메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 300, Issue , 2012, Pages 212-221

Evolutionary dynamics in finite populations can explain the full range of cooperative behaviors observed in the centipede game

Author keywords

Backwards induction; Evolution of cooperation; Evolutionary game theory; Fixed length games; Weak selection

Indexed keywords

BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY; COOPERATIVE BEHAVIOR; EVOLUTIONARY THEORY; GAME THEORY; NATURAL SELECTION; POPULATION MODELING; STOCHASTICITY;

EID: 84856802823     PISSN: 00225193     EISSN: 10958541     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2012.01.011     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (35)

References (80)
  • 1
    • 60449093877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strategy abundance in 2×2 games for arbitrary mutation rates
    • Antal T., Nowak M.A., Traulsen A. Strategy abundance in 2×2 games for arbitrary mutation rates. J. Theor. Biol. 2009, 257:340-344.
    • (2009) J. Theor. Biol. , vol.257 , pp. 340-344
    • Antal, T.1    Nowak, M.A.2    Traulsen, A.3
  • 3
    • 79955465124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rates of cultural change and patterns of cultural accumulation in stochastic models of social transmission
    • Aoki K., Lehmann L., Feldman M.W. Rates of cultural change and patterns of cultural accumulation in stochastic models of social transmission. Theor. Populat. Biol. 2011, 79:192-202. 10.1016/j.tpb.2011.02.001.
    • (2011) Theor. Populat. Biol. , vol.79 , pp. 192-202
    • Aoki, K.1    Lehmann, L.2    Feldman, M.W.3
  • 4
    • 0019480612 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of cooperation
    • Axelrod R., Hamilton W.D. The evolution of cooperation. Science 1981, 211:1390-1396.
    • (1981) Science , vol.211 , pp. 1390-1396
    • Axelrod, R.1    Hamilton, W.D.2
  • 5
    • 0002986789 scopus 로고
    • On the non-existence of a rationality definition for extensive games
    • Basu K. On the non-existence of a rationality definition for extensive games. Int. J. Game Theory 1990, 19:33-44.
    • (1990) Int. J. Game Theory , vol.19 , pp. 33-44
    • Basu, K.1
  • 6
    • 84974211904 scopus 로고
    • Modeling rational players
    • Binmore K. Modeling rational players. Econ. Philos. 1987, 3:179-214.
    • (1987) Econ. Philos. , vol.3 , pp. 179-214
    • Binmore, K.1
  • 7
    • 20944433221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cooperation among strangers with limited information about reputation
    • Bolton G.E., Katok E., Ockenfels A. Cooperation among strangers with limited information about reputation. J. Publ. Econ. 2005, 89:1457-1468. 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2004.03.008.
    • (2005) J. Publ. Econ. , vol.89 , pp. 1457-1468
    • Bolton, G.E.1    Katok, E.2    Ockenfels, A.3
  • 8
    • 10644277740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individual and group decisions in the centipede game: are groups more rational players?
    • Bornstein G., Kugler T., Ziegelmeyer A. Individual and group decisions in the centipede game: are groups more rational players?. J. Exp. Soc. Psychol. 2004, 40:599-605.
    • (2004) J. Exp. Soc. Psychol. , vol.40 , pp. 599-605
    • Bornstein, G.1    Kugler, T.2    Ziegelmeyer, A.3
  • 9
    • 0002908620 scopus 로고
    • An evolutionary model of social learning: the effects of spatial and temporal variation
    • Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Hillsdale, NJ, T.R. Zentall, B.G.J. Galef (Eds.)
    • Boyd R., Richerson P.J. An evolutionary model of social learning: the effects of spatial and temporal variation. Social Learning: Psychological and Biological Perspectives 1988, 29-48. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Hillsdale, NJ. T.R. Zentall, B.G.J. Galef (Eds.).
    • (1988) Social Learning: Psychological and Biological Perspectives , pp. 29-48
    • Boyd, R.1    Richerson, P.J.2
  • 12
    • 0001698231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dynamic (in)stability of backwards induction
    • Cressman R., Schlag K.H. The dynamic (in)stability of backwards induction. J. Econ. Theory 83 1998, 260-285.
