Erratum:Drugging Wnt signalling in cancer (EMBO Journal (2012) 31 (2737-2746) DOI:10.1038/emboj.2012.126);Drugging Wnt signalling in cancer

EMBO Journal

Volumn 31, Issue 12, 2012, Pages 2737-2746

  Polakis, Paul ^a  

^a GENENTECH INC   (United States)

Author keywords

cancer; drugs; Wnt

Indexed keywords

ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; APC PROTEIN; AXIN; AXIN I; AXIN II; BETA CATENIN; CADHERIN; CGP 049090; CYCLIN DEPENDENT KINASE 8; DICKKOPF 1 PROTEIN; FRIZZLED PROTEIN; G PROTEIN COUPLED RECEPTOR; ICG 001; JW 67; JW 74; KI 67 ANTIGEN; MESSENGER RNA; PKF 115 854; PROTEIN P21; PROTEIN P53; SMALL INTERFERING RNA; T CELL FACTOR PROTEIN; UBIQUITIN PROTEIN LIGASE E3; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; WNT PROTEIN; XAV 939;

AUTOCRINE EFFECT; BREAST CANCER; CANCER CELL CULTURE; CANCER GROWTH; CANCER INHIBITION; CANCER MODEL; CANCER REGRESSION; CANCER STEM CELL; CARCINOGENESIS; COLON CANCER; COLON TUMOR; GENE MUTATION; HEMATOLOGIC MALIGNANCY; HUMAN; LIVER CELL CARCINOMA; LUNG CANCER; MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN PROTEIN INTERACTION; REVIEW; RNA INTERFERENCE; SAFETY; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TUMOR XENOGRAFT;

EID: 84862170024     PISSN: 02614189     EISSN: 14602075     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2012.196     Document Type: Erratum

References (100)

1. Abrahamsson AE, Geron I, Gotlib J, Dao KH, Barroga CF, Newton IG, Giles FJ, Durocher J, Creusot RS, Karimi M, Jones C, Zehnder JL, Keating A, Negrin RS, Weissman IL, Jamieson CH (2009) Glycogen synthase kinase 3beta missplicing contributes to leukemia stem cell generation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106: 3925-3929
2. Akiri G, Cherian MM, Vijayakumar S, Liu G, Bafico A, Aaronson SA (2009) Wnt pathway aberrations including autocrine Wnt activation occur at high frequency in human non-small-cell lung carcinoma. Oncogene 28: 2163-2172
3. Ashihara E, Kawata E, Nakagawa Y, Shimazaski C, Kuroda J, Taniguchi K, Uchiyama H, Tanaka R, Yokota A, Takeuchi M, Kamitsuji Y, Inaba T, Taniwaki M, Kimura S, Maekawa T (2009) Beta-catenin small interfering RNA successfully suppressed progression of multiple myeloma in a mouse model. Clin Cancer Res 15: 2731-2738
4. Bafico A, Liu G, Goldin L, Harris V, Aaronson SA (2004) An autocrine mechanism for constitutive Wnt pathway activation in human cancer cells. Cancer Cell 6: 497-506
5. Behrens J, von Kries JP, Kuhl M, Bruhn L, Wedlich D, Grosschedl R, Birchmeier W (1996) Functional interaction of beta-catenin with the transcription factor LEF-1. Nature 382: 638-642
6. Bjorklund P, Svedlund J, Olsson AK, Akerstrom G, Westin G (2009) The internally truncated LRP5 receptor presents a therapeutic target in breast cancer. PLoS One 4: e4243
7. Brabletz T, Jung A, Reu S, Porzner M, Hlubek F, Kunz-Schughart LA, Knuechel R, Kirchner T (2001) Variable beta-catenin expression in colorectal cancers indicates tumor progression driven by the tumor environment. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98: 10356-10361
8. Brunori M, Malerba M, Kashiwazaki H, Iggo R (2001) Replicating adenoviruses that target tumors with constitutive activation of the Wnt signaling pathway. J Virol 75: 2857-2865
