The role of estrogen deficiency in skin ageing and wound healing

Biogerontology

Volumn 13, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 3-20

  Emmerson, Elaine ^a   Hardman, Matthew J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Ageing; Estrogen; Skin; Wound healing

Indexed keywords

ESTROGEN; ESTROGEN RECEPTOR; STEROID HORMONE;

CUTANEOUS PARAMETERS; ESTROGEN ACTIVITY; ESTROGEN DEFICIENCY; HORMONE SUBSTITUTION; LIFESPAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; WOUND HEALING;

ESTROGENS; FEMALE; HUMANS; MENOPAUSE; SKIN AGING; WOUND HEALING;

EID: 84858700225     PISSN: 13895729     EISSN: 15736768     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10522-011-9322-y     Document Type: Review

References (266)

1. Aertgeerts J (1974) Effect of oral estrogens on the skin of the woman in post-menopause or after castration. Ther Ggw 113(10):1739-1748
2. Ali S, Coombes RC (2000) Estrogen receptor alpha in human breast cancer: occurrence and significance. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 5(3):271-281 (Pubitemid 32156528)
3. Ali SS, Xiong C, Lucero J, Behrens MM, Dugan LL, Quick KL (2006) Gender differences in free radical homeostasis during aging: shorter-lived female c57bl6 mice have increased oxidative stress. Aging Cell 5(6):565-574 (Pubitemid 44782625)
4. Allsopp RC, Vaziri H, Patterson C, Goldstein S, Younglai EV, Futcher AB, Greider CW, Harley CB (1992) Telomere length predicts replicative capacity of human fibroblasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89(21):10114-10118
5. Aloisi AM, Pari G, Ceccarelli I, Vecchi I, Ietta F, Lodi L, Paulesu L (2005) Gender-related effects of chronic nonmalignant pain and opioid therapy on plasma levels of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (mif). Pain 115(1-2):142-151
6. Arai N, Strom A, Rafter JJ, Gustafsson JA (2000) Estrogen receptor beta mRNA in colon cancer cells: growth effects of estrogen and genistein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 270(2):425-431 (Pubitemid 30446852)
7. Arantes-Oliveira N, Apfeld J, Dillin A, Kenyon C (2002) Regulation of life-span by germ-line stem cells in caenorhabditis elegans. Science 295(5554):502-505 (Pubitemid 34101641)
8. Argyris TS (1983) The effect of aging on epidermal mass in balb/c female mice. Mech Ageing Dev 22(3-4):347-354
9. Arowojolu AO, Gallo MF, Lopez LM, Grimes DA, Garner SE (2009) Combined oral contraceptive pills for treatment of acne. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (3):CD004425
10. Asdell SA, Joshi SR (1976) Reproduction and longevity in the hamster and rat. Biol Reprod 14(4):478-480
11. Ashcroft GS, Mills SJ (2002) Androgen receptor-mediated inhibition of cutaneous wound healing. J Clin Invest 110(5):615-624 (Pubitemid 34988785)
12. Ashcroft GS, Dodsworth J, van Boxtel E, Tarnuzzer RW, Horan MA, Schultz GS, Ferguson MW (1997a) Estrogen accelerates cutaneous wound healing associated with an increase in tgf-beta1 levels. Nat Med 3(11):1209-1215 (Pubitemid 27508820)
13. Ashcroft GS, Herrick SE, Tarnuzzer RW, Horan MA, Schultz GS, Ferguson MW (1997b) Human ageing impairs injuryinduced in vivo expression of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (timp)-1 and -2 proteins and mrna. J Pathol 183(2):169-176 (Pubitemid 27436020)
14. Ashcroft GS, Horan MA, Ferguson MW (1997c) Aging is associated with reduced deposition of specific extracellular matrix components, an upregulation of angiogenesis, and an altered inflammatory response in a murine incisional wound healing model. J Invest Dermatol 108(4):430-437 (Pubitemid 27148277)
15. Ashcroft GS, Horan MA, Ferguson MW (1997d) The effects of ageing on wound healing: immunolocalisation of growth factors and their receptors in a murine incisional model. J Anat 190(Pt 3):351-365 (Pubitemid 27182676)
16. Ashcroft GS, Horan MA, Herrick SE, Tarnuzzer RW, Schultz GS, Ferguson MW (1997e) Age-related differences in the temporal and spatial regulation of matrix metalloproteinases (mmps) in normal skin and acute cutaneous wounds of healthy humans. Cell Tissue Res 290(3):581-591 (Pubitemid 27522258)
17. Ashcroft GS, Kielty CM, Horan MA, Ferguson MW (1997f) Age-related changes in the temporal and spatial distributions of fibrillin and elastin mrnas and proteins in acute cutaneous wounds of healthy humans. J Pathol 183(1):80-89 (Pubitemid 27368531)
18. Ashcroft GS, Horan MA, Ferguson MW (1998) Aging alters the inflammatory and endothelial cell adhesion molecule profiles during human cutaneous wound healing. Lab Invest 78(1):47-58 (Pubitemid 28074308)
19. Ashcroft GS, Greenwell-Wild T, Horan MA, Wahl SM, Ferguson MW (1999) Topical estrogen accelerates cutaneous wound healing in aged humans associated with an altered inflammatory response. Am J Pathol 155(4):1137-1146 (Pubitemid 29488922)
20. Ashcroft GS, Mills SJ, Lei K, Gibbons L, Jeong MJ, Taniguchi M, Burow M, Horan MA, Wahl SM, Nakayama T (2003) Estrogen modulates cutaneous wound healing by down-regulating macrophage migration inhibitory factor. J Clin Invest 111(9):1309-1318 (Pubitemid 36554701)
21. Ashworth JJ, Smyth JV, Pendleton N, Horan M, Payton A, Worthington J, Ollier WE, Ashcroft GS (2005) The dinucleotide (ca) repeat polymorphism of estrogen receptor beta but not the dinucleotide (ta) repeat polymorphism of estrogen receptor alpha is associated with venous ulceration. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 97(3):266-270 (Pubitemid 41607577)
22. Ashworth JJ, Smyth JV, Pendleton N, Horan M, Payton A, Worthington J, Ollier WE, Ashcroft GS (2008) Polymorphisms spanning the on exon and promoter of the estrogen receptor-beta (erbeta) gene esr2 are associated with venous ulceration. Clin Genet 73(1):55-61 (Pubitemid 350263522)
23. Atteritano M, Pernice F, Mazzaferro S, Mantuano S, Frisina A, D'Anna R, Cannata ML, Bitto A, Squadrito F, Frisina N, Buemi M (2008) Effects of phytoestrogen genistein on cytogenetic biomarkers in postmenopausal women: 1 year randomized, placebo-controlled study. Eur J Pharmacol 589(1-3):22-26
24. Aviv A, Shay J, Christensen K, Wright W (2005) The longevity gender gap: are telomeres the explanation? Sci Aging Knowledge Environ 2005(23):pe16
25. Aviv A, Valdes A, Gardner JP, Swaminathan R, Kimura M, Spector TD (2006) Menopause modifies the association of leukocyte telomere length with insulin resistance and inflammation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 91(2):635-640 (Pubitemid 43236936)
26. Baeza I, Fdez-Tresguerres J, Ariznavarreta C, De la Fuente M (2010) Effects of growth hormone, melatonin, oestrogens and phytoestrogens on the oxidized glutathione (gssg)/reduced glutathione (gsh) ratio and lipid peroxidation in aged ovariectomized rats. Biogerontology 11(6):687-701
27. Barrett-Connor E (1995) Postmenopausal estrogen and heart disease. Atherosclerosis 118(Suppl):S7-S10