    • (1998) J. Econ. Theory 83 , pp. 260-285
    • Cressman, R.1    Schlag, K.H.2
  • 13
    • 33645727808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cooperation under the shadow of the future: experimental evidence from infinitely repeated games
    • Dal Bó P. Cooperation under the shadow of the future: experimental evidence from infinitely repeated games. Am. Econ. Rev. 2005, 95:1591-1604.
    • (2005) Am. Econ. Rev. , vol.95 , pp. 1591-1604
    • Dal Bó, P.1
  • 14
    • 79952128429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of cooperation in infinitely repeated games: experimental evidence
    • Dal Bó P., Fréchette G.R. The evolution of cooperation in infinitely repeated games: experimental evidence. Am. Econ. Rev. 2011, 101:411-429.
    • (2011) Am. Econ. Rev. , vol.101 , pp. 411-429
    • Dal Bó, P.1    Fréchette, G.R.2
  • 15
    • 72649105670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trust and cooperation among economic agents
    • Dasgupta P. Trust and cooperation among economic agents. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B: Biol. Sci. 2009, 364:3301-3309. 10.1098/rstb.2009.0123.
    • (2009) Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B: Biol. Sci. , vol.364 , pp. 3301-3309
    • Dasgupta, P.1
  • 17
    • 84858285057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Communication and coordination: the case of boundedly rational players. Mimeo.
    • Ellingsen, T., Östling, R., 2007. Communication and coordination: the case of boundedly rational players. Mimeo.
    • (2007)
    • Ellingsen, T.1    Östling, R.2
  • 18
    • 0027431553 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of cooperation in mobile organisms
    • Enquist M., Leimar O. The evolution of cooperation in mobile organisms. Anim. Behav. 1993, 45:747-757. 10.1006/anbe.1993.1089.
    • (1993) Anim. Behav. , vol.45 , pp. 747-757
    • Enquist, M.1    Leimar, O.2
  • 19
    • 0000404565 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of one-shot cooperation: an experiment
    • Frank R.H., Gilovich T., Regan D.T. The evolution of one-shot cooperation: an experiment. Ethol. Sociobiol. 1993, 14:247-256.
    • (1993) Ethol. Sociobiol. , vol.14 , pp. 247-256
    • Frank, R.H.1    Gilovich, T.2    Regan, D.T.3
  • 20
    • 0028581257 scopus 로고
    • The prisoner's dilemma without synchrony
    • Frean, M.R., 1994. The prisoner's dilemma without synchrony. Proceedings: Biological Sciences 257, pp. 75-79.
    • (1994) Proceedings: Biological Sciences , vol.257 , pp. 75-79
    • Frean, M.R.1
  • 21
    • 0000028492 scopus 로고
    • The Folk theorem in repeated games with discounting or with incomplete information
    • Fudenberg D., Maskin E. The Folk theorem in repeated games with discounting or with incomplete information. Econometrica 1986, 54:533-554.
    • (1986) Econometrica , vol.54 , pp. 533-554
    • Fudenberg, D.1    Maskin, E.2
  • 22
    • 0000507016 scopus 로고
    • Evolution and cooperation in noisy repeated games
    • Fudenberg D., Maskin E. Evolution and cooperation in noisy repeated games. Am. Econ. Rev. 1990, 80:274-279.
    • (1990) Am. Econ. Rev. , vol.80 , pp. 274-279
    • Fudenberg, D.1    Maskin, E.2
  • 23
    • 0039054526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring players' losses in experimental games
    • Fudenberg D., Levine D.K. Measuring players' losses in experimental games. Q. J. Econ. 1997, 112:507-536.
    • (1997) Q. J. Econ. , vol.112 , pp. 507-536
    • Fudenberg, D.1    Levine, D.K.2
  • 24
    • 33750031286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imitation processes with small mutations
    • Fudenberg D., Imhof L.A. Imitation processes with small mutations. J. Econ. Theory 2006, 131:251-262.
    • (2006) J. Econ. Theory , vol.131 , pp. 251-262
    • Fudenberg, D.1    Imhof, L.A.2
  • 25
    • 84859956990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Slow to anger and fast to forgive: cooperation in an uncertain world
    • in press.