9. Chapman PB, Hauschild A, Robert C, Haanen JB, Ascierto P, Larkin J, Dummer R, Garbe C, Testori A, Maio M, Hogg D, Lorigan P, Lebbe C, Jouary T, Schadendorf D, Ribas A, O'Day SJ, Sosman JA, Kirkwood JM, Eggermont AM et al (2011) Improved survival with vemurafenib in melanoma with BRAF V600E mutation. N Engl J Med 364: 2507-2516
10. Chen B, Dodge ME, Tang W, Lu J, Ma Z, Fan CW, Wei S, Hao W, Kilgore J, Williams NS, Roth MG, Amatruda JF, Chen C, Lum L (2009) Small molecule-mediated disruption of Wnt-dependent signaling in tissue regeneration and cancer. Nat Chem Biol 5: 100-107
11. Chung GG, Zerkowski MP, Ocal IT, Dolled-Filhart M, Kang JY, Psyrri A, Camp RL, Rimm DL (2004) Beta-cSatenin and p53 analyses of a breast carcinoma tissue microarray. Cancer 100: 2084-2092
12. Clements WM, Lowy AM, Groden J (2003) Adenomatous polyposis coli/beta-catenin interaction and downstream targets: altered gene expression in gastrointestinal tumors. Clin Colorectal Cancer 3: 113-120
13. Conaway RC, Conaway JW (2011) Function and regulation of the mediator complex. Curr Opin Genet Dev 21: 225-230
14. Cong F, Zhang J, Pao W, Zhou P, Varmus H (2003) A protein knockdown strategy to study the function of beta-catenin in tumorigenesis. BMC Mol Biol 4: 10.
15. Daniels DL, Weis WI (2002) ICAT inhibits beta-catenin binding to Tcf/Lef-family transcription factors and the general coactivator p300 using independent structural modules. Mol Cell 10: 573-584
16. Davidson G, Wu W, Shen J, Bilic J, Fenger U, Stannek P, Glinka A, Niehrs C (2005) Casein kinase 1 gamma couples Wnt receptor activation to cytoplasmic signal transduction. Nature 438: 867-872
17. DeAlmeida VI, Miao L, Ernst JA, Koeppen H, Polakis P, Rubinfeld B (2007) The soluble Wnt receptor Frizzled8CRD-hFc inhibits the growth of teratocarcinomas in vivo. Cancer Res 67: 5371-5379
18. Deka J, Wiedemann N, Anderle P, Murphy-Seiler F, Bultinck J, Eyckerman S, Stehle JC, Andre S, Vilain N, Zilian O, Robine S, Delorenzi M, Basler K, Aguet M (2010) Bcl9/Bcl9l are critical for Wnt-mediated regulation of stem cell traits in colon epithelium and adenocarcinomas. Cancer Res 70: 6619-6628
19. Donner AJ, Szostek S, Hoover JM, Espinosa JM (2007) CDK8 is a stimulus-specific positive coregulator of p53 target genes. Mol Cell 27: 121-133
20. Eguchi M, Nguyen C, Lee SC, Kahn M (2005) ICG-001, a novel small molecule regulator of TCF/beta-catenin transcription. Med Chem 1: 467-472
21. Eklof Spink K, Fridman SG, Weis WI (2001) Molecular mechanisms of beta-catenin recognition by adenomatous polyposis coli revealed by the structure of an APC-beta-catenin complex. EMBO J 20: 6203-6212
22. Firestein R, Bass AJ, Kim SY, Dunn IF, Silver SJ, Guney I, Freed E, Ligon AH, Vena N, Ogino S, Chheda MG, Tamayo P, Finn S, Shrestha Y, Boehm JS, Jain S, Bojarski E, Mermel C, Barretina J, Chan JA et al (2008) CDK8 is a colorectal cancer oncogene that regulates beta-catenin activity. Nature 455: 547-551
23. Fujii N, You L, Xu Z, Uematsu K, Shan J, He B, Mikami I, Edmondson LR, Neale G, Zheng J, Guy RK, Jablons DM (2007) An antagonist of dishevelled protein-protein interaction suppresses beta-catenin-dependent tumor cell growth. Cancer Res 67: 573-579