28. Battegay EJ, Rupp J, Iruela-Arispe L, Sage EH, Pech M (1994) Pdgf-bb modulates endothelial proliferation and angiogenesis in vitro via pdgf beta-receptors. J Cell Biol 125(4):917-928 (Pubitemid 24151185)
29. Bayne S, Jones ME, Li H, Pinto AR, Simpson ER, Liu JP (2008) Estrogen deficiency leads to telomerase inhibition, telomere shortening and reduced cell proliferation in the adrenal gland of mice. Cell Res 18(11):1141-1150
30. Beckman KB, Ames BN (1998) The free radical theory of aging matures. Physiol Rev 78(2):547-581 (Pubitemid 28182903)
31. Berard A, Kahn SR, Abenhaim L (2001) Is hormone replacement therapy protective for venous ulcer of the lower limbs? Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 10(3):245-251 (Pubitemid 32725367)
32. Berneburg M, Grether-Beck S, Kurten V, Ruzicka T, Briviba K, Sies H, Krutmann J (1999) Singlet oxygen mediates the uva-induced generation of the photoaging-associated mitochondrial common deletion. J Biol Chem 274(22):15345-15349
33. Bhattacharyya TK, Thomas JR (2004) Histomorphologic changes in aging skin: observations in the cba mouse model. Arch Facial Plast Surg 6(1):21-25
34. Bhattacharyya TK, Merz M, Thomas JR (2005) Modulation of cutaneous aging with calorie restriction in Fischer 344 rats: a histological study. Arch Facial Plast Surg 7(1):12-16 (Pubitemid 43973835)
35. Boldt J, Huttner I, Suttner S, Kumle B, Piper SN, Berchthold G (2001) Changes of haemostasis in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery - is there a difference between elderly and younger patients? Br J Anaesth 87(3):435-440 (Pubitemid 32827480)
36. Borras C, Sastre J, Garcia-Sala D, Lloret A, Pallardo FV, Vina J (2003) Mitochondria from females exhibit higher antioxidant gene expression and lower oxidative damage than males. Free Radic Biol Med 34(5):546-552 (Pubitemid 36254828)
37. Borras C, Gambini J, Gomez-Cabrera MC, Sastre J, Pallardo FV, Mann GE, Vina J (2005) 17beta-oestradiol up-regulates longevity-related, antioxidant enzyme expression via the erk1 and erk2[mapk]/nfkappab cascade. Aging Cell 4(3):113-118 (Pubitemid 41602744)
38. Borras C, Gambini J, Gomez-Cabrera MC, Sastre J, Pallardo FV, Mann GE, Vina J (2006) Genistein, a soy isoflavone, up-regulates expression of antioxidant genes: involvement of estrogen receptors, erk1/2, and nfkappab. Faseb J 20(12):2136-2138
39. Boyd AS, Morris LF, Phillips CM, Menter MA (1996) Psoriasis and pregnancy: hormone and immune system interaction. Int J Dermatol 35(3):169-172 (Pubitemid 26098873)
40. Brand RM, Jendrzejewski JL (2008) Topical treatment with (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate and genistein after a single uv exposure can reduce skin damage. J Dermatol Sci 50(1):69-72
41. Brandenberger AW, Tee MK, Lee JY, Chao V, Jaffe RB (1997) Tissue distribution of estrogen receptors alpha (er-alpha) and beta (er-beta) mrna in the midgestational human fetus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 82(10):3509-3512 (Pubitemid 27419113)
42. Braverman IM, Fonferko E (1982) Studies in cutaneous aging: I. The elastic fiber network. J Invest Dermatol 78(5):434-443 (Pubitemid 12100911)
43. Brincat MP (2000) Hormone replacement therapy and the skin. Maturitas 35(2):107-117
44. Brincat M, Moniz CJ, Studd JW, Darby A, Magos A, Emburey G, Versi E (1985) Long-term effects of the menopause and sex hormones on skin thickness. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 92(3):256-259 (Pubitemid 15146701)
45. Brincat M, Versi E, Moniz CF, Magos A, de Trafford J, Studd JW (1987) Skin collagen changes in postmenopausal women receiving different regimens of estrogen therapy. Obstet Gynecol 70(1):123-127 (Pubitemid 17085534)
46. Broue F, Liere P, Kenyon C, Baulieu EE (2007) A steroid hormone that extends the lifespan of caenorhabditis elegans. Aging Cell 6(1):87-94 (Pubitemid 46140142)
47. Bullough HF (1947) Epidermal thickness following oestrone injections in the mouse. Nature 159(4029):101
48. Bulun SE, Zeitoun K, Sasano H, Simpson ER (1999) Aromatase in aging women. Semin Reprod Endocrinol 17(4):349-358 (Pubitemid 30256593)
49. Cai Q, Shu XO, Jin F, Dai Q, Wen W, Cheng JR, Gao YT, Zheng W (2003) Genetic polymorphisms in the estrogen receptor alpha gene and risk of breast cancer: results from the shanghai breast cancer study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 12(9):853-859 (Pubitemid 37151519)
50. Calleja M, Pena P, Ugalde C, Ferreiro C, Marco R, Garesse R (1993) Mitochondrial DNA remains intact during drosophila aging, but the levels of mitochondrial transcripts are significantly reduced. J Biol Chem 268(25):18891-18897 (Pubitemid 23273836)
51. Calmels P, Vico L, Alexandre C, Minaire P (1995) Cross-sectional study of muscle strength and bone mineral density in a population of 106 women between the ages of 44 and 87 years: relationship with age and menopause. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 70(2):180-186
52. Cameron IL (1972) Cell proliferation and renewal in aging mice. J Gerontol 27(2):162-172
53. Campbell L, Emmerson E, Davies F, Gilliver SC, Krust A, Chambon P, Ashcroft GS, Hardman MJ (2010) Estrogen promotes cutaneous wound healing via estrogen receptor beta independent of it's anti-inflammatory activities. J Exp Med 207(9):1825-1833
54. Carcenac G, Herard ME, Kergoat MJ, Lajeunesse Y, Champoux N, Barsauskas A, Kergoat H (2009) Assessment of visual function in institutionalized elderly patients. J Am Med Dir Assoc 10(1):45-49
55. Cargill SL, Carey JR, Muller HG, Anderson G (2003) Age of ovary determines remaining life expectancy in old ovariectomized mice. Aging Cell 2(3):185-190
56. Castelo-Branco C, Duran M, Gonzalez-Merlo J (1992) Skin collagen changes related to age and hormone replacement therapy. Maturitas 15(2):113-119
57. Chakravarti S, Collins WP, Forecast JD, Newton JR, Oram DH, Studd JW (1976) Hormonal profiles after the menopause. Br Med J 2(6039):784-787
58. Chen W, Zouboulis CC, Fritsch M, Blume-Peytavi U, Kodelja V, Goerdt S, Luu-The V, Orfanos CE (1998) Evidence of heterogeneity and quantitative differences of the type 1 5alpha-reductase expression in cultured human skin cells - evidence of its presence in melanocytes. J Invest Dermatol 110(1):84-89 (Pubitemid 28086070)
59. Chen W, Thiboutot D, Zouboulis CC (2002) Cutaneous androgen metabolism: basic research and clinical perspectives. J Invest Dermatol 119(5):992-1007 (Pubitemid 35430476)
60. Chiu TM, Huang CC, Lin TJ, Fang JY, Wu NL, Hung CF (2009) In vitro and in vivo anti-photoaging effects of an isoflavone extract from soybean cake. J Ethnopharmacol 126(1):108-113
61. Cho JL, Allanson M, Domanski D, Arun SJ, Reeve VE (2008) Estrogen receptor-beta signaling protects epidermal cytokine expression and immune function from uvbinduced impairment in mice. Photochem Photobiol Sci 7(1):120-125
