Hormone replacement therapy and the skin

Maturitas

Volumn 35, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 107-117

  Brincat, Mark P ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

^b Faculty of Medicine and Surgery   (Malta)

Author keywords

Estrogens; Hormone replacement therapy; Skin

Indexed keywords

COLLAGEN; ESTROGEN; ESTROGEN RECEPTOR;

ARTICLE; ESTROGEN THERAPY; EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX; HUMAN; MENOPAUSE; MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY; OVARY FOLLICLE CELL; SKIN; SKIN BLOOD FLOW; SKINFOLD THICKNESS;

EID: 0034729071     PISSN: 03785122     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0378-5122(00)00097-9     Document Type: Review

References (72)

1. Metabolism of collagen and elastin. In: Florkin M, Neuberger A, Van Dienen LLM (Eds.), Comprehensive Biochemistry 19, Bi:5. Elsevier Scientific, pp 408-431.
2. Molecular Biology of The Cell. Alberts B, Bray D, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K, Watson JD, (Eds.) Garland Publishing, New York.
3. MacLean A.B., Nicol L.A., Hodgins M.B. Immunohistochemical localization of estrogen receptors in the vulva and vagina. J. Reprod. Med. 35(11):1990;1015-1016.
4. Jemec G.B., Wojnarowska F. The distribution of p29 protein in normal human skin. Br. J. Dermatol. 117(2):1987;217-224.
5. Hodgins M.B., Spike R.C., Mackie R.M., MacLean A.B. An immunohistochemical study of androgen, oestrogen and progesterone receptors in the vulva and vagina. Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 105(2):1998;216-222.
6. Schmidt J.B., Lindmaier A., Spona J. Hormone receptors in pubic skin of premenopausal and postmenopausal females. Gynecol. Obstet. Invest. 30(2):1990;97-100.
7. Rauramo L., Punnonen R. Wirking einer oralen estrogentherapie mit oestriolsuccinat auf die haut hastierter (Effect of oral estrogen treatment with estriol succinate on the skin of castrated women). Z. Haut. Geschlechtskr. 44(13):1969;463-470.
8. Punnonen R. On the effect of castration and peroral estrogen therapy on the skin. Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand. Suppl. 9(Suppl. 9):1971;32.
9. Albright F., Bloomberg E., Smith P.H. Postmenopausal osteoporosis. Trans. Assoc. Am. Phys. 55:1940;298-305.
10. McConkey B., Fraser G.R., Bligh A.S., Whitely M. Transparent skin and osteoporosis. Lancet. 1:1963;693-695.
11. Grosman N., Hvidberg E., Schou J. The effect of oestrogenic treatment on the acid mucopolysaccharide pattern in skin of mice. Acta. Pharmacol. Toxicol. (Copenh). 30(5):1971;458-464.
12. Varila E., Rantala I., Oikarinen A. et al. The effect of topical oestradiol on skin collagen of postmenopausal women. Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 102(12):1995;985-989.
13. Tan C.Y., Statham B., Marks R., Payne P.A. Skin thickness measurement by pulsed ultrasound: its reproducibility, validation and variability. Br. J. Dermatol. 106(6):1982;657-667.
14. Brincat M., Moniz C.J., Studd J.W. et al. Long-term effects of the menopause and sex hormones on skin thickness. Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 92(3):1985;256-259.
15. Meschia M, Bruschi F, Amicarelli F, Barbacini P, Monza GC, Crossignani PG. Transdermal hormone replacement therapy and skin in postmenopausal women, a placebo controlled study. Menopause 1:79-82.
16. Maheux R., Naud F., Rioux M. et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study on the effect of conjugated estrogens on skin thickness. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 170(2):1994;642-649.
17. Brincat M., Moniz C.F., Kabalan S. et al. Decline in skin collagen content and metacarpal index after the menopause and its prevention with sex hormone replacement. Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 94(2):1987;126-129.
18. Brincat M., Kabalan S., Studd J.W., Moniz C.F., de Trafford J., Montgomery J. A study of the decrease of skin collagen content, skin thickness, and bone mass in the postmenopausal woman. Obstet. Gynecol. 70(6):1987;840-845.
19. Boucek RJ, Noble NL, Woessner Jr JF. Properties of fibroblasts. In: Page, IH (Ed.), Connective tissue thrombosis and atherosclerosis. Academic Press, New York, pp 193-211.
20. Danforth D.N., Veis A., Breen M., Weinstein H.G., Buckingham J.C., Manalo P. The effect of pregnancy and labor on the human cervix:changes in collagen, glycoproteins, and glycosaminoglycans. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 120(5):1974;641-651.
21. Goldzieher MA. The effects of oestrogens on the senile skin J. Gerontol 1,196.
22. Black M.M., Shuster S., Bottoms E. Osteoporosis, skin collagen, and androgen. Br. Med. J. 4(738):1970;773-774.