24. Gandhirajan RK, Staib PA, Minke K, Gehrke I, Plickert G, Schlosser A, Schmitt EK, Hallek M, Kreuzer KA (2010) Small molecule inhibitors of Wnt/beta-catenin/lef-1 signaling induces apoptosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells in vitro and in vivo. Neoplasia 12: 326-335
25. Geyer FC, Lacroix-Triki M, Savage K, Arnedos M, Lambros MB, MacKay A, Natrajan R, Reis-Filho JS (2011) Beta-catenin pathway activation in breast cancer is associated with triple-negative phenotype but not with CTNNB1 mutation. Mod Pathol 24: 209-231
26. Gonsalves FC, Klein K, Carson BB, Katz S, Ekas LA, Evans S, Nagourney R, Cardozo T, Brown AM, DasGupta R (2011) An RNAi-based chemical genetic screen identifies three small-molecule inhibitors of the Wnt/wingless signaling pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108: 5954-5963
27. Gottardi CJ, Wong E, Gumbiner BM (2001) E-cadherin suppresses cellular transformation by inhibiting beta-catenin signaling in an adhesion-independent manner. J Cell Biol 153: 1049-1060
28. Graham TA, Clements WK, Kimelman D, Xu W (2002) The crystal structure of the beta-catenin/ICAT complex reveals the inhibitory mechanism of ICAT. Mol Cell 10: 563-571
29. Grandy D, Shan J, Zhang X, Rao S, Akunuru S, Li H, Zhang Y, Alpatov I, Zhang XA, Lang RA, Shi DL, Zheng JJ (2009) Discovery and characterization of a small molecule inhibitor of the PDZ domain of dishevelled. J Biol Chem 284: 16256-16263
30. Green DW, Roh H, Pippin JA, Drebin JA (2001) Beta-catenin antisense treatment decreases beta-catenin expression and tumor growth rate in colon carcinoma xenografts. J Surg Res 101: 16-20
31. Groden J, Thliveris A, Samowitz W, Carlson M, Gelbert L, Albertsen H, Joslyn G, Stevens J, Spirio L, Robertson M, Sargeant L, Krapcho K, Wolff E, Burt R, Hughes JP, Warrington J, McPherson J, Wasmuth J, Le Paslier D, Abderrahim H et al (1991) Identification and characterization of the familial adenomatous polyposis coli gene. Cell 66: 589-600
32. Hecht A, Vleminckx K, Stemmler MP, van Roy F, Kemler R (2000) The p300/CBP acetyltransferases function as transcriptional coactivators of beta-catenin in vertebrates. EMBO J 19: 1839-1850
33. Hermiston ML, Gordon JI (1995) Inflammatory bowel disease and adenomas in mice expressing a dominant negative N-cadherin. Science 270: 1203-1207
34. Herschkowitz JI, Simin K, Weigman VJ, Mikaelian I, Usary J, Hu Z, Rasmussen KE, Jones LP, Assefnia S, Chandrasekharan S, Backlund MG, Yin Y, Khramtsov AI, Bastein R, Quackenbush J, Glazer RI, Brown PH, Green JE, Kopelovich L, Furth PA et al (2007) Identification of conserved gene expression features between murine mammary carcinoma models and human breast tumors. Genome Biol 8: R76
35. Hinck L, Nelson WJ, Papkoff J (1994) Wnt-1 modulates cell-cell adhesion in mammalian cells by stabilizing beta-catenin binding to the cell adhesion protein cadherin. J Cell Biol 124: 729-741
36. Howe LR, Brown AM (2004) Wnt signaling and breast cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 3: 36-41
37. Huang SM, Mishina YM, Liu S, Cheung A, Stegmeier F, Michaud GA, Charlat O, Wiellette E, Zhang Y, Wiessner S, Hild M, Shi X, Wilson CJ, Mickanin C, Myer V, Fazal A, Tomlinson R, Serluca F, ShaoW, Cheng H et al (2009) Tankyrase inhibition stabilizes axin and antagonizes Wnt signalling. Nature 461: 614-620