62. Colditz GA, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, Rosner B, Speizer FE, Hennekens CH (1987) Menopause and the risk of coronary heart disease in women. N Engl J Med 316(18):1105-1110 (Pubitemid 17052498)
63. Couse JF, Lindzey J, Grandien K, Gustafsson JA, Korach KS (1997) Tissue distribution and quantitative analysis of estrogen receptor-alpha (eralpha) and estrogen receptorbeta (erbeta) messenger ribonucleic acid in the wild-type and eralpha-knockout mouse. Endocrinology 138(11):4613-4621 (Pubitemid 27460895)
64. Creidi P, Faivre B, Agache P, Richard E, Haudiquet V, Sauvanet JP (1994) Effect of a conjugated oestrogen (premarin) cream on ageing facial skin. A comparative study with a placebo cream. Maturitas 19(3):211-223 (Pubitemid 24295952)
65. D'Anna R, Cannata ML, Atteritano M, Cancellieri F, Corrado F, Baviera G, Triolo O, Antico F, Gaudio A, Frisina N, Bitto A, Polito F, Minutoli L, Altavilla D, Marini H, Squadrito F (2007) Effects of the phytoestrogen genistein on hot flushes, endometrium, and vaginal epithelium in postmenopausal women: a 1-year randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Menopause 14(4):648-655 (Pubitemid 47051957)
66. De Paula ML, Rodrigues DH, Teixeira HC, Barsante MM, Souza MA, Ferreira AP (2008) Genistein down-modulates pro-inflammatory cytokines and reverses clinical signs of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Int Immunopharmacol 8(9):1291-1297
67. Dimri GP, Hara E, Campisi J (1994) Regulation of two e2f-related genes in presenescent and senescent human fibroblasts. J Biol Chem 269(23):16180-16186 (Pubitemid 24209309)
68. Dimri GP, Lee X, Basile G, Acosta M, Scott G, Roskelley C, Medrano EE, Linskens M, Rubelj I, Pereira-Smith O et al (1995) A biomarker that identifies senescent human cells in culture and in aging skin in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92(20):9363-9367
69. Dumont M, Luu-The V, Dupont E, Pelletier G, Labrie F (1992) Characterization, expression, and immunohistochemical localization of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta 5-delta 4 isomerase in human skin. J Invest Dermatol 99(4):415-421
70. Dunna SF, Finlay AY (1989) Psoriasis: improvement during and worsening after pregnancy. Br J Dermatol 120(4):584 (Pubitemid 19101186)
71. Eicheler W, Dreher M, Hoffmann R, Happle R, Aumuller G (1995) Immunohistochemical evidence for differential distribution of 5 alpha-reductase isoenzymes in human skin. Br J Dermatol 133(3):371-376
72. Emmerson E, Campbell L, Ashcroft GS, Hardman MJ (2009) Unique and synergistic roles for 17beta-estradiol and macrophage migration inhibitory factor during cutaneous wound closure are cell type specific. Endocrinology 150(6):2749-2757
73. Emmerson E, Campbell L, Ashcroft GS, Hardman MJ (2010) The phytoestrogen genistein promotes wound healing by multiple independent mechanisms. Mol Cell Endocrinol 321(2):184-193
74. Evans WJ (2010) Skeletal muscle loss: cachexia, sarcopenia, and inactivity. Am J Clin Nutr 91(4):1123S-1127S
75. Evans JR, Schwartz SD, McHugh JD, Thamby-Rajah Y, Hodgson SA, Wormald RP, Gregor ZJ (1998) Systemic risk factors for idiopathic macular holes: a case-control study. Eye (Lond) 12(Pt 2):256-259 (Pubitemid 28263866)
76. Fiorelli G, Picariello L, Martineti V, Tonelli F, Brandi ML (1999) Functional estrogen receptor beta in colon cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 261(2):521-527 (Pubitemid 29392509)
77. Flatt T, Min KJ, D'Alterio C, Villa-Cuesta E, Cumbers J, Lehmann R, Jones DL, Tatar M (2008) Drosophila germline modulation of insulin signaling and lifespan. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105(17):6368-6373 (Pubitemid 351758352)
78. Foley EF, Jazaeri AA, Shupnik MA, Jazaeri O, Rice LW (2000) Selective loss of estrogen receptor beta in malignant human colon. Cancer Res 60(2):245-248 (Pubitemid 30070743)
79. Frasor J, Stossi F, Danes JM, Komm B, Lyttle CR, Katzenellenbogen BS (2004) Selective estrogen receptor modulators: discrimination of agonistic versus antagonistic activities by gene expression profiling in breast cancer cells. Cancer Res 64(4):1522-1533 (Pubitemid 38235626)
80. Fuchs KO, Solis O, Tapawan R, Paranjpe J (2003) The effects of an estrogen and glycolic acid cream on the facial skin of postmenopausal women: a randomized histologic study. Cutis 71(6):481-488 (Pubitemid 37229774)
81. Fukaya S, Iwamoto T, Kin K, Takasaki M (2000) Factors influencing platelet function in elderly patients with chronic phase thrombotic diseases. Nippon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi 37(8):619-626
82. Gal P, Novotny M, Vasilenko T, Depta F, Sulla I, Tomori Z (2010) Decrease in wound tensile strength following postsurgical estrogen replacement therapy in ovariectomized rats during the early phase of healing is mediated via eralpha rather than er-beta: a preliminary report. J Surg Res 159(1):e25-e28
83. Gates BJ, Sonnett TE, Duvall CA, Dobbins EK (2009) Review of osteoporosis pharmacotherapy for geriatric patients. Am J Geriatr Pharmacother 7(6):293-323
84. Gerisch B, Antebi A (2004) Hormonal signals produced by daf-9/cytochrome p450 regulate c. Elegans dauer diapause in response to environmental cues. Development 131(8):1765-1776 (Pubitemid 38559844)
85. Gerisch B, Weitzel C, Kober-Eisermann C, Rottiers V, Antebi A (2001) A hormonal signaling pathway influencing c. Elegans metabolism, reproductive development, and life span. Dev Cell 1(6):841-851 (Pubitemid 33586137)
86. Giangreco A, Qin M, Pintar JE, Watt FM (2008) Epidermal stem cells are retained in vivo throughout skin aging. Aging Cell 7(2):250-259 (Pubitemid 351359657)
87. Gilchrest BA (1983) In vitro assessment of keratinocyte aging. J Invest Dermatol 81(1 Suppl):184s-189s
88. Gilchrest BA, Murphy GF, Soter NA (1982a) Effect of chronologic aging and ultraviolet irradiation on langerhans cells in human epidermis. J Invest Dermatol 79(2):85-88 (Pubitemid 12099517)
89. Gilchrest BA, Stoff JS, Soter NA (1982b) Chronologic aging alters the response to ultraviolet-induced inflammation in human skin. J Invest Dermatol 79(1):11-15 (Pubitemid 12081092)
90. Gilchrest BA, Szabo G, Flynn E, Goldwyn RM (1983) Chronologic and actinically induced aging in human facial skin. J Invest Dermatol 80 Suppl:81s-85s (Pubitemid 13063568)
91. Gilliver SC, Wu F, Ashcroft GS (2003) Regulatory roles of androgens in cutaneous wound healing. Thromb Haemost 90(6):978-985 (Pubitemid 38004415)
92. Gilliver SC, Ashworth JJ, Mills SJ, Hardman MJ, Ashcroft GS (2006) Androgens modulate the inflammatory response during acute wound healing. J Cell Sci 119(Pt 4):722-732
93. Gilliver SC, Ruckshanthi JP, Hardman MJ, Zeef LA, Ashcroft GS (2009) 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (dht) retards wound closure by inhibiting re-epithelialization. J Pathol 217(1):73-82
