Biological Effects of Lysophosphatidic Acid in the Nervous System

International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology

Volumn 296, Issue , 2012, Pages 273-322

  Frisca, Frisca ^a   Sabbadini, Roger A ^b,c   Goldshmit, Yona ^d,e   Pébay, Alice ^a,d,f  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

^b Lpath Inc   (United States)

^c SAN DIEGO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d O'Brien Institute   (Australia)

^e MONASH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^f CENTRE FOR EYE RESEARCH AUSTRALIA   (Australia)

Author keywords

G protein coupled receptors; Lysophosphatidic acid; Nervous system; Neural development; Neurogenesis; Neurotrauma; Pathology

Indexed keywords

AM 152; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; G PROTEIN COUPLED RECEPTOR; LYSOPHOSPHATIDIC ACID; LYSOPHOSPHATIDIC ACID 1; LYSOPHOSPHATIDIC ACID 2; LYSOPHOSPHATIDIC ACID 3; LYSOPHOSPHATIDIC ACID 4; LYSOPHOSPHATIDIC ACID 5; LYSOPHOSPHATIDIC ACID RECEPTOR; MESSENGER RNA; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR ACTIVATED RECEPTOR GAMMA; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VANILLOID RECEPTOR 1;

ADDICTION; ADULTHOOD; APOPTOSIS; ARTICLE; ASTROCYTE; BRAIN CANCER; CATABOLISM; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL MIGRATION; CELL PROLIFERATION; CELL SURVIVAL; CORNEA; DEGENERATIVE DISEASE; EAR; EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT; EPILEPSY; FIBROSING ALVEOLITIS; GLIOMA; HUMAN; LEARNING; LENS; MEMORY; MICROGLIA; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; NERVE CELL; NERVOUS SYSTEM; NERVOUS SYSTEM INJURY; NEURAL STEM CELL; NEUROBLAST; NEUROPATHIC PAIN; NEUROPATHOLOGY; NONHUMAN; OLFACTORY ENSHEATHING CELL; OLIGODENDROGLIA; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHOSPHOLIPID METABOLISM; PLEIOTROPY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RETINA; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SCHWANN CELL;

EID: 84860484216     PISSN: 19376448     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-394307-1.00005-9     Document Type: Chapter

References (243)

1. Aaltonen N., Laitinen J.T., Lehtonen M. Quantification of lysophosphatidic acids in rat brain tissue by liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. B 2010, 878:1145-1152.
2. Abe K., Saito H. Amyloid beta protein inhibits cellular MTT reduction not by suppression of mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase but by acceleration of MTT formazan exocytosis in cultured rat cortical astrocytes. Neurosci. Res. 1998, 31:295-305.
3. Abu El-Asrar A.M., Missotten L., Geboes K. Expression of autotaxin and acylglycerol kinase in proliferative vitreoretinal epiretinal membranes. Acta Ophthalmol. 2011, 90(2):e84-e89. March 2012.
4. Adibhatla R., Hatcher J.F. Altered lipid metabolism in brain injury and disorders. Subcell. Biochem. 2008, 49:241-268.
5. Allard J., Barron S., Diaz J., Lubetzki C., Zalc B., Schwartz J.C., et al. A rat G protein-coupled receptor selectively expressed in myelin-forming cells. Eur. J. Neurosci. 1998, 10:1045-1053.
6. Allard J., Barron S., Trottier S., Cervera P., Daumas Duport C., Leguern E., et al. Edg-2 in myelin-forming cells: isoforms, genomic mapping, and exclusion in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Glia 1999, 26:176-185.
7. An S., Dickens M.A., Bleu T., Hallmark O.G., Goetzl E.J. Molecular cloning of the human Edg2 protein and its identification as a functional cellular receptor for lysophosphatidic acid. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1997, 231:619-622.
8. An S., Bleu T., Hallmark O.G., Goetzl E.J. Characterization of a novel subtype of human G protein-coupled receptor for lysophosphatidic acid. J. Biol. Chem. 1998, 273:7906-7910.
9. Annabi B., Lachambre M.P., Plouffe K., Sartelet H., Beliveau R. Modulation of invasive properties of CD133(+) glioblastoma stem cells: a role for MT1-MMP in bioactive lysophospholipid signaling. Mol. Carcinog. 2009, 48(10):910-919.
10. Aoki J., Inoue A., Okudaira S. Two pathways for lysophosphatidic acid production. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2008, 1781:513-518.
11. Atwal J.K., Chen Y.M., Chiu C., Mortensen D.L., Meilandt W.J., Liu Y.C., et al. A therapeutic antibody targeting BACE1 inhibits amyloid-beta production in vivo. Sci. Transl. Med. 2011, 3(84):84ra43. May 25.
12. Baker D.L., Desiderio D.M., Miller D.D., Tolley B., Tigyi G.J. Direct quantitative analysis of lysophosphatidic acid molecular species by stable isotope dilution electrospray ionization liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal. Biochem. 2001, 292:287-295.
13. Bandoh K., Aoki J., Hosono H., Kobayashi S., Kobayashi T., Murakami-Murofushi K., et al. Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel human G-protein-coupled receptor, EDG7, for lysophosphatidic acid. J. Biol. Chem. 1999, 274:27776-27785.
14. Barber S.C., Mellor H., Gampel A., Scolding N.J. S1P and LPA trigger Schwann cell actin changes and migration. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2004, 19:3142-3150.
15. Beer M.S., Stanton J.A., Salim K., Rigby M., Heavens R.P., Smith D., et al. EDG receptors as a therapeutic target in the nervous system. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 2000, 905:118-131.
16. Bektas M., Payne S.G., Liu H., Goparaju S., Milstien S., Spiegel S. A novel acylglycerol kinase that produces lysophosphatidic acid modulates cross talk with EGFR in prostate cancer cells. J. Cell Biol. 2005, 169:801-811.
17. Bernhart E., Kollroser M., Rechberger G., Reicher H., Heinemann A., Schratl P., et al. Lysophosphatidic acid receptor activation affects the C13NJ microglia cell line proteome leading to alterations in glycolysis, motility, and cytoskeletal architecture. Proteomics 2010, 10:141-158.
18. Blanco E., Bilbao A., Luque-Rojas M.J., Palomino A., Bermudez-Silva F.J., Suarez J., et al. Attenuation of cocaine-induced conditioned locomotion is associated with altered expression of hippocampal glutamate receptors in mice lacking LPA1 receptors. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2011, 220(1):27-42.
19. Blondeau N., Lauritzen I., Widmann C., Lazdunski M., Heurteaux C. A potent protective role of lysophospholipids against global cerebral ischemia and glutamate excitotoxicity in neuronal cultures. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 2002, 22:821-834.
20. Blum A., Joseph S., Przybylski R., Dubyak G. Rho-family GTPases modulate Ca(2+)-dependent ATP release from astrocytes. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 2008, 295:C231-C241.
21. Bouquet C., Ravaille-Veron M., Propst F., Nothias F. MAP1B coordinates microtubule and actin filament remodeling in adult mouse Schwann cell tips and DRG neuron growth cones. Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 2007, 36:235-247.
22. Bowden N.A., Weidenhofer J., Scott R.J., Schall U., Todd J., Michie P.T., et al. Preliminary investigation of gene expression profiles in peripheral blood lymphocytes in schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 2006, 82:175-183.
23. Braff D. Prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex: a window on the brain in schizophrenia. Curr. Top. Behav. Neurosci. 2010, 4:349-371.