    • Fudenberg, D., Rand, D.G., Dreber, A., in press. Slow to anger and fast to forgive: cooperation in an uncertain world. Am. Econ. Rev.
    • Am. Econ. Rev.
    • Fudenberg, D.1    Rand, D.G.2    Dreber, A.3
  • 26
    • 0038246078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cycles of learning in the centipede game
    • Giovanni P. Cycles of learning in the centipede game. Games Econ. Behav. 2000, 30:115-141. 10.1006/game.1998.0707.
    • (2000) Games Econ. Behav. , vol.30 , pp. 115-141
    • Giovanni, P.1
  • 27
    • 0032883116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stochastic game theory: For playing games, not just for doing theory
    • ỳ, doi:10.1073/pnas.96.19.10564.
    • Goeree, J.K., Holt, C.A., 1999. Stochastic game theory: For playing games, not just for doing theory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 96, pp. 10564-10567ỳ, doi:10.1073/pnas.96.19.10564.
    • (1999) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , vol.96 , pp. 10564-10567
    • Goeree, J.K.1    Holt, C.A.2
  • 28
    • 34347372907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Via freedom to coercion: the emergence of costly punishment
    • Hauert C., Traulsen A., Brandt H., Nowak M.A., Sigmund K. Via freedom to coercion: the emergence of costly punishment. Science 2007, 316:1905-1907.
    • (2007) Science , vol.316 , pp. 1905-1907
    • Hauert, C.1    Traulsen, A.2    Brandt, H.3    Nowak, M.A.4    Sigmund, K.5
  • 29
    • 62649155153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The outbreak of cooperation among success-driven individuals under noisy conditions
    • doi:10.1073/pnas.0811503106.
    • Helbing, D., Yu, W., 2009. The outbreak of cooperation among success-driven individuals under noisy conditions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106, pp. 3680-3685, doi:10.1073/pnas.0811503106.
    • (2009) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , vol.106 , pp. 3680-3685
    • Helbing, D.1    Yu, W.2
  • 30
    • 22544447371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trust building among strangers
    • Ho T., Weigel K. Trust building among strangers. Manage. Sci. 2005, 51.
    • (2005) Manage. Sci. , pp. 51
    • Ho, T.1    Weigel, K.2
  • 32
    • 33645974834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary game dynamics in a Wright-Fisher process
    • Imhof L.A., Nowak M.A. Evolutionary game dynamics in a Wright-Fisher process. J. Math. Biol. 2006, 52:667-681.
    • (2006) J. Math. Biol. , vol.52 , pp. 667-681
    • Imhof, L.A.1    Nowak, M.A.2
  • 35
    • 44149093434 scopus 로고
    • Reputation and imperfect information
    • Kreps D.M., Wilson R. Reputation and imperfect information. J. Econ. Theory 1982, 27:253-279.
    • (1982) J. Econ. Theory , vol.27 , pp. 253-279
    • Kreps, D.M.1    Wilson, R.2
  • 36
    • 33847069350 scopus 로고
    • Rational cooperation in the finitely repeated prisoners' dilemma
    • Kreps D.M., Milgrom P., Roberts J. Rational cooperation in the finitely repeated prisoners' dilemma. J. Econ. Theory 1982, 27:245-252.
    • (1982) J. Econ. Theory , vol.27 , pp. 245-252
    • Kreps, D.M.1    Milgrom, P.2    Roberts, J.3
  • 37
    • 53149151396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary game dynamics in a finite asymmetric two-deme population and emergence of cooperation
    • Ladret V., Lessard S. Evolutionary game dynamics in a finite asymmetric two-deme population and emergence of cooperation. J. Theor. Biol. 2008, 255:137-151. 10.1016/j.jtbi.2008.07.025.
    • (2008) J. Theor. Biol. , vol.255 , pp. 137-151
    • Ladret, V.1    Lessard, S.2
  • 38
    • 34248388067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The probability of fixation of a single mutant in an exchangeable selection model
    • Lessard S., Ladret V. The probability of fixation of a single mutant in an exchangeable selection model. J. Math. Biol. 54 2007, 721-744. 10.1007/s00285-007-0069-7.
