'Ribozoomin' - translation initiation from the perspective of the ribosome-bound eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs)

Current Protein and Peptide Science

Volumn 13, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 305-330

  Valášek, Leoš Shivaya ^a  

^a INSTITUTE OF MICROBIOLOGY   (Czech Republic)

Author keywords

AUG; eIF; GCN4; mRNA; Reinitiation; Ribosome; Translation initiation; Translational control

Indexed keywords

ACTIVATING TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 4; INITIATION FACTOR; INITIATION FACTOR 1; INITIATION FACTOR 1A; INITIATION FACTOR 2; INITIATION FACTOR 3; INITIATION FACTOR 4A; INITIATION FACTOR 4E; INITIATION FACTOR 4F; INITIATION FACTOR 4G; INITIATION FACTOR 5; INITIATION FACTOR 6; MESSENGER RNA; RECEPTOR FOR ACTIVATED C KINASE 1; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR GCN4; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

AMINO TERMINAL SEQUENCE; CARBOXY TERMINAL SEQUENCE; COMPLEX FORMATION; CONFORMATIONAL TRANSITION; CRYSTAL STRUCTURE; DISSOCIATION; EUKARYOTE; GENE EXPRESSION; HUMAN; NERVE CELL; NERVE CELL DIFFERENTIATION; NONHUMAN; PROKARYOTIC CELL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN PHOSPHORYLATION; PROTEIN RNA BINDING; PROTEIN SECONDARY STRUCTURE; PROTEIN SYNTHESIS; PROTEIN UNFOLDING; REVIEW; RNA TRANSLATION; SMALL RIBOSOMAL SUBUNIT; START CODON; TRANSLATION INITIATION; TRANSLATION REGULATION;

ANIMALS; EUKARYOTA; EUKARYOTIC INITIATION FACTORS; HUMANS; MODELS, MOLECULAR; PEPTIDE CHAIN INITIATION, TRANSLATIONAL; PROTEIN BINDING; RIBOSOMES;

EUKARYOTA;

EID: 84863624560     PISSN: 13892037     EISSN: 18755550     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/138920312801619385     Document Type: Review

References (222)

1. Sonenberg, N.; Hinnebusch, A.G. Regulation of Translation Initiation in Eukaryotes, Mechanisms and Biological Targets. Cell, 2009, 136, 731-745.
2. Pisarev, A.V.; Hellen, C.U.T. Pestova TV Recycling of Eukaryotic Posttermination Ribosomal Complexes. Cell, 2007, 131, 286-299.
3. Pisarev, A.V.; Skabkin, M.A.; Pisareva, V.P.; Skabkina, O.V.; Rakotondrafara, A.M.; Hentze, M.W.; Hellen, C.U.; Pestova, T.V. The Role of ABCE1 in Eukaryotic Posttermination Ribosomal Recycling. Mol. Cell, 2010, 37, 196-210.
4. Khoshnevis, S.; Gross, T.; Rotte, C.; Baierlein, C.; Ficner, R.; Krebber, H. The iron-sulphur protein RNase L inhibitor functions in translation termination. EMBO. Rep., 2010, 11, 214-219.
5. Gartmann, M.; Blau, M.; Armache, J.P.; Mielke, T.; Topf, M.; Beckmann, R. Mechanism of eIF6-mediated Inhibition of Ribosomal Subunit Joining. J. Biol. Chem., 2010, 285, 14848-14851.
6. Ceci, M.; Gaviraghi, C.; Gorrini, C.; Sala, L.A.; Offenhauser, N.; Marchisio, P.C.; Biffo, S. Release of eIF6 (p27BBP) from the 60S subunit allows 80S ribosome assembly. Nature, 2003, 426, 579-584.
7. Klinge, S.; Voigts-Hoffmann, F.; Leibundgut, M.; Arpagaus, S.; Ban, N.; Crystal Structure of the Eukaryotic 60S Ribosomal Subunit in Complex with Initiation Factor 6. Science, 2011, 334, 941-948.
8. Hinnebusch, A.G.; Dever, T.E.; Asano, K.A.; Mechanism of translation initiation in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In, Sonenberg N, Mathews M, Hershey JWB, editors. Translational Control in biology and medicine. Cold Spring Harbor, NY., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 2007, pp. 225-268.
9. Pestova, T.V.; Lorsch, J.R.; Hellen, C.U.T. The mechanism of translation initiation in eukaryotes. In, Sonenberg N, Mathews M, Hershey JWB, editors. Translational Control in biology and medicine. Cold Spring Harbor, NY., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 2007, pp. 87-128.
10. Jackson, R.J.; Hellen, C.U.T.; Pestova, T.V. The mechanism of eukaryotic translation initiation and principles of its regulation. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell. Biol., 2010, 11, 113-127.
11. Valáek, L.; Nielsen, K.H.; Zhang, F.; Fekete, C.A.; Hinnebusch, A.G. Interactions of Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 3 (eIF3) Subunit NIP1/c with eIF1 and eIF5 Promote Preinitiation Complex Assembly and Regulate Start Codon Selection. Mol. Cell. Biol., 2004, 24, 9437-9455.
12. Valáek, L.; Nielsen, K.H.; Hinnebusch, A.G. Direct eIF2-eIF3 contact in the multifactor complex is important for translation initiation in vivo. EMBO J., 21, 5886-5898.
13. Nielsen, K.H.; Szamecz, B.; Valasek, L.J.A.; Shin, B.S.; Hinnebusch, A.G. Functions of eIF3 downstream of 48S assembly impact AUG recognition and GCN4 translational control. EMBO J., 2004, 23, 1166-1177.
14. Nielsen, K.H.; Valáek, L.; Sykes, C.; Jivotovskaya, A.; Hinnebusch, A.G. Interaction of the RNP1 motif in PRT1 with HCR1 promotes 40S binding of eukaryotic initiation factor 3 in yeast. Mol. Cell. Biol., 2006, 26, 2984-2998.
15. Jivotovskaya, A.; Valáek, L.; Hinnebusch, A.G.; Nielsen, K.H.; Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF3) and eIF2 can promote mRNA binding to 40S subunits independently of eIF4G in yeast. Mol. Cell. Biol., 2006, 26, 1355-1372.
16. Yamamoto, Y.; Singh, C.R.; Marintchev, A.; Hall, N.S.; Hannig, E.M.; Wagner, G.; Asano, K. The eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 5 HEAT domain mediates multifactor assembly and scanning with distinct interfaces to eIF1, eIF2, eIF3, and eIF4G. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 2005, 102, 16164-16169.
17. ElAntak. L.; Wagner, S.; Herrmannová, A.; Karásková, M.; Rutkai, E.; Lukavsky, P.J.; Valásek, L. The indispensable N-terminal half of eIF3j co-operates with its structurally conserved binding partner eIF3b-RRM and eIF1A in stringent AUG selection. J. Mol. Biol., 2010, 396, 1097-1116.
18. Cuchalová. L.; Kouba. T.; Herrmannová, A.; Danyi, I.; Chiu, W.l.; Valásek, L. The RNA Recognition Motif of Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 3g (eIF3g) Is Required for Resumption of Scanning of Posttermination Ribosomes for Reinitiation on GCN4 and Together with eIF3i Stimulates Linear Scanning. Mol. Cell. Biol., 2010, 30, 4671-4686.