24. Brault S., Gobeil F., Fortier A., Honore J.C., Joyal J.S., Sapieha P.S., et al. Lysophosphatidic acid induces endothelial cell death by modulating the redox environment. Am. J. Physiol. 2007, 292:R1174-1183.
25. Campbell D.S., Holt C.E. Chemotropic responses of retinal growth cones mediated by rapid local protein synthesis and degradation. Neuron 2001, 32:1013-1026.
26. Casado M., Ascher P. Opposite modulation of NMDA receptors by lysophospholipids and arachidonic acid: common features with mechanosensitivity. J. Physiol. 1998, 513:317-330.
27. Castilla-Ortega E., Sanchez-Lopez J., Hoyo-Becerra C., Matas-Rico E., Zambrana-Infantes E., Chun J., et al. Exploratory, anxiety and spatial memory impairments are dissociated in mice lacking the LPA1 receptor. Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 2010, 94:73-82.
28. Castilla-Ortega E., Hoyo-Becerra C., Pedraza C., Chun J., Rodríguez De Fonseca F., Estivill-Torrús G., et al. Aggravation of chronic stress effects on hippocampal neurogenesis and spatial memory in LPA1 receptor knockout mice. PLoS One 2011, 6:e25522.
29. Cechin S., Dunkley P., Rodnight R. Signal transduction mechanisms involved in the proliferation of C6 glioma cells induced by lysophosphatidic acid. Neurochem. Res. 2005, 30:603-611.
30. Cervera P., Tirard M., Barron S., Allard J., Trottier S., Lacombe J., et al. Immunohistological localization of the myelinating cell-specific receptor LP(A1). Glia 2002, 38:126-136.
31. Chang Y.-J., Kim Y.-L., Lee Y.-K., Sacket S., Kim K., Kim H.-L., et al. Dioleoyl phosphatidic acid increases intracellular Ca2+ through endogenous LPA receptors in C6 glioma and L2071 fibroblasts. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 2007, 83:268-276.
32. Chun J., Jaenisch R. Clonal cell lines produced by infection of neocortical neuroblasts using multiple oncogenes transduced by retroviruses. Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 1996, 7:304-321.
33. Cohen J.A., Barkhof F., Comi G., Hartung H.P., Khatri B.O., Montalban X., et al. Oral fingolimod or intramuscular interferon for relapsing multiple sclerosis. N. Engl. J. Med. 2010, 362:402-415.
34. Contos J.J., Chun J. The mouse lp(A3)/Edg7 lysophosphatidic acid receptor gene: genomic structure, chromosomal localization, and expression pattern. Gene 2001, 267:243-253.
35. Contos J.J., Fukushima N., Weiner J.A., Kaushal D., Chun J. Requirement for the lpA1 lysophosphatidic acid receptor gene in normal suckling behavior. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2000, 97:13384-13389.
36. Contos J.J.A., Ishii I., Fukushima N., Kingsbury M.A., Ye X., Kawamura S., et al. Characterization of lpa2 (Edg4) and lpa1/lpa2 (Edg2/Edg4) lysophosphatidic acid receptor knockout mice: signaling deficits without obvious phenotypic abnormality attributable to lpa2. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2002, 22:6921-6929.
37. Cui H.L., Qiao J.T. Promotive action of lysophosphatidic acid on proliferation of rat embryonic neural stem cells and their differentiation to cholinergic neurons in vitro. Sheng Li Xue Bao 2006, 58:547-555.
38. Cui H.-L., Qiao J. Effect of lysophosphatidic acid on differentiation of embryonic neural stem cells into neuroglial cells in rats in vitro. Acta Physiol. Sin. 2007, 59:759-764.
39. Cunningham M.O., Hunt J., Middleton S., LeBeau F.E., Gillies M.J., Davies C.H., et al. Region-specific reduction in entorhinal gamma oscillations and parvalbumin-immunoreactive neurons in animal models of psychiatric illness. J. Neurosci. 2006, 26:2767-2776.
40. Das A., Hajra A. Quantification, characterization and fatty acid composition of lysophosphatidic acid in different rat tissues. Lipids 1989, 24:329-333.
41. Dash P., Orsi S., Moody M., Moore A. A role for hippocampal Rho-ROCK pathway in long-term spatial memory. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2004, 322:893-898.
42. Dawson J., Hotchin N., Lax S., Rumsby M. Lysophosphatidic acid induces process retraction in CG-4 line oligodendrocytes and oligodendrocyte precursor cells but not in differentiated oligodendrocytes. J. Neurochem. 2003, 87:947-957.
43. de Arriba Zerpa G.A., Guido M.E., Bussolino D.F., Pasquare S.J., Castagnet P.I., Giusto N.M., et al. Light exposure activates retina ganglion cell lysophosphatidic acid acyl transferase and phosphatidic acid phosphatase by a c-fos-dependent mechanism. J. Neurochem. 1999, 73:1228-1235.
44. de Sampaio e Spohr T.C.L., Dezonne R.S., Rehen S.K., Gomes F.C.A. Astrocytes treated by lysophosphatidic acid induce axonal outgrowth of cortical progenitors through extracellular matrix protein and epidermal growth factor signaling pathway. J. Neurochem. 2011, 119:113-123. 113-123.
45. Desbonnet L., Waddington J., Tuathaigh C.M.P.O. Mice mutant for genes associated with schizophrenia: common phenotype or distinct endophenotypes?. Behav. Brain Res. 2009, 204:258-273.
46. Dircks L., Sul H.S. Acyltransferases of de novo glycerophospholipid biosynthesis. Prog. Lipid Res. 1999, 38:461-479.
47. Dottori M., Leung J., Turnley A.M., Pebay A. Lysophosphatidic acid inhibits neuronal differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells derived from human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells 2008, 26:1146-1154.
48. Dubin A.E., Bahnson T., Weiner J.A., Fukushima N., Chun J. Lysophosphatidic acid stimulates neurotransmitter-like conductance changes that precede GABA and L-glutamate in early, presumptive cortical neuroblasts. J. Neurosci. 1999, 19:1371-1381.
49. Dubin A.E., Herr D.R., Chun J. Diversity of lysophosphatidic acid receptor-mediated intracellular calcium signaling in early cortical neurogenesis. J. Neurosci. 2010, 30:7300-7309.
50. Eder A.M., Sasagawa T., Mao M., Aoki J., Mills G.B. Constitutive and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)-induced LPA production: role of phospholipase D and phospholipase A2. Clin. Cancer Res. 2000, 6:2482-2491.
51. Eichholtz T., Jalink K., Fahrenfort I., Moolenaar W.H. The bioactive phospholipid lysophosphatidic acid is released from activated platelets. Biochem. J. 1993, 291(Pt 3):677-680.
52. Elmes S.J., Millns P.J., Smart D., Kendall D.A., Chapman V. Evidence for biological effects of exogenous LPA on rat primary afferent and spinal cord neurons. Brain Res. 2004, 1022:205-213.
53. Estivill-Torrus G., Llebrez-Zayas P., Matas-Rico E., Santin L., Pedraza C., De Diego I., et al. Absence of LPA1 signaling results in defective cortical development. Cereb. Cortex 2008, 18:938-950.
54. Farias S.E., Heidenreich K.A., Wohlauer M.V., Murphy R.C., Moore E.E. Lipid mediators in cerebral spinal fluid of traumatic brain injured patients. J. Trauma 2011, 71:1211-1218.
55. Federico L., Pamuklar Z., Smyth S.S., Morris A.J. Therapeutic potential of autotaxin/lysophospholipase D inhibitors. Curr. Drug Targets 2008, 9:698-708.
