메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 50, Issue 9, 2011, Pages

Calibration of the modulation transfer function of surface profilometers with binary pseudorandom test standards: Expanding the application range to Fizeau interferometers and electron microscopes

Author keywords

Binary pseudorandom; Calibration; Interferometer; Modulation transfer function; Power spectral density; Scanning electron microscope; Surface metrology; Surface profilometer; Transmission electron microscope

Indexed keywords

POWER SPECTRAL; PSEUDO RANDOM; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE; SURFACE METROLOGY; SURFACE PROFILOMETER; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPE;

EID: 80054072091     PISSN: 00913286     EISSN: 15602303     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1117/1.3622485     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (23)

References (66)
  • 1
    • 0018443213 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between surface scattering and microtopographic features
    • E. L. Church, H. A. Jenkinson, and J. M. Zavada, "Relationship between surface scattering and microtopographic features," Opt. Eng. 18(2), 125-136 (1979).
    • (1979) Opt. Eng. , vol.18 , Issue.2 , pp. 125-136
    • Church, E.L.1    Jenkinson, H.A.2    Zavada, J.M.3
  • 2
    • 0020331252 scopus 로고
    • Spectral analysis ofthe finish of polished optical surfaces
    • E. L. Church and H. C. Berry, "Spectral analysis ofthe finish of polished optical surfaces," Wear 83, 189-201 (1982).
    • (1982) Wear , vol.83 , pp. 189-201
    • Church, E.L.1    Berry, H.C.2
  • 3
    • 0004188134 scopus 로고
    • 2nd Ed., SPIE Optical Engineering Press, Bellingham
    • J. C. Stover, Optical Scattering, 2nd Ed., SPIE Optical Engineering Press, Bellingham (1995).
    • (1995) Optical Scattering
    • Stover, J.C.1
  • 5
    • 0026815539 scopus 로고
    • Simulation of 3D random rough surface by 2D digital filter and Fourier analysis
    • Y. Z. Hu and K. Tonder, "Simulation of 3D random rough surface by 2D digital filter and Fourier analysis," Int. J. Mach. Tools Manufact. 32, 83-90 (1992).
    • (1992) Int. J. Mach. Tools Manufact. , vol.32 , pp. 83-90
    • Hu, Y.Z.1    Tonder, K.2
  • 6
    • 84957323478 scopus 로고
    • Development and surface evaluation of large SiC x-ray mirrors for high-brilliance synchrotron radiation
    • H. Yamaoka, T. Uruga, E. Arakawa, M. Matsuoka, Y. Ogasaka, K. Yamashita, and N. Ohtomo, "Development and surface evaluation of large SiC x-ray mirrors for high-brilliance synchrotron radiation," Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 33, 6718-6726 (1994).
    • (1994) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. , vol.33 , pp. 6718-6726
    • Yamaoka, H.1    Uruga, T.2    Arakawa, E.3    Matsuoka, M.4    Ogasaka, Y.5    Yamashita, K.6    Ohtomo, N.7
  • 7
    • 0032064591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Approximate numerical models of 3D surface topography generated using sparse frequency domain descriptions
    • J. Sherrington and G. W. Howarth, "Approximate numerical models of 3D surface topography generated using sparse frequency domain descriptions," Int. J. Mach. Tools Manufact. 38(5-6), 599-606 (1998).
    • (1998) Int. J. Mach. Tools Manufact. , vol.38 , Issue.5-6 , pp. 599-606
    • Sherrington, J.1    Howarth, G.W.2
  • 8
    • 69949158618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Power spectral density specification and analysis of large optical surfaces
    • E. Sidick, "Power spectral density specification and analysis of large optical surfaces," Proc. SPIE 7390, 73900L (2009).
    • (2009) Proc. SPIE , vol.7390
    • Sidick, E.1
  • 9
    • 25844488330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A model of mechanical polishing in the presence of a lubricant
    • V. L. Popova and A. E. Filippov, A model of mechanical polishing in the presence of a lubricant," Tech. Phys. Lett. 31(9) 788-792 (2005).
    • (2005) Tech. Phys. Lett. , vol.31 , Issue.9 , pp. 788-792
    • Popova, V.L.1    Filippov, A.E.2
  • 10
    • 79957941132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resist roughness evaluation and frequency analysis: Metrological challenges and potential solutions for extreme ultraviolet lithography
    • A. V. Pret, R. Gronheid, T. Ishimoto, and K. Sekiguchi, "Resist roughness evaluation and frequency analysis: metrological challenges and potential solutions for extreme ultraviolet lithography," J. Micro/Nanolith. MEMS MOEMS 9(4), 041308 (2010).
    • (2010) J. Micro/Nanolith. MEMS MOEMS , vol.9 , Issue.4 , pp. 041308
    • Pret, A.V.1    Gronheid, R.2    Ishimoto, T.3    Sekiguchi, K.4
  • 11
    • 0041873209 scopus 로고