19. Chiu, W.L.; Wagner, S.; Herrmannova, A.; Burela, L.; Zhang, F.; Saini, A.K.; Valásek, L.; Hinnebusch, A.G. The C-Terminal Region of Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 3a (eIF3a) Promotes mRNA Recruitment, Scanning, and, Together with eIF3j and the eIF3b RNA Recognition Motif, Selection of AUG Start Codons. Mol. Cell. Biol., 2010, 30, 4415-4434.
20. Mitchell, S.F., Walker, S.E.; Algire, M.A.; Park, E.H. Hinnebusch, A.G.; Lorsch, J.R. The 5'-7-Methylguanosine Cap on Eukaryotic mRNAs Serves Both to Stimulate Canonical Translation Initiation and to Block an Alternative Pathway. Mol. Cell, 2010, 39, 950-962.
21. Dennis, M.D.; Person, M.D.; Browning, K.S.; Phosphorylation of Plant Translation Initiation Factors by CK2 Enhances the in Vitro Interaction of Multifactor Complex Components. J. Biol. Chem., 2009, 284, 20615-20628.
22. Sokabe, M.; Fraser, C.S.; Hershey, J.W.B. The human translation initiation multi-factor complex promotes methionyl-tRNAi binding to the 40S ribosomal subunit. Nucleic Acids Res., 2011, 40, 905-913.
23. Passmore, L.A.; Schmeing, T.M.; Maag, D.; Applefield, D.J.; Acker, M.G.; Algire, M.A.; Lorsch, J.R.; Ramakrishnan, V. The eukaryotic translation initiation factors eIF1 and eIF1A induce an open conformation of the 40S ribosome. Mol. Cell, 2007, 26, 41-50.
24. LeFebvre, A.K.; Korneeva, N.L.; Trutschl, M.; Cvek, U.; Duzan, R.D.; Bradley, C.A.; Hershey, J, W.; Rhoads, R.E. Translation initiation factor eIF4G-1 binds to eIF3 through the eIF3e subunit. J. Biol. Chem., 2006, 281, 22917-22932.
25. Asano, K.; Shalev, A.; Phan, L.; Nielsen, K.; Clayton, J.; et al. Multiple roles for the carboxyl terminal domain of eIF5 in translation initiation complex assembly and GTPase activation. EMBO J., 2001, 20, 2326-2337.
26. Hinton, T.M.; Coldwell, M.J.; Carpenter, G.A.; Morley, S.J.; Pain, V.M. Functional analysis of individual binding activities of the scaffold protein eIF4G. J. Biol. Chem., 2007, 282, 1695-1708.
27. Ramirez-Valle, F.; Braunstein, S.; Zavadil, J.; Formenti, S.C.; Schneider, R.J. eIF4GI links nutrient sensing by mTOR to Cell, proliferation and inhibition of autophagy. J. Cell, Biol., 2008, 181, 293-307.
28. Park, E.H.; Zhang, F.; Warringer, J.; Sunnerhagen, P.; Hinnebusch, A.G. Depletion of eIF4G from yeast Cell, s narrows the range of translational efficiencies genome-wide. BMC Genom., 2011, 12, 68.
29. Clarkson, B.K.; Gilbert, W.V.; Doudna, J.A. Functional overlap between eIF4G isoforms in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PLoS One, 2010, 5, e9114.
30. Kozak, M. How do eucaryotic ribosomes select initiation regions in messenger RNA? Cell, 1978, 15, 1109-1123.
31. Pestova, T.V.; Kolupaeva, V.G. The roles of individual eukaryotic translation initiation factors in ribosomal scanning and initiation codon selection. Genes Dev., 2002, 16, 2906-2922.
32. Hinnebusch, A.G. Molecular Mechanism of Scanning and Start Codon Selection in Eukaryotes. Microbiol. Molecular Biol. Rev., 2011, 75, 434-467.
33. Algire, M.A.; Maag, D.; Lorsch, J.R. Pi release from eIF2.; not GTP hydrolysis.; is the step controlled by start-site selection during eukaryotic translation initiation. Mol. Cell, 2005, 20, 251-262.
34. Maag, D.; Algire, M, A.; Lorsch, J.R. Communication between eukaryotic translation initiation factors 5 and 1A within the ribosomal pre-initiation complex plays a role in start site selection. J. Mol. Biol., 2006, 356, 724-737.
35. Saini, A.K.; Nanda, J.S.; Lorsch, J.R.; Hinnebusch, A.G. Regulatory elements in eIF1A control the fidelity of start codon selection by modulating tRNAiMet binding to the ribosome. Genes Dev., 2010, 24, 97-110.
36. Cheung, Y.N.; Maag, D.; Mitchell, S.F.; Fekete, C.A.; Algire, M.A.; Takacs, J.E.; Shirokikh, N.; Pestova, T.; Lorsch, J.R.; Hinnebusch, A.G. Dissociation of eIF1 from the 40S ribosomal subunit is a key step in start codon selection in vivo. Genes Dev., 2007, 21, 1217-1230.
37. Kozak, M. Point mutations define a sequence flanking the AUG initiator codon that modulates translation by eukaryotic ribosomes. Cell, 1986, 44, 283-292.
38. Herrmannová, A.; Daujotyte, D.; Yang, J-C.; Cuchalová, L.; Gorrec, F.; Wagner, S.; Dányi, I.; Lukavsky, P.J.; Valásek, L.S. Structural analysis of an eIF3 subcomplex reveals conserved interactions required for a stable and proper translation pre-Initiation complex assembly. Nucleic Acids Res., 2012, 40(5), 2294-2311.
39. Pestova, T.V.; Lomakin, I.B.; Lee, J.H.; Choi, S.K.; Dever, T.E.; Hellen, C.U. The joining of ribosomal subunits in eukaryotes requires eIF5B. Nature, 2000, 403, 332-335.
40. Lee, J.H.; Pestova, T.V.; Shin, B.S.; Cao, C.; Choi, S.K.; Dever, T.E. Initiation factor eIF5B catalyzes second GTP-dependent step in eukaryotic translation initiation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 2002, 99, 16689-16694.
41. Szamecz, B.; Rutkai, E.; Cuchalova, L.; Munzarova, V.; Herrmannova, A.; et al. eIF3a cooperates with sequences 5' of uORF1 to promote resumption of scanning by post-termination ribosomes for reinitiation on GCN4 mRNA. Genes Dev., 2008, 22, 2414-2425.
42. Munzarová, V.; Pánek, J.; Guniová, S.; Dányi, I.; Szamecz, B.; Valáek, L.S. Translation Reinitiation Relies on the Interaction between eIF3a/TIF32 and Progressively Folded cis-Acting mRNA Elements Preceding Short uORFs. PLoS Genet., 2011, 7, e1002137.
43. Pöyry, T.A.; Kaminski, A.; Jackson, R.J. What determines whether mammalian ribosomes resume scanning after translation of a short upstream open reading frame? Genes Dev., 2004, 18, 62-75.
44. Fabian, J.R.; Kimball, S.R.; Heinzinger, N.K.; Jefferson, L.S. Subunit assembly and guanine nucleotide exchange activity of eukaryotic initiation factor-2B expressed in Sf9 Cell, s. J. Biol. Chem., 1997, 272, 12359-12365.
45. Pavitt, G.D.; Ramaiah, K.V.A.; Kimball, S.R.; Hinnebusch, A.G. eIF2 independently binds two distinct eIF2B subcomplexes that catalyze and regulate guanine-nucleotide exchange. Genes Dev., 1998, 12, 514-526.
46. Singh, C.R.; Lee, B.; Udagawa, T.; Mohammad-Qureshi, S.S.; Yamamoto, Y.; Pavitt, G. D, Asano, K. An eIF5/eIF2 complex antagonizes guanine nucleotide exchange by eIF2B during translation initiation. EMBO J., 2006, 25, 4537-4546.