56. Fitzgerald L.R., Dytko G.M., Sarau H.M., Mannan I.J., Ellis C., Lane P.A., et al. Identification of an EDG7 variant, HOFNH30, a G-protein-coupled receptor for lysophosphatidic acid. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2000, 273:805-810.
57. Fontainhas A., Townes Anderson E. RhoA and its role in synaptic structural plasticity of isolated salamander photoreceptors. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2008, 49:4177-4187.
58. Fotopoulou S., Oikonomou N., Grigorieva E., Nikitopoulou I., Paparountas T., Thanassopoulou A., et al. ATX expression and LPA signalling are vital for the development of the nervous system. Dev. Biol. 2010, 339:451-464.
59. Fourcade O., Simon M.-F., Viodé C., Rugani N., Leballe F., Ragab A., et al. Secretory phospholipase A2 generates the novel lipid mediator lysophosphatidic acid in membrane microvesicles shed from activated cells. Cell 1995, 80:919-927.
60. Frohnert P.W., Stonecypher M.S., Carroll S.L. Lysophosphatidic acid promotes the proliferation of adult Schwann cells isolated from axotomized sciatic nerve. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 2003, 62:520-529.
61. Frugier T., Crombie D., Conquest A., Tjhong F., Taylor C., Kulkarni T., et al. Modulation of LPA receptor expression in the human brain following neurotrauma. Cell. Mol. Neurobiol. 2011, 31:569-577.
62. Fuentes E., Nadal A., McNaughton P.A. Lysophospholipids trigger calcium signals but not DNA synthesis in cortical astrocytes. Glia 1999, 28:272-276.
63. Fujita R., Kiguchi N., Ueda H. LPA-mediated demyelination in ex vivo culture of dorsal root. Neurochem. Int. 2007, 50:351-355.
64. Fujita R., Ma Y., Ueda H. Lysophosphatidic acid-induced membrane ruffling and brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene expression are mediated by ATP release in primary microglia. J. Neurochem. 2008, 107:152-160.
65. Fujiwara Y., Sebok A., Meakin S., Kobayashi T., Murakami-Murofushi K., Tigyi G. Cyclic phosphatidic acid elicits neurotrophin-like actions in embryonic hippocampal neurons. J. Neurochem. 2003, 87:1272-1283.
66. Fukami K., Takenawa T. Phosphatidic acid that accumulates in platelet-derived growth factor-stimulated Balb/c 3T3 cells is a potential mitogenic signal. J. Biol. Chem. 1992, 267:10988-10993.
67. Fukushima N., Morita Y. Actomyosin-dependent microtubule rearrangement in lysophosphatidic acid-induced neurite remodeling of young cortical neurons. Brain Res. 2006, 1094:65-75.
68. Fukushima N., Kimura Y., Chun J. A single receptor encoded by vzg-1/lpA1/edg-2 couples to G proteins and mediates multiple cellular responses to lysophosphatidic acid. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1998, 95:6151-6156.
69. Fukushima N., Weiner J.A., Chun J. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a novel extracellular regulator of cortical neuroblast morphology. Dev. Biol. 2000, 228:6-18.
70. Fukushima N., Ishii I., Habara Y., Allen C.B., Chun J. Dual regulation of actin rearrangement through lysophosphatidic acid receptor in neuroblast cell lines: actin depolymerization by Ca2+-alpha-actinin and polymerization by Rho. Mol. Biol. Cell 2002, 13:2692-2705.
71. Fukushima N., Weiner J.A., Kaushal D., Contos J.J.A., Rehen S.K., Kingsbury M.A., et al. Lysophosphatidic acid influences the morphology and motility of young, postmitotic cortical neurons. Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 2002, 20:271-282.
72. Fukushima N., Shano S., Moriyama R., Chun J. Lysophosphatidic acid stimulates neuronal differentiation of cortical neuroblasts through the LPA1-Gi/o pathway. Neurochem. Int. 2007, 50:302-307.
73. Fukushima N., Furuta D., Tsujiuchi T. Coordinated interactions between actin and microtubules through crosslinkers in neurite retraction induced by lysophosphatidic acid. Neurochem. Int. 2011, 59:109-113.
74. Furukawa A., Kita K., Toyomoto M., Fujii S., Inoue S., Hayashi K., et al. Production of nerve growth factor enhanced in cultured mouse astrocytes by glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, and their related compounds. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 2007, 305:27-34.
75. Fuss B., Baba H., Phan T., Tuohy V.K., Macklin W.B. Phosphodiesterase I, a novel adhesion molecule and/or cytokine involved in oligodendrocyte function. J. Neurosci. 1997, 17:9095-9103.
76. Gan L., Xue J.X., Li X., Liu D.S., Ge Y., Ni P.Y., et al. Blockade of lysophosphatidic acid receptors LPAR1/3 ameliorates lung fibrosis induced by irradiation. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2011, 409:7-13.
77. Gattaz W., Valente K., Raposo N.R.B., Vincentiis S., Talib L. Increased PLA(2) activity in the hippocampus of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and psychosis. J. Psychiatr. Res. 2011, 45:1617-1620.
78. Gierse J., Thorarensen A., Beltey K., Bradshaw-Pierce E., Cortes-Burgos L., Hall T., et al. A novel autotaxin inhibitor reduces lysophosphatidic acid levels in plasma and the site of inflammation. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 2010, 334:310-317.
79. Goldshmit Y., Munro K., Leong S., Pébay A., Turnley A. LPA receptor expression in the central nervous system in health and following injury. Cell Tissue Res. 2010, 341:23-32.
80. Gotoh M., Hotta H., Murakami-Murofushi K. Effects of cyclic phosphatidic acid on delayed neuronal death following transient ischemia in rat hippocampal CA1. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 2010, 649:206-209.
81. Halstead J.R., Savaskan N.E., van den Bout I., Van Horck F., Hajdo-Milasinovic A., Snell M., et al. Rac controls PIP5K localisation and PtdIns(4,5)P2 synthesis, which modulates vinculin localisation and neurite dynamics. J. Cell Sci. 2010, 123:3535-3546.
82. Hammack B.N., Fung K.Y., Hunsucker S.W., Duncan M.W., Burgoon M.P., Owens G.P., et al. Proteomic analysis of multiple sclerosis cerebrospinal fluid. Mult. Scler. 2004, 10:245-260.
83. Handford E.J., Smith D., Hewson L., McAllister G., Beer M.S. Edg2 receptor distribution in adult rat brain. Neuroreport 2001, 12:757-760.
84. Harada J., Foley M., Moskowitz M.A., Waeber C. Sphingosine-1-phosphate induces proliferation and morphological changes of neural progenitor cells. J. Neurochem. 2004, 88:1026-1039.
85. Harrison S.M., Reavill C., Brown G., Brown J.T., Cluderay J.E., Crook B., et al. LPA1 receptor-deficient mice have phenotypic changes observed in psychiatric disease. Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 2003, 24:1170-1179.
86. Hecht J.H., Weiner J.A., Post S.R., Chun J. Ventricular zone gene-1 (vzg-1) encodes a lysophosphatidic acid receptor expressed in neurogenic regions of the developing cerebral cortex. J. Cell Biol. 1996, 135:1071-1083.
87. Hernandez M., Burillo S.L., Crespo M.S., Nieto M.L. Secretory phospholipase A2 activates the cascade of mitogen-activated protein kinases and cytosolic phospholipase A2 in the human astrocytoma cell line 1321N1. J. Biol. Chem. 1998, 273:606-612.