94. Goldzieher JW (1949) The direct effect of steroids on the senile human skin. J Gerontol 4(2):104-112
95. Gragnani A, Warde M, Furtado F, Ferreira LM (2009) Topical tamoxifen therapy in hypertrophic scars or keloids in burns. Arch Dermatol Res 302(1):1-4
96. Gurwitz JH (2005) The age/gender interface in geriatric pharmacotherapy. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 14(1):68-72
97. Haratake A, Uchida Y, Mimura K, Elias PM, Holleran WM (1997) Intrinsically aged epidermis displays diminished uvb-induced alterations in barrier function associated with decreased proliferation. J Invest Dermatol 108(3):319-323 (Pubitemid 27116231)
98. Hardman MJ, Ashcroft GS (2008) Estrogen, not intrinsic aging, is the major regulator of delayed human wound healing in the elderly. Genome Biol 9(5):R80
99. Hardman MJ, Waite A, Zeef L, Burow M, Nakayama T, Ashcroft GS (2005) Macrophage migration inhibitory factor: a central regulator of wound healing. Am J Pathol 167(6):1561-1574 (Pubitemid 41713310)
100. Hardman MJ, Emmerson E, Campbell L, Ashcroft GS (2008) Selective estrogen receptor modulators accelerate cutaneous wound healing in ovariectomized female mice. Endocrinology 149(2):551-557 (Pubitemid 351159336)
101. Harley CB (1991) Telomere loss: mitotic clock or genetic time bomb? Mutat Res 256(2-6):271-282
102. Harman D (1956) Aging: a theory based on free radical and radiation chemistry. J Gerontol 11(3):298-300
103. Havlikova H, Hill M, Hampl R, Starka L (2002) Sex- and age-related changes in epitestosterone in relation to pregnenolone sulfate and testosterone in normal subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87(5):2225-2231 (Pubitemid 34521513)
104. Hazelton GA, Lang CA (1984) Glutathione levels during the mosquito life span with emphasis on senescence. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 176(3):249-256 (Pubitemid 15201510)
105. Hederstierna C, Hultcrantz M, Collins A, Rosenhall U (2007) Hearing in women at menopause. Prevalence of hearing loss, audiometric configuration and relation to hormone replacement therapy. Acta Otolaryngol 127(2):149-155
106. Hederstierna C, Hultcrantz M, Collins A, Rosenhall U (2010) The menopause triggers hearing decline in healthy women. Hear Res 259(1-2):31-35
107. Henneman DH (1968) Effect of estrogen on in vivo and in vitro collagen biosynthesis and maturation in old and young female guinea pigs. Endocrinology 83(4):678-690
108. Herndon JG, Tigges J, Anderson DC, Klumpp SA, McClure HM (1999) Brain weight throughout the life span of the chimpanzee. J Comp Neurol 409(4):567-572 (Pubitemid 29258762)
109. Herrick S, Ashcroft G, Ireland G, Horan M, McCollum C, Ferguson M (1997) Up-regulation of elastase in acute wounds of healthy aged humans and chronic venous leg ulcers are associated with matrix degradation. Lab Invest 77(3):281-288 (Pubitemid 27413540)
110. Herynk MH, Fuqua SA (2004) Estrogen receptor mutations in human disease. Endocr Rev 25(6):869-898 (Pubitemid 39657771)
111. Hill MW (1988) Influence of age on the morphology and transit time of murine stratified squamous epithelia. Arch Oral Biol 33(4):221-229
112. Holzenberger M, Dupont J, Ducos B, Leneuve P, Geloen A, Even PC, Cervera P, Le Bouc Y (2003) Igf-1 receptor regulates lifespan and resistance to oxidative stress in mice. Nature 421(6919):182-187 (Pubitemid 36090987)
113. Hosono R, Nishimoto S, Kuno S (1989) Alterations of life span in the nematode caenorhabditis elegans under monoxenic culture conditions. Exp Gerontol 24(3):251-264 (Pubitemid 19154170)
114. Hsin H, Kenyon C (1999) Signals from the reproductive system regulate the lifespan of c. Elegans. Nature 399(6734):362-366 (Pubitemid 29318134)
115. Hu SK, Mitcho YL, Rath NC (1988) Effect of estradiol on interleukin 1 synthesis by macrophages. Int J Immunopharmacol 10(3):247-252
116. Hughes SV, Robinson E, Bland R, Lewis HM, Stewart PM, Hewison M (1997) 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 regulates estrogen metabolism in cultured keratinocytes. Endocrinology 138(9):3711-3718 (Pubitemid 27351920)
117. Humphries S, Stevens DJ (2001) Reproductive biology. Out with a bang. Nature 410(6830):758-759
118. Imanishi T, Hano T, Nishio I (2005a) Estrogen reduces angiotensin ii-induced acceleration of senescence in endothelial progenitor cells. Hypertens Res 28(3):263-271 (Pubitemid 40812612)
119. Imanishi T, Hano T, Nishio I (2005b) Estrogen reduces endothelial progenitor cell senescence through augmentation of telomerase activity. J Hypertens 23(9):1699-1706 (Pubitemid 41233430)
120. Iversen OH, Schjoelberg AR (1984) Age-related changes of epidermal cell kinetics in the hairless mouse. Virchows Arch B Cell Pathol Incl Mol Pathol 46(1-2):135-143 (Pubitemid 14089563)
121. Jacobsen BK, Nilssen S, Heuch I, Kvale G (1997) Does age at natural menopause affect mortality from ischemic heart disease? J Clin Epidemiol 50(4):475-479 (Pubitemid 27223277)
122. Jia K, Albert PS, Riddle DL (2002) Daf-9, a cytochrome p450 regulating c. Elegans larval development and adult longevity. Development 129(1):221-231 (Pubitemid 34863790)
123. Kenyon C, Chang J, Gensch E, Rudner A, Tabtiang R (1993) A c. Elegans mutant that lives twice as long as wild type. Nature 366(6454):461-464 (Pubitemid 24013878)
124. Kimura KD, Tissenbaum HA, Liu Y, Ruvkun G (1997) Daf-2, an insulin receptor-like gene that regulates longevity and diapause in caenorhabditis elegans. Science 277(5328):942-946 (Pubitemid 27366677)
125. Klass MR (1977) Aging in the nematode caenorhabditis elegans: major biological and environmental factors influencing life span. Mech Ageing Dev 6(6):413-429
126. Kligman AM, Koblenzer C (1997) Demographics and psychological implications for the aging population. Dermatol Clin 15(4):549-553 (Pubitemid 27462873)
127. Kovacs EJ, Faunce DE, Ramer-Quinn DS, Mott FJ, Dy PW, Frazier-Jessen MR (1996) Estrogen regulation of je/mcp-1 mrna expression in fibroblasts. J Leukoc Biol 59(4):562-568 (Pubitemid 26155299)
128. Krunic D, Moshir S, Greulich-Bode KM, Figueroa R, Cerezo A, Stammer H, Stark HJ, Gray SG, Nielsen KV, Hartschuh W, Boukamp P (2009) Tissue context-activated telomerase in human epidermis correlates with little age-dependent telomere loss. Biochim Biophys Acta 1792(4):297-308
129. Ku HH, Brunk UT, Sohal RS (1993) Relationship between mitochondrial superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production and longevity of mammalian species. Free Radic Biol Med 15(6):621-627 (Pubitemid 23353411)
130. Kuiper GG, Enmark E, Pelto-Huikko M, Nilsson S, Gustafsson JA (1996) Cloning of a novel receptor expressed in rat prostate and ovary. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93(12):5925-5930 (Pubitemid 26190778)
131. Kuiper GG, Carlsson B, Grandien K, Enmark E, Haggblad J, Nilsson S, Gustafsson JA (1997) Comparison of the ligand binding specificity and transcript tissue distribution of estrogen receptors alpha and beta. Endocrinology 138(3):863-870 (Pubitemid 27089735)
