Biomarkers in nutritional epidemiology: Applications, needs and new horizons

Human Genetics

Volumn 125, Issue 5-6, 2009, Pages 507-525

  Jenab, Mazda ^a   Slimani, Nadia ^a   Bictash, Magda ^b   Ferrari, Pietro ^c   Bingham, Sheila A ^d  

^a INTERNATIONAL AGENCY FOR RESEARCH ON CANCER   (France)

^b IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^c EUROPEAN FOOD SAFETY AUTHORITY   (Italy)

^d UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ASCORBIC ACID; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; CAROTENOID; FATTY ACID; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; LIPID; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; TRIACYLGLYCEROL;

AGE; ASCORBIC ACID METABOLISM; CANCER RISK; CHRONIC DISEASE; COLORECTAL CANCER; DIETARY FIBER; DIETARY INTAKE; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; FRUIT; GENE INTERACTION; GENETIC ASSOCIATION; GENETIC POLYMORPHISM; GENETIC VARIABILITY; HEALTH STATUS; HUMAN; LIFESTYLE; LIPID BLOOD LEVEL; MEAT; METABOLISM; NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SMOKING; SUGAR INTAKE; VEGETABLE; VITAMIN BLOOD LEVEL;

BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; DIET; HUMANS; METABOLOME; METABOLOMICS; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; NUTRITIONAL PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA; RISK ASSESSMENT;

EID: 67349146751     PISSN: 03406717     EISSN: 14321203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00439-009-0662-5     Document Type: Review

References (183)

1. Albanes D, Virtamo J, Taylor PR, Rautalahti M, Pietinen P, Heinonen OP (1997) Effects of supplemental beta-carotene, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption on serum carotenoids in the alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene cancer prevention study. Am J Clin Nutr 66:366-372
2. Al-Delaimy WK, Natarajan L, Sun X, Rock CL, Pierce JJ (2008) Reliability of plasma carotenoid biomarkers and its relation to study power. Epidemiology 19:338-344
3. Barua AB, Kostic D, Olson JA (1993) New simplified procedures for the extraction and simultaneous high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of retinol, tocopherols and carotenoids in human serum. J Chromatogr 617:257-264
4. Bates CJ (1994) Plasma vitamin C assays: A European experience. EC FLAIR concerted action no. 10: Micronutrient measurement, absorption and status. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 64:283-287
5. Baylin A, Ruiz-Narvaez E, Kraft P, Campos H (2007) Alpha-linolenic acid, delta 6-desaturase gene polymorphism, and the risk of nonfatal myocardial infarction. Am J Clin Nutr 85:554-560
6. Bentler PM, Weeks DG (1980) Linear structural equations with latent variables. Psychometrika 45:289-308
7. Benzie IF (1999) Vitamin C: Prospective functional markers for defining optimal nutritional status. Proc Nutr Soc 58:469-476
8. Benzie IF, Strain JJ (1997) Acute post-ingestion changes in plasma ascorbic acid concentration: Relationship to the dose and to existing body stores. Nutr Res 17:187-190
9. Bingham S (1987) The dietary assessment of individuals: Methods, accuracy, new techniques and recommendations. Nutr Abstr Rev 57:705-742
10. Bingham SA (2002) Biomarkers in nutritional epidemiology. Public Health Nutr 5:821-827
11. Bingham SA (2003) Urine nitrogen as a biomarker for the validation of dietary protein intake. J Nutr 133(Suppl 3):921S-924S
12. Bingham SA, Cassidy A, Cole TJ, Welch A, Runswick SA, Black AE, Thurnham D, Bates C, Khaw KT, Key TJ (1995) Validation of weighed records and other methods of dietary assessment using the 24 h urine nitrogen technique and other biological markers. Br J Nutr 73:531-550
13. Bingham SA, Hughes R, Cross AJ (2002) Effect of white versus red meat on endogenous N-nitrosation in the human colon and further evidence of a dose response. J Nutr 132:3522S-3525S
14. Bingham S, Luben R, Welch A, Tasevska N, Wareham N, Khaw KT (2007) Epidemiologic assessment of sugars consumption using biomarkers: comparisons of obese and nonobese individuals in the European prospective investigation of cancer Norfolk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 16:1651-1654
15. Bingham S, Luben R, Welch A, Low YL, Khaw KT, Wareham N, Day N (2008) Associations between dietary methods and biomarkers, and between fruits and vegetables and risk of ischaemic heart disease, in the EPIC Norfolk Cohort Study. Int J Epidemiol 37:978-987
16. Boeing H, Bohlscheid-Thomas S, Voss S, Schneeweiss S, Wahrendorf J (1997) The relative validity of vitamin intakes derived from a food frequency questionnaire compared to 24-hour recalls and biological measurements: Results from the EPIC pilot study in Germany. European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Int J Epidemiol 26(Suppl 1):S82-S90
17. Bollen KA (1989) A new incremental fit index for general structural equation models. Sociol Methods Res 17:303-316
18. Brubacher D, Moser U, Jordan P (2000) Vitamin C concentrations in plasma as a function of intake: A meta-analysis. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 70:226-237
19. Burnett JR, Hooper AJ (2008) Common and rare gene variants affecting plasma LDL cholesterol. Clin Biochem Rev 29:11-26