88. Hernandez M., Barrero M.J., Crespo M.S., Nieto M.L. Lysophosphatidic acid inhibits Ca2+ signaling in response to epidermal growth factor receptor stimulation in human astrocytoma cells by a mechanism involving phospholipase C(gamma) and a G(alphai) protein. J. Neurochem. 2000, 75:1575-1582.
89. Herr K.J., Herr D.R., Lee C.-W., Noguchi K., Chun J. Stereotyped fetal brain disorganization is induced by hypoxia and requires lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 (LPA1) signaling. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2011, 108:15444-15449.
90. Hildebrandt J.P., Hildebrandt P. Lysophosphatidic acid depletes intracellular calcium stores different from those mediating capacitative calcium entry in C6 rat glioma cells. Glia 1997, 19:67-73.
91. Hoelzinger D.B., Nakada M., Demuth T., Rosensteel T., Reavie L.B., Berens M.E. Autotaxin: a secreted autocrine/paracrine factor that promotes glioma invasion. J. Neurooncol 2008, 86:297-309.
92. Holtsberg F.W., Steiner M.R., Furukawa K., Keller J.N., Mattson M.P., Steiner S.M. Lysophosphatidic acid induces a sustained elevation of neuronal intracellular calcium. J. Neurochem. 1997, 69:68-75.
93. Holtsberg F.W., Steiner M.R., Keller J.N., Mark R.J., Mattson M.P., Steiner S.M. Lysophosphatidic acid induces necrosis and apoptosis in hippocampal neurons. J. Neurochem. 1998, 70:66-76.
94. Hurst J.H., Mumaw J., Machacek D.W., Sturkie C., Callihan P., Stice S.L., et al. Human neural progenitors express functional lysophospholipid receptors that regulate cell growth and morphology. BMC Neurosci. 2008, 9:118.
95. Iftinca M., Hamid J., Chen L., Varela D., Tadayonnejad R., Altier C., et al. Regulation of T-type calcium channels by Rho-associated kinase. Nat. Neurosci. 2007, 10:854-860.
96. Im D.S., Heise C.E., Harding M.A., George S.R., O'Dowd B.F., Theodorescu D., et al. Molecular cloning and characterization of a lysophosphatidic acid receptor, Edg-7, expressed in prostate. Mol. Pharmacol. 2000, 57:753-759.
97. Inoue M., Rashid M.H., Fujita R., Contos J.J., Chun J., Ueda H. Initiation of neuropathic pain requires lysophosphatidic acid receptor signaling. Nat. Med. 2004, 10:712-718.
98. Inoue M., Ma L., Aoki J., Chun J., Ueda H. Autotaxin, a synthetic enzyme of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), mediates the induction of nerve-injured neuropathic pain. Mol. Pain 2008, 4:6.
99. Inoue M., Ma L., Aoki J., Ueda H. Simultaneous stimulation of spinal NK1 and NMDA receptors produces LPC which undergoes ATX-mediated conversion to LPA, an initiator of neuropathic pain. J. Neurochem. 2008, 107:1556-1565.
100. Inoue M., Xie W., Matsushita Y., Chun J., Aoki J., Ueda H. Lysophosphatidylcholine induces neuropathic pain through an action of autotaxin to generate lysophosphatidic acid. Neuroscience 2008, 152:296-298.
101. Inoue A., Arima N., Ishiguro J., Prestwich G.D., Arai H., Aoki J. LPA-producing enzyme PA-PLA(1)alpha regulates hair follicle development by modulating EGFR signalling. EMBO J. 2011, 30:4248-4260.
102. Ishii I., Contos J.J., Fukushima N., Chun J. Functional comparisons of the lysophosphatidic acid receptors, LP(A1)/VZG-1/EDG-2, LP(A2)/EDG-4, and LP(A3)/EDG-7 in neuronal cell lines using a retrovirus expression system. Mol. Pharmacol. 2000, 58:895-902.
103. Jara-Oseguera A., Simon S.A., Rosenbaum T. TRPV1: on the road to pain relief. Curr. Mol. Pharmacol. 2008, 1:255-269.
104. Keller J.N., Steiner M.R., Mattson M.P., Steiner S.M. Lysophosphatidic acid decreases glutamate and glucose uptake by astrocytes. J. Neurochem. 1996, 67:2300-2305.
105. Kimura A., Ohmori T., Ohkawa R., Madoiwa S., Mimuro J., Murakami T., et al. Essential roles of sphingosine 1-phosphate/S1P1 receptor axis in the migration of neural stem cells toward a site of spinal cord injury. Stem Cells 2007, 25:115-124.
106. Kingsbury M.A., Rehen S.K., Contos J.J., Higgins C.M., Chun J. Non-proliferative effects of lysophosphatidic acid enhance cortical growth and folding. Nat. Neurosci. 2003, 6:1292-1299.
107. Kishi Y., Okudaira S., Tanaka M., Hama K., Shida D., Kitayama J., et al. Autotaxin is overexpressed in glioblastoma multiforme and contributes to cell motility of glioblastoma by converting lysophosphatidylcholine to lysophosphatidic acid. J. Biol. Chem. 2006, 281:17492-17500.
108. Kobashi H., Yaoi T., Oda R., Okajima S., Fujiwara H., Kubo T., et al. Lysophospholipid receptors are differentially expressed in rat terminal Schwann cells, as revealed by a single cell rt-PCR and in situ hybridization. Acta Histochem. Cytochem. 2006, 39:55-60.
109. Kooijman E.E., Chupin V., de Kruijff B., Burger K.N. Modulation of membrane curvature by phosphatidic acid and lysophosphatidic acid. Traffic 2003, 4:162-174.
110. Kotarsky K., Boketoft A., Bristulf J., Nilsson N.E., Norberg A., Hansson S., et al. Lysophosphatidic acid binds to and activates GPR92, a G protein-coupled receptor highly expressed in gastrointestinal lymphocytes. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 2006, 318:619-628.
111. Kumar J., Epstein D. Rho GTPase-mediated cytoskeletal organization in Schlemm's canal cells play a critical role in the regulation of aqueous humor outflow facility. J. Cell. Biochem. 2011, 112:600-606.
112. Kusaka S., Kapousta Bruneau N., Green D.G., Puro D.G. Serum-induced changes in the physiology of mammalian retinal glial cells: role of lysophosphatidic acid. J. Physiol. 1998, 506:445-458.
113. Lange K., Kammerer M., Saupe F., Hegi M., Grotegut S., Fluri E., et al. Combined lysophosphatidic acid/platelet-derived growth factor signaling triggers glioma cell migration in a tenascin-C microenvironment. Cancer Res. 2008, 68:6942-6952.
114. Lee C.W., Rivera R., Gardell S., Dubin A.E., Chun J. GPR92 as a new G12/13- and Gq-coupled lysophosphatidic acid receptor that increases cAMP, LPA5. J. Biol. Chem. 2006, 281:23589-23597.
115. Lee C.W., Rivera R., Dubin A.E., Chun J. LPA(4)/GPR23 is a lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor utilizing G(s)-, G(q)/G(i)-mediated calcium signaling and G(12/13)-mediated Rho activation. J. Biol. Chem. 2007, 282:4310-4317.
116. Lee S.H., Raboune S., Walker J.M., Bradshaw H.B. Distribution of endogenous farnesyl pyrophosphate and four species of lysophosphatidic Acid in rodent brain. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2010, 11:3965-3976.