47. Jennings, M.D.; Pavitt, G.D. eIF5 has GDI activity necessary for translational control by eIF2 phosphorylation. Nature, 2010, 465, 378-381.
48. Ron, D.; Harding, H.P. eIF2α phosphorylation in Cellular stress and disease. In, Sonenberg N.; Mathews M.; Hershey JWB.; editors. Translational Control in biology and medicine. Cold Spring Harbor.; NY., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. 2007, pp. 345-368.
49. Schmeing, T.M.; Ramakrishnan, V. What recent ribosome structures have revealed about the mechanism of translation. Nature, 2009, 461, 1234-1242.
50. Taylor, D.J.; Devkota, B.; Huang, A.D.; Topf, M.; Narayanan, E.; Sali, A.; Harvey, S.C.; Frank, J. Comprehensive Molecular Structure of the Eukaryotic Ribosome. Structure, 2009, 17, 1591-1604.
51. Spahn, C.M.; Beckmann, R.; Eswar, N.; Penczek, P.A.; Sali, A.; Blobel, G.; Frank, J. Structure of the 80S ribosome from Saccharomyces cerevisiae-tRNA ribosome and subunit-subunit interactions. Cell, 2001, 107, 373-386.
52. Rabl, J.; Leibundgut, M.; Ataide, S.F.; Haag, A.; Ban, N. Crystal Structure of the Eukaryotic 40S Ribosomal Subunit in Complex with Initiation Factor 1. Science, 2011, 331, 730-736.
53. Ben-Shem, A.; Jenner, L.; Yusupova, G.; Yusupov, M. Crystal Structure of the Eukaryotic Ribosome. Science, 2010, 330, 1203-1209.
54. Ben-Shem, A.; Garreau de Loubresse, N.; Melnikov, S.; Jenner, L.; Yusupova, G.; Yusupov, M. The structure of the eukaryotic ribosome at 3.0 A resolution. Science, 2011, 334, 1524-1529.
55. Takyar, S.; Hickerson, R.P.; Noller, H.F. mRNA Helicase Activity of the Ribosome. Cell, 2005, 120, 49-58.
56. Sengupta, J.; Nilsson, J.; Gursky, R.; Spahn, C.M.T.; Nissen P.; Frank, J. Identification of the versatile scaffold protein RACK1 on the eukaryotic ribosome by cryo-EM. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol., 2004, 11, 957-962.
57. Nilsson, J.; Sengupta, J.; Frank, J.; Nissen, P. Regulation of eukaryotic translation by the RACK1 protein, a platform for signalling molecules on the ribosome. EMBO Rep., 2004, 5, 1137-1141.
58. Liliental, J.; Chang, D.D. Rack1.; a Receptor for Activated Protein Kinase C.; Interacts with Integrin Î Subunit. J. Biol. Chem., 1998, 273, 2379-2383.
59. Kouba, T.; Rutkai, E.; Karaskova, M.; Valasek, L.S. The eIF3c/NIP1 PCI domain interacts with RNA and RACK1/ASC1 and promotes assembly of the pre-initiation complexes. Nucleic Acids Res., 2012, 40(6): 2683-2699.
60. Kiss-László, Z.; Henry, Y.; Bachellerie, J-P.; Caizergues-Ferrer, M.; Kiss, T. Site-Specific Ribose Methylation of Preribosomal RNA, A Novel Function for Small Nucleolar RNAs. Cell, 1996, 85, 1077-1088.
61. Li, Z.; Lee, I.; Moradi, E.; Hung, N-J.; Johnson, A.W.; Marcotte, E.M. Rational Extension of the Ribosome Biogenesis Pathway Using Network-Guided Genetics. PLoS Biol, 2009, 7, e1000213.
62. Fletcher, C.M.; Pestova, T.V.; Hellen, C.U.T.; Wagner, G. Structure and interactions of the translation initiation factor eIF1. EMBO J., 1999, 18, 2631-2639.
63. Lomakin, I.B.; Shirokikh, N.E.; Yusupov, M.M.; Hellen, C.U.; Pestova, T.V. The fidelity of translation initiation, reciprocal activities of eIF1.; IF3 and YciH. EMBO J., 2006, 25, 196-210.
64. Lomakin, I.B.; Kolupaeva, V.G.; Marintchev, A.; Wagner, G.; Pestova, T.V. Position of eukaryotic initiation factor eIF1 on the 40S ribosomal subunit determined by directed hydroxyl radical probing. Genes Dev., 2003, 17, 2786-2797.
65. Martin-Marcos, P.; Cheung, Y.N.; Hinnebusch, A.G. Functional Elements in Initiation Factors 1.; 1A.; and 2beta Discriminate against Poor AUG Context and Non-AUG Start Codons. Mol Cell Biol., 2011, 31, 4814-4831.
66. Maag, D.; Fekete, C.A.; Gryczynski, Z.; Lorsch, J.R. A Conformational Change in the Eukaryotic Translation Preinitiation Complex and Release of eIF1 Signal Recognition of the Start Codon. Mol Cell, 2005,17, 265-275.
67. Unbehaun, A.; Borukhov, S.I.; Hellen, C.U.; Pestova, T.V. Release of initiation factors from 48S complexes during ribosomal subunit joining and the link between establishment of codon-anticodon base-pairing and hydrolysis of eIF2-bound GTP. Genes Dev., 2004, 18, 3078-3093.
68. Nanda, J.S.; Cheung, Y-N.; Takacs, J.E.; Martin-Marcos, P.; Saini, A.K.; Hinnebusch, A.G.; Lorsch, J.R. eIF1 Controls Multiple Steps in Start Codon Recognition during Eukaryotic Translation Initiation. J. Mol. Biol., 2009, 394, 268-285.
69. Conte MR.; Kelly G.; Babon J.; Sanfelice D.; Youell J.; Smerdon, S.J.; Proud, C.G. Structure of the Eukaryotic Initiation Factor (eIF) 5 Reveals a Fold Common to Several Translation Factors. Biochemistry, 2006, 45, 4550-4558.
70. Kolitz SE.; Takacs JE.; Lorsch JR. Kinetic and thermodynamic analysis of the role of start codon/anticodon base pairing during eukaryotic translation initiation. RNA, 2009, 15, 138-152.
71. Majumdar R.; Bandyopadhyay A.; Maitra U. Mammalian Translation Initiation Factor eIF1 Functions with eIF1A and eIF3 in the Formation of a Stable 40 S Preinitiation Complex. J. Biol. Chem., 2003, 278, 6580-6587.
72. Ivanov, I.P.; Loughran, G.; Sachs, M.S.; Atkins, J.F. Initiation context modulates autoregulation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 1 (eIF1). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 2010, 107, 18056-18060.
73. Battiste, J.B.; Pestova, T.V.; Hellen, C.U.T.; Wagner, G. The eIF1A solution structure reveals a large RNA-binding surface important for scanning function. Mol. Cell, 2000, 5, 109-119.
74. Carter, A.P.; Clemons, W.M. Jr.; Brodersen, D.E.; Morgan-Warren, R.J.; Hartsch, T.; Wimberly, B.T.; Ramakrishnan, V. Crystal structure of an initiation factor bound to the 30S ribosomal subunit. Science, 2001, 291, 498-501.
75. Yu Y.; Marintchev A.; Kolupaeva, V.G.; Unbehaun, A.; Veryasova, T.; Lai, S.C.; Hong, P.; Wagner, G.; Hellen, C.U., Pestova, T.V. Position of eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF1A on the 40S ribosomal subunit mapped by directed hydroxyl radical probing. Nucleic Acids Res., 2009, 37, 5167-5182.