20. Castle AL, Fiehn O, Kaddurah-Daouk R, Lindon JC (2006) Metabolomics Standards Workshop and the development of international standards for reporting metabolomics experimental results. Brief Bioinform 7:159-165
21. Chao A, Thun MJ, Connell CJ, McCullough ML, Jacobs EJ, Flanders WD, Rodriguez C, Sinha R, Calle EE (2005) Meat consumption and risk of colorectal cancer. JAMA 293:172-182
22. Ching SY, Prins AW, Beilby JP (2002) Stability of ascorbic acid in serum and plasma prior to analysis. Ann Clin Biochem 39:518-520
23. Chiplonkar SA, Agte VV, Mengale SS, Tarwadi KV (2002) Are lifestyle factors good predictors of retinol and vitamin C deficiency in apparently healthy adults? Eur J Clin Nutr 56:96-104
24. Chung WY, Chung JK, Szeto YT, Tomlinson B, Benzie IF (2001) Plasma ascorbic acid: Measurement, stability and clinical utility revisited. Clin Biochem 34:623-627
25. Cooney RV, Franke AA, Hankin JH, Custer LJ, Wilkens LR, Harwood PJ, Le ML (1995) Seasonal variations in plasma micronutrients and antioxidants. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 4:207-215
26. Corella D, Tucker K, Lahoz C, Coltell O, Cupples LA, Wilson PW, Schaefer EJ, Ordovas JM (2001) Alcohol drinking determines the effect of the APOE locus on LDL-cholesterol concentrations in men: The Framingham Offspring Study. Am J Clin Nutr 73:736-745
27. Crews H, Alink G, Andersen R, Braesco V, Holst B, Maiani G, Ovesen L, Scotter M, Solfrizzo M, van den BR, Verhagen H, Williamson G (2001) A critical assessment of some biomarker approaches linked with dietary intake. Br J Nutr 86(Suppl 1):S5-35
28. Cross AJ, Pollock JR, Bingham SA (2003) Haem, not protein or inorganic iron, is responsible for endogenous intestinal N-nitrosation arising from red meat. Cancer Res 63:2358-2360
29. Cross AJ, Leitzmann MF, Gail MH, Hollenbeck AR, Schatzkin A, Sinha R (2007) A prospective study of red and processed meat intake in relation to cancer risk. PLoS Med 4:e325
30. Day N, McKeown N, Wong M, Welch A, Bingham S (2001) Epidemiological assessment of diet: A comparison of a 7-day diary with a food frequency questionnaire using urinary markers of nitrogen, potassium and sodium. Int J Epidemiol 30:309-317
31. Dehghan M, khtar-Danesh N, McMillan CR, Thabane L (2007) Is plasma vitamin C an appropriate biomarker of vitamin C intake? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr J 6:41
32. Dodd KW, Guenther PM, Freedman LS, Subar AF, Kipnis V, Midthune D, Tooze JA, Krebs-Smith SM (2006) Statistical methods for estimating usual intake of nutrients and foods: A review of the theory. J Am Diet Assoc 106:1640-1650
33. Dotson CD, Zhang L, Xu H, Shin YK, Vigues S, Ott SH, Elson AE, Choi HJ, Shaw H, Egan JM, Mitchell BD, Li X, Steinle NI, Munger SD (2008) Bitter taste receptors influence glucose homeostasis. PLoS ONE 3:e3974
34. Dowell SA, Welch JL (2006) Use of electronic self-monitoring for food and fluid intake: A pilot study. Nephrol Nurs J 33:271-277
35. Dumas ME, Barton RH, Toye A, Cloarec O, Blancher C, Rothwell A, Fearnside J, Tatoud R, Blanc V, Lindon JC, Mitchell SC, Holmes E, McCarthy MI, Scott J, Gauguier D, Nicholson JK (2006) Metabolic profiling reveals a contribution of gut microbiota to fatty liver phenotype in insulin-resistant mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103:12511-12516
36. Eck P, Erichsen HC, Taylor JG, Yeager M, Hughes AL, Levine M, Chanock S (2004) Comparison of the genomic structure and variation in the two human sodium-dependent vitamin C transporters, SLC23A1 and SLC23A2. Hum Genet 115:285-294
37. Eny KM, Wolever TM, Fontaine-Bisson B, El-Sohemy A (2008) Genetic variant in the glucose transporter type 2 is associated with higher intakes of sugars in two distinct populations. Physiol Genomics 33:355-360
38. Erdman JW Jr (2005) How do nutritional and hormonal status modify the bioavailability, uptake, and distribution of different isomers of lycopene? J Nutr 135:2046S-2047S
39. Fahmi S, Yang C, Esmail S, Hobbs HH, Cohen JC (2008) Functional characterization of genetic variants in NPC1L1 supports the sequencing extremes strategy to identify complex trait genes. Hum Mol Genet 17:2101-2107
40. Fardet A, Llorach R, Martin JF, Besson C, Lyan B, Pujos-Guillot E, Scalbert A (2008) A liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight (LC-QTOF)-based metabolomic approach reveals new metabolic effects of catechin in rats fed high-fat diets. J Proteome Res 7:2388-2398
41. Ferrari P, Carroll RJ, Gustafson P, Riboli E (2008) A Bayesian multilevel model for estimating the diet/disease relationship in a multicenter study with exposures measured with error: The EPIC study. Stat Med 27:6037-6054
42. Fiehn O (2002) Metabolomics-the link between genotypes and phenotypes. Plant Mol Biol 48:155-171
43. Fontaine-Bisson B, Wolever TM, Chiasson JL, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Maheux P, Josse RG, Leiter LA, Rodger NW, Ryan EA, Connelly PW, Corey PN, El-Sohemy A (2007) Genetic polymorphisms of tumor necrosis factor-alpha modify the association between dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and fasting HDL-cholesterol and apo A-I concentrations. Am J Clin Nutr 86:768-774