117. Li Y., Gonzalez M.I., Meinkoth J.L., Field J., Kazanietz M.G., Tennekoon G.I. Lysophosphatidic acid promotes survival and differentiation of rat Schwann cells. J. Biol. Chem. 2003, 278:9585-9591.
118. Li Z.G., Yu Z.C., Yu Y.P., Ju W.P., Wang D.Z., Zhan X., et al. Lysophosphatidic Acid level and the incidence of silent brain infarction in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2010, 11:3988-3998.
119. Liliom K., Guan Z., Tseng J.-L., Desiderio D.M., Tigyi G., Watsky M.A. Growth factor-like phospholipids generated after corneal injury. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 1998, 274:C1065-C1074.
120. Linkous A., Yazlovitskaya E., Hallahan D. Cytosolic phospholipase A2 and lysophospholipids in tumor angiogenesis. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 2010, 102:1398-1412.
121. Lu W.Y., Xiong Z.G., Lei S., Orser B.A., Dudek E., Browning M.D., et al. G-protein-coupled receptors act via protein kinase C and Src to regulate NMDA receptors. Nat. Neurosci. 1999, 2:331-338.
122. Ma L., Matsumoto M., Xie W., Inoue M., Ueda H. Evidence for lysophosphatidic acid 1 receptor signaling in the early phase of neuropathic pain mechanisms in experiments using Ki-16425, a lysophosphatidic acid 1 receptor antagonist. J. Neurochem. 2009, 109:603-610.
123. Ma L., Nagai J., Ueda H. Microglial activation mediates de novo lysophosphatidic acid production in a model of neuropathic pain. J. Neurochem. 2010, 115:643-653.
124. Ma L., Uchida H., Nagai J., Inoue M., Aoki J., Ueda H. Evidence for de novo synthesis of lysophosphatidic acid in the spinal cord through phospholipase A2 and autotaxin in nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 2010, 333:540-546.
125. Maddala R., Reddy V., Epstein D., Rao V. Growth factor induced activation of Rho and Rac GTPases and actin cytoskeletal reorganization in human lens epithelial cells. Mol. Vis. 2003, 9:329-336.
126. Malchinkhuu E., Sato K., Horiuchi Y., Mogi C., Ohwada S., Ishiuchi S., et al. Role of p38 mitogen-activated kinase and c-Jun terminal kinase in migration response to lysophosphatidic acid and sphingosine-1-phosphate in glioma cells. Oncogene 2005, 24:6676-6688.
127. Manning T.J., Sontheimer H. Bovine serum albumin and lysophosphatidic acid stimulate calcium mobilization and reversal of cAMP-induced stellation in rat spinal cord astrocytes. Glia 1997, 20:163-172.
128. Matas-Rico E., Garcia-Diaz B., Llebrez-Zayas P., Lopez-Barroso D., Santin L., Pedraza C., et al. Deletion of lysophosphatidic acid receptor LPA1 reduces neurogenesis in the mouse dentate gyrus. Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 2008, 39:342-355.
129. Matsumoto N., Kitani R., Maricle A., Mueller M., Kalinec F. Pivotal role of actin depolymerization in the regulation of cochlear outer hair cell motility. Biophys. J. 2010, 99:2067-2076.
130. Matsushita T., Amagai Y., Soga T., Terai K., Obinata M., Hashimoto S. A novel oligodendrocyte cell line OLP6 shows the successive stages of oligodendrocyte development: late progenitor, immature and mature stages. Neuroscience 2005, 136:115-121.
131. McIntyre T.M., Pontsler A.V., Silva A.R., St. Hilaire A., Xu Y., Hinshaw J.C., et al. Identification of an intracellular receptor for lysophosphatidic acid (LPA): LPA is a transcellular PPARγ agonist. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2003, 100:131-136.
132. Mettu P., Deng P.-F., Misra U., Gawdi G., Epstein D., Rao P.V. Role of lysophospholipid growth factors in the modulation of aqueous humor outflow facility. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2004, 45:2263-2271.
133. Mills G.B., Moolenaar W.H. The emerging role of lysophosphatidic acid in cancer. Nat. Rev. Cancer 2003, 3:582-591.
134. Moller T., Musante D.B., Ransom B.R. Lysophosphatidic acid-induced calcium signals in cultured rat oligodendrocytes. Neuroreport 1999, 10:2929-2932.
135. Moller T., Contos J.J., Musante D.B., Chun J., Ransom B.R. Expression and function of lysophosphatidic acid receptors in cultured rodent microglial cells. J. Biol. Chem. 2001, 276:25946-25952.
136. Morishige J.-i., Urikura M., Takagi H., Hirano K., Koike T., Tanaka T., et al. A clean-up technology for the simultaneous determination of lysophosphatidic acid and sphingosine-1-phosphate by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry using a phosphate-capture molecule, Phos-tag. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 2010, 24:1075-1084.
137. Moughal N., Waters C., Valentine W., Connell M., Richardson J., Tigyi G., et al. Protean agonism of the lysophosphatidic acid receptor-1 with Ki16425 reduces nerve growth factor-induced neurite outgrowth in pheochromocytoma 12 cells. J. Neurochem. 2006, 98:1920-1929.
138. Murakami M., Shiraishi A., Tabata K., Fujita N. Identification of the orphan GPCR, P2Y(10) receptor as the sphingosine-1-phosphate and lysophosphatidic acid receptor. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2008, 371:707-712.
139. Musazzi L., Di Daniel E., Maycox P., Racagni G., Popoli M. Abnormalities in α/β-CaMKII and related mechanisms suggest synaptic dysfunction in hippocampus of LPA1 receptor knockout mice. Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol. 2011, 14:941-953.
140. Nagai J., Uchida H., Matsushita Y., Yano R., Ueda M., Niwa M., et al. Autotaxin and lysophosphatidic acid1 receptor-mediated demyelination of dorsal root fibers by sciatic nerve injury and intrathecal lysophosphatidylcholine. Mol. Pain 2010, 6:78.
141. Narita M., Goji J., Nakamura H., Sano K. Molecular cloning, expression, and localization of a brain-specific phosphodiesterase I/nucleotide pyrophosphatase (PD-I alpha) from rat brain. J. Biol. Chem. 1994, 269:28235-28242.
142. Nayagam B.A., Muniak M.A., Ryugo D.K. The spiral ganglion: connecting the peripheral and central auditory systems. Hear. Res. 2011, 278:2-20.
143. Newman E.A. Glial cell inhibition of neurons by release of ATP. J. Neurosci. 2003, 23:1659-1666.
144. Nieto-Posadas A., Picazo-Juárez G., Llorente I., Jara-Oseguera A., Morales-Lázaro S., Escalante-Alcalde D., et al. Lysophosphatidic acid directly activates TRPV1 through a C-terminal binding site. Nat. Chem. Biol. 2011, 20:78-85.
145. Nishikawa T., Tomori Y., Yamashita S., Shimizu S. Inhibition of Na+, K+-ATPase activity by phospholipase A2 and several lysophospholipids: possible role of phospholipase A2 in noradrenaline release from cerebral cortical synaptosomes. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 1989, 41:450-458.
146. Nogaroli L., Yuelling L., Dennis J., Gorse K., Payne S., Fuss B. Lysophosphatidic acid can support the formation of membranous structures and an increase in MBP mRNA levels in differentiating oligodendrocytes. Neurochem. Res. 2009, 34:182-193.
147. Noguchi K., Ishii S., Shimizu T. Identification of p2y9/GPR23 as a novel G protein-coupled receptor for lysophosphatidic acid, structurally distant from the Edg family. J. Biol. Chem. 2003, 278:25600-25606.