132. Kukull WA, Higdon R, Bowen JD, McCormick WC, Teri L, Schellenberg GD, van Belle G, Jolley L, Larson EB (2002) Dementia and alzheimer disease incidence: a prospective cohort study. Arch Neurol 59(11):1737-1746 (Pubitemid 35340484)
133. Labrie F, Belanger A, Cusan L, Gomez JL, Candas B (1997) Marked decline in serum concentrations of adrenal c19 sex steroid precursors and conjugated androgen metabolites during aging. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 82(8):2396-2402 (Pubitemid 27337846)
134. Labrie F, Martel C, Balser J (2011) Wide distribution of the serum dehydroepiandrosterone and sex steroid levels in postmenopausal women: role of the ovary? Menopause 18(1):30-43
135. Lane MA, Ball SS, Ingram DK, Cutler RG, Engel J, Read V, Roth GS (1995) Diet restriction in rhesus monkeys lowers fasting and glucose-stimulated glucoregulatory end points. Am J Physiol 268(5 Pt 1):E941-E948
136. Larsen PL, Albert PS, Riddle DL (1995) Genes that regulate both development and longevity in caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 139(4):1567-1583
137. Lavker RM (1979) Structural alterations in exposed and unexposed aged skin. J Invest Dermatol 73(1):59-66
138. Lenhardt R, Hopf HW, Marker E, Akca O, Kurz A, Scheuenstuhl H, Sessler DI (2000) Perioperative collagen deposition in elderly and young men and women. Arch Surg 135(1):71-74 (Pubitemid 30043984)
139. Liang H, Masoro EJ, Nelson JF, Strong R, McMahan CA, Richardson A (2003) Genetic mouse models of extended lifespan. Exp Gerontol 38(11-12):1353-1364 (Pubitemid 38041223)
140. Lin SJ, Kaeberlein M, Andalis AA, Sturtz LA, Defossez PA, Culotta VC, Fink GR, Guarente L (2002) Calorie restriction extends saccharomyces cerevisiae lifespan by increasing respiration. Nature 418(6895):344-348 (Pubitemid 34790687)
141. Lindblad U, Langer RD, Wingard DL, Thomas RG, Barrett-Connor EL (2001) Metabolic syndrome and ischemic heart disease in elderly men and women. Am J Epidemiol 153(5):481-489 (Pubitemid 32185085)
142. Lindstedt E, Sandblom P (1975) Wound healing in man: tensile strength of healing wounds in some patient groups. Ann Surg 181(6):842-846
143. Ling S, Zhou L, Li H, Dai A, Liu JP, Komesaroff PA, Sudhir K (2006) Effects of 17beta-estradiol on growth and apoptosis in human vascular endothelial cells: influence of mechanical strain and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Steroids 71(9):799-808 (Pubitemid 44062602)
144. Loeser AA (1937) The resorption and action of follicular hormone rubbed into the skin. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Emp 44:710
145. Lokkegaard E, Jovanovic Z, Heitmann BL, Keiding N, Ottesen B, Pedersen AT (2006) The association between early menopause and risk of ischaemic heart disease: influence of hormone therapy. Maturitas 53(2):226-233 (Pubitemid 41820516)
146. Longcope C (1971) Metabolic clearance and blood production rates of estrogens in postmenopausal women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 111(6):778-781
147. 2, and basal and maximum aerobic capacity. Mech Ageing Dev 70(3):177-199
148. Lundgren D (1973) Influence of estrogen and progesterone on exudation, inflammatory cell migration and granulation tissue formation in preformed cavities. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg 7(1):10-14
149. Lye M, Donnellan C (2000) Heart disease in the elderly. Heart 84(5):560-566
150. Magnusson U, Einarsson S (1990) Effects of exogenous oestradiol on the number and functional capacity of circulating mononuclear and polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the sow. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 25(3):235-247 (Pubitemid 20246227)
151. Mair W, Goymer P, Pletcher SD, Partridge L (2003) Demography of dietary restriction and death in drosophila. Science 301(5640):1731-1733 (Pubitemid 37174368)
152. Mak HY, Ruvkun G (2004) Intercellular signaling of reproductive development by the c. Elegans daf-9 cytochrome p450. Development 131(8):1777-1786 (Pubitemid 38559845)
153. Makrantonaki E, Vogel K, Fimmel S, Oeff M, Seltmann H, Zouboulis CC (2008) Interplay of igf-i and 17beta-estradiol at age-specific levels in human sebocytes and fibroblasts in vitro. Exp Gerontol 43(10):939-946
154. Margolis DJ, Knauss J, Bilker W (2002) Hormone replacement therapy and prevention of pressure ulcers and venous leg ulcers. Lancet 359(9307):675-677 (Pubitemid 34203771)
155. Marini H, Polito F, Altavilla D, Irrera N, Minutoli L, Calo M, Adamo EB, Vaccaro M, Squadrito F, Bitto A (2010) Genistein aglycone improves skin repair in an incisional model of wound healing: a comparison with raloxifene and oestradiol in ovariectomized rats. Br J Pharmacol 160(5):1185-1194
156. Mason JB, Cargill SL, Anderson GB, Carey JR (2009) Transplantation of young ovaries to old mice increased life span in transplant recipients. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 64(12):1207-1211
157. Matsumoto T (2006) Selective estrogen receptor modulators (serms). Clin Calcium 16(9):100-105
158. McCay CM, Crowell MF, Maynard LA (1935) The effect of retarded growth upon the length of the lifespan and upon the ultimate body size. J Nutr 10:63-79
159. McCulloch D, Gems D (2003) Evolution of male longevity bias in nematodes. Aging Cell 2(3):165-173
160. Melton LJ III, Chrischilles EA, Cooper C, Lane AW, Riggs BL (1992) Perspective. How many women have osteoporosis? J Bone Miner Res 7(9):1005-1010
161. Mendoza CB Jr, Postlethwait RW, Johnson WD (1970) Veterans administration cooperative study of surgery for duodenal ulcer. Ii. Incidence of wound disruption following operation. Arch Surg 101(3):396-398
162. Mets T, Bekaert E, Verdonk G (1983) Similarity between in vitro and in vivo cellular aging. Mech Ageing Dev 22(1):71-78 (Pubitemid 13017478)
163. Miller JG, Mac Neil S (1997) Gender and cutaneous melanoma. Br J Dermatol 136(5):657-665 (Pubitemid 27278070)
164. Mills SJ, Ashworth JJ, Gilliver SC, Hardman MJ, Ashcroft GS (2005) The sex steroid precursor dhea accelerates cutaneous wound healing via the estrogen receptors. J Invest Dermatol 125(5):1053-1062
165. Miquel J, Economos AC, Fleming J, Johnson JE Jr (1980) Mitochondrial role in cell aging. Exp Gerontol 15(6):575-591 (Pubitemid 11243249)
166. Mitchell RE (1967) Chronic solar dermatosis: a light and electron microscopic study of the dermis. J Invest Dermatol 48(3):203-220
167. Monteiro-Riviere NA, Banks YB, Birnbaum LS (1991) Laser Doppler measurements of cutaneous blood flow in ageing mice and rats. Toxicol Lett 57(3):329-338
168. Moraes AB, Haidar MA, Soares JMJ, Simoes MJ, Baracat EC, Patriarca MT (2009) The effects of topical isoflavones on postmenopausal skin: double-blind and randomized clinical trial of efficacy. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 146:188-192