    • (2007) J. Math. Biol. 54 , pp. 721-744
    • Lessard, S.1    Ladret, V.2
  • 39
    • 0001148605 scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary phenomena in simple dynamics
    • Lindgren K. Evolutionary phenomena in simple dynamics. Artif. Life II 1991, 10:295-312.
    • (1991) Artif. Life II , vol.10 , pp. 295-312
    • Lindgren, K.1
  • 41
    • 0001597615 scopus 로고
    • An experimental study of the centipede game
    • McKelvey R.D., Palfrey T.R. An experimental study of the centipede game. Econometrica 1992, 60:803-836.
    • (1992) Econometrica , vol.60 , pp. 803-836
    • McKelvey, R.D.1    Palfrey, T.R.2
  • 42
    • 0033598439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incorporating rules for responding into evolutionary games
    • McNamara J.M., Gasson C.E., Houston A.I. Incorporating rules for responding into evolutionary games. Nature 1999, 401:368-371.
    • (1999) Nature , vol.401 , pp. 368-371
    • McNamara, J.M.1    Gasson, C.E.2    Houston, A.I.3
  • 43
    • 1942455801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation in behaviour promotes cooperation in the prisoner's dilemma game
    • McNamara J.M., Barta Z., Houston A.I. Variation in behaviour promotes cooperation in the prisoner's dilemma game. Nature 2004, 428:745-748.
    • (2004) Nature , vol.428 , pp. 745-748
    • McNamara, J.M.1    Barta, Z.2    Houston, A.I.3
  • 45
    • 0037035379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Donors to charity gain in both indirect reciprocity and political reputation. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London
    • doi:10.1098/rspb.2002.1964.
    • Milinski, M., Semmann, D., Krambeck, H., 2002a. Donors to charity gain in both indirect reciprocity and political reputation. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 269, pp. 881-883, doi:10.1098/rspb.2002.1964.
    • (2002) Series B: Biological Sciences , vol.269 , pp. 881-883
    • Milinski, M.1    Semmann, D.2    Krambeck, H.3
  • 46
    • 0037165214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reputation helps solve the 'tragedy of the commons'
    • Milinski M., Semmann D., Krambeck H.J. Reputation helps solve the 'tragedy of the commons'. Nature 2002, 415:424-426.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.415 , pp. 424-426
    • Milinski, M.1    Semmann, D.2    Krambeck, H.J.3
  • 49
    • 0039401756 scopus 로고
    • Experimental results on the centipede game in normal form: an investigation on learning
    • Nagel R., Tang F.F. Experimental results on the centipede game in normal form: an investigation on learning. J. Math. Pscyhol. 1988, 42:356-384.
    • (1988) J. Math. Pscyhol. , vol.42 , pp. 356-384
    • Nagel, R.1    Tang, F.F.2
  • 50
    • 0000614213 scopus 로고
    • Bounded complexity justifies cooperation in the finitely repeated prisoners' dilemma
    • Neyman A. Bounded complexity justifies cooperation in the finitely repeated prisoners' dilemma. Econ. Lett. 1985, 19:227-229.
    • (1985) Econ. Lett. , vol.19 , pp. 227-229
    • Neyman, A.1
  • 51
    • 0027336968 scopus 로고
    • A strategy of win-stay, lose-shift that outperforms tit-for-tat in the prisoner's dilemma game
    • Nowak M., Sigmund K. A strategy of win-stay, lose-shift that outperforms tit-for-tat in the prisoner's dilemma game. Nature 1993, 364:56-58.
    • (1993) Nature , vol.364 , pp. 56-58
    • Nowak, M.1    Sigmund, K.2
  • 53
    • 0026471294 scopus 로고
    • Tit-for-tat in heterogeneous populations
    • Nowak M.A., Sigmund K. Tit-for-tat in heterogeneous populations. Nature 1992, 355:250-253.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.355 , pp. 250-253
    • Nowak, M.A.1    Sigmund, K.2
  • 54
    • 0028165940 scopus 로고
    • The alternating prisoner's dilemma
    • Nowak M.A., Sigmund K. The alternating prisoner's dilemma. J. Theor. Biol. 1994, 168:219-226. 10.1006/jtbi.1994.1101.