23. Shuster S., Black M.M., Bottoms E. Skin collagen and thickness in women with hirsuties. Br. Med. J. 4(738):1970;772.
24. Shuster S., Bottoms E. Senile degeneration of skin collagen. Clin. Sci. 25:1963;487-491.
25. Shuster S., Black M.M., McVitie E. The influence of age and sex on skin thickness, skin collagen and density. Br. J. Dermatol. 93(6):1975;639-663.
26. Hall D.A., Reed F.B., Nuki G., Vince J.D. The relative effects of age and corticosteroid therapy on the collagen profiles of dermis from subjects with rheumatoid arthritis. Age Ageing. 3(1):1974;15-22.
27. Brincat M., Moniz C.F., Studd J.W., Darby A.J., Magos A., Cooper D. Sex hormones and skin collagen content in postmenopausal women. Br. Med. J. (Clin. Res. Ed). 287(6402):1983;1337-1338.
28. Brincat M., Versi E., O'Dowd T. et al. Skin collagen changes in post-menopausal women receiving oestradiol gel. Maturitas. 9(1):1987;1-5.
29. Brincat M., Versi E., Moniz C.F., Magos A., de Trafford J., Studd J.W. Skin collagen changes in postmenopausal women receiving different regimens of estrogen therapy. Obstet. Gynecol. 70(1):1987;123-127.
30. O'Leary A., Bowen-Simpkins P., Tejura H., Rajesh U. Are high levels of oestradiol after implants associated with features of dependence? Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 106(9):1999;960-963.
31. Castelo-Branco C., Duran M., Gonzalez-Merlo J. Skin collagen changes related to age and hormone replacement therapy. Maturitas. 15(2):1992;113-119.
32. Shahrad P., Marks R. A pharmacological effect of oestrone on human epidermis. Br. J. Dermatol. 97(4):1977;383-386.
33. Savvas M., Bishop J., Laurent G., Watson N., Studd J. Type III collagen content in the skin of postmenopausal women receiving oestradiol and testosterone implants. Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 100(2):1993;154-156.
34. Haapasaari K.M., Raudaskoski T., Kallioinen M. et al. Systemic therapy with estrogen or estrogen with progestin has no effect on skin collagen in postmenopausal women. Maturitas. 27(2):1997;153-162.
35. Holland E.F., Studd J.W., Mansell J.P., Leather A.T., Bailey A.J. Changes in collagen composition and cross-links in bone and skin of osteoporotic postmenopausal women treated with percutaneous estradiol implants. Obstet. Gynecol. 83(2):1994;180-183.
36. Brincat M., Galea R., Baron Y.M., Xuereb A. Changes in bone collagen markers and in bone density in hormone treated and untreated postmenopausal women. Maturitas. 27(2):1997;171-177.
37. Goodrich S.M., Wood J.E. The effect of estradiol-17-beta on peripheral venous distensibility and velocity of venous blood flow. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 96(3):1966;407-412.
38. Harvell J., Hussona Saeed I., Maibach H.I. Changes in transepidermal water loss and cutaneous blood flow during the menstrual cycle. Contact Dermatitis. 27(5):1992;294-301.
39. Haenggi W., Linder H.R., Birkhaeuser M.H., Schneider H. Microscopic findings of the nail-fold capillaries - dependence on menopausal status and hormone replacement therapy. Maturitas. 22(1):1995;37-46.
40. Arora S., Veves A., Caballaro A.E., Smakowski P., LoGerfo F.W. Estrogen improves endothelial function (discussion 1147). J. Vasc. Surg. 27(6):1998;1141-1146.
41. Brooks Asplund E.M., Kenney W.L. Chronic hormone replacement therapy does not alter resting or maximal skin blood flow. J. Appl. Physiol. 85(2):1998;505-510.
42. Ginsburg J., Hardiman P., O'Reilly B. Peripheral blood flow in menopausal women who have hot flushes and in those who do not. Br. Med. J. 298(6686):1989;1488-1490.
43. Brincat M., de Trafford J.C., Lafferty K., Studd J.W. Peripheral vasomotor control and menopausal flushing - a preliminary report. Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 91(11):1984;1107-1110.
44. Brincat M, Galea R, Muscat Baron Y. A screening model for osteoporosis using dermal skin thickness and bone densitometry. In: (Wren BG (Eds), Progress in the management of the Menopause. Proceedings of the 8th International Congress on the Menopause, Sydney, Australia, 1996.
45. Shelley W.B., Shelley E.D., Talanin N.Y., Santoso Pham J. Estrogen dermatitis. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 32(1):1995;25-31.
46. Kim K.H., Yoon T.J., Oh C.W., Kim T.H. A case of estrogen dermatitis. J. Dermatol. 24(5):1997;332-336.
47. Leylek O.A., Unlü S., Oztürkcan S., Cetin A., Sahin M., Yildiz E. Estrogen dermatitis. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 72(1):1997;97-103.
48. Paquet F., Piérard Franchimont C., Fumal I., Goffin V., Paye M., Piérard G.E. Sensitive skin at menopause; dew point and electrometric properties of the stratum corneum. Maturitas. 28(3):1998;221-227.