38. Huber AH, Nelson WJ,Weis WI (1997) Three-dimensional structure of the armadillo repeat region of beta-catenin. Cell 90: 871-882
39. Huber AH, Weis WI (2001) The structure of the beta-catenin/Ecadherin complex and the molecular basis of diverse ligand recognition by beta-catenin. Cell 105: 391-402
40. Jamieson CH, Ailles LE, Dylla SJ, Muijtjens M, Jones C, Zehnder JL, Gotlib J, Li K, Manz MG, Keating A, Sawyers CL, Weissman IL (2004) Granulocyte-macrophage progenitors as candidate leukemic stem cells in blast-crisis CML. N Engl J Med 351: 657-667
41. Jessen S, Gu B, Dai X (2008) Pygopus and the Wnt signaling pathway: a diverse set of connections. Bioessays 30: 448-456
42. Khramtsov AI, Khramtsova GF, Tretiakova M, Huo D, Olopade OI, Goss KH (2010) Wnt/beta-catenin pathway activation is enriched in basal-like breast cancers and predicts poor outcome. Am J Pathol 176: 2911-2920
43. Kim JS, Crooks H, Foxworth A, Waldman T (2002) Proof-of-principle: oncogenic beta-catenin is a valid molecular target for the development of pharmacological inhibitors. Mol Cancer Ther 1: 1355-1359
44. Kinzler KW, Nilbert MC, Su L-K, Vogelstein B, Bryan TM, Levy DB, Smith KJ, Preisinger AC, Hedge P, McKechnie D, Finniear R, Matrkam A, Groffen J, Boguski MS, Altschul SF, Hrrii A, Ando H, Miyoshi Y, Miki Y, Nishisho I et al (1991) Identification of FAP locus genes from chromosome 5q21. Science 253: 661-665
45. Kuhnert F, Davis CR, Wang HT, Chu P, Lee M, Yuan J, Nusse R, Kuo CJ (2004) Essential requirement for Wnt signaling in proliferation of adult small intestine and colon revealed by adenoviral expression of Dickkopf-1. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101: 266-271
46. Lammi L, Arte S, Somer M, Jarvinen H, Lahermo P, Thesleff I, Pirinen S, Nieminen P (2004) Mutations in AXIN2 cause familial tooth agenesis and predispose to colorectal cancer. Am J Hum Genet 74: 1043-1050
47. Lee JM, Kim IS, Kim H, Lee JS, Kim K, Yim HY, Jeong J, Kim JH, Kim JY, Lee H, Seo SB, Kim H, Rosenfeld MG, Kim KI, Baek SH (2010) RORalpha attenuates Wnt/beta-catenin signaling by PKCalpha-dependent phosphorylation in colon cancer. Mol Cell 37: 183-195
48. Lepourcelet M, Chen YN, France DS, Wang H, Crews P, Petersen F, Bruseo C, Wood AW, Shivdasani RA (2004) Small-molecule antagonists of the oncogenic Tcf/beta-catenin protein complex. Cancer Cell 5: 91-102
49. Lin SY, Xia W, Wang JC, Kwong KY, Spohn B, Wen Y, Pestell RG, Hung MC (2000) Beta-catenin, a novel prognostic marker for breast cancer: its roles in cyclin D1 expression and cancer progression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97: 4262-4266
50. Liu C, Li Y, Semenov M, Han C, Baeg GH, Tan Y, Zhang Z, Lin X, He X (2002) Control of beta-catenin phosphorylation/degradation by a dual-kinase mechanism. Cell 108: 837-847
51. Lukashev AN, Fuerer C, Chen MJ, Searle P, Iggo R (2005) Late expression of nitroreductase in an oncolytic adenovirus sensitizes colon cancer cells to the prodrug CB1954. Hum Gene Ther 16: 1473-1483
52. Major MB, Camp ND, Berndt JD, Yi X, Goldenberg SJ, Hubbert C, Biechele TL, Gingras AC, Zheng N, Maccoss MJ, Angers S, Moon RT (2007) Wilms tumor suppressor WTX negatively regulates WNT/beta-catenin signaling. Science 316: 1043-1046