148. Noguchi Y., Okamoto A., Kasama T., Imajoh-Ohmi S., Karatsu T., Nogawa H. Lysophosphatidic acid cooperates with EGF in inducing branching morphogenesis of embryonic mouse salivary epithelium. Dev. Dyn. 2006, 235:403-410.
149. Oh D.Y., Yoon J.M., Moon M.J., Hwang J.-I., Choe H., Lee J.Y., et al. Identification of farnesyl pyrophosphate and N-arachidonylglycine as endogenous ligands for GPR92. J. Biol. Chem. 2008, 283:21054-21064.
150. Ohata H., Tanaka K., Aizawa H., Ao Y., Iijima T., Momose K. Lysophosphatidic acid sensitises Ca2+ influx through mechanosensitive ion channels in cultured lens epithelial cells. Cell. Signal. 1997, 9:609-616.
151. Ohuchi H., Hamada A., Matsuda H., Takagi A., Tanaka M., Aoki J., et al. Expression patterns of the lysophospholipid receptor genes during mouse early development. Dev. Dyn. 2008, 237:3280-3294.
152. Özdinler P.H., Erzurumlu R.S. Regulation of neurotrophin-induced axonal responses via Rho GTPases. J. Comp. Neurol. 2001, 438:377-387.
153. Pagés C., Girard A., Jeanneton O., Barbe P., Wolf C., Lafontan M.A.X., et al. LPA as a paracrine mediator of adipocyte growth and function. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 2000, 905:159-164.
154. Pasquar S., Salvador G., Giusto N. Involvement of lysophosphatidic acid, sphingosine 1-phosphate and ceramide 1-phosphate in the metabolization of phosphatidic acid by lipid phosphate phosphatases in bovine rod outer segments. Neurochem. Res. 2008, 33:1205-1215.
155. Pasternack S.M., von Kugelgen I., Aboud K.A., Lee Y.A., Ruschendorf F., Voss K., et al. G protein-coupled receptor P2Y5 and its ligand LPA are involved in maintenance of human hair growth. Nat. Genet. 2008, 40:329-334.
156. Pattabiraman P.P., Rao P.V. Mechanistic basis of Rho GTPase-induced extracellular matrix synthesis in trabecular meshwork cells. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 2010, 298:C749-C763.
157. Pebay A., Torrens Y., Toutant M., Cordier J., Glowinski J., Tence M. Pleiotropic effects of lysophosphatidic acid on striatal astrocytes. Glia 1999, 28:25-33.
158. Pebay A., Bonder C.S., Pitson S.M. Stem cell regulation by lysophospholipids. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 2007, 84:83-97.
159. Pilpel Y., Segal M. The role of LPA1 in formation of synapses among cultured hippocampal neurons. J. Neurochem. 2006, 97:1379-1392.
160. Pitson S.M., Pebay A. Regulation of stem cell pluripotency and neural differentiation by lysophospholipids. Neurosignals 2009, 17:242-254.
161. Postma F.R., Jalink K., Hengeveld T., Offermanns S., Moolenaar W.H. G[alpha]13 mediates activation of a depolarizing chloride current that accompanies RhoA activation in both neuronal and nonneuronal cells. Curr. Biol. 2001, 11:121-124.
162. Pyka M., Busse C., Seidenbecher C., Gundelfinger E.D., Faissner A. Astrocytes are crucial for survival and maturation of embryonic hippocampal neurons in a neuron-glia cell-insert coculture assay. Synapse 2011, 65:41-53.
163. Quincozes-Santos A., Abib R., Leite M., Bobermin D., Bambini Junior V., Gonalves C.-A., et al. Effect of the atypical neuroleptic risperidone on morphology and S100B secretion in C6 astroglial lineage cells. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 2008, 314:59-63.
164. Ramachandran C., Satpathy M., Mehta D., Srinivas S. Forskolin induces myosin light chain dephosphorylation in bovine trabecular meshwork cells. Curr. Eye Res. 2008, 33:169-176.
165. Ramakers G.J., Moolenaar W.H. Regulation of astrocyte morphology by RhoA and lysophosphatidic acid. Exp. Cell Res. 1998, 245:252-262.
166. Rao T.S., Lariosa-Willingham K.D., Lin F.F., Palfreyman E.L., Yu N., Chun J., et al. Pharmacological characterization of lysophospholipid receptor signal transduction pathways in rat cerebrocortical astrocytes. Brain Res. 2003, 990:182-194.
167. Rhee H.J., Nam J.-S., Sun Y., Kim M.-J., Choi H.-K., Han D.-H., et al. Lysophosphatidic acid stimulates cAMP accumulation and cAMP response element-binding protein phosphorylation in immortalized hippocampal progenitor cells. Neuroreport 2006, 17:523-526.
168. Roberts C., Winter P., Shilliam C.S., Hughes Z.A., Langmead C., Maycox P.R., et al. Neurochemical changes in LPA1 receptor deficient mice-a putative model of schizophrenia. Neurochem. Res. 2005, 30:371-377.
169. Rordorf G., Uemura Y., Bonventre J.V. Characterization of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity in gerbil brain: enhanced activities of cytosolic, mitochondrial, and microsomal forms after ischemia and reperfusion. J. Neurosci. 1991, 11:1829-1836.
170. Rouach N., Pebay A., Meme W., Cordier J., Ezan P., Etienne E., et al. S1P inhibits gap junctions in astrocytes: involvement of G and Rho GTPase/ROCK. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2006, 23:1453-1464.
171. Saito S. Effects of lysophosphatidic acid on primary cultured chick neurons. Neurosci. Lett. 1997, 229:73-76.
172. Salhia B., Rutten F., Nakada M., Beaudry C., Berens M., Kwan A., et al. Inhibition of Rho-kinase affects astrocytoma morphology, motility, and invasion through activation of Rac1. Cancer Res. 2005, 65:8792-8800.
173. Sanchez T., Skoura A., Wu M.T., Casserly B., Harrington E.O., Hla T. Induction of vascular permeability by the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-2 (S1P2R) and its downstream effectors ROCK and PTEN. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 2007, 27:1312-1318.
174. Santin L.J., Bilbao A., Pedraza C., Matas-Rico E., López-Barroso D., Castilla-Ortega E., et al. Behavioral phenotype of maLPA1-null mice: increased anxiety-like behavior and spatial memory deficits. Genes Brain Behav. 2009, 8:772-784.
175. Santos-Bredariol A., Belmonte M., Kihara A., Santos M., Hamassaki D. Small GTP-binding protein RhoB is expressed in glial Müller cells in the vertebrate retina. J. Comp. Neurol. 2006, 494:976-985.
176. Sato K., Malchinkhuu E., Muraki T., Ishikawa K., Hayashi K., Tosaka M., et al. Identification of autotaxin as a neurite retraction-inducing factor of PC12 cells in cerebrospinal fluid and its possible sources. J. Neurochem. 2005, 92:904-914.
177. Sato K., Horiuchi Y., Jin Y., Malchinkhuu E., Komachi M., Kondo T., et al. Unmasking of LPA1 receptor-mediated migration response to lysophosphatidic acid by interleukin-1β-induced attenuation of Rho signaling pathways in rat astrocytes. J. Neurochem. 2011, 117:164-174.
178. Savaskan N.E., Rocha L., Kotter M.R., Baer A., Lubec G., van Meeteren L.A., et al. Autotaxin (NPP-2) in the brain: cell type-specific expression and regulation during development and after neurotrauma. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 2007, 64:230-243.
