 2005, 14 (5) 1287-1294
22. Spencer, J. P.; bd El Mohsen, M. M.; Minihane, A. M.; Mathers, J. C. Biomarkers of the intake of dietary polyphenols: strengths, limitations and application in nutrition research Br. J. Nutr. 2008, 99 (1) 12-22
23. Perez-Jimenez, J.; Hubert, J.; Hooper, L.; Cassidy, A.; Manach, C.; Williamson, G.; Scalbert, A. Urinary metabolites as biomarkers of polyphenol intake in humans: a systematic review Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2010, 92 (4) 801-809
24. Zamora-Ros, R.; Urpi-Sarda, M.; Lamuela-Raventos, R. M.; Estruch, R.; Martinez-Gonzalez, M. A.; Bullo, M.; Aros, F.; Cherubini, A.; Andres-Lacueva, C. Resveratrol metabolites in urine as a biomarker of wine intake in free-living subjects: The PREDIMED Study Free Radical Biol. Med. 2009, 46 (12) 1562-1566
25. Day, A. J.; Williamson, G. Biomarkers for exposure to dietary flavonoids: a review of the current evidence for identification of quercetin glycosides in plasma Br. J. Nutr. 2001, 86 (Suppl. 1) S105-S110
26. Linseisen, J.; Rohrmann, S. Biomarkers of dietary intake of flavonoids and phenolic acids for studying diet-cancer relationship in humans Eur. J. Nutr. 2008, 47 (Suppl. 2) 60-68
27. Merken, H. M.; Beecher, G. R. Measurement of food flavonoids by high-performance liquid chromatography: a review J. Agric. Food Chem. 2000, 48 (3) 577-599
28. Manach, C.; Donovan, J. L. Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of dietary flavonoids in humans Free Radical Res. 2004, 38 (8) 771-785
29. Manach, C.; Williamson, G.; Morand, C.; Scalbert, A.; Remesy, C. Bioavailability and bioefficacy of polyphenols in humans. I. Review of 97 bioavailability studies Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2005, 81 (1) 230S-242S
30. Hollman, P. C.; van Trijp, J. M.; Buysman, M. N.; van der Gaag, M. S.; Mengelers, M. J.; de Vries, J. H.; Katan, M. B. Relative bioavailability of the antioxidant flavonoid quercetin from various foods in man FEBS Lett. 1997, 418 (1-2) 152-156
31. Lu, L. J.; Grady, J. J.; Marshall, M. V.; Ramanujam, V. M.; Anderson, K. E. Altered time course of urinary daidzein and genistein excretion during chronic soya diet in healthy male subjects Nutr. Cancer 1995, 24 (3) 311-323
32. Rechner, A. R.; Kuhnle, G.; Bremner, P.; Hubbard, G. P.; Moore, K. P.; Rice-Evans, C. A. The metabolic fate of dietary polyphenols in humans Free Radical Biol. Med. 2002, 33 (2) 220-235
33. Marshall, J. R. Methodologic and statistical considerations regarding use of biomarkers of nutritional exposure in epidemiology J. Nutr. 2003, 133 (Suppl. 3) 881S-887S
34. Zamora-Ros, R.; Urpi-Sarda, M.; Lamuela-Raventos, R. M.; Estruch, R.; Vazquez-Agell, M.; Serrano-Martinez, M.; Jaeger, W.; Andres-Lacueva, C. Diagnostic performance of urinary resveratrol metabolites as a biomarker of moderate wine consumption Clin. Chem. 2006, 52 (7) 1373-1380
35. Mennen, L. I.; Sapinho, D.; Ito, H.; Bertrais, S.; Galan, P.; Hercberg, S.; Scalbert, A. Urinary flavonoids and phenolic acids as biomarkers of intake for polyphenol-rich foods Br. J. Nutr. 2006, 96 (1) 191-198
36. Dettmer, K.; Aronov, P. A.; Hammock, B. D. Mass spectrometry-based metabolomics Mass Spectrom. Rev. 2007, 26 (1) 51-78