44. Fontaine-Bisson B, Wolever TM, Connelly PW, Corey PN, El-Sohemy A (2009) NF-kappaB -49Ins/Del ATTG polymorphism modifies the association between dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and HDL-cholesterol in two distinct populations. Atherosclerosis (e-pub ahead of print, PMID: 19070859)
45. Fraser PD, Bramley PM (2004) The biosynthesis and nutritional uses of carotenoids. Prog Lipid Res 43:228-265
46. Fraser GE, Yan R (2007) A multivariate method for measurement error correction using pairs of concentration biomarkers. Ann Epidemiol 17:64-73
47. Fraser GE, Butler TL, Shavlik D (2005) Correlations between estimated and true dietary intakes: Using two instrumental variables. Ann Epidemiol 15:509-518
48. Garcia-Bailo B, Toguri C, Eny KM, El-Sohemy A (2009) Genetic variation in taste and its influence on food selection. OMICS 13:69-80 (PMID: 18687042)
49. Gibney M, Sigman-Grant M, Stanton JL Jr, Keast DR (1995) Consumption of sugars. Am J Clin Nutr 62:178S-193S
50. Gibney MJ, Walsh M, Brennan L, Roche HM, German B, van OB (2005) Metabolomics in human nutrition: Opportunities and challenges. Am J Clin Nutr 82:497-503
51. Gieger C, Geistlinger L, Altmaier E, Hrabe de AM, Kronenberg F, Meitinger T, Mewes HW, Wichmann HE, Weinberger KM, Adamski J, Illig T, Suhre K (2008) Genetics meets metabolomics: A genome-wide association study of metabolite profiles in human serum. PLoS Genet 4:1000282
52. Goni I, Serrano J, Saura-Calixto F (2006) Bioaccessibility of beta-carotene, lutein, and lycopene from fruits and vegetables. J Agric Food Chem 54:5382-5387
53. Gonzalez CA, Jakszyn P, Pera G, Agudo A, Bingham S, Palli D, Ferrari P, Boeing H, Del GG, Plebani M, Carneiro F, Nesi G, Berrino F, Sacerdote C, Tumino R, Panico S, Berglund G, Siman H, Nyren O, Hallmans G, Martinez C, Dorronsoro M, Barricarte A, Navarro C, Quiros JR, Allen N, Key TJ, Day NE, Linseisen J, Nagel G, Bergmann MM, Overvad K, Jensen MK, Tjonneland A, Olsen A, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Ocke M, Peeters PH, Numans ME, Clavel-Chapelon F, Boutron-Ruault MC, Trichopoulou A, Psaltopoulou T, Roukos D, Lund E, Hemon B, Kaaks R, Norat T, Riboli E (2006) Meat intake and risk of stomach and esophageal adenocarcinoma within the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). J Natl Cancer Inst 98:345-354
54. Goodman M, Bostick RM, Ward KC, Terry PD, van Gils CH, Taylor JA, Mandel JS (2006) Lycopene intake and prostate cancer risk: Effect modification by plasma antioxidants and the XRCC1 genotype. Nutr Cancer 55:13-20
55. Gorfine M, Lipshtat N, Freedman LS, Prentice RL (2007) Linear measurement error models with restricted sampling. Biometrics 63:137-142
56. Grace PB, Taylor JI, Low YL, Luben RN, Mulligan AA, Botting NP, Dowsett M, Welch AA, Khaw KT, Wareham NJ, Day NE, Bingham SA (2004) Phytoestrogen concentrations in serum and spot urine as biomarkers for dietary phytoestrogen intake and their relation to breast cancer risk in European prospective investigation of cancer and nutrition-norfolk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 13:698-708
57. Graumlich JF, Ludden TM, Conry-Cantilena C, Cantilena LR Jr, Wang Y, Levine M (1997) Pharmacokinetic model of ascorbic acid in healthy male volunteers during depletion and repletion. Pharm Res 14:1133-1139
58. He C, Tamimi RM, Hankinson SE, Hunter DJ, Han J (2009) A prospective study of genetic polymorphism in MPO, antioxidant status, and breast cancer risk. Breast Cancer Res Treat 113:585-594
59. Hegele RA (1998) A review of intestinal fatty acid binding protein gene variation and the plasma lipoprotein response to dietary components. Clin Biochem 31:609-612
60. Hegsted DM, Ausman LM, Johnson JA, Dallal GE (1993) Dietary fat and serum lipids: An evaluation of the experimental data. Am J Clin Nutr 57:875-883
61. Hodson L, Skeaff CM, Fielding BA (2008) Fatty acid composition of adipose tissue and blood in humans and its use as a biomarker of dietary intake. Prog Lipid Res 47:348-380
62. Holmes E, Loo RL, Stamler J, Bictash M, Yap IK, Chan Q, Ebbels T, De IM, Brown IJ, Veselkov KA, Daviglus ML, Kesteloot H, Ueshima H, Zhao L, Nicholson JK, Elliott P (2008a) Human metabolic phenotype diversity and its association with diet and blood pressure. Nature 453:396-400
63. Holmes E, Wilson ID, Nicholson JK (2008b) Metabolic phenotyping in health and disease. Cell 134:714-717
64. Holst B, Williamson G (2008) Nutrients and phytochemicals: From bioavailability to bioefficacy beyond antioxidants. Curr Opin Biotechnol 19:73-82
65. Hunninghake DB, Miller VT, LaRosa JC, Kinosian B, Jacobson T, Brown V, Howard WJ, Edelman DA, O'Connor RR (1994) Long-term treatment of hypercholesterolemia with dietary fiber. Am J Med 97:504-508
66. Hunter DJ (2006) The influence of genetic polymorphism. J Nutr 136:2711S-2713S
67. IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Cancer Preventive Strategies (1998) Carotenoids. In: Vaino H, Heseltine E (eds) IARC Handbooks of cancer prevention, vol 2. IARC Press, Lyon
68. IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Cancer Preventive Strategies (2003) Fruit and vegetables. In: Vaino H, Bianchini F (eds) IARC handbooks of cancer prevention, vol 8. IARC Press, Lyon
69. INTERSALT Co-operative Research Group (1988) Sodium, potassium, body mass, alcohol and blood pressure: The INTERSALT Study. The INTERSALT Co-operative Research Group. J Hypertens Suppl 6:S584-S586