53. Malanchi I, Huelsken J (2009) Cancer stem cells: never Wnt away from the niche. Curr Opin Oncol 21: 41-46
54. Malanchi I, Peinado H, Kassen D, Hussenet T, Metzger D, Chambon P, Huber M, Hohl D, Cano A, Birchmeier W, Huelsken J (2008) Cutaneous cancer stem cell maintenance is dependent on betacatenin signalling. Nature 452: 650-653
55. Marvin ML, Mazzoni SM, Herron CM, Edwards S, Gruber SB, Petty EM (2011) AXIN2-associated autosomal dominant ectodermal dysplasia and neoplastic syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 155A: 898-902
56. Matsuda Y, Schlange T, Oakeley EJ, Boulay A, Hynes NE (2009) WNTsignaling enhances breast cancer cell motility and blockade of the WNT pathway by sFRP1 suppresses MDA-MB-231 xenograft growth. Breast Cancer Res 11: R32
57. Minke KS, Staib P, Puetter A, Gehrke I, Gandhirajan RK, Schlosser A, Schmitt EK, Hallek M, Kreuzer KA (2009) Small molecule inhibitors of WNT signaling effectively induce apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia cells. Eur J Haematol 82: 165-175
58. Miyagishi M, Fujii R, Hatta M, Yoshida E, Araya N, Nagafuchi A, Ishihara S, Nakajima T, Fukamizu A (2000) Regulation of Lefmediated transcription and p53-dependent pathway by associating beta-catenin with CBP/p300. J Biol Chem 275: 35170-35175
59. Molenaar M, van de Wetering M, Oosterwegel M, Peterson-Maduro J, Godsave S, Korinek V, Roose J, Destree O, Clevers H (1996) XTcf-3 transcription factor mediates beta-catenin-induced axis formation in Xenopus embryos. Cell 86: 391-399
60. Mologni L, Dekhil H, Ceccon M, Purgante S, Lan C, Cleris L, Magistroni V, Formelli F, Gambacorti-Passerini CB (2010) Colorectal tumors are effectively eradicated by combined inhibition of {beta}-catenin, KRAS, and the oncogenic transcription factor ITF2. Cancer Res 70: 7253-7263
61. Morin PJ, Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW (1996) Apoptosis and APC in colorectal tumorigenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93: 7950-7954
62. Morin PJ, Sparks AB, Korinek V, Barker N, Clevers H, Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW (1997) Activation of beta-catenin-Tcf signaling in colon cancer by mutations in beta-catenin or APC. Science 275: 1787-1790
63. Mosimann C, Hausmann G, Basler K (2009) Beta-catenin hits chromatin: regulation of Wnt target gene activation. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 10: 276-286
64. Munemitsu S, Albert I, Souza B, Rubinfeld B, Polakis P (1995) Regulation of intracellular beta-catenin levels by the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumor-suppressor protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92: 3046-3050
65. Nguyen DX, Chiang AC, Zhang XH, Kim JY, Kris MG, Ladanyi M, Gerald WL, Massague J (2009) WNT/TCF signaling through LEF1 and HOXB9 mediates lung adenocarcinoma metastasis. Cell 138: 51-62
66. Nusse R, Varmus HE (1982) Many tumors induced by the mouse mammary tumor virus contain a provirus integrated in the same region of the host genome. Cell 31: 99-109
67. Peerlinck I, Merron A, Baril P, Conchon S, Martin-Duque P, Hindorf C, Burnet J, Quintanilla M, Hingorani M, Iggo R, Lemoine NR, Harrington K, Vassaux G (2009) Targeted radionuclide therapy using a Wnt-targeted replicating adenovirus encoding the Na/I symporter. Clin Cancer Res 15: 6595-6601