37. Gibney, M. J.; Walsh, M.; Brennan, L.; Roche, H. M.; German, B.; van Ommen, B. Metabolomics in human nutrition: opportunities and challenges Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2005, 82 (3) 497-503
38. Gu, H.; Chen, H.; Pan, Z.; Jackson, A. U.; Talaty, N.; Xi, B.; Kissinger, C.; Duda, C.; Mann, D.; Raftery, D.; Cooks, R. G. Monitoring diet effects via biofluids and their implications for metabolomics studies Anal. Chem. 2007, 79 (1) 89-97
39. Wishart, D. Metabolomics: applications to food science and nutrition research Trends Food Sci. Technol. 2008, 19 (9) 482-493
40. Manach, C.; Hubert, J.; Llorach, R.; Scalbert, A. The complex links between dietary phytochemicals and human health deciphered by metabolomics Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 2009, 53 (10) 1303-1315
41. Van Dorsten, F. A.; Daykin, C. A.; Mulder, T. P.; Van Duynhoven, J. P. Metabonomics approach to determine metabolic differences between green tea and black tea consumption J. Agric. Food Chem. 2006, 54 (18) 6929-6938
42. Walsh, M. C.; Brennan, L.; Pujos-Guillot, E.; Sebedio, J. L.; Scalbert, A.; Fagan, A.; Higgins, D. G.; Gibney, M. J. Influence of acute phytochemical intake on human urinary metabolomic profiles Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2007, 86 (6) 1687-1693
43. Grun, C. H.; Van Dorsten, F. A.; Jacobs, D. M.; Le, B. M.; van Velzen, E. J.; Bingham, M. O.; Janssen, H. G.; Van Duynhoven, J. P. GC-MS methods for metabolic profiling of microbial fermentation products of dietary polyphenols in human and in vitro intervention studies J Chromatogr., B: Anal. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci. 2008, 871 (2) 212-219
44. Llorach, R.; Urpi-Sarda, M.; Jauregui, O.; Monagas, M.; Andres-Lacueva, C. An LC-MS-based metabolomics approach for exploring urinary metabolome modifications after cocoa consumption J. Proteome Res. 2009, 8 (11) 5060-5068
45. Llorach, R.; Garrido, I.; Monagas, M.; Urpi-Sarda, M.; Tulipani, S.; Bartolome, B.; Andres-Lacueva, C. Metabolomics study of human urinary metabolome modifications after intake of almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb) skin polyphenols J. Proteome Res. 2010, 9 (11) 5859-5867
46. Tulipani, S.; Llorach, R.; Jauregui, O.; Lopez-Uriarte, P.; Garcia-Aloy, M.; Bullo, M.; Salas-Salvado, J.; Andres-Lacueva, C. Metabolomics unveils urinary changes in subjects with metabolic syndrome following 12-week nut consumption J. Proteome Res. 2011, 10 (11) 5047-5058
47. van, D. J.; Vaughan, E. E.; Jacobs, D. M.; Kemperman, R. A.; van Velzen, E. J.; Gross, G.; Roger, L. C.; Possemiers, S.; Smilde, A. K.; Dore, J.; Westerhuis, J. A.; Van de Wiele, T. Metabolic fate of polyphenols in the human superorganism Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2011, 108 (Suppl. 1) 4531-4538
48. Soleas, G. J.; Yan, J.; Goldberg, D. M. Measurement of trans-resveratrol, (+)-catechin, and quercetin in rat and human blood and urine by gas chromatography with mass selective detection Methods Enzymol. 2001, 335, 130-145
49. Walle, T.; Hsieh, F.; DeLegge, M. H.; Oatis, J. E.; Walle, U. K. High absorption but very low bioavailability of oral resveratrol in humans Drug Metab. Dispos. 2004, 32 (12) 1377-1382
50. Urpi-Sarda, M.; Zamora-Ros, R.; Lamuela-Raventos, R. M.; Cherubini, A.; Jauregui, O.; de la Torre, R.; Covas, M.; Estruch, R.; Jaeger, W.; Andres-Lacueva, C. HPLC-tandem mass spectrometric method to characterize resveratrol metabolism in humans Clin. Chem. 2007, 53 (2) 292-299