70. Ioannides C, Stone AN, Breacker PJ, Basu TK (1982) Impairment of absorption of ascorbic acid following ingestion of aspirin in guinea pigs. Biochem Pharmacol 31:4035-4038
71. Jacques PF, Sulsky SI, Sadowski JA, Phillips JC, Rush D, Willett WC (1993) Comparison of micronutrient intake measured by a dietary questionnaire and biochemical indicators of micronutrient status. Am J Clin Nutr 57:182-189
72. Jakszyn P, Bingham S, Pera G, Agudo A, Luben R, Welch A, Boeing H, Del GG, Palli D, Saieva C, Krogh V, Sacerdote C, Tumino R, Panico S, Berglund G, Siman H, Hallmans G, Sanchez MJ, Larranaga N, Barricarte A, Chirlaque MD, Quiros JR, Key TJ, Allen N, Lund E, Carneiro F, Linseisen J, Nagel G, Overvad K, Tjonneland A, Olsen A, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Ocke MO, Peeters PH, Numans ME, Clavel-Chapelon F, Trichopoulou A, Fenger C, Stenling R, Ferrari P, Jenab M, Norat T, Riboli E, Gonzalez CA (2006) Endogenous versus exogenous exposure to N-nitroso compounds and gastric cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-EURGAST) study. Carcinogenesis 27:1497-1501
73. Jenab M, Bingham S, Ferrari P, Friesen MD, Al-Delaimy WK, Luben R, Wareham N, Khaw KT, Riboli E (2005) Long-term cryoconservation and stability of vitamin C in serum samples of the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 14:1837-1840
74. Jenab M, Riboli E, Ferrari P, Friesen M, Sabate J, Norat T, Slimani N, Tjonneland A, Olsen A, Overvad K, Boutron-Ruault MC, Clavel-Chapelon F, Boeing H, Schulz M, Linseisen J, Nagel G, Trichopoulou A, Naska A, Oikonomou E, Berrino F, Panico S, Palli D, Sacerdote C, Tumino R, Peeters PH, Numans ME, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Buchner FL, Lund E, Pera G, Chirlaque MD, Sanchez MJ, Arriola L, Barricarte A, Quiros JR, Johansson I, Johansson A, Berglund G, Bingham S, Khaw KT, Allen N, Key T, Carneiro F, Save V, Del GG, Plebani M, Kaaks R, Gonzalez CA (2006a) Plasma and dietary carotenoid, retinol and tocopherol levels and the risk of gastric adenocarcinomas in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition. Br J Cancer 95:406-415
75. Jenab M, Riboli E, Ferrari P, Sabate J, Slimani N, Norat T, Friesen M, Tjonneland A, Olsen A, Overvad K, Boutron-Ruault MC, Clavel-Chapelon F, Touvier M, Boeing H, Schulz M, Linseisen J, Nagel G, Trichopoulou A, Naska A, Oikonomou E, Krogh V, Panico S, Masala G, Sacerdote C, Tumino R, Peeters PH, Numans ME, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Buchner FL, Lund E, Pera G, Sanchez CN, Sanchez MJ, Arriola L, Barricarte A, Quiros JR, Hallmans G, Stenling R, Berglund G, Bingham S, Khaw KT, Key T, Allen N, Carneiro F, Mahlke U, Del GG, Palli D, Kaaks R, Gonzalez CA (2006b) Plasma and dietary vitamin C levels and risk of gastric cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-EURGAST). Carcinogenesis 27:2250-2257
76. Joosen AM, Kuhnle GG, Runswick SA, Bingham SA (2008) Urinary sucrose and fructose as biomarkers of sugar consumption: Comparison of normal weight and obese volunteers. Int J Obes (Lond) 32:1736-1740
77. Joshi AD, Corral R, Siegmund KD, Haile RW, Le ML, Martinez ME, Ahnen DJ, Sandler RS, Lance P, Stern MC (2009) Red meat and poultry intake, polymorphisms in the nucleotide excision repair and mismatch repair pathways, and colorectal cancer risk. Carcinogenesis 30(3):472-479 (PMID: 19029193)
78. Kaaks R, Ferrari P (2006) Dietary intake assessments in epidemiology: can we know what we are measuring? Ann Epidemiol 16:377-380
79. Kaaks R, Riboli E (2005) Epidemiologic studies of nutrition and cancer: let us not throw out the baby with the bath water. Int J Cancer 116:662-664
80. Kaaks R, Riboli E, Sinha R (1997) Biochemical markers of dietary intake. IARC Sci Publ 10:3-126
81. Kaaks R, Ferrari P, Ciampi A, Plummer M, Riboli E (2002) Uses and limitations of statistical accounting for random error correlations, in the validation of dietary questionnaire assessments. Public Health Nutr 5:969-976
82. Kaput J (2008) Nutrigenomics research for personalized nutrition and medicine. Curr Opin Biotechnol 19:110-120
83. Karlsen A, Blomhoff R, Gundersen TE (2005) High-throughput analysis of vitamin C in human plasma with the use of HPLC with monolithic column and UV-detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 824:132-138
84. Karlsen A, Blomhoff R, Gundersen TE (2007) Stability of whole blood and plasma ascorbic acid. Eur J Clin Nutr 61:1233-1236
85. Key T, Oakes S, Davey G, Moore J, Edmond LM, McLoone UJ, Thurnham DI (1996) Stability of vitamins A, C, and E, carotenoids, lipids, and testosterone in whole blood stored at 4 degrees C for 6 and 24 hours before separation of serum and plasma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 5:811-814
86. Key TJ, Allen NE, Spencer EA, Travis RC (2002) The effect of diet on risk of cancer. Lancet 360:861-868
87. Kikunaga S, Tin T, Ishibashi G, Wang DH, Kira S (2007) The application of a handheld personal digital assistant with camera and mobile phone card (Wellnavi) to the general population in a dietary survey. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 53:109-116