76. Olsen, D.S.; Savner, E.M.; Mathew, A.; Zhang, F.; Krishnamoorthy, T.; Phan, L.; Hinnebusch, A.G. Domains of eIF1A that mediate binding to eIF2.; eIF3 and eIF5B and promote ternary complex recruitment in vivo. EMBO J., 2003, 22, 193-204.
77. Fekete, C.A.; Applefield, D.J.; Blakely, S.A.; Shirokikh, N.; Pestova, T.; Lorsch, J.R.; Hinnebusch, A.G. The eIF1A C-terminal domain promotes initiation complex assembly.; scanning and AUG selection in vivo. EMBO J., 2005, 24, 3588-3601.
78. Fekete, C.A.; Mitchell, S.F.; Cherkasova, V.A.; Applefield, D.; Algire, M.A.; Maag, D.; Saini, A.K.; Lorsch, J.R.; Hinnebusch, A.G. N-and C-terminal residues of eIF1A have opposing effects on the fidelity of start codon selection. EMBO J., 2007, 26, 1602-1614.
79. Pestova, T.V.; Borukhov, S.I.; Hellen, C.U.T. Eukaryotic ribosomes require initiation factors 1 and 1A to locate initiation codons. Nature, 1998, 394, 854-859.
80. Erickson FL.; Hannig EM. Ligand interactions with eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2, role of the g-subunit. EMBO J., 1996, 15, 6311-6320.
81. Kapp LD.; Lorsch JR. GTP-dependent recognition of the methionine moiety on initiator tRNA by translation factor eIF2. J. Mol. Biol., 2004, 335, 923-936.
82. Krishnamoorthy T.; Pavitt GD.; Zhang F.; Dever TE.; Hinnebusch AG. Tight binding of the phosphorylated a subunit of initiation factor 2 (eIF2a) to the regulatory subunits of guanine nucleotide exchange factor eIF2B is required for inhibition of translation initiation. Mol. Cell Biol., 2001, 21, 5018-5030.
83. Farruggio D.; Chaudhuri J.; Maitra U.; RajBhandary UL. The A1 U72 base pair conserved in eukaryotic initiator tRNAs is important specifically for binding to the eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF2. Mol. Cell Biol., 1996, 16, 4248-4256.
84. von Pawel-Rammingen U.; Lström S.; Byström AS. Mutational analysis of conserved positions potentially important for initiator tRNA function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Cell Biol., 1992, 12, 1432-1442.
85. Dong J.; Nanda JS.; Rahman H.; Pruitt MR.; Shin B-S.; Wong, C.M.; Lorsch, J.R.; Hinnebusch, A.G. Genetic identification of yeast 18S rRNA residues required for efficient recruitment of initiator tRNAMet and AUG selection. Genes & Dev., 2008, 22, 2242-2255.
86. Schmitt, E.; Blanquet, S.; Mechulam, Y. The large subunit of initiation factor aIF2 is a close structural homologue of elongation factors. EMBO J., 2002, 21, 1821-1832.
87. Roll-Mecak, A.; Cao, C.; Dever, TE.; Burley, SK. X-Ray structures of the universal translation initiation factor IF2/eIF5B. Conformational changes on GDP and GTP binding. Cell, 2000, 103, 781-792.
88. Nonato, MC.; Widom, J.; Clardy, J. Crystal structure of the Nterminal segment of human eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2alpha. J. Biol. Chem., 2002, 277, 17057-17061.
89. Stolboushkina, E.; Nikonov, S.; Nikulin, A.; Blasi, U.; Manstein, DJ.; Fedorov, R.; Garber, M.; Nikonov, O. Crystal structure of the intact archaeal translation initiation factor 2 demonstrates very high conformational flexibility in the alpha-and beta-subunits. J. Mol. Biol. 2008, 382, 680-691.
90. Gutierrez, P.; Osborne, MJ.; Siddiqui, N.; Trempe, JF.; Arrowsmith, C.; Gehring, K. Structure of the archaeal translation initiation factor aIF2 beta from Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum, implications for translation initiation. Protein. Sci. 2004,13, 659-667.
91. Dhaliwal, S.; Hoffman, DW. The crystal structure of the Nterminal region of the alpha subunit of translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2alpha) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae provides a view of the loop containing serine 51.; the target of the eIF2alpha-specific kinases. J. Mol. Biol., 2003, 334, 187-195.
92. Cho, S.; Hoffman, DW. Structure of the beta subunit of translation initiation factor 2 from the archaeon Methanococcus jannaschii, a representative of the eIF2beta/eIF5 family of proteins. Biochemistry, 2002, 41, 5730-5742.
93. Ito, T.; Marintchev, A.; Wagner, G. Solution structure of human initiation factor eIF2alpha reveals homology to the elongation factor eEF1B. Structure, 2004, 12, 1693-1704.
94. Yatime, L.; Mechulam, Y.; Blanquet, S.; Schmitt, E. Structural switch of the gamma subunit in an archaeal aIF2 alpha gamma heterodimer. Structure, 2006, 14, 119-128.
95. Yatime, L.; Mechulam, Y.; Blanquet, S.; Schmitt, E. Structure of an archaeal heterotrimeric initiation factor 2 reveals a nucleotide state between the GTP and the GDP states. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 2007, 104, 18445-18450.
96. Roll-Mecak, A.; Alone, P.; Cao, C.; Dever, T.E.; Burley, SK. X-ray structure of translation initiation factor eIF2gamma, implications for tRNA and eIF2alpha binding. J. Biol. Chem., 2004, 279, 10634-10642.
97. Shin, B-S.; Kim, J-R.; Walker, S.E.; Dong, J.; Lorsch, JR.; Dever, T.E. Initiation factor eIF2g promotes eIF2-GTP-Met-tRNAiMet ternary complex binding to the 40S ribosome. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol., 2004, 18, 1227-1234.
98. Alone, P.V.; Dever, T.E. Direct binding of translation initiation factor eIF2gamma-G domain to its GTPase-activating and GDPGTP exchange factors eIF5 and eIF2B epsilon. J. Biol. Chem., 2006, 281, 12636-12644.
99. Alone, PV.; Cao, C.; Dever, TE. Translation initiation factor 2gamma mutant alters start codon selection independent of MettRNA binding. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2008, 28, 6877-6888.
100. Thompson, GM.; Pacheco, E.; Melo, EO.; Castilho, BA. Conserved sequences in the beta subunit of archaeal and eukaryal translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2).; absent from eIF5.; mediate interaction with eIF2gamma. Biochem. J. 2000, 347, 703-709.
101. Das, S.; Maitra, U. Mutational analysis of mammalian translation initiation factor 5 (eIF5), role of interaction between the beta subunit of eIF2 and eIF5 in eIF5 function in vitro and in vivo. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2000, 20, 3942-3950.
102. 2 motif. Molecul. Cell. Biol. 1999, 19, 173-181.
103. Donahue, TF.; Cigan, AM.; Pabich, EK.; Castilho-Valavicius, B. Mutations at a Zn(II) finger motif in the yeast elF-2b gene alter ribosomal start-site selection during the scanning process. Cell. 1988, 54, 621-632.
104. Dever, TE.; Feng, L.; Wek, RC.; Cigan, AM.; Donahue, T.F.; Hinnebusch, A.G. Phosphorylation of initiation factor 2a by protein kinase GCN2 mediates gene-specific translational control of GCN4 in yeast. Cell, 1992, 68, 585-596.