49. O' Neill S., Kirkegard Y. An Australian experience of transdermal oestradiol patches in a subtropical climate. Aust. N. Z. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 33(3):1993;327-329.
50. McCarthy T., Dramusic V., Ratnam S. Use of two types of estradiol-releasing skin patches for menopausal patients in a tropical climate. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 166(6 Pt 2):1992;2005-2010.
51. Corson S.L. Clinical experience with Systen, a new transdermal form of hormone replacement therapy. Int. J. Fertil. Menopausal Stud. 38(Suppl. 1):1993;36-44.
52. Oh H.S., Smart R.C. An estrogen receptor pathway regulates the telogen-anagen hair follicle transition and influences epidermal cell proliferation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 93(22):1996;12525-12530.
53. Kossard S., Lee M.S., Wilkinson B. Postmenopausal frontal fibrosing alopecia: a frontal variant of lichen planopilaris. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 36(1):1997;59-66.
54. Wallace M.L., Smoller B.R. Estrogen and progesterone receptors in androgenic alopecia versus alopecia areata. Am. J. Dermatopathol. 20(2):1998;160-163.
55. Anttinen H., Orava S., Ryhänen L., Kivirikko K.I. Assay of protocollagen lysyl hydroxylase activity in the skin of human subjects and changes in the activity with age. Clin. Chim. Acta. 47(2):1973;289-294.
56. Henry F., Piérard Franchimont C., Cauwenbergh G., Piérard G.E. Age-related changes in facial skin contours and rheology. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 45(2):1997;220-222.
57. Piérard G.E., Letawe C., Dowlati A., Piérard Franchimont C. Effect of hormone replacement therapy for menopause on the mechanical properties of skin. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 43(6):1995;662-665.
58. Dunn L.B., Damesyn M., Moore A.A., Reuben D.B., Greendale G.A. Does estrogen prevent skin aging? Results from the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES. I). Arch. Dermatol. 133(3):1997;339-342.
59. Castelo Branco C., Figueras F., Martínez de Osaba M.J., Vanrell J.A. Facial wrinkling in postmenopausal women. Effects of smoking status and hormone replacement therapy. Maturitas. 29(1):1998;75-86.
60. Schmidt J.B., Binder M., Macheiner W., Bieglmayer C. New treatment of atrophic acne scars by iontophoresis with estriol and tretinoin. Int. J. Dermatol. 34(1):1995;53-57.
61. Ashcroft G.S., Dodsworth J., van Boxtel E. et al. Estrogen accelerates cutaneous wound healing associated with anincrease in TGF-beta1 levels. Nat. Med. 3(11):1997;1209-1215.
62. Cohen C., DeRose P.B., Campbell W.G., Schlosnagle D.C., Sgoutas D. Estrogen receptor status in malignant melanoma. Am. J. Dermatopathol. 12(6):1990;562-564.
63. Stoica A., Hoffman M., Marta L., Voiculetz N. Estradiol and progesterone receptors in human cutaneous melanoma. Neoplasma. 38(2):1991;137-145.
64. Walker M.J., Beattie C.W., Patel M.K., Ronan S.M., Das Gupta T.K. Estrogen receptor in malignant melanoma. J. Clin. Oncol. 5(8):1987;1256-1261.
65. Franceschi S., Barón A.E., La Vecchia C. The influence of female hormones on malignant melanoma. Tumori. 76(5):1990;439-449.
66. Miller J.G., Gee J., Price A., Garbe C., Wagner M., Mac Neil S. Investigation of oestrogen receptors, sex steroids and soluble adhesion molecules in the progression of malignant melanoma. Melanoma Res. 7(3):1997;197-208.
67. Smith M.A., Fine J.A., Barnhill R.L., Berwick M. Hormonal and reproductive influences and risk of melanoma in women. Int. J. Epidemiol. 27(5):1998;751-757.
68. Hartmann B.W., Huber J.C. The mythology of hormone replacement therapy (see comments). Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 104(22):1997;163-168.
69. Ellis D.L., Nanney L.B., King Jr L.E. Increased epidermal growth factor receptors in seborrheic keratoses and acrochordons of patients with the dysplastic nevus syndrome. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 23(6 Pt 1):1990;1070-1077.
70. Hanby A.M., McKee P., Jeffery M. et al. Primary mucinous carcinomas of the skin express TFF1, TFF3, estrogen receptor, and progesterone receptors. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 22(9):1998;1125-1131.
71. Lui W., Zhang S., Hu T., Wei F., Gao Y., Cheng N. Sex hormone receptors of hemangiomas in children. Chin. Med. J. (Engl). 110(5):1997;349-351.
72. Ockner D.M., Sayadi H., Swanson P.E., Ritter J.H., Wick M.R. Genital angiomyofibroblastoma. Comparison with aggressive angiomyxoma and other myxoid neoplasms of skin and soft tissue. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 107(1):1997;36-44.