169. Morales DE, McGowan KA, Grant DS, Maheshwari S, Bhartiya D, Cid MC, Kleinman HK, Schnaper HW (1995) Estrogen promotes angiogenic activity in human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro and in a murine model. Circulation 91(3):755-763
170. Morin GB (1989) The human telomere terminal transferase enzyme is a ribonucleoprotein that synthesizes ttaggg repeats. Cell 59(3):521-529
171. Morris GM, van den Aardweg GJ, Hamlet R, Whitehouse E, Hopewell JW, Franke H, Loeffler M (1990) Age-related changes in the cell kinetics of rat foot epidermis. Cell Tissue Kinet 23(2):113-123 (Pubitemid 20242687)
172. Morrison JH, Brinton RD, Schmidt PJ, Gore AC (2006) Estrogen, menopause, and the aging brain: how basic neuroscience can inform hormone therapy in women. J Neurosci 26(41):10332-10348 (Pubitemid 44564581)
173. Mosselman S, Polman J, Dijkema R (1996) Er beta: identification and characterization of a novel human estrogen receptor. FEBS Lett 392(1):49-53 (Pubitemid 26268330)
174. Motola DL, Cummins CL, Rottiers V, Sharma KK, Li T, Li Y, Suino-Powell K, Xu HE, Auchus RJ, Antebi A, Mangelsdorf DJ (2006) Identification of ligands for daf-12 that govern dauer formation and reproduction in c. Elegans. Cell 124(6):1209-1223
175. Mousavi SR, Raaiszadeh M, Aminseresht M, Behjoo S (2010) Evaluating tamoxifen effect in the prevention of hypertrophic scars following surgical incisions. Dermatol Surg 36(5):665-669
176. Nyman S (1971) Studies on the influence of estradiol and progesterone on granulation tissue. J Periodontal Res Suppl 7:1-24
177. Ogawa S, Inoue S, Watanabe T, Hiroi H, Orimo A, Hosoi T, Ouchi Y, Muramatsu M (1998) The complete primary structure of human estrogen receptor beta (her beta) and its heterodimerization with er alpha in vivo and in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 243(1):122-126 (Pubitemid 28414201)
178. Onoe Y, Miyaura C, Ohta H, Nozawa S, Suda T (1997) Expression of estrogen receptor beta in rat bone. Endocrinology 138(10):4509-4512 (Pubitemid 27408505)
179. Owsley C, McGwin G, Scilley K, Meek GC, Dyer A, Seker D (2007) The visual status of older persons residing in nursing homes. Arch Ophthalmol 125(7):925-930 (Pubitemid 47076430)
180. Pickar JH, Macneil T, Ohleth K (2010) Serms: progress and future perspectives. Maturitas 67(2):129-138
181. Pierard-Franchimont C, Letawe C, Goffin V, Pierard GE (1995) Skin water-holding capacity and transdermal estrogen therapy for menopause: a pilot study. Maturitas 22(2):151-154
182. Pillai S, Oresajo C, Hayward J (2005) Ultraviolet radiation and skin aging: roles of reactive oxygen species, inflammation and protease activation, and strategies for prevention of inflammation-induced matrix degradation-a review. Int J Cosmet Sci 27(1):17-34 (Pubitemid 40313411)
183. Pinto RE, Bartley W (1968) Changes in glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase activities in rat liver related to age and sex. Biochem J 109(3):34P
184. Pinto RE, Bartley W (1969) The effect of age and sex on glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase activities and on aerobic glutathione oxidation in rat liver homogenates. Biochem J 112(1):109-115
185. Pletcher SD, Macdonald SJ, Marguerie R, Certa U, Stearns SC, Goldstein DB, Partridge L (2002) Genome-wide transcript profiles in aging and calorically restricted drosophila melanogaster. Curr Biol 12(9):712-723 (Pubitemid 34455424)
186. Pochi PE, Strauss JS, Downing DT (1979)Age-related changes in sebaceous gland activity. J Invest Dermatol 73(1):108-111 (Pubitemid 10136119)
187. Punnonen R (1971) On the effect of castration and peroral estrogen therapy on the skin. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 9(Suppl 9):32
188. Punnonen R, Vaajalahti P, Teisala K (1987) Local oestriol treatment improves the structure of elastic fibers in the skin of postmenopausal women. Ann Chir Gynaecol Suppl 202:39-41
189. Qiu Y, Waters CE, Lewis AE, Langman MJ, Eggo MC (2002) Oestrogen-induced apoptosis in colonocytes expressing oestrogen receptor beta. J Endocrinol 174(3):369-377
190. Rajabi MA, Rajabi F (2007) The effect of estrogen on wound healing in rats. Pak J Med Sci 23(3):349-352 (Pubitemid 47015986)
191. Ramsey JJ, Colman RJ, Binkley NC, Christensen JD, Gresl TA, Kemnitz JW, Weindruch R (2000) Dietary restriction and aging in rhesus monkeys: the University of Wisconsin study. Exp Gerontol 35(9-10):1131-1149
192. Reed GA, Tawfik O, Casparian JM (2005) Immunohistochemical analysis of steroid hormone receptors and structural proteins in skin: effects of aging and hormone status. J Appl Res 5(2):371-377 (Pubitemid 40962182)
193. Rezzi S, Martin FP, Shanmuganayagam D, Colman RJ, Nicholson JK, Weindruch R (2009) Metabolic shifts due to long-term caloric restriction revealed in nonhuman primates. Exp Gerontol 44(5):356-362
194. Richard S, Querleux B, Bittoun J, Jolivet O, Idy-Peretti I, de Lacharriere O, Leveque JL (1993) Characterization of the skin in vivo by high resolution magnetic resonance imaging: water behavior and age-related effects. J Invest Dermatol 100(5):705-709 (Pubitemid 23128370)
195. Sadoun E, Reed MJ (2003) Impaired angiogenesis in aging is associated with alterations in vessel density, matrix composition, inflammatory response, and growth factor expression. J Histochem Cytochem 51(9):1119-1130 (Pubitemid 37059523)
196. Sadowska-Krowicka H, Mannick EE, Oliver PD, Sandoval M, Zhang XJ, Eloby-Childess S, Clark DA, Miller MJ (1998) Genistein and gut inflammation: role of nitric oxide. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 217(3):351-357
197. Sakuraoka K, Tajima S, Seyama Y, Teramoto K, Ishibashi M (1996) Analysis of connective tissue macromolecular components in ishibashi rat skin: role of collagen and elastin in cutaneous aging. J Dermatol Sci 12(3):232-237 (Pubitemid 26290409)
198. Sandblom P, Petersen P, Muren A (1953) Determination of the tensile strength of the healing wound as a clinical test. Acta Chir Scand 105(1-4):252-257
199. Sanz A, Hiona A, Kujoth GC, Seo AY, Hofer T, Kouwenhoven E, Kalani R, Prolla TA, Barja G, Leeuwenburgh C (2007) Evaluation of sex differences on mitochondrial bioenergetics and apoptosis in mice. Exp Gerontol 42(3):173-182 (Pubitemid 46127775)
200. Sastre J, Pallardo FV, Vina J (2000) Mitochondrial oxidative stress plays a key role in aging and apoptosis. IUBMB Life 49(5):427-435 (Pubitemid 30436178)
201. Sato R, Maesawa C, Fujisawa K, Wada K, Oikawa K, Takikawa Y, Suzuki K, Oikawa H, Ishikawa K, Masuda T (2004) Prevention of critical telomere shortening by oestradiol in human normal hepatic cultured cells and carbon tetrachloride induced rat liver fibrosis. Gut 53(7):1001-1009 (Pubitemid 38824160)