105. Yatime, L.; Schmitt, E.; Blanquet, S.; Mechulam, Y. Functional molecular mapping of archaeal translation initiation factor 2. J. Biol. Chem., 2004, 279, 15984-15993.
106. Yatime, L.; Schmitt, E.; Blanquet, S.; Mechulam, Y. Structurefunction relationships of the intact aIF2alpha subunit from the archaeon Pyrococcus abyssi. Biochemistry. 2005, 44, 8749-8756.
107. Pisarev, AV.; Kolupaeva, VG.; Pisareva, VP.; Merrick, WC.; Hellen, CU.; Pestova, T.V. Specific functional interactions of nucleotides at key-3 and +4 positions flanking the initiation codon with components of the mammalian 48S translation initiation complex. Genes. Dev., 2006, 20, 624-636.
108. Masutani, M.; Sonenberg, N.; Yokoyama, S.; Imataka, H. Reconstitution reveals the functional core of mammalian eIF3. EMBO. J., 2007, 26, 3373-3383.
109. Zhou, M.; Sandercock, A.M.; Fraser, C.S.; Ridlova, G.; Stephens, E.; Schenauer, M.R.; Yokoi-Fong, T.; Barsky, D.; Leary, J.A.; Hershey, J.W.; Doudna, J.A.; Robinson, C.V. Mass spectrometry reveals modularity and a complete subunit interaction map of the eukaryotic translation factor eIF3. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 2008,105, 18139-18144.
110. Sun, C.; Todorovic, A.; Querol-Audi, J.; Bai, Y.; Villa, N.; Snyder, M.; Ashchyan, J.; Lewis, C.S.; Hartland, A.; Gradia, S.; Fraser, C.S.; Doudna, J.A.; Nogales, E.; Cate, J.H. Functional reconstitution of human eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF3). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 2011, 108, 20473-20478.
111. Valáek, L.; Phan, L.; Schoenfeld, L.W.; Valáková, V.; Hinnebusch, A.G. Related eIF3 subunits TIF32 and HCR1 interact with an RNA recoginition motif in PRT1 required for eIF3 integrity and ribosome binding. EMBO J., 2011, 20, 891-904.
112. Asano, K.; Phan, L.; Anderson, J.; Hinnebusch, A.G. Complex formation by all five homologues of mammalian translation initiation factor 3 subunits from yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Biol. Chem., 1998, 273, 18573-18585.
113. Fraser, C.S.; Lee, J.Y.; Mayeur, G.L.; Bushell, M.; Doudna, J.A.; et al. The j-subunit of human translation initiation factor eIF3 is required for the stable binding of eIF3 and its subcomplexes to 40S ribosomal subunits in vitro. J. Biol. Chem., 2004, 279, 8946-8956.
114. ElAntak, L.; Tzakos, A.G.; Locker, N.; Lukavsky, P.J. Structure of eIF3b RNA recognition motif and its interaction with eIF3j, structural insights into the recruitment of eIF3b to the 40 S ribosomal subunit. J. Biol. Chem., 2007, 282, 8165-8174.
115. Marintchev, A.; Wagner, G. Translation initiation, structures.; mechanisms and evolution. Q. Rev. Biophys., 2005, 37, 197-284.
116. Met is an important translation initiation intermediate in vivo. Genes Dev., 2000, 14, 2534-2546.
117. Valáek, L.; Mathew, A.; Shin, B.S.; Nielsen, K.H.; Szamecz, B.; Hinnebusch, A.G. The Yeast eIF3 Subunits TIF32/a and NIP1/c and eIF5 Make Critical Connections with the 40S Ribosome in vivo. Genes Dev., 2003, 17, 786-799.
118. Kouba, T.; Danyi, I.; Guniová, S.; Munzarová, V.; Vlková, V.; Cuchalová, L.; Neueder, A.; Milkereit, P.; Valáek, L.S. Small ribosomal protein RPS0 stimulates translation initiation by mediating 40S-binding of eIF3 via its direct contact with the eIF3a/TIF32 subunit. PLoS ONE, 2012, in press
119. Lumsden, T.; Bentley, A.A.; Beutler, W.; Ghosh, A.; Galkin, O.; Komar, A.A. Yeast strains with N-terminally truncated ribosomal protein S5, implications for the evolution.; structure and function of the Rps5/Rps7 proteins. Nucleic Acids Res., 2010, 38, 1261-1272.
120. Pisarev, A.V.; Kolupaeva, V.G.; Yusupov, M.M.; Hellen, C.U.T.; Pestova, T.V. Ribosomal position and contacts of mRNA in eukaryotic translation initiation complexes. EMBO J., 2008, 27, 1609-1621.
121. Fraser, C.S.; Berry, K.E.; Hershey, J.W.; Doudna, J.A. 3j is located in the decoding center of the human 40S ribosomal subunit. Mol. Cell, 2007, 26, 811-819.
122. Asano, K.; Krishnamoorthy, T.; Phan, L.; Pavitt, G.D.; Hinnebusch, A.G. Conserved bipartite motifs in yeast eIF5 and eIF2Be.; GTPase-activating and GDP-GTP exchange factors in translation initiation.; mediate binding to their common substrate eIF2. EMBO J., 1999, 18, 1673-1688.
123. Siridechadilok, B.; Fraser, C.S.; Hall, R.J.; Doudna, J.A.; Nogales, E. Structural roles for human translation factor eIF3 in initiation of protein synthesis. Science, 2005, 310, 1513-1515.
124. Asano, K.; Kinzy, T.G.; Merrick, W.C.; Hershey, J.W.B. Conservation and diversity of eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF3. J. Biol. Chem., 1997, 272, 1101-1109.
125. Block, K.L.; Vornlocher, H.P.; Hershey, J.W.B. Characterization of cDNAs encoding the p44 and p35 subunits of human translation initiation factor eIF3. J. Biol. Chem., 1998, 273, 31901-31908.
126. Kolupaeva, V.G.; Unbehaun, A.; Lomakin, I.B.; Hellen, C.U.; Pestova, T.V. Binding of eukaryotic initiation factor 3 to ribosomal 40S subunits and its role in ribosomal dissociation and antiassociation. RNA 2005, 11, 470-486.
127. Valáek, L.; Haek, J.; Trachsel, H.; Imre, E.M.; Ruis, H. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae HCRI gene encoding a homologue of the p35 subunit of human translation eukaryotic initiation factor 3 (eIF3) is a high copy suppressor of a temperature-sensitive mutation in the Rpg1p subunit of yeast eIF3. J. Biol. Chem., 1999, 274, 27567-27572.
128. Verlhac, M-H.; Chen, R-H.; Hanachi, P.; Hershey, J.W.B.; Derynck, R. Identification of partners of TIF34.; a component of the yeast eIF3 complex.; required for Cell, proliferation and translation initiation. EMBO J., 1997, 16, 6812-6822.
129. Guo, J.; Hui, D.J.; Merrick, W.C.; Sen, G.C. A new pathway of translational regulation mediated by eukaryotic initiation factor 3. EMBO J., 2000, 19, 6891-6899.
130. Isken, O.; Kim, Y.K.; Hosoda, N.; Mayeur, G.L.; Hershey, J.W.; Maquat, L.E. Upf1 Phosphorylation Triggers Translational Repression during Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay. Cell, 2008, 133, 314-327.
131. Holz, M.K.; Ballif, B.A.; Gygi, S.P.; Blenis, J. mTOR and S6K1 Mediate Assembly of the Translation Preinitiation Complex through Dynamic Protein Interchange and Ordered Phosphorylation Events. Cell, 2005, 123, 569-580.