68. Pinto D, Gregorieff A, Begthel H, Clevers H (2003) Canonical Wnt signals are essential for homeostasis of the intestinal epithelium. Genes Dev 17: 1709-1713
69. Polakis P (2007) The many ways of Wnt in cancer. Curr Opin Genet Dev 17: 45-51
70. Poulikakos PI, Rosen N (2011) Mutant BRAF melanomas-dependence and resistance. Cancer Cell 19: 11-15
71. Reya T, Clevers H (2005) Wnt signalling in stem cells and cancer. Nature 434: 843-850
72. Roh H, Green DW, Boswell CB, Pippin JA, Drebin JA (2001) Suppression of beta-catenin inhibits the neoplastic growth of APC-mutant colon cancer cells. Cancer Res 61: 6563-6568
73. Rubinfeld B, Robbins P, El-Gamil M, Albert I, Porfiri E, Polakis P (1997) Stabilization of beta-catenin by genetic defects in melanoma cell lines. Science 275: 1790-1792
74. Salahshor S, Woodgett JR (2005) The links between axin and carcinogenesis. J Clin Pathol 58: 225-236
75. Sampietro J, Dahlberg CL, Cho US, Hinds TR, Kimelman D, Xu W (2006) Crystal structure of a beta-catenin/BCL9/Tcf4 complex. Mol Cell 24: 293-300
76. Satoh S, Daigo Y, Furukawa Y, Kato T, Miwa N, Nishiwaki T, Kawasoe T, Ishiguro H, Fujita M, Tokino T, Sasaki Y, Imaoka S, Murata M, Shimano T, Yamaoka Y, Nakamura Y (2000) AXIN1 mutations in hepatocellular carcinomas, and growth suppression in cancer cells by virus-mediated transfer of AXIN1. Nat Genet 24: 245-250
77. Scholer-Dahirel A, Schlabach MR, Loo A, Bagdasarian L, Meyer R, Guo R, Woolfenden S, Yu KK, Markovits J, Killary K, Sonkin D, Yao YM, Warmuth M, Sellers WR, Schlegel R, Stegmeier F, Mosher RE, McLaughlin ME (2011) Maintenance of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC)-mutant colorectal cancer is dependent on Wnt/beta-catenin signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108: 17135-17140
78. Sorlie T, Tibshirani R, Parker J, Hastie T, Marron JS, Nobel A, Deng S, Johnsen H, Pesich R, Geisler S, Demeter J, Perou CM, Lonning PE, Brown PO, Borresen-Dale AL, Botstein D (2003) Repeated observation of breast tumor subtypes in independent gene expression data sets. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100: 8418-8423
79. Su LK, Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW (1993) Association of the APC tumor suppressor protein with catenins. Science 262: 1734-1737
80. Takahashi-Yanaga F, Kahn M (2010) Targeting Wnt signaling: can we safely eradicate cancer stem cells? Clin Cancer Res 16: 3153-3162
81. Tetsu O, McCormick F (1999) Beta-catenin regulates expression of cyclin D1 in colon carcinoma cells. Nature 398: 422-426
82. Thorne CA, Hanson AJ, Schneider J, Tahinci E, Orton D, Cselenyi CS, Jernigan KK, Meyers KC, Hang BI, Waterson AG, Kim K, Melancon B, Ghidu VP, Sulikowski GA, LaFleur B, Salic A, Lee LA, Miller III DM, Lee E (2010) Small-molecule inhibition of Wnt signaling through activation of casein kinase 1alpha. Nat Chem Biol 6: 829-836
83. Tian H, Biehs B, Warming S, Leong KG, Rangell L, Klein OD, de Sauvage FJ (2011) A reserve stem cell population in small intestine renders Lgr5-positive cells dispensable. Nature 478: 255-259