51. Landberg, R.; Kamal-Eldin, A.; Andersson, A.; Vessby, B.; Aman, P. Alkylresorcinols as biomarkers of whole-grain wheat and rye intake: plasma concentration and intake estimated from dietary records Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2008, 87 (4) 832-838
52. Atkinson, C.; Skor, H. E.; Fitzgibbons, E. D.; Scholes, D.; Chen, C.; Wahala, K.; Schwartz, S. M.; Lampe, J. W. Overnight urinary isoflavone excretion in a population of women living in the United States, and its relationship to isoflavone intake Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 2002, 11 (3) 253-260
53. Lampe, J. W.; Gustafson, D. R.; Hutchins, A. M.; Martini, M. C.; Li, S.; Wahala, K.; Grandits, G. A.; Potter, J. D.; Slavin, J. L. Urinary isoflavonoid and lignan excretion on a Western diet: relation to soy, vegetable, and fruit intake Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 1999, 8 (8) 699-707
54. Lampe, J. W. Isoflavonoid and lignan phytoestrogens as dietary biomarkers J. Nutr. 2003, 133 (Suppl. 3) 956S-964S
55. Medina-Remon, A.; Barrionuevo-Gonzalez, A.; Zamora-Ros, R.; Andres-Lacueva, C.; Estruch, R.; Martinez-Gonzalez, M. A.; Diez-Espino, J.; Lamuela-Raventos, R. M. Rapid Folin-Ciocalteu method using microtiter 96-well plate cartridges for solid phase extraction to assess urinary total phenolic compounds, as a biomarker of total polyphenols intake Anal. Chim. Acta 2009, 634 (1) 54-60
56. Zamora-Ros, R.; Rabassa, M.; Cherubini, A.; Urpí-Sardà, M.; Llorach, R.; Bandinelli, S.; Ferrucci, L.; Andres-Lacueva, C. Comparison of 24-h volume and creatinine-corrected total urinarry polyphenol as a biomarker of total dietary polyphenols in the Invecchiare in Chianti study Anal. Chim. Acta 2011, 704 (1-2) 110-115
57. Heald, C. L.; Bolton-Smith, C.; Ritchie, M. R.; Morton, M. S.; Alexander, F. E. Phyto-oestrogen intake in Scottish men: use of serum to validate a self-administered food-frequency questionnaire in older men Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 2006, 60 (1) 129-135
58. Potischman, N.; Herrero, R.; Brinton, L. A.; Reeves, W. C.; Stacewicz-Sapuntzakis, M.; Jones, C. J.; Brenes, M. M.; Tenorio, F.; de Britton, R. C.; Gaitan, E. A case-control study of nutrient status and invasive cervical cancer. II. Serologic indicators Am. J. Epidemiol. 1991, 134 (11) 1347-1355
59. Kabagambe, E. K.; Baylin, A.; Allan, D. A.; Siles, X.; Spiegelman, D.; Campos, H. Application of the method of triads to evaluate the performance of food frequency questionnaires and biomarkers as indicators of long-term dietary intake Am. J. Epidemiol. 2001, 154 (12) 1126-1135
60. Rosner, B.; Michels, K. B.; Chen, Y. H.; Day, N. E. Measurement error correction for nutritional exposures with correlated measurement error: use of the method of triads in a longitudinal setting Stat. Med. 2008, 27 (18) 3466-3489
61. Freedman, L. S.; Kipnis, V.; Schatzkin, A.; Tasevska, N.; Potischman, N. Can we use biomarkers in combination with self-reports to strengthen the analysis of nutritional epidemiologic studies? Epidemiol. Perspect. Innov. 2010, 7 (1) 2