132. Harris, T.E.; Chi, A.; Shabanowitz, J.; Hunt, D.F.; Rhoads, R.E.; Lawrence, J. C Jr. mTOR-dependent stimulation of the association of eIF4G and eIF3 by insulin. EMBO J., 2006, 25, 1659-1668.
133. Park, H.S.; Himmelbach, A.; Browning, K.S.; Hohn, T.; Ryabova, L.A. A plant viral "reinitiation" factor interacts with the host translational machinery. Cell, 2001,106, 723-733.
134. Pöyry, T.A.; Kaminski, A.; Connell, E.J.; Fraser, C.S.; Jackson, R.J. The mechanism of an exceptional case of reinitiation after translation of a long ORF reveals why such events do not generally occur in mammalian mRNA translation. Genes Dev., 2007, 21, 3149-3162.
135. Hellen, C.U.T. IRES-induced conformational changes in the ribosome and the mechanism of translation initiation by internal ribosomal entry. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Gene Regulat. Mechan., 2009,1789, 558-570.
136. Ryabova, L.A.; Pooggin, M.M.; Hohn, T. Viral strategies of translation initiation, ribosomal shunt and reinitiation. Prog. Nucleic Acid Res. Mol. Biol., 2002, 72, 1-39.
137. Hinnebusch, A.G. Translational regulation of GCN4 and the general amino acid control of yeast. Annu. Rev. Microbiol., 2005, 59, 407-450.
138. Hood, H.M.; Neafsey, D.E.; Galagan, J.; Sachs, M.S. Evolutionary Roles of Upstream Open Reading Frames in Mediating Gene Regulation in Fungi. Ann. Rev. Microbiol., 2009, 63, 385-409.
139. Powell, M.L. Translational termination-reinitiation in RNA viruses. Biochem. Soc. Trans., 2010, 38, 1558-1564.
140. Jackson, R.J.; Hellen, C.U.; Pestova, T.V. Termination and posttermination events in eukaryotic translation. Adv. Protein Chem. Struct. Biol., 2012, 86, 45-93.
141. Kozak, M. Regulation of translation via mRNA structure in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Gene, 2005, 361, 13-37.
142. Rajkowitsch, L.; Vilela, C.; Berthelot, K.; Ramirez, C.V.; McCarthy, J.E. Reinitiation and recycling are distinct processes occurring downstream of translation termination in yeast. J. Mol. Biol., 2004, 335, 71-85.
143. Kozak, M. Constraints on reinitiation of translation in mammals. Nucleic Acids Res., 2001, 29, 5226-5232.
144. Grant, C.M.; Hinnebusch, A.G. Effect of sequence context at stop codons on efficiency of reinitiation in GCN4 translational control. Mol. Cell Biol., 1994, 14, 606-618.
145. Vilela, C.; Linz, B.; Rodrigues-Pousada, C.; McCarthy, J.E. The yeast transcription factor genes YAP1 and YAP2 are subject to differential control at the levels of both translation and mRNA stability. Nucleic Acids Res., 1998, 26, 1150-1159.
146. Vattem, K.M.; Wek, R.C. Reinitiation involving upstream ORFs regulates ATF4 mRNA translation in mammalian Cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 2004,101, 11269-11274.
147. Zhou, D.; Pallam, L.R.; Jiang, L.; Narasimhan, J.; Staschke, K.A.; Wek, R.C. Phosphorylation of eIF2 directs ATF5 translational control in response to diverse stress conditions. J. Biol. Chem., 2008, 283, 7064-7073.
148. Luttermann, C.; Meyers, G. The importance of inter-and intramolecular base pairing for translation reinitiation on a eukaryotic bicistronic mRNA. Genes Dev., 2009, 23, 331-344.
149. Imataka, H.; Gradi, A.; Sonenberg, N. A newly identified Nterminal amino acid sequence of human eIF4G binds poly (A)-binding protein and functions in poly(A)-dependent translation. EMBO J., 1998,17, 7480-7489.
150. Imataka, H.; Olsen, S.; Sonenberg, N. A new translational regulator with homology to eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4G. EMBO J., 1997, 16, 817-825.
151. Imataka, H.; Sonenberg, N. Human eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4G (eIF4G) possesses two separate and independent binding sites for eIF4A. Mol. Cell Biol., 1997, 17, 6940-6947.
152. Korneeva, N.L.; Lamphear, B.J.; Hennigan, F.L.; Merrick, W.C.; Rhoads, R.E. Characterization of the two eIF4A-binding sites on human eIF4G-1. J. Biol. Chem., 2001, 276, 2872-2879.
153. Lamphear, B.J.; Kirchweger, R.; Skern, T.; Rhoads, R.E. Mapping of functional domains in eukaryotic protein synthesis initiation factor 4G (eIF4G) with picornaviral proteases. J. Biol. Chem., 1995, 270, 21975-21983.
154. Morino, S.; Imataka, H.; Svitkin, Y.V.; Pestova, T.V.; Sonenberg, N. Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) binding site and the middle one-third of eIF4GI constitute the core domain for cap-dependent translation.; and the C-terminal one-third functions as a modulatory region. Mol. Cell Biol., 2000, 20, 468-477.
155. Groft, C.M.; Burley, S.K. Recognition of eIF4G by rotavirus NSP3 reveals a basis for mRNA circularization. Mol Cell, 2002, 9, 1273-1283.
156. Gross, J.D.; Moerke, N.J.; von der Haar, T.; Lugovskoy, A.A.; Sachs, A.B.; McCarthy, J.E.; Wagner, G. Ribosome loading onto the mRNA cap is driven by conformational coupling between eIF4G and eIF4E. Cell, 2003, 115, 739-750.
157. Marcotrigiano, J.; Lomakin, I.B.; Sonenberg, N.; Pestova, T.V.; Hellen, C.U.T.; Burley, S.K. A conserved HEAT domain within eIF4G directs assembly of the translation initiation machinery. Mol. Cell, 2001, 7, 193-203.
158. Bellsolell, L.; Cho-Park, P.F.; Poulin, F.; Sonenberg, N.; Burley, S.K. Two structurally atypical HEAT domains in the C-terminal portion of human eIF4G support binding to eIF4A and Mnk1. Structure, 2006, 14, 913-923.
159. Yanagiya, A.; Svitkin, Y.V.; Shibata, S.; Mikami, S.; Imataka, H.; Sonenberg, N. Requirement of RNA binding of mammalian eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4GI (eIF4GI) for efficient interaction of eIF4E with the mRNA cap. Mol. Cell Biol., 2009, 29, 1661-1669.
160. Park, E-H.; Walker, S.E.; Lee, J.M.; Rothenburg, S.; Lorsch, J.R.; Hinnebusch, A.G. Multiple elements in the eIF4G1 N-terminus promote assembly of eIF4G1[bull]PABP mRNPs in vivo. EMBO J., 2010, 30, 302-316.
161. Berset, C.; Zurbriggen, A.; Djafarzadeh, S.; Altmann, M.; Trachsel, H. RNA-binding activity of translation initiation factor eIF4G1 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. RNA, 2003, 9, 871-880.
162. Svitkin, Y.V.; Evdokimova, V.M.; Brasey, A.; Pestova, T.V.; Fantus, D.; Yanagiya, A.; Imataka, H.; Skabkin, M.A.; Ovchinnikov, L.P.; Merrick, W.C.; Sonenberg, N. General RNA-binding proteins have a function in poly(A)-binding protein-dependent translation. EMBO J., 2009, 28, 58-68.