84. van de Wetering M, Sancho E, Verweij C, de Lau W, Oving I, Hurlstone A, van der Horn K, Batlle E, Coudreuse D, Haramis AP, Tjon-Pon-Fong M, Moerer P, van den Born M, Soete G, Pals S, Eilers M, Medema R, Clevers H (2002) The beta-catenin/TCF-4 complex imposes a crypt progenitor phenotype on colorectal cancer cells. Cell 111: 241-250
85. Verma UN, Surabhi RM, Schmaltieg A, Becerra C, Gaynor RB (2003) Small interfering RNAs directed against beta-catenin inhibit the in vitro and in vivo growth of colon cancer cells. Clin Cancer Res 9: 1291-1300
86. von Kries JP, Winbeck G, Asbrand C, Schwarz-Romond T, Sochnikova N, Dell'Oro A, Behrens J, Birchmeier W (2000) Hot spots in beta-catenin for interactions with LEF-1, conductin and APC. Nat Struct Biol 7: 800-807
87. Waaler J, Machon O, von Kries JP, Wilson SR, Lundenes E, Wedlich D, Gradl D, Paulsen JE, Machonova O, Dembinski JL, Dinh H, Krauss S (2011) Novel synthetic antagonists of canonical Wnt signaling inhibit colorectal cancer cell growth. Cancer Res 71: 197-205
88. Wang S, Jones KA (2006) CK2 controls the recruitment of Wnt regulators to target genes in vivo. Curr Biol 16: 2239-2244
89. Wang Y, Krivtsov AV, Sinha AU, North TE, Goessling W, Feng Z, Zon LI, Armstrong SA (2010) The Wnt/beta-catenin pathway is required for the development of leukemia stem cells in AML. Science 327: 1650-1653
90. WeiW, Chua MS, Grepper S, So S (2010) Small molecule antagonists of Tcf4/beta-catenin complex inhibit the growth of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Int J Cancer 126: 2426-2436
91. Weinberg RA, Bishop JM, 1996) Molecular Oncology. New York: Scientific American
92. Willert K, Jones KA (2006) Wnt signaling: is the party in the nucleus? Genes Dev 20: 1394-1404
93. Xing Y, Clements WK, Kimelman D, Xu W (2003) Crystal structure of a beta-catenin/axin complex suggests a mechanism for the beta-catenin destruction complex. Genes Dev 17: 2753-2764
94. Xu W, Kimelman D (2007) Mechanistic insights from structural studies of beta-catenin and its binding partners. J Cell Sci 120: 3337-3344
95. Yan KS, Chia LA, Li X, Ootani A, Su J, Lee JY, Su N, Luo Y, Heilshorn SC, Amieva MR, Sangiorgi E, Capecchi MR, Kuo CJ (2011) The intestinal stem cell markers Bmi1 and Lgr5 identify two functionally distinct populations. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 109: 466-471
96. Yang L, Wu X, Wang Y, Zhang K, Wu J, Yuan YC, Deng X, Chen L, Kim CC, Lau S, Somlo G, Yen Y (2011) FZD7 has a critical role in cell proliferation in triple negative breast cancer. Oncogene 30: 4437-4446
97. Yeung J, Esposito MT, Gandillet A, Zeisig BB, Griessinger E, Bonnet D, So CW (2010) beta-Catenin mediates the establishment and drug resistance of MLL leukemic stem cells. Cancer Cell 18: 606-618
98. Zeng G, Apte U, Cieply B, Singh S, Monga SP (2007) siRNAmediated beta-catenin knockdown in human hepatoma cells results in decreased growth and survival. Neoplasia 9: 951-959
99. Zhang Y, Appleton BA, Wiesmann C, Lau T, Costa M, Hannoush RN, Sidhu SS (2009) Inhibition of Wnt signalling by Dishevelled PDZ peptides. Nat Chem Biol 5: 217-219
100. Zhao C, Blum J, Chen A, Kwon HY, Jung SH, Cook JM, Lagoo A, Reya T (2007) Loss of beta-catenin impairs the renewal of normal and CML stem cells in vivo. Cancer Cell 12: 528-541