88. Kimura Y, Kono S, Toyomura K, Nagano J, Mizoue T, Moore MA, Mibu R, Tanaka M, Kakeji Y, Maehara Y, Okamura T, Ikejiri K, Futami K, Yasunami Y, Maekawa T, Takenaka K, Ichimiya H, Imaizumi N (2007) Meat, fish and fat intake in relation to subsite-specific risk of colorectal cancer: the Fukuoka Colorectal Cancer Study. Cancer Sci 98:590-597
89. Kipnis V, Subar AF, Midthune D, Freedman LS, Ballard-Barbash R, Troiano RP, Bingham S, Schoeller DA, Schatzkin A, Carroll RJ (2003) Structure of dietary measurement error: Results of the OPEN biomarker study. Am J Epidemiol 158:14-21
90. Kobayashi M, Sasaki S, Kawabata T, Hasegawa K, Akabane M, Tsugane S (2001) Single measurement of serum phospholipid fatty acid as a biomarker of specific fatty acid intake in middle-aged Japanese men. Eur J Clin Nutr 55:643-650
91. Krinsky NI, Johnson EJ (2005) Carotenoid actions and their relation to health and disease. Mol Aspects Med 26:459-516
92. Kuhnle GG, Story GW, Reda T, Mani AR, Moore KP, Lunn JC, Bingham SA (2007) Diet-induced endogenous formation of nitroso compounds in the GI tract. Free Radic Biol Med 43:1040-1047
93. Kury S, Buecher B, Robiou-du-Pont S, Scoul C, Sebille V, Colman H, Le HC, Le NT, Bourdon J, Faroux R, Ollivry J, Lafraise B, Chupin LD, Bezieau S (2007) Combinations of cytochrome P450 gene polymorphisms enhancing the risk for sporadic colorectal cancer related to red meat consumption. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 16:1460-1467
94. Levine M, Wang Y, Rumsey SC (1999) Analysis of ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid in biological samples. Methods Enzymol 299:65-76
95. Lewin MH, Bailey N, Bandaletova T, Bowman R, Cross AJ, Pollock J, Shuker DE, Bingham SA (2006) Red meat enhances the colonic formation of the DNA adduct O6-carboxymethyl guanine: Implications for colorectal cancer risk. Cancer Res 66:1859-1865
96. Li Y, Schellhorn HE (2007) New developments and novel therapeutic perspectives for vitamin C. J Nutr 137:2171-2184
97. Liu RH (2004) Potential synergy of phytochemicals in cancer prevention: mechanism of action. J Nutr 134:3479S-3485S
98. Livingstone MB, Black AE (2003) Markers of the validity of reported energy intake. J Nutr 133(Suppl 3):895S-920S
99. Lykkesfeldt J, Loft S, Poulsen HE (1995) Determination of ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with coulometric detection - are they reliable biomarkers of oxidative stress? Anal Biochem 229:329-335
100. MacDonald L, Thumser AE, Sharp P (2002) Decreased expression of the vitamin C transporter SVCT1 by ascorbic acid in a human intestinal epithelial cell line. Br J Nutr 87:97-100
101. Malekshah AF, Kimiagar M, Saadatian-Elahi M, Pourshams A, Nouraie M, Goglani G, Hoshiarrad A, Sadatsafavi M, Golestan B, Yoonesi A, Rakhshani N, Fahimi S, Nasrollahzadeh D, Salahi R, Ghafarpour A, Semnani S, Steghens JP, Abnet CC, Kamangar F, Dawsey SM, Brennan P, Boffetta P, Malekzadeh R (2006) Validity and reliability of a new food frequency questionnaire compared to 24 h recalls and biochemical measurements: pilot phase of Golestan cohort study of esophageal cancer. Eur J Clin Nutr 60:971-977
102. Mayne ST (2003) Antioxidant nutrients and chronic disease: Use of biomarkers of exposure and oxidative stress status in epidemiologic research. J Nutr 133(Suppl 3):933S-940S
103. Michels KB (2005a) Diet and cancer: Current knowledge, methodologic pitfalls and future directions. Int J Cancer 116:665-666
104. Michels KB (2005b) The role of nutrition in cancer development and prevention. Int J Cancer 114:163-165
105. Minich DM, Bland JS (2008) Dietary management of the metabolic syndrome beyond macronutrients. Nutr Rev 66:429-444
106. Mutch DM, Wahli W, Williamson G (2005) Nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics: the emerging faces of nutrition. FASEB J 19:1602-1616
107. Mutch DM, Klocke B, Morrison P, Murray CA, Henderson CJ, Seifert M, Williamson G (2007) The disruption of hepatic cytochrome p450 reductase alters mouse lipid metabolism. J Proteome Res 6:3976-3984
108. Nagao A (2004) Oxidative conversion of carotenoids to retinoids and other products. J Nutr 134:237S-240S
109. Nelson EW, Lane H, Fabri PJ, Scott B (1978) Demonstration of saturation kinetics in the intestinal absorption of vitamin C in man and the guinea pig. J Clin Pharmacol 18:325-335
110. Nicholson JK, Lindon JC (2008) Systems biology: Metabonomics. Nature 455:1054-1056
111. Nicholson JK, Lindon JC, Holmes E (1999) 'Metabonomics': Understanding the metabolic responses of living systems to pathophysiological stimuli via multivariate statistical analysis of biological NMR spectroscopic data. Xenobiotica 29:1181-1189
112. Nicholson JK, Holmes E, Wilson ID (2005) Gut microorganisms, mammalian metabolism and personalized health care. Nat Rev Microbiol 3:431-438
113. Noguchi Y, Sakai R, Kimura T (2003) Metabolomics and its potential for assessment of adequacy and safety of amino acid intake. J Nutr 133:2097S-2100S