163. Tarun, S.Z.; Wells, S.E.; Deardorff, J.A.; Sachs, A.B. Translation initiation factor eIF4G mediates in vitro poly (A) tail-dependent translation. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA., 1997, 94, 9046-9051.
164. Marcotrigiano, J.; Gingras, A.C.; Sonenberg, N.; Burley, S.K. Cocrystal structure of the messenger RNA 5' cap-binding protein (eIF4E) bound to 7-methyl-GDP. Cell, 1997, 89, 951-961.
165. Matsuo, H.; Li, H.; McGuire, A.M.; Fletcher, C.M.; Gingras, A-C.; Sonenberg, N.; Wagner, G. Structure of translation factor eIF4E bound to m7GDP and interaction with 4E-binding protein. Nat. Struct. Biol., 1997, 4, 717-724.
166. Haghighat, A.; Sonenberg, N. eIF4G dramatically enhances the binding of eIF4E to the mRNA 5'-cap structure. J. Biol. Chem., 1997, 272, 21677-21680.
167. Hershey, P.E.C.; McWhirter, S.M.; Gross, J.; Wagner, G.; Alber, T.; Sachs, A.B. The cap binding protein eIF4E promotes folding of a functional domain of yeast translation initiation factor eIF4G1. J. Biol. Chem., 1999, 274, 21297-21304.
168. von Der Haar, T.; Ball, P.D.; McCarthy, J.E. Stabilization of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding to the mRNA 5'-Cap by domains of eIF4G. J. Biol. Chem., 2000, 275, 30551-30555.
169. Friedland, D.E.; Wooten, W.N.; LaVoy, J.E.; Hagedorn, C.H.; Goss, D.J. A mutant of eukaryotic protein synthesis initiation factor eIF4E(K119A) has an increased binding affinity for both m7G cap analogues and eIF4G peptides. Biochemistry, 2005, 44, 4546-4550.
170. Rhoads, R.E. eIF4E, new family members.; new binding partners.; new roles. J. Biol. Chem., 2009, 284, 16711-16715.
171. Mader, S.; Lee, H.; Pause, A.; Sonenberg, N. The translation initiation factor eIF-4E binds to a common motif shared by the translation factor eIF-4g and the translational repressors 4E-binding proteins. Mol. Cell Biol., 1995, 15, 4990-4997.
172. Gingras, A-C.; Raught, B.; Gygi, S.P.; Niedzwiecka, A.; Miron, M.; Burley, S.K.; Polakiewicz, R.D.; Wyslouch-Cieszynska, A.; Aebersold, R.; Sonenberg, N. Hierarchical phosphorylation of the translation inhibitor 4E-BP1. Genes Dev., 2001, 15, 2852-2864.
173. Gingras, A-C.; Raught, B.; Sonenberg, N. Regulation of translation initiation by FRAP/mTOR. Genes Dev., 2001, 15, 807-826.
174. Caruthers, J.M.; Johnson, E.R.; McKay, D.B. Crystal structure of yeast initiation factor 4A.; a DEAD-box RNA helicase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 2000, 97, 13080-13085.
175. Linder, P.; Jankowsky, E. From unwinding to clamping-the DEAD box RNA helicase family. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol., 2011, 12, 505-516.
176. Liu, F.; Putnam, A.; Jankowsky, E. ATP hydrolysis is required for DEAD-box protein recycling but not for duplex unwinding. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 2008, 105, 20209-20214.
177. Dominguez, D.; Altmann, M.; Benz, J.; Baumann, U.; Trachsel, H. Interaction of translation initiation factor eIF4G with eIF4A in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Biol. Chem., 1999, 274, 26720-26726.
178. Dominguez, D.; Kislig, E.; Altmann, M.; Trachsel, H. Structural and functional similarities between the central eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF)4A-binding domain of mammalian eIF4G and the eIF4A-binding domain of yeast eIF4G. Biochem. J., 2001, 355, 223-230.
179. Neff, C.L.; Sachs, A.B. Eukaryotic translation initiation factors eIF4G and eIF4A from Saccharomyces cerevisiae physically and functionally interact. Mol. Cell. Biol., 1999, 19, 5557-5564.
180. Pause, A.; Methot, N.; Svitkin, Y.; Merrick, W.C.; Sonenberg, N. Dominant negative mutants of mammalian translation initiation factor eIF-4A define a critical role for eIF-4F in cap-dependent and cap-independent initiation of translation. EMBO J., 1994, 13, 1205-1215.
181. Rozen, F.; Edery, I.; Meerovitch, K.; Dever, T.E.; Merrick, W.C.; Sonenberg, N. Bidirectional RNA helicase activity of eucaryotic translation initiation factors 4A and 4F. Mol. Cell Biol., 1990, 10, 1134-1144.
182. Rogers, G.W. Jr.; Richter, N.J.; Lima, W.F.; Merrick, W.C. Modulation of the helicase activity of eIF4A by eIF4B.; eIF4H.; and eIF4F. J. Biol. Chem., 2001, 276, 30914-30922.
183. Richter, N.J.; Rogers, G.W. Jr.; Hensold, J.O.; Merrick, W.C. Further biochemical and kinetic characterization of human eukaryotic initiation factor 4H. J. Biol. Chem., 1999, 274, 35415-35424.
184. Rogers, G.W. Jr.; Richter, N.J.; Merrick, W.C. Biochemical and kinetic characterization of the RNA helicase activity of eukaryotic initiation factor 4A. J. Biol. Chem., 1999, 274, 12236-12244.
185. Oberer, M.; Marintchev, A.; Wagner, G. Structural basis for the enhancement of eIF4A helicase activity by eIF4G. Genes Dev., 2005, 19, 2212-2223.
186. Schutz, P.; Bumann, M.; Oberholzer, A.E.; Bieniossek, C.; Trachsel, H.; Altmann, M.; Baumann, U. Crystal structure of the yeast eIF4A-eIF4G complex, an RNA-helicase controlled by proteinprotein interactions. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 2008, 105, 9564-9569.
187. Feng, P.; Everly, D.N. Jr.; Read, G.S. mRNA decay during herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections, protein-protein interactions involving the HSV virion host shutoff protein and translation factors eIF4H and eIF4A. J. Virol., 2005, 79, 9651-9664.
188. Rozovsky, N.; Butterworth, A.C.; Moore, M.J. Interactions between eIF4AI and its accessory factors eIF4B and eIF4H. RNA, 2008, 14, 2136-2148.
189. Marintchev, A.; Edmonds, K.A.; Marintcheva, B.; Hendrickson, E.; Oberer, M.; Suzuki, C.; Herdy, B.; Sonenberg, N.; Wagner, G. Topology and Regulation of the Human eIF4A/4G/4H Helicase Complex in Translation Initiation. Cell, 2009, 136, 447-460.
190. Nielsen, K.H.; Behrens, M.A.; He, Y.; Oliveira, C.L.; Jensen, L.S.; Hoffmann, S.V.; Pedersen, J.S.; Andersen, G.R. Synergistic activation of eIF4A by eIF4B and eIF4G. Nucleic Acids Res., 39, 2678-2689.
191. Bi, X.; Ren, J.; Goss, D.J. Wheat germ translation initiation factor eIF4B affects eIF4A and eIFiso4F helicase activity by increasing the ATP binding affinity of eIF4A. Biochemistry, 2000, 39, 5758-5765.
192. Niederberger, N.; Trachsel, H.; Altmann, M. The RNA recognition motif of yeast translation initiation factor Tif3/eIF4B is required but not sufficient for RNA strand-exchange and translational activity. RNA, 1998, 4, 1259-1267.