179. Savitz S.I., Dhallu M.S., Malhotra S., Mammis A., Ocava L.C., Rosenbaum P.S., et al. EDG receptors as a potential therapeutic target in retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Brain Res. 2006, 1118:168-175.
180. Sayas C.L., Avila J., Wandosell F. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 is activated in neuronal cells by Galpha12 and Galpha13 by Rho-independent and Rho-dependent mechanisms. J. Neurosci. 2002, 22:6863-6875.
181. Sayas C.L., Ariaens A., Ponsioen B., Moolenaar W.H. GSK-3 Is activated by the tyrosine kinase Pyk2 during LPA1-mediated neurite retraction. Mol. Biol. Cell 2006, 17:1834-1844.
182. Schilling T., Repp H., Richter H., Koschinski A., Heinemann U., Dreyer F., et al. Lysophospholipids induce membrane hyperpolarization in microglia by activation of IKCa1 Ca(2+)-dependent K(+) channels. Neuroscience 2002, 109:827-835.
183. Schilling T., Stock C., Schwab A., Eder C. Functional importance of Ca2+-activated K+ channels for lysophosphatidic acid-induced microglial migration. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2004, 19:1469-1474.
184. Schmidt A., Wolde M., Thiele C., Fest W., Kratzin H., Podtelejnikov A.V., et al. Endophilin I mediates synaptic vesicle formation by transfer of arachidonate to lysophosphatidic acid. Nature 1999, 401:133-141.
185. Schulze C., Smales C., Rubin L.L., Staddon J.M. Lysophosphatidic acid increases tight junction permeability in cultured brain endothelial cells. J. Neurochem. 1997, 68:991-1000.
186. Scranton R.A., Fletcher L., Sprague S., Jimenez D.F., Digicaylioglu M. The rostral migratory stream plays a key role in intranasal delivery of drugs into the CNS. PLoS One 2011, 6:e18711.
187. Seasholtz T., Radeff Huang J., Sagi S., Matteo R., Weems J., Cohen A., et al. Rho-mediated cytoskeletal rearrangement in response to LPA is functionally antagonized by Rac1 and PIP2. J. Neurochem. 2004, 91:501-512.
188. Segura B., Zhang W., Xiao L., Logsdon C., Mulholland M. Sphingosine-1-phosphate induces early response gene expression in C6 glioma cells. Mol. Brain Res. 2005, 133:325-328.
189. Seung Lee W., Hong M.-P., Hoon Kim T., Kyoo Shin Y., Soo Lee C., Park M., et al. Effects of lysophosphatidic acid on sodium currents in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. Brain Res. 2005, 1035:100-104.
190. Shano S., Moriyama R., Chun J., Fukushima N. Lysophosphatidic acid stimulates astrocyte proliferation through LPA1. Neurochem. Int. 2008, 52:216-220.
191. Shin S., Mitalipova M., Noggle S., Tibbitts D., Venable A., Rao R., et al. Long-term proliferation of human embryonic stem cell-derived neuroepithelial cells using defined adherent culture conditions. Stem Cells 2006, 24:125-138.
192. Shiono S., Kawamoto K., Yoshida N., Kondo T., Inagami T. Neurotransmitter release from lysophosphatidic acid stimulated PC12 cells: involvement of lysophosphatidic acid receptors. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1993, 193:667-673.
193. Shohami E., Shapira Y., Yadid G., Reisfeld N., Yedgar S. Brain phospholipase A2 is activated after experimental closed head injury in the rat. J. Neurochem. 1989, 53:1541-1546.
194. Siess W., Zangl K.J., Essler M., Bauer M., Brandl R., Corrinth C., et al. Lysophosphatidic acid mediates the rapid activation of platelets and endothelial cells by mildly oxidized low density lipoprotein and accumulates in human atherosclerotic lesions. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1999, 96:6931-6936.
195. Skoura A., Sanchez T., Claffey K., Mandala S.M., Proia R.L., Hla T. Essential role of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2 in pathological angiogenesis of the mouse retina. J. Clin. Invest. 2007, 117:2506-2516.
196. Sorensen S.D., Nicole O., Peavy R.D., Montoya L.M., Lee C.J., Murphy T.J., et al. Common signaling pathways link activation of murine PAR-1, LPA, and S1P receptors to proliferation of astrocytes. Mol. Pharmacol. 2003, 64:1199-1209.
197. Spohr T.C.d.S.e., Choi J.W., Gardell S.E., Herr D.R., Rehen S.K., Gomes F.C.A., et al. Lysophosphatidic acid receptor-dependent secondary effects via astrocytes promote neuronal differentiation. J. Biol. Chem. 2008, 283:7470-7479.
198. Stankoff B., Barron S., Allard J., Barbin G., Noel F., Aigrot M.S., et al. Oligodendroglial expression of Edg-2 receptor: developmental analysis and pharmacological responses to lysophosphatidic acid. Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 2002, 20:415-428.
199. Steiner M.R., Holtsberg F.W., Keller J.N., Mattson M.P., Steiner S.M. Lysophosphatidic acid induction of neuronal apoptosis and necrosis. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 2000, 905:132-141.
200. Steiner M.R., Urso J.R., Klein J., Steiner S.M. Multiple astrocyte responses to lysophosphatidic acids. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2002, 1582:154-160.
201. Sugiura T., Nakane S., Kishimoto S., Waku K., Yoshioka Y., Tokumura A., et al. Occurrence of lysophosphatidic acid and its alkyl ether-linked analog in rat brain and comparison of their biological activities toward cultured neural cells. Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Mol. Cell. Biol. Lipids 1999, 1440:194-204.
202. Sumida H., Noguchi K., Kihara Y., Abe M., Yanagida K., Hamano F., et al. LPA4 regulates blood and lymphatic vessel formation during mouse embryogenesis. Blood 2010, 116:5060-5070.
203. Sun Y., Nam J.-S., Han D.-H., Kim N.-H., Choi H.-K., Lee J.K., et al. Lysophosphatidic acid induces upregulation of Mcl-1 and protects apoptosis in a PTX-dependent manner in H19-7 cells. Cell. Signal. 2010, 22:484-494.
204. Sun Y., Kim N.-H., Yang H., Kim S.-H., Huh S.-O. Lysophosphatidic acid induces neurite retraction in differentiated neuroblastoma cells via GSK-3β activation. Mol. Cells 2011, 31:483-489.
205. Svetlov S.I., Ignatova T.N., Wang K.K., Hayes R.L., English D., Kukekov V.G. Lysophosphatidic acid induces clonal generation of mouse neurospheres via proliferation of Sca-1- and AC133-positive neural progenitors. Stem Cells Dev. 2004, 13:685-693.
206. Svoboda K.K.H., Moessner P., Field T., Acevedo J. ROCK inhibitor (Y27632) increases apoptosis and disrupts the actin cortical mat in embryonic avian corneal epithelium. Dev. Dyn. 2004, 229:579-590.
207. Tabata K., Baba K., Shiraishi A., Ito M., Fujita N. The orphan GPCR GPR87 was deorphanized and shown to be a lysophosphatidic acid receptor. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2007, 363:861-866.
208. Tabuchi S., Kume K., Aihara M., Shimizu T. Expression of lysophosphatidic acid receptor in rat astrocytes: mitogenic effect and expression of neurotrophic genes. Neurochem. Res. 2000, 25:573-582.
209. Tham C.S., Lin F.F., Rao T.S., Yu N., Webb M. Microglial activation state and lysophospholipid acid receptor expression. Int. J. Dev. Neurosci. 2003, 21:431-443.