114. Norat T, Bingham S, Ferrari P, Slimani N, Jenab M, Mazuir M, Overvad K, Olsen A, Tjonneland A, Clavel F, Boutron-Ruault MC, Kesse E, Boeing H, Bergmann MM, Nieters A, Linseisen J, Trichopoulou A, Trichopoulos D, Tountas Y, Berrino F, Palli D, Panico S, Tumino R, Vineis P, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Peeters PH, Engeset D, Lund E, Skeie G, Ardanaz E, Gonzalez C, Navarro C, Quiros JR, Sanchez MJ, Berglund G, Mattisson I, Hallmans G, Palmqvist R, Day NE, Khaw KT, Key TJ, San JM, Hemon B, Saracci R, Kaaks R, Riboli E (2005) Meat, fish, and colorectal cancer risk: The European Prospective Investigation into cancer and nutrition. J Natl Cancer Inst 97:906-916
115. Norat T, Bowman R, Luben R, Welch A, Khaw KT, Wareham N, Bingham S (2008) Blood pressure and interactions between the angiotensin polymorphism AGT M235T and sodium intake: A cross-sectional population study. Am J Clin Nutr 88:392-397
116. Nowell SA, Ahn J, Ambrosone CB (2004) Gene-nutrient interactions in cancer etiology. Nutr Rev 62:427-438
117. O'Keefe SJ (2008) Nutrition and colonic health: The critical role of the microbiota. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 24:51-58
118. Ordovas JM (2002) Gene-diet interaction and plasma lipid responses to dietary intervention. Biochem Soc Trans 30:68-73
119. Ordovas JM (2007) Gender, a significant factor in the cross talk between genes, environment, and health. Gend Med 4(Suppl B):S111-S122
120. Ordovas JM, Mooser V (2004) Nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics. Curr Opin Lipidol 15:101-108
121. Ordovas JM, Corella D, Cupples LA, Demissie S, Kelleher A, Coltell O, Wilson PW, Schaefer EJ, Tucker K (2002a) Polyunsaturated fatty acids modulate the effects of the APOA1 G-A polymorphism on HDL-cholesterol concentrations in a sex-specific manner: The Framingham Study. Am J Clin Nutr 75:38-46
122. Ordovas JM, Corella D, Demissie S, Cupples LA, Couture P, Coltell O, Wilson PW, Schaefer EJ, Tucker KL (2002b) Dietary fat intake determines the effect of a common polymorphism in the hepatic lipase gene promoter on high-density lipoprotein metabolism: Evidence of a strong dose effect in this gene-nutrient interaction in the Framingham Study. Circulation 106:2315-2321
123. Panlasigui LN, Baello OQ, Dimatangal JM, Dumelod BD (2003) Blood cholesterol and lipid-lowering effects of carrageenan on human volunteers. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 12:209-214
124. Poppitt SD, Kilmartin P, Butler P, Keogh GF (2005) Assessment of erythrocyte phospholipid fatty acid composition as a biomarker for dietary MUFA, PUFA or saturated fatty acid intake in a controlled cross-over intervention trial. Lipids Health Dis 4:30
125. Potischman N (2003) Biologic and methodologic issues for nutritional biomarkers. J Nutr 133(Suppl 3):875S-880S
126. Potischman N, Freudenheim JL (2003) Biomarkers of nutritional exposure and nutritional status: An overview. J Nutr 133(Suppl 3):873S-874S
127. Prentice RL, Sugar E, Wang CY, Neuhouser M, Patterson R (2002) Research strategies and the use of nutrient biomarkers in studies of diet and chronic disease. Public Health Nutr 5:977-984
128. Qian GS, Ross RK, Yu MC, Yuan JM, Gao YT, Henderson BE, Wogan GN, Groopman JD (1994) A follow-up study of urinary markers of aflatoxin exposure and liver cancer risk in Shanghai, People's Republic of China. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 3:3-10
129. Rao AV, Rao LG (2007) Carotenoids and human health. Pharmacol Res 55:207-216
130. Reboul E, Richelle M, Perrot E, smoulins-Malezet C, Pirisi V, Borel P (2006) Bioaccessibility of carotenoids and vitamin E from their main dietary sources. J Agric Food Chem 54:8749-8755
131. Reboul E, Thap S, Tourniaire F, Andre M, Juhel C, Morange S, Amiot MJ, Lairon D, Borel P (2007) Differential effect of dietary antioxidant classes (carotenoids, polyphenols, vitamins C and E) on lutein absorption. Br J Nutr 97:440-446
132. Reszka E, Wasowicz W, Gromadzinska J (2006) Genetic polymorphism of xenobiotic metabolising enzymes, diet and cancer susceptibility. Br J Nutr 96:609-619
133. Rezzi S, Ramadan Z, Martin FP, Fay LB, van BP, Lindon JC, Nicholson JK, Kochhar S (2007) Human metabolic phenotypes link directly to specific dietary preferences in healthy individuals. J Proteome Res 6:4469-4477
134. Ribalta J, Vallve JC, Girona J, Masana L (2003) Apolipoprotein and apolipoprotein receptor genes, blood lipids and disease. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 6:177-187
135. Riboli E, Kaaks R (2000) Invited commentary: The challenge of multi-center cohort studies in the search for diet and cancer links. Am J Epidemiol 151:371-374
136. Riboli E, Ronnholm H, Saracci R (1987) Biological markers of diet. Cancer Surv 6:685-718
137. Richardson S, Gilks WR (1993) Conditional independence models for epidemiological studies with covariate measurement error. Stat Med 12:1703-1722
138. Rosner B, Michels KB, Chen YH, Day NE (2008) Measurement error correction for nutritional exposures with correlated measurement error: use of the method of triads in a longitudinal setting. Stat Med 27:3466-3489
139. Saadatian-Elahi M, Slimani N, Chajes V, Jenab M, Goudable J, Biessy C, Ferrari P, Byrnes G, Autier P, Peeters PH, Ocke M, Bueno de MB, Johansson I, Hallmans G, Manjer J, Wirfalt E, Gonzalez CA, Navarro C, Martinez C, Amiano P, Suarez LR, Ardanaz E, Tjonneland A, Halkjaer J, Overvad K, Jakobsen MU, Berrino F, Pala V, Palli D, Tumino R, Vineis P, de Magistris MS, Spencer EA, Crowe FL, Bingham S, Khaw KT, Linseisen J, Rohrmann S, Boeing H, Noethlings U, Olsen KS, Skeie G, Lund E, Trichopoulou A, Oustoglou E, Clavel-Chapelon F, Riboli E (2009) Plasma phospholipid fatty acid profiles and their association with food intakes: Results from a cross-sectional study within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Am J Clin Nutr 89(1):331-346 (PMID: 19056549)