193. Coppolecchia, R.; Buser, P.; Stotz, A.; Linder, P. A new yeast translation initiation factor suppresses a mutation in the eIF-4A RNA helicase. EMBO J., 1993,12, 4005-4011.
194. Altmann, M.; Muller, P.P.; Wittmer, B.; Ruchti, F.; Lanker, S.; Ruchti, F.; Lanker, S.; Trachsel, H. A Saccharomyces cerevisiae homologue of mammalian translation initiation factor 4B contributes to RNA helicase activity. EMBO J., 1993, 12, 3997-4003.
195. Kahvejian, A.; Svitkin, Y.V.; Sukarieh, R.; M'Boutchou, M.N.; Sonenberg, N. Mammalian poly(A)-binding protein is a eukaryotic translation initiation factor.; which acts via multiple mechanisms. Genes Dev., 2005, 19, 104-113.
196. Tarun, S.Z.; Sachs, A.B. Association of the yeast poly(A) tail binding protein with translation initiation factor eIF-4G. EMBO J., 1996, 15, 7168-7177.
197. Gray, N.K.; Coller, J.M.; Dickson, K.S.; Wickens, M. Multiple portions of poly(A)-binding protein stimulate translation in vivo. EMBO J., 2000, 19, 4723-4733.
198. Amrani, N.; Ghosh, S.; Mangus, D.A.; Jacobson, A. Translation factors promote the formation of two states of the closed-loop mRNP. Nature, 2008, 453, 1276-1280.
199. Duncan, K.E.; Strein, C.; Hentze, M.W. The SXL-UNR corepressor complex uses a PABP-mediated mechanism to inhibit ribosome recruitment to msl-2 mRNA. Mol. Cell, 2009, 36, 571-582.
200. Yu, Y.; Abaeva, I.S.; Marintchev, A.; Pestova, T.V.; Hellen, C.U. Common conformational changes induced in type 2 picornavirus IRESs by cognate trans-acting factors. Nucleic Acids Res., 2011, 39, 4851-4865.
201. Maiti, T.; Maitra, U. Characterization of translation initiation factor 5 (eIF5) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Biol. Chem., 1997, 272, 1833-18340.
202. Majumdar, R.; Maitra, U. Regulation of GTP hydrolysis prior to ribosomal AUG selection during eukaryotic translation initiation. EMBO J., 2005, 24, 3737-3746.
203. Das, S.; Ghosh, R.; Maitra, U. Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5 functions as a GTPase-activating protein. J. Biol. Chem., 2001, 276, 6720-6726.
204. Paulin, F.E.; Campbell, L.E.; O'Brien, K.; Loughlin, J.; Proud, C.G. Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5 (eIF5) acts as a classical GTPase-activator protein. Curr. Biol., 2001, 11, 55-59.
205. Das, S.; Maiti, T.; Das, K.; Maitra, U. Specific interaction of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5 (eIF5) with the b-subunit of eIF2. J. Biol. Chem., 1997, 272, 31712-31718.
206. Bieniossek, C.; Schutz, P.; Bumann, M.; Limacher, A.; Uson, I.; Limacher, A.; Uson, I.; Baumann, U. The crystal structure of the carboxy-terminal domain of human translation initiation factor eIF5. J. Mol. Biol., 2006, 360, 457-465.
207. Wei, Z.; Xue, Y.; Xu, H.; Gong, W. Crystal structure of the Cterminal domain of S. cerevisiae eIF5. J. Mol. Biol., 2006, 359, 1-9.
208. Boesen, T.; Mohammad, S.S.; Pavitt, G.D.; Andersen, G.R. Structure of the catalytic fragment of translation initiation factor 2B and identification of a critically important catalytic residue. J. Biol. Chem., 2004, 279, 10584-10592.
209. Loughran, G.; Sachs, M.S.; Atkins, J.F.; Ivanov, I.P. Stringency of start codon selection modulates autoregulation of translation initiation factor eIF5. Nucleic Acids Res., 2011, 40(7): 2898-906.
210. Fringer, J.M.; Acker, M.G.; Fekete, C.A.; Lorsch, J.R.; Dever, T.E. Coupled release of eukaryotic translation initiation factors 5B and 1A from 80S ribosomes following subunit joining. Mol. Cell Biol., 2007, 27, 2384-2397.
211. Unbehaun, A.; Marintchev, A.; Lomakin, I.B.; Didenko, T.; Wagner, G.; Hellen, C.U.T.; Pestova, T.V. Position of eukaryotic initiation factor eIF5B on the 80S ribosome mapped by directed hydroxyl radical probing. EMBO J., 2007, 26, 3109-3123.
212. i Met binding to ribosomes by yIF2.; a bacterial IF2 homolog in yeast. Science, 1998, 280, 1757-1760.
213. Terenin, I.M.; Dmitriev, S.E.; Andreev, D.E.; Shatsky, I.N. Eukaryotic translation initiation machinery can operate in a bacteriallike mode without eIF2. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol., 2008, 15, 836-841.
214. Laalami, S.; Putzer, H.; Plumbridge, J.A.; Grunberg-Manago, M. A severely truncated form of translation initiation factor 2 supports growth of Escherichia coli. J. Mol. Biol., 1991, 220, 335-349.
215. Shin, B.S.; Maag, D.; Roll-Mecak, A.; Arefin, M.S.; Burley, S.K.; Lorsch, J.R.; Dever, T.E. Uncoupling of initiation factor eIF5B/IF2 GTPase and translational activities by mutations that lower ribosome affinity. Cell, 2002, 111, 1015-1025.
216. Allen, G.S.; Zavialov, A.; Gursky, R.; Ehrenberg, M.; Frank, J. The cryo-EM structure of a translation initiation complex from Escherichia coli. Cell, 2005, 121, 703-712.
217. Simonetti, A.; Marzi, S.; Myasnikov, A.G.; Fabbretti, A.; Yusupov, M.; Fabbretti, A.; Yusupov, M.; Gualerzi, C.O.; Klaholz, B.P. Structure of the 30S translation initiation complex. Nature, 2008, 455, 416-420.
218. Choi, S.K.; Olsen, D.S.; Roll-Mecak, A.; Martung, A.; Remo, K.L.; Burley, S.K.; Hinnebusch, A.G.; Dever, T.E. Physical and functional interaction between the eukaryotic orthologs of prokaryotic translation initiation factors IF1 and IF2. Mol. Cell Biol., 2000, 20, 7183-7191.
219. Acker, M.G.; Shin, B.S.; Nanda, J.S.; Saini, A.K.; Dever, T.E.; Lorsch, JR. Kinetic analysis of late steps of eukaryotic translation initiation. J. Mol. Biol., 2009, 385, 491-506.
220. Acker, M.G.; Shin, B.S.; Dever, T.E.; Lorsch, J.R. Interaction between eukaryotic initiation factors 1A and 5B is required for efficient ribosomal subunit joining. J. Biol. Chem., 2006, 281, 8469-8475.
221. Ingolia, N.T.; Ghaemmaghami, S.; Newman, J.R.S.; Weissman, J.S. Genome-Wide Analysis in Vivo of Translation with Nucleotide Resolution Using Ribosome Profiling. Science, 2009, 324, 218-223.
222. Petrov, A.; Kornberg, G.; O'Leary, S.; Tsai, A.; Uemura, S.; Puglisi, J.D. Dynamics of the translational machinery. Curr. Opinion Struct. Biol., 2011, 21, 137-145.