    • Surface roughness for metallic thin films deposited upon various dielectric coatings
    • F. Varnier, N. Mayani, G. Rasigni, and M. Rasigni, "Surface roughness for metallic thin films deposited upon various dielectric coatings," J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 5(4), 1806-1808 (1987).
    • (1987) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A , vol.5 , Issue.4 , pp. 1806-1808
    • Varnier, F.1    Mayani, N.2    Rasigni, G.3    Rasigni, M.4
  • 14
    • 0347417452 scopus 로고
    • Effect of tip shape on surface roughness measurements from atomic force microscopy images of thin films
    • K. L. Westra and D. J. Thomson, "Effect of tip shape on surface roughness measurements from atomic force microscopy images of thin films," J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 13(2), 344-349 (1995).
    • (1995) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B , vol.13 , Issue.2 , pp. 344-349
    • Westra, K.L.1    Thomson, D.J.2
  • 16
    • 0029184354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calculation of the power spectral density from surface profile data
    • J. M. Elson and J. M. Bennett, "Calculation of the power spectral density from surface profile data," Appl. Opt. 34(1), 201-208 (2001).
    • (2001) Appl. Opt. , vol.34 , Issue.1 , pp. 201-208
    • Elson, J.M.1    Bennett, J.M.2
  • 17
    • 28844450744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two dimensional power spectral density measurements of x-ray optics with the MicroMap interferomet-ric microscope
    • V. V. Yashchuk, A. D. Franck, S. C. Irick, M. R. Howells, A. A. MacDowell, and W. R. McKinney, Two dimensional power spectral density measurements of x-ray optics with the MicroMap interferomet-ric microscope," Proc. SPIE 5858, 58580A (2005).
    • (2005) Proc. SPIE , vol.5858
    • Yashchuk, V.V.1    Franck, A.D.2    Irick, S.C.3    Howells, M.R.4    MacDowell, A.A.5    McKinney, W.R.6
  • 20
    • 0006100487 scopus 로고
    • Determination of the optical transfer function directly from the edge spread function
    • R. Barakat, "Determination of the optical transfer function directly from the edge spread function," J. Opl. Soc. Am. 55(10), 1217-1219 (1965).
    • (1965) J. Opl. Soc. Am. , vol.55 , Issue.10 , pp. 1217-1219
    • Barakat, R.1
  • 21
    • 0000930576 scopus 로고
    • Method for obtaining the transfer function from the edge response function
    • B. Tatian, "Method for obtaining the transfer function from the edge response function," J. Opl. Soc. Am. 55(8), 1014-1019 (1965).
    • (1965) J. Opl. Soc. Am. , vol.55 , Issue.8 , pp. 1014-1019
    • Tatian, B.1
  • 22
    • 84975582394 scopus 로고
    • Calibration of numerical aperture effects in interferometric microscope objectives
    • K. Creath, "Calibration of numerical aperture effects in interferometric microscope objectives," Appl. Opt. 28(15), 3333-3338 (1989).
    • (1989) Appl. Opt. , vol.28 , Issue.15 , pp. 3333-3338
    • Creath, K.1
  • 23
    • 47349095153 scopus 로고
    • Step-height standard for surface-profiler calibration
    • P. Z. Takacs, M. X. Li, K. Furenlid, and E. L. Church, "Step-height standard for surface-profiler calibration," Proc. SPIE 1995, 235-244 (1993).
    • (1993) Proc. SPIE , vol.1995 , pp. 235-244
    • Takacs, P.Z.1    Li, M.X.2    Furenlid, K.3    Church, E.L.4
  • 24
    • 0010005782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fringe modulation skewing effect in white-light vertical scanning interferometry
    • A. Harasaki and J. C. Wyant, "Fringe modulation skewing effect in white-light vertical scanning interferometry," Appl. Opt. 39(13), 2101-2106 (2000).
    • (2000) Appl. Opt. , vol.39 , Issue.13 , pp. 2101-2106
    • Harasaki, A.1    Wyant, J.C.2
  • 25
    • 84970956191 scopus 로고
    • Modulation transfer function measurement using three- and four-bar targets
    • G. D. Boreman and S. Yang, "Modulation transfer function measurement using three- and four-bar targets," Appl. Opt. 34(34), 8050-8052 (1995).
    • (1995) Appl. Opt. , vol.34 , Issue.34 , pp. 8050-8052
    • Boreman, G.D.1    Yang, S.2
  • 26
    • 84975655833 scopus 로고
    • Modulation transfer function measurement technique for small pixel detectors
    • M. Marchywka and D. G. Socker, "Modulation transfer function measurement technique for small pixel detectors," Appl. Opt. 31(34), 7198-7213 (1992).
    • (1992) Appl. Opt. , vol.31 , Issue.34 , pp. 7198-7213
    • Marchywka, M.1    Socker, D.G.2
  • 27
    • 0016440246 scopus 로고
    • On the measurement of MTF using periodic patters of rectangular and triangular wave-forms
    • O. P. Nijhawan, P. K. Datta, and J. Bhushan, "On the measurement of MTF using periodic patters of rectangular and triangular wave-forms," Nouv. Rev. Opt. 6(1