140. Saffhill R, Margison GP, O'Connor PJ (1985) Mechanisms of carcinogenesis induced by alkylating agents. Biochim Biophys Acta 823:111-145
141. Saintot M, Astre C, Scali J, Gerber M (1995) Within-subjects seasonal variation and determinants of inter-individual variations of plasma beta-carotene. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 65:169-174
142. Saracci R (1997) Comparing measurements of biomarkers with other measurements of exposure. IARC Sci Publ 30:3-312
143. Sasaki S, Ushio F, Amano K, Morihara M, Todoriki O, Uehara Y, Toyooka E (2000) Serum biomarker-based validation of a self-administered diet history questionnaire for Japanese subjects. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 46:285-296
144. Schatzkin A, Kipnis V, Carroll RJ, Midthune D, Subar AF, Bingham S, Schoeller DA, Troiano RP, Freedman LS (2003) A comparison of a food frequency questionnaire with a 24-hour recall for use in an epidemiological cohort study: Results from the biomarker-based Observing Protein and Energy Nutrition (OPEN) study. Int J Epidemiol 32:1054-1062
145. Schatzkin A, Abnet CC, Cross AJ, Gunter M, Pfeiffer R, Gail M, Lim U, vey-Smith G (2009) Mendelian randomization: How it can-and cannot-help confirm causal relations between nutrition and cancer. Cancer Prev Res (Phila Pa) 2:104-113
146. Schroder H, Covas MI, Marrugat J, Vila J, Pena A, Alcantara M, Masia R (2001) Use of a three-day estimated food record, a 72-hour recall and a food-frequency questionnaire for dietary assessment in a Mediterranean Spanish population. Clin Nutr 20:429-437
147. Slimani N, Valsta L (2002) Perspectives of using the EPIC-SOFT programme in the context of pan-European nutritional monitoring surveys:
148. Slimani N, Deharveng G, Charrondiere RU, van Kappel AL, Ocke MC, Welch A, Lagiou A, van LM, Agudo A, Pala V, Brandstetter B, Andren C, Stripp C, Van Staveren WA, Riboli E (1999) Structure of the standardized computerized 24-h diet recall interview used as reference method in the 22 centers participating in the EPIC project. European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 58:251-266
149. Slimani N, Kaaks R, Ferrari P, Casagrande C, Clavel-Chapelon F, Lotze G, Kroke A, Trichopoulos D, Trichopoulou A, Lauria C, Bellegotti M, Ocke MC, Peeters PH, Engeset D, Lund E, Agudo A, Larranaga N, Mattisson I, Andren C, Johansson I, Davey G, Welch AA, Overvad K, Tjonneland A, Van Staveren WA, Saracci R, Riboli E (2002) European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) calibration study: rationale, design and population characteristics. Public Health Nutr 5:1125-1145
150. Solanky KS, Bailey NJ, Beckwith-Hall BM, Davis A, Bingham S, Holmes E, Nicholson JK, Cassidy A (2003) Application of biofluid 1H nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabonomic techniques for the analysis of the biochemical effects of dietary isoflavones on human plasma profile. Anal Biochem 323:197-204
151. Solanky KS, Bailey NJ, Beckwith-Hall BM, Bingham S, Davis A, Holmes E, Nicholson JK, Cassidy A (2005) Biofluid 1H NMR-based metabonomic techniques in nutrition research - metabolic effects of dietary isoflavones in humans. J Nutr Biochem 16:236-244
152. Sonnenberg LM, Quatromoni PA, Gagnon DR, Cupples LA, Franz MM, Ordovas JM, Wilson PW, Schaefer EJ, Millen BE (1996) Diet and plasma lipids in women. II. Macronutrients and plasma triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, and the ratio of total to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in women: The Framingham nutrition studies. J Clin Epidemiol 49:665-672
153. Spiegelman D, Zhao B, Kim J (2005) Correlated errors in biased surrogates: Study designs and methods for measurement error correction. Stat Med 24:1657-1682
154. Stamler J, Elliott P, Appel L, Chan Q, Buzzard M, Dennis B, Dyer AR, Elmer P, Greenland P, Jones D, Kesteloot H, Kuller L, Labarthe D, Liu K, Moag-Stahlberg A, Nichaman M, Okayama A, Okuda N, Robertson C, Rodriguez B, Stevens M, Ueshima H, Horn LV, Zhou B (2003) Higher blood pressure in middle-aged American adults with less education-role of multiple dietary factors: The INTERMAP study. J Hum Hypertens 17:655-775
155. Stella C, Beckwith-Hall B, Cloarec O, Holmes E, Lindon JC, Powell J, van der OF, Bingham S, Cross AJ, Nicholson JK (2006) Susceptibility of human metabolic phenotypes to dietary modulation. J Proteome Res 5:2780-2788
156. Stram DO, Hankin JH, Wilkens LR, Pike MC, Monroe KR, Park S, Henderson BE, Nomura AM, Earle ME, Nagamine FS, Kolonel LN (2000) Calibration of the dietary questionnaire for a multiethnic cohort in Hawaii and Los Angeles. Am J Epidemiol 151:358-370
157. Subar AF, Thompson FE, Potischman N, Forsyth BH, Buday R, Richards D, McNutt S, Hull SG, Guenther PM, Schatzkin A, Baranowski T (2007) Formative research of a quick list for an automated self-administered 24-hour dietary recall. J Am Diet Assoc 107:1002-1007