202. Savvas M, Bishop J, Laurent G, Watson N, Studd J (1993) Type iii collagen content in the skin of postmenopausal women receiving oestradiol and testosterone implants. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 100(2):154-156 (Pubitemid 23062237)
203. Sawaya ME, Penneys NS (1992) Immunohistochemical distribution of aromatase and 3b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in human hair follicle and sebaceous gland. J Cutan Pathol 19(4):309-314
204. Schmidt JB, Binder M, Macheiner W, Kainz C, Gitsch G, Bieglmayer C (1994) Treatment of skin ageing symptoms in perimenopausal females with estrogen compounds. A pilot study. Maturitas 20(1):25-30 (Pubitemid 24339444)
205. Schmidt JB, Binder M, Demschik G, Bieglmayer C, Reiner A (1996) Treatment of skin aging with topical estrogens. Int J Dermatol 35(9):669-674 (Pubitemid 26298333)
206. Schneider EL, Mitsui Y (1976) The relationship between in vitro cellular aging and in vivo human age. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 73(10):3584-3588
207. Schroeder P, Gremmel T, Berneburg M, Krutmann J (2008) Partial depletion of mitochondrial DNA from human skin fibroblasts induces a gene expression profile reminiscent of photoaged skin. J Invest Dermatol 128(9):2297-2303
208. Seibel J, Molzberger AF, Hertrampf T, Laudenbach-Leschowski U, Diel P (2009) Oral treatment with genistein reduces the expression of molecular and biochemical markers of inflammation in a rat model of chronic tnbsinduced colitis. Eur J Nutr 48(4):213-220
209. Selman C, Lingard S, Choudhury AI, Batterham RL, Claret M, Clements M, Ramadani F, Okkenhaug K, Schuster E, Blanc E, Piper MD, Al-Qassab H, Speakman JR, Carmignac D, Robinson IC, Thornton JM, Gems D, Partridge L, Withers DJ (2008) Evidence for lifespan extension and delayed age-related biomarkers in insulin receptor substrate 1 null mice. FASEB J 22(3):807-818 (Pubitemid 351348133)
210. Shaw TJ, Martin P (2009) Wound repair at a glance. J Cell Sci 122(Pt 18):3209-3213
211. Shuster S, Black MM, McVitie E (1975) The influence of age and sex on skin thickness, skin collagen and density. Br J Dermatol 93(6):639-643
212. Shyong EQ, Lu Y, Lazinsky A, Saladi RN, Phelps RG, Austin LM, Lebwohl M, Wei H (2002) Effects of the isoflavone 40,5,7-trihydroxyisoflavone (genistein) on psoralen plus ultraviolet a radiation (puva)-induced photodamage. Carcinogenesis 23(2):317-321 (Pubitemid 34224009)
213. Siesky BA, Harris A, Patel C, Klaas CL, Harris M, McCranor LJ, Lauer J, Kaplan B (2008) Comparison of visual function and ocular hemodynamics between pre- and postmenopausal women. Eur J Ophthalmol 18(2):320-323 (Pubitemid 351692200)
214. Simon AF, Shih C, Mack A, Benzer S (2003) Steroid control of longevity in drosophila melanogaster. Science 299(5611):1407-1410 (Pubitemid 36254656)
215. Simonen O, Mikkola T (1991) Senile osteoporosis and femoral neck fractures in long-stay institutions. Calcif Tissue Int 49 Suppl:S78-S79
216. Simpkins JW, Yang SH, Wen Y, Singh M (2005) Estrogens, progestins, menopause and neurodegeneration: basic and clinical studies. Cell Mol Life Sci 62(3):271-280 (Pubitemid 40379242)
217. Simpson ER, Zhao Y, Agarwal VR, Michael MD, Bulun SE, Hinshelwood MM, Graham-Lorence S, Sun T, Fisher CR, Qin K, Mendelson CR (1997) Aromatase expression in health and disease. Recent Prog Horm Res 52:185-213 (discussion 213-184)
218. Smith QT, Allison DJ (1966) Changes of collagen content in skin, femur and uterus of 17-beta-estradiol benzoatetreated rats. Endocrinology 79(3):486-492
219. Sobel H, Lee KD, Hewlett MJ (1965) Effect of estrogen on acid glycosaminoglycans in skin of mice. Biochim Biophys Acta 101(2):225-229
220. Son ED, Lee JY, Lee S, Kim MS, Lee BG, Chang IS, Chung JH (2005) Topical application of 17beta-estradiol increases extracellular matrix protein synthesis by stimulating tgf-beta signaling in aged human skin in vivo. J Invest Dermatol 124(6):1149-1161 (Pubitemid 40847401)
221. Stanford JL, Hartge P, Brinton LA, Hoover RN, Brookmeyer R (1987) Factors influencing the age at natural menopause. J Chronic Dis 40(11):995-1002 (Pubitemid 17153888)
222. Stanulis-Praeger BM, Gilchrest BA (1986) Growth factor responsiveness declines during adulthood for human skinderived cells. Mech Ageing Dev 35(2):185-198 (Pubitemid 16059158)
223. Stanulis-Praeger BM, Gilchrest BA (1989) Effect of donor age and prior sun exposure on growth inhibition of cultured human dermal fibroblasts by all trans-retinoic acid. J Cell Physiol 139(1):116-124 (Pubitemid 19120278)
224. Stevenson S, Sharpe DT, Thornton MJ (2009) Effects of oestrogen agonists on human dermal fibroblasts in an in vitro wounding assay. Exp Dermatol 18(11):988-990
225. Sthoeger ZM, Zinger H, Mozes E (2003) Beneficial effects of the anti-oestrogen tamoxifen on systemic lupus erythematosus of (nzbxnzw)f1 female mice are associated with specific reduction of igg3 autoantibodies. Ann Rheum Dis 62(4):341-346 (Pubitemid 36363441)
226. Stindl R (2004) Tying it all together: telomeres, sexual size dimorphism and the gender gap in life expectancy. Med Hypotheses 62(1):151-154
227. Sugimoto M, Yamashita R, Ueda M (2006) Telomere length of the skin in association with chronological aging and photoaging. J Dermatol Sci 43(1):43-47 (Pubitemid 43817491)
228. Sumino H, Ichikawa S, Abe M, Endo Y, Ishikawa O, Kurabayashi M (2004) Effects of aging, menopause, and hormone replacement therapy on forearm skin elasticity in women. J Am Geriatr Soc 52(6):945-949 (Pubitemid 38789065)
229. Sumino H, Ichikawa S, Kasama S, Takahashi T, Kumakura H, Takayama Y, Kanda T, Murakami M, Kurabayashi M (2009) Effects of raloxifene and hormone replacement therapy on forearm skin elasticity in postmenopausal women. Maturitas 62(1):53-57
230. Surazynski A, Jarzabek K, Haczynski J, Laudanski P, Palka J, Wolczynski S (2003) Differential effects of estradiol and raloxifene on collagen biosynthesis in cultured human skin fibroblasts. Int J Mol Med 12(5):803-809
231. Suthers K, Kim JK, Crimmins E (2003) Life expectancy with cognitive impairment in the older population of the United States. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 58(3):S179-S186 (Pubitemid 36548766)
232. Taguchi A, Wartschow LM, White MF (2007) Brain irs2 signaling coordinates life span and nutrient homeostasis. Science 317(5836):369-372 (Pubitemid 47106376)
233. Tatar M, Kopelman A, Epstein D, Tu MP, Yin CM, Garofalo RS (2001) A mutant drosophila insulin receptor homolog that extends life-span and impairs neuroendocrine function. Science 292(5514):107-110 (Pubitemid 32289137)
234. Thiboutot D, Martin P, Volikos L, Gilliland K (1998) Oxidative activity of the type 2 isozyme of 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17beta-hsd) predominates in human sebaceous glands. J Invest Dermatol 111(3):390-395 (Pubitemid 28400082)
235. Thiboutot D, Bayne E, Thorne J, Gilliland K, Flanagan J, Shao Q, Light J, Helm K (2000) Immunolocalization of 5alphareductase isozymes in acne lesions and normal skin. Arch Dermatol 136(9):1125-1129