210. Thoreson W.B., Khandalavala B.N., Manahan R.G., Polyak I.A., Liu J.L., Chacko D.M. Lysophosphatidic acid stimulates proliferation of human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Curr. Eye Res. 1997, 16:698-702.
211. Thoreson W., Ryan J., Shi C., Kelly M., Bryson E., Toews M., et al. Lysophosphatidic acid receptor signaling in mammalian retinal pigment epithelial cells. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2002, 43:2450-2461.
212. Tigyi G. Aiming drug discovery at lysophosphatidic acid targets. Br. J. Pharmacol. 2010, 161:241-270.
213. Tigyi G., Dyer D.L., Miledi R. Lysophosphatidic acid possesses dual action in cell proliferation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1994, 91:1908-1912.
214. Tigyi G., Hong L., Yakubu M., Parfenova H., Shibata M., Leffler C.W. Lysophosphatidic acid alters cerebrovascular reactivity in piglets. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 1995, 268:H2048-H2055.
215. Tigyi G., Fischer D.J., Sebök Á., Yang C., Dyer D.L., Miledi R. Lysophosphatidic acid-induced neurite retraction in PC12 cells: control by phosphoinositide-Ca2+ signaling and Rho. J. Neurochem. 1996, 66:537-548.
216. Titsworth W.L., Liu N.-K., Xu X.-M. Role of secretory phospholipase a(2) in CNS inflammation: implications in traumatic spinal cord injury. CNS Neurol. Disord. Drug Targets 2008, 7:254-269.
217. Tokumura A. Metabolic pathways and physiological and pathological significances of lysolipid phosphate mediators. J. Cell. Biochem. 2004, 92:869-881.
218. Tokumura A., Majima E., Kariya Y., Tominaga K., Kogure K., Yasuda K., et al. Identification of human plasma lysophospholipase D, a lysophosphatidic acid-producing enzyme, as autotaxin, a multifunctional phosphodiesterase. J. Biol. Chem. 2002, 277:39436-39442.
219. Trimbuch T., Beed P., Vogt J., Schuchmann S., Maier N., Kintscher M., et al. Synaptic PRG-1 modulates excitatory transmission via lipid phosphate-mediated signaling. Cell 2009, 138:1222-1235.
220. Tsutsumi T., Adachi M., Nikawadori M., Morishige J., Tokumura A. Presence of bioactive lysophosphatidic acid in renal effluent of rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction. Life Sci. 2011, 89:195-203.
221. Umemura K., Yamashita N., Yu X., Arima K., Asada T., Makifuchi T., et al. Autotaxin expression is enhanced in frontal cortex of Alzheimer-type dementia patients. Neurosci. Lett. 2006, 400:97-100.
222. van Meeteren L.A., Ruurs P., Christodoulou E., Goding J.W., Takakusa H., Kikuchi K., et al. Inhibition of autotaxin by lysophosphatidic acid and sphingosine 1-phosphate. J. Biol. Chem. 2005, 280:21155-21161.
223. van Meeteren L.A., Ruurs P., Stortelers C., Bouwman P., van Rooijen M.A., Pradere J.P., et al. Autotaxin, a secreted lysophospholipase D, is essential for blood vessel formation during development. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2006, 26:5015-5022.
224. Wang D.-A., Du H., Jaggar J., Brindley D., Tigyi G., Watsky M. Injury-elicited differential transcriptional regulation of phospholipid growth factor receptors in the cornea. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 2002, 283:C1646-C1654.
225. Wang J., Carbone L., Watsky M. Receptor-mediated activation of a Cl(-) current by LPA and S1P in cultured corneal keratocytes. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2002, 43:3202-3208.
226. Watsky M.A., Griffith M.A.Y., Wang D.-A., Tigyi G.J. Phospholipid growth factors and corneal wound healing. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 2000, 905:142-158.
227. Weiner J.A., Chun J. Schwann cell survival mediated by the signaling phospholipid lysophosphatidic acid. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1999, 96:5233-5238.
228. Weiner J.A., Hecht J.H., Chun J. Lysophosphatidic acid receptor gene vzg-1/lpA1/edg-2 is expressed by mature oligodendrocytes during myelination in the postnatal murine brain. J. Comp. Neurol. 1998, 398:587-598.
229. Weiner J.A., Fukushima N., Contos J.J.A., Scherer S.S., Chun J. Regulation of Schwann cell morphology and adhesion by receptor-mediated lysophosphatidic acid signaling. J. Neurosci. 2001, 21:7069-7078.
230. Xu K.P., Yin J., Yu F.S. Lysophosphatidic acid promoting corneal epithelial wound healing by transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2007, 48:636-643.
231. Xu M.Y., Porte J., Knox A.J., Weinreb P.H., Maher T.M., Violette S.M., et al. Lysophosphatidic acid induces alpha v beta 6 integrin-mediated TGF-beta activation via the LPA2 receptor and the small G protein G alpha(q). Am. J. Pathol. 2009, 174:1264-1279.
232. Yakubu M.A., Liliom K., Tigyi G.J., Leffler C.W. Role of lysophosphatidic acid in endothelin-1- and hematoma-induced alteration of cerebral microcirculation. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 1997, 273:R703-R709.
233. Yamane M., Furuta D., Fukushima N. Lysophosphatidic acid influences initial neuronal polarity establishment. Neurosci. Lett. 2010, 480:154-157.
234. Yamazaki J., Katoh H., Negishi M. Lysophosphatidic acid and thrombin receptors require both G alpha12 and G alpha13 to regulate axonal morphology in hippocampal neurons. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 2008, 31:2216-2222.
235. Yan H., Lu D., Rivkees S.A. Lysophosphatidic acid regulates the proliferation and migration of olfactory ensheathing cells in vitro. Glia 2003, 44:26-36.
236. Yanagida K., Ishii S., Hamano F., Noguchi K., Shimizu T. LPA4/p2y9/GPR23 mediates Rho-dependent morphological changes in a rat neuronal cell line. J. Biol. Chem. 2007, 282:5814-5824.
237. Yang C., Lafleur J., Mwaikambo B.R., Zhu T., Gagnon C., Chemtob S., et al. The role of lysophosphatidic acid receptor (LPA1) in the oxygen-induced retinal ganglion cell degeneration. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2009, 50:1290-1298.
238. Ye X., Hama K., Contos J.J.A., Anliker B., Inoue A., Skinner M.K., et al. LPA3-mediated lysophosphatidic acid signalling in embryo implantation and spacing. Nature 2005, 435:104-108.
239. Yin J., Lu J., Yu F.-S.X. Role of small GTPase Rho in regulating corneal epithelial wound healing. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2008, 49:900-909.
240. Yung Y.C., Mutoh T., Lin M.-E., Noguchi K., Rivera R.R., Choi J.W., et al. Lysophosphatidic acid signaling may initiate fetal hydrocephalus. Sci. Transl. Med. 2011, 3:99ra87.
241. Zhang Z., Liu Z., Meier K. Lysophosphatidic acid as a mediator for proinflammatory agonists in a human corneal epithelial cell line. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 2006, 291:C1089-C1098.
242. Zheng Z.Q., Fang X.J., Zhang Y., Qiao J.T. Neuroprotective effect of lysophosphatidic acid on AbetaP31-35-induced apoptosis in cultured cortical neurons. Sheng Li Xue Bao: [Acta Physiol. Sin.] 2005, 57:289-294.
243. Zhou W.-L., Sugioka M., Yamashita M. Lysophosphatidic acid-induced Ca2+ mobilization in the neural retina of chick embryo. J. Neurobiol. 1999, 41:495-504.