158. Sugar EA, Wang CY, Prentice RL (2007) Logistic regression with exposure biomarkers and flexible measurement error. Biometrics 63:143-151
159. Tai ES, Corella D, Demissie S, Cupples LA, Coltell O, Schaefer EJ, Tucker KL, Ordovas JM (2005) Polyunsaturated fatty acids interact with the PPARA-L162 V polymorphism to affect plasma triglyceride and apolipoprotein C-III concentrations in the Framingham Heart Study. J Nutr 135:397-403
160. Tasevska N, Runswick SA, McTaggart A, Bingham SA (2005) Urinary sucrose and fructose as biomarkers for sugar consumption. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 14:1287-1294
161. Tasevska N, Runswick SA, Welch AA, McTaggart A, Bingham SA (2008) Urinary sugars biomarker relates better to extrinsic than to intrinsic sugars intake in a metabolic study with volunteers consuming their normal diet. Eur J Clin Nutr
162. Terzuoli L, Pagani R, Frosi B, Galli A, Felici C, Barabesi L, Porcelli B (2004) Stability of serum and plasma ascorbic acid. J Lab Clin Med 143:67
163. Thompson FE, Moler JE, Freedman LS, Clifford CK, Stables GJ, Willett WC (1997) Register of dietary assessment calibration-validation studies: A status report. Am J Clin Nutr 65:1142S-1147S
164. Tooze JA, Midthune D, Dodd KW, Freedman LS, Krebs-Smith SM, Subar AF, Guenther PM, Carroll RJ, Kipnis V (2006) A new statistical method for estimating the usual intake of episodically consumed foods with application to their distribution. J Am Diet Assoc 106:1575-1587
165. Truswell AS (1995) Dietary fibre and plasma lipids. Eur J Clin Nutr 49(Suppl 3):S105-S109
166. Van Dorsten FA, Daykin CA, Mulder TP, Van Duynhoven JP (2006) Metabonomics approach to determine metabolic differences between green tea and black tea consumption. J Agric Food Chem 54:6929-6938
167. Vang A, Singh PN, Lee JW, Haddad EH, Brinegar CH (2008) Meats, processed meats, obesity, weight gain and occurrence of diabetes among adults: findings from Adventist Health Studies. Ann Nutr Metab 52:96-104
168. Vioque J, Weinbrenner T, Asensio L, Castello A, Young IS, Fletcher A (2007) Plasma concentrations of carotenoids and vitamin C are better correlated with dietary intake in normal weight than overweight and obese elderly subjects. Br J Nutr 97:977-986
169. Walsh MC, Brennan L, Malthouse JP, Roche HM, Gibney MJ (2006) Effect of acute dietary standardization on the urinary, plasma, and salivary metabolomic profiles of healthy humans. Am J Clin Nutr 84:531-539
170. Walsh MC, Brennan L, Pujos-Guillot E, Sebedio JL, Scalbert A, Fagan A, Higgins DG, Gibney MJ (2007) Influence of acute phytochemical intake on human urinary metabolomic profiles. Am J Clin Nutr 86:1687-1693
171. Wang DH, Kogashiwa M, Kira S (2006) Development of a new instrument for evaluating individuals' dietary intakes. J Am Diet Assoc 106:1588-1593
172. Wang Y, Lawler D, Larson B, Ramadan Z, Kochhar S, Holmes E, Nicholson JK (2007) Metabonomic investigations of aging and caloric restriction in a life-long dog study. J Proteome Res 6:1846-1854
173. Watson AD (2006) Thematic review series: Systems biology approaches to metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Lipidomics: A global approach to lipid analysis in biological systems. J Lipid Res 47:2101-2111
174. Weiss EP, Brown MD, Shuldiner AR, Hagberg JM (2002) Fatty acid binding protein-2 gene variants and insulin resistance: Gene and gene-environment interaction effects. Physiol Genomics 10:145-157
175. Wilson JX (2005) Regulation of vitamin C transport. Annu Rev Nutr 25:105-125
176. Wolk A, Furuheim M, Vessby B (2001) Fatty acid composition of adipose tissue and serum lipids are valid biological markers of dairy fat intake in men. J Nutr 131:828-833
177. Wood KC, Fullerton MD, El-Sohemy A, Bakovic M (2008) Interactions between hepatic lipase and apolipoprotein E gene polymorphisms affect serum lipid profiles of healthy Canadian adults. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 33:761-768
178. World Cancer Research Fund and American Institute for Cancer Research (1997) Food, nutrition and the prevention of cancer: A global perspective. World Cancer Research Fund; American Institute for Cancer Research, Washington, DC
179. World Cancer Research Fund (2007) Food, nutrition, physical activity and the prevention of cancer: A global perspective. World Cancer Research Fund; American Institute for Cancer Research, Washington, DC
180. Wu K, Bowman R, Welch AA, Luben RN, Wareham N, Khaw KT, Bingham SA (2007) Apolipoprotein E polymorphisms, dietary fat and fibre, and serum lipids: The EPIC Norfolk study. Eur Heart J 28:2930-2936
181. Zhao HL, Houweling AH, Vanstone CA, Jew S, Trautwein EA, Duchateau GS, Jones PJ (2008) Genetic variation in ABC G5/G8 and NPC1L1 impact cholesterol response to plant sterols in hypercholesterolemic men. Lipids 43:1155-1164
182. Zunft HJ, Luder W, Harde A, Haber B, Graubaum HJ, Koebnick C, Grunwald J (2003) Carob pulp preparation rich in insoluble fibre lowers total and LDL cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic patients. Eur J Nutr 42:235-242
183. Zuppi C, Messana I, Forni F, Rossi C, Pennacchietti L, Ferrari F, Giardina B (1997) 1H NMR spectra of normal urines: Reference ranges of the major metabolites. Clin Chim Acta 265:85-97