    • (1994) J. Theor. Biol. , vol.168 , pp. 219-226
    • Nowak, M.A.1    Sigmund, K.2
  • 55
    • 0032507958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of indirect reciprocity by image scoring
    • Nowak M.A., Sigmund K. Evolution of indirect reciprocity by image scoring. Nature 1998, 393:573-577. 10.1038/31225.
    • (1998) Nature , vol.393 , pp. 573-577
    • Nowak, M.A.1    Sigmund, K.2
  • 56
    • 0842288340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary dynamics of biological games
    • Nowak M.A., Sigmund K. Evolutionary dynamics of biological games. Science 2004, 303:793-799.
    • (2004) Science , vol.303 , pp. 793-799
    • Nowak, M.A.1    Sigmund, K.2
  • 57
    • 27644522801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of indirect reciprocity
    • Nowak M.A., Sigmund K. Evolution of indirect reciprocity. Nature 2005, 437:1291-1298.
    • (2005) Nature , vol.437 , pp. 1291-1298
    • Nowak, M.A.1    Sigmund, K.2
  • 58
    • 1942517277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emergence of cooperation and evolutionary stability infinite populations
    • Nowak M.A., Sasaki A., Taylor C., Fudenberg D. Emergence of cooperation and evolutionary stability infinite populations. Nature 2004, 428:646-650.
    • (2004) Nature , vol.428 , pp. 646-650
    • Nowak, M.A.1    Sasaki, A.2    Taylor, C.3    Fudenberg, D.4
  • 59
    • 33645409600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The leading eight: social norms that can maintain cooperation by indirect reciprocity
    • Ohtsuki H., Iwasa Y. The leading eight: social norms that can maintain cooperation by indirect reciprocity. J. Theor. Biol. 2006, 239:435-444.
    • (2006) J. Theor. Biol. , vol.239 , pp. 435-444
    • Ohtsuki, H.1    Iwasa, Y.2
  • 60
    • 33845978053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stern-judging: a simple, successful norm which promotes cooperation under indirect reciprocity
    • Pacheco J.M., Santos F.C., Chalub F.A.C.C. Stern-judging: a simple, successful norm which promotes cooperation under indirect reciprocity. PLoS Comput. Biol. 2006, 2:e178.
    • (2006) PLoS Comput. Biol. , vol.2
    • Pacheco, J.M.1    Santos, F.C.2    Chalub, F.A.C.C.3
  • 61
    • 0012995641 scopus 로고
    • The backward induction paradox
    • Pettit P., Sugden R. The backward induction paradox. J. Philos. 1989, 86:169-182.
    • (1989) J. Philos. , vol.86 , pp. 169-182
    • Pettit, P.1    Sugden, R.2
  • 62
    • 84857918066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The promise of mechanical turk: how online labor markets can help theorists run behavioral experiments
    • 10.1016/j.jtbi.2011.03.004.
    • Rand, D.G., 2011. The promise of mechanical turk: how online labor markets can help theorists run behavioral experiments. J. Theor. Biol., 10.1016/j.jtbi.2011.03.004.
    • (2011) J. Theor. Biol.
    • Rand, D.G.1
  • 63
    • 80052400882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of antisocial punishment in optional public goods games
    • doi:
    • Rand D.G., Nowak M.A. The evolution of antisocial punishment in optional public goods games. Nat. Commun. 2011, 2:434. doi:. http://www.nature.com/ncomms/journal/v2/n8/suppinfo/ncomms1442_S1.html.
    • (2011) Nat. Commun. , vol.2 , pp. 434
    • Rand, D.G.1    Nowak, M.A.2
  • 64
    • 56949091213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct reciprocity with costly punishment: generous tit-for-tat prevails
    • Rand D.G., Ohtsuki H., Nowak M.A. Direct reciprocity with costly punishment: generous tit-for-tat prevails. J. Theor. Biol. 2009, 256:45-57.