62. Freedman, L. S.; Tasevska, N.; Kipnis, V.; Schatzkin, A.; Mares, J.; Tinker, L.; Potischman, N. Gains in statistical power from using a dietary biomarker in combination with self-reported intake to strengthen the analysis of a diet-disease association: an example from CAREDS Am. J. Epidemiol. 2010, 172 (7) 836-842
63. Kaaks, R.; Riboli, E. Validation and calibration of dietary intake measurements in the EPIC project: methodological considerations. European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition Int. J. Epidemiol. 1997, 26 (Suppl. 1) S15-S25
64. Kipnis, V.; Midthune, D.; Freedman, L. S.; Bingham, S.; Schatzkin, A.; Subar, A.; Carroll, R. J. Empirical evidence of correlated biases in dietary assessment instruments and its implications Am. J. Epidemiol. 2001, 153 (4) 394-403
65. Marshall, J. R.; Graham, S. Use of dual responses to increase validity of case-control studies J. Chronic Dis. 1984, 37 (2) 125-136
66. Cao, J.; Zhang, Y.; Chen, W.; Zhao, X. The relationship between fasting plasma concentrations of selected flavonoids and their ordinary dietary intake Br. J. Nutr. 2010, 103 (2) 249-255
67. Noroozi, M.; Burns, J.; Crozier, A.; Kelly, I. E.; Lean, M. E. J. Prediction of dietary flavonol consumption from fasting plasma concentration or urinary excretion Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 2000, 54 (2) 143-149
68. Radtke, J.; Linseisen, J.; Wolfram, G. Fasting plasma concentrations of selected flavonoids as markers of their ordinary dietary intake Eur. J. Nutr. 2002, 41 (5) 203-209
69. Manach, C.; Morand, C.; Gil-Izquierdo, A.; Bouteloup-Demange, C.; Remesy, C. Bioavailability in humans of the flavanones hesperidin and narirutin after the ingestion of two doses of orange juice Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 2003, 57 (2) 235-242
70. Wang, J. S.; Luo, H.; Wang, P.; Tang, L.; Yu, J.; Huang, T.; Cox, S.; Gao, W. Validation of green tea polyphenol biomarkers in a phase II human intervention trial Food Chem. Toxicol. 2008, 46 (1) 232-240
71. Wiczkowski, W.; Romaszko, E.; Piskula, M. K. Bioavailability of cyanidin glycosides from natural chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) juice with dietary-relevant dose of anthocyanins in humans J. Agric. Food Chem. 2010, 58 (23) 12130-12136
72. Verkasalo, P. K.; Appleby, P. N.; Allen, N. E.; Davey, G.; Adlercreutz, H.; Key, T. J. Soya intake and plasma concentrations of daidzein and genistein: validity of dietary assessment among eighty British women (Oxford arm of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition) Br. J. Nutr. 2001, 86 (3) 415-421
73. Setchell, K. D.; Brown, N. M.; Desai, P. B.; Zimmer-Nechimias, L.; Wolfe, B.; Jakate, A. S.; Creutzinger, V.; Heubi, J. E. Bioavailability, disposition, and dose-response effects of soy isoflavones when consumed by healthy women at physiologically typical dietary intakes J. Nutr. 2003, 133 (4) 1027-1035
74. Wiseman, H.; Casey, K.; Bowey, E. A.; Duffy, R.; Davies, M.; Rowland, I. R.; Lloyd, A. S.; Murray, A.; Thompson, R.; Clarke, D. B. Influence of 10 wk of soy consumption on plasma concentrations and excretion of isoflavonoids and on gut microflora metabolism in healthy adults Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2004, 80 (3) 692-699
75. Ritchie, M. R.; Morton, M. S.; Deighton, N.; Blake, A.; Cummings, J. H. Plasma and urinary phyto-oestrogens as biomarkers of intake: validation by duplicate diet analysis Br. J. Nutr. 2004, 91 (3) 447-457