236. Thiers BH, Maize JC, Spicer SS, Cantor AB (1984) The effect of aging and chronic sun exposure on human langerhans cell populations. J Invest Dermatol 82(3):223-226 (Pubitemid 14197331)
237. Thomas JR (2005) Effects of age and diet on rat skin histology. Laryngoscope 115(3):405-411
238. Thornton MJ, Taylor AH, Mulligan K, Al-Azzawi F, Lyon CC, O'Driscoll J, Messenger AG (2003a) The distribution of estrogen receptor beta is distinct to that of estrogen receptor alpha and the androgen receptor in human skin and the pilosebaceous unit. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc 8(1):100-103 (Pubitemid 36903281)
239. Thornton MJ, Taylor AH, Mulligan K, Al-Azzawi F, Lyon CC, O'Driscoll J, Messenger AG (2003b) Oestrogen receptor beta is the predominant oestrogen receptor in human scalp skin. Exp Dermatol 12(2):181-190 (Pubitemid 36939119)
240. Tian DS, Liu JL, Xie MJ, Zhan Y, Qu WS, Yu ZY, Tang ZP, Pan DJ, Wang W (2009) Tamoxifen attenuates inflammatory-mediated damage and improves functional outcome after spinal cord injury in rats. J Neurochem 109(6):1658-1667
241. Tiganescu A, Walker EA, Hardy RS, Mayes AE, Stewart PM (2011) Localization, age- and site-dependent expression, and regulation of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in skin. J Invest Dermatol 131(1):30-36
242. Toutain CE, Brouchet L, Raymond-Letron I, Vicendo P, Berges H, Favre J, Fouque MJ, Krust A, Schmitt AM, Chambon P, Gourdy P, Arnal JF, Lenfant F (2009) Prevention of skin flap necrosis by estradiol involves reperfusion of a protected vascular network. Circ Res 104(2):245-254 (212p following 254)
243. Tresguerres JA, Kireev R, Tresguerres AF, Borras C, Vara E, Ariznavarreta C (2008) Molecular mechanisms involved in the hormonal prevention of aging in the rat. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 108(3-5):318-326 (Pubitemid 351179643)
244. Trichopoulos D, MacMahon B, Cole P (1972) Menopause and breast cancer risk. J Natl Cancer Inst 48(3):605-613
245. Tsoureli-Nikita E, Watson RE, Griffiths CE (2006) Photoageing: the darker side of the sun. Photochem Photobiol Sci 5(2):160-164 (Pubitemid 43228042)
246. Tsukahara K, Moriwaki S, Ohuchi A, Fujimura T, Takema Y (2001) Ovariectomy accelerates photoaging of rat skin. Photochem Photobiol 73(5):525-531 (Pubitemid 33720366)
247. Tsukahara K, Nakagawa H, Moriwaki S, Kakuo S, Ohuchi A, Takema Y, Imokawa G (2004) Ovariectomy is sufficient to accelerate spontaneous skin ageing and to stimulate ultraviolet irradiation-induced photoageing of murine skin. Br J Dermatol 151(5):984-994 (Pubitemid 39573886)
248. Varani J, Spearman D, Perone P, Fligiel SE, Datta SC, Wang ZQ, Shao Y, Kang S, Fisher GJ, Voorhees JJ (2001) Inhibition of type i procollagen synthesis by damaged collagen in photoaged skin and by collagenase-degraded collagen in vitro. Am J Pathol 158(3):931-942 (Pubitemid 32221785)
249. Varila E, Rantala I, Oikarinen A, Risteli J, Reunala T, Oksanen H, Punnonen R (1995) The effect of topical oestradiol on skin collagen of postmenopausal women. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 102(12):985-989 (Pubitemid 26014994)
250. Verdier-Sevrain S, Yaar M, Cantatore J, Traish A, Gilchrest BA (2004) Estradiol induces proliferation of keratinocytes via a receptor mediated mechanism. FASEB J 18(11):1252-1254 (Pubitemid 39561567)
251. Vina J, Borras C, Gambini J, Sastre J, Pallardo FV (2005) Why females live longer than males? Importance of the upregulation of longevity-associated genes by oestrogenic compounds. FEBS Lett 579(12):2541-2545 (Pubitemid 40626754)
252. Vukelic S, Stojadinovic O, Pastar I, Rabach M, Krzyzanowska A, Lebrun E, Davis SC, Resnik S, Brem H, Tomic-CanicM (2011) Cortisol synthesis in epidermis is induced by IL-1 and tissue injury. J Biol Chem. doi:10.1074/jbc.M110.188268
253. Waetjen LE, Ye J, Feng WY, Johnson WO, Greendale GA, Sampselle CM, Sternfield B, Harlow SD, Gold EB (2009) Association between menopausal transition stages and developing urinary incontinence. Obstet Gynecol 114(5):989-998
254. Walter P, Green S, Greene G, Krust A, Bornert JM, Jeltsch JM, Staub A, Jensen E, Scrace G, Waterfield M et al (1985) Cloning of the human estrogen receptor cdna. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82(23):7889-7893 (Pubitemid 16179869)
255. Wang E (1995) Senescent human fibroblasts resist programmed cell death, and failure to suppress bcl2 is involved. Cancer Res 55(11):2284-2292
256. Wang YN, Wu W, Chen HC, Fang H (2010) Genistein protects against uvb-induced senescence-like characteristics in human dermal fibroblast by p66shc down-regulation. J Dermatol Sci 58(1):19-27
257. Weinstein BE, Ventry IM (1982) Hearing impairment and social isolation in the elderly. J Speech Hear Res 25(4):593-599 (Pubitemid 13106520)
258. Weinstock MA (1994) Epidemiologic investigation of nonmelanoma skin cancer mortality: the Rhode Island followback study. J Invest Dermatol 102(6):6S-9S (Pubitemid 24210357)
259. Wich SA, Utami-Atmoko SS, Setia TM, Rijksen HD, Schurmann C, van Hooff JA, van Schaik CP (2004) Life history of wild sumatran orangutans (pongo abelii). J Hum Evol 47(6):385-398 (Pubitemid 39621468)
260. Widyarini S, Spinks N, Husband AJ, Reeve VE (2001) Isoflavonoid compounds from red clover (trifolium pratense) protect from inflammation and immune suppression induced by UV radiation. Photochem Photobiol 74(3):465-470
261. Williams ME, Pannill FC III (1982) Urinary incontinence in the elderly: physiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Ann Intern Med 97(6):895-907 (Pubitemid 13240574)
262. Yamawaki TM, Berman JR, Suchanek-Kavipurapu M, McCormick M, Maria Gaglia M, Lee SJ, Kenyon C (2010) The somatic reproductive tissues of c. Elegans promote longevity through steroid hormone signaling. PLoS Biol 8(8):e1000468
263. Yancik R, Ganz PA, Varricchio CG, Conley B (2001) Perspectives on comorbidity and cancer in older patients: approaches to expand the knowledge base. J Clin Oncol 19(4):1147-1151 (Pubitemid 32176292)
264. Yang JZ, O'Flatharta C, Harvey BJ, Thomas W (2008) Membrane eralpha-dependent activation of pkcalpha in endometrial cancer cells by estradiol. Steroids 73(11):1110-1122
265. Zou K, Ing NH (1998) Oestradiol up-regulates oestrogen receptor, cyclophilin, and glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA concentrations in endometrium, but down-regulates them in liver. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 64(5-6):231-237 (Pubitemid 28221625)
266. Zouboulis CC, Seltmann H, Hiroi N, Chen W, Young M, Oeff M, Scherbaum WA, Orfanos CE, McCann SM, Bornstein SR (2002) Corticotropin-releasing hormone: an autocrine hormone that promotes lipogenesis in human sebocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99(10):7148-7153 (Pubitemid 34526270)