    • (2009) J. Theor. Biol. , vol.256 , pp. 45-57
    • Rand, D.G.1    Ohtsuki, H.2    Nowak, M.A.3
  • 67
    • 79955432470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Living with strangers: direct benefits favour non-kin cooperation in a communally nesting bird
    • Riehl C. Living with strangers: direct benefits favour non-kin cooperation in a communally nesting bird. Proc. R. Soc. B: Biol. Sci. 2011, 278:1728-1735. 10.1098/rspb.2010.1752.
    • (2011) Proc. R. Soc. B: Biol. Sci. , vol.278 , pp. 1728-1735
    • Riehl, C.1
  • 68
    • 72649087966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural history and reproductive biology of the communally breeding Greater Ani (Crotophaga major) at Gatún Lake, Panama
    • Riehl C., Jara L. Natural history and reproductive biology of the communally breeding Greater Ani (Crotophaga major) at Gatún Lake, Panama. Wilson J. Ornithol. 2009, 121:679-687. 10.1676/09-017.1.
    • (2009) Wilson J. Ornithol. , vol.121 , pp. 679-687
    • Riehl, C.1    Jara, L.2
  • 69
    • 33845672964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The efficient interaction of indirect reciprocity and costly punishment
    • Rockenbach B., Milinski M. The efficient interaction of indirect reciprocity and costly punishment. Nature 2006, 444:718-723.
    • (2006) Nature , vol.444 , pp. 718-723
    • Rockenbach, B.1    Milinski, M.2
  • 70
    • 0001782271 scopus 로고
    • Games of perfect information, predatory pricing, and the chain store paradox.
    • Rosenthal R. Games of perfect information, predatory pricing, and the chain store paradox. J. Econ. Theory 1982, 25:92-100.
    • (1982) J. Econ. Theory , vol.25 , pp. 92-100
    • Rosenthal, R.1
  • 71
    • 0000319195 scopus 로고
    • The chain-store paradox
    • Selten R. The chain-store paradox. Theory Decis. 1978, 9:127-159.
    • (1978) Theory Decis. , vol.9 , pp. 127-159
    • Selten, R.1
  • 72
    • 0141732289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Volunteering leads to rock-paper-scissors dynamics in a public goods game
    • Semmann D., Krambeck H.-J., Milinski M. Volunteering leads to rock-paper-scissors dynamics in a public goods game. Nature 2003, 425:390-393.
    • (2003) Nature , vol.425 , pp. 390-393
    • Semmann, D.1    Krambeck, H.-J.2    Milinski, M.3
  • 74
    • 77955661714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social learning promotes institutions for governing the commons
    • Sigmund K., De Silva H., Traulsen A., Hauert C. Social learning promotes institutions for governing the commons. Nature 2010, 466:861-863.
    • (2010) Nature , vol.466 , pp. 861-863
    • Sigmund, K.1    De Silva, H.2    Traulsen, A.3    Hauert, C.4
  • 75
    • 3242733597 scopus 로고
    • Decisions and Organisation, North Holland, Amsterdam, C.B.M.A. Radner (Ed.)
    • Simon H.A. Theories of Bounded Rationality 1972, Decisions and Organisation, North Holland, Amsterdam. C.B.M.A. Radner (Ed.).
    • (1972) Theories of Bounded Rationality
    • Simon, H.A.1
  • 76
    • 53549097063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of cooperation in the centipede game with finite populations
    • Smead R. The evolution of cooperation in the centipede game with finite populations. Philosophy of Science 2008, 75:157-177.
    • (2008) Philosophy of Science , vol.75 , pp. 157-177
    • Smead, R.1
  • 79
    • 0002414229 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of reciprocal altruism
    • Trivers R. The evolution of reciprocal altruism. Q. Rev. Biol. 1971, 46:35-57.
    • (1971) Q. Rev. Biol. , vol.46 , pp. 35-57
    • Trivers, R.1
  • 80
    • 0034608001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cooperation through image scoring in humans
    • Wedekind C., Milinski M. Cooperation through image scoring in humans. Science 2000, 288:850-852. 10.1126/science.288.5467.850.
    • (2000) Science , vol.288 , pp. 850-852
    • Wedekind, C.1    Milinski, M.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.