76. Stalmach, A.; Edwards, C. A.; Wightman, J. D.; Crozier, A. Identification of (poly)phenolic compounds in concord grape juice and their metabolites in human plasma and urine after juice consumption J. Agric. Food Chem. 2011, 59 (17) 9512-9522
77. Simonetti, P.; Gardana, C.; Pietta, P. Plasma levels of caffeic acid and antioxidant status after red wine intake J. Agric. Food Chem. 2001, 49 (12) 5964-5968
78. Seeram, N. P.; Henning, S. M.; Zhang, Y.; Suchard, M.; Li, Z.; Heber, D. Pomegranate juice ellagitannin metabolites are present in human plasma and some persist in urine for up to 48 h J. Nutr. 2006, 136 (10) 2481-2485
79. Krogholm, K. S.; Haraldsdottir, J.; Knuthsen, P.; Rasmussen, S. E. Urinary total flavonoid excretion but not 4-pyridoxic acid or potassium can be used as a biomarker for the intake of fruits and vegetables J. Nutr. 2004, 134 (2) 445-451
80. Nielsen, S. E.; Freese, R.; Kleemola, P.; Mutanen, M. Flavonoids in human urine as biomarkers for intake of fruits and vegetables Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 2002, 11 (5) 459-466
81. Hodgson, J. M.; Chan, S. Y.; Puddey, I. B.; Devine, A.; Wattanapenpaiboon, N.; Wahlqvist, M. L.; Lukito, W.; Burke, V.; Ward, N. C.; Prince, R. L.; Croft, K. D. Phenolic acid metabolites as biomarkers for tea- and coffee-derived polyphenol exposure in human subjects Br. J. Nutr. 2004, 91 (2) 301-306
82. Miro-Casas, E.; Covas, M. I.; Farre, M.; Fito, M.; Ortuno, J.; Weinbrenner, T.; Roset, P.; de la Torre, R. Hydroxytyrosol disposition in humans Clin. Chem. 2003, 49 (6 Part 1) 945-952
83. Weinbrenner, T.; Fito, M.; Farre, A. M.; Saez, G. T.; Rijken, P.; Tormos, C.; Coolen, S.; De La Torre, R.; Covas, M. I. Bioavailability of phenolic compounds from olive oil and oxidative/antioxidant status at postprandial state in healthy humans Drugs Exp. Clin. Res. 2004, 30 (5-6) 207-212
84. Adlercreutz, H.; Honjo, H.; Higashi, A.; Fotsis, T.; Hamalainen, E.; Hasegawa, T.; Okada, H. Urinary-excretion of lignans and isoflavonoid phytoestrogens in Japanese men and women consuming a traditional Japanese diet Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1991, 54 (6) 1093-1100
85. Chen, Z.; Zheng, W.; Custer, L. J.; Dai, Q.; Shu, X. O.; Jin, F.; Franke, A. A. Usual dietary consumption of soy foods and its correlation with the excretion rate of isoflavonoids in overnight urine samples among Chinese women in Shanghai Nutr. Cancer 1999, 33 (1) 82-87
86. Maskarinec, G.; Singh, S.; Meng, L.; Franke, A. A. Dietary soy intake and urinary isoflavone excretion among women from a multiethnic population Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 1998, 7 (7) 613-619
87. Landberg, R.; Aman, P.; Friberg, L. E.; Vessby, B.; Adlercreutz, H.; Kamal-Eldin, A. Dose response of whole-grain biomarkers: alkylresorcinols in human plasma and their metabolites in urine in relation to intake Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2009, 89 (1) 290-296
88. Aubertin-Leheudre, M.; Koskela, A.; Marjamaa, A.; Adlercreutz, H. Plasma alkylresorcinols and urinary alkylresorcinol metabolites as biomarkers of cereal fiber intake in Finnish women Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 2008, 17 (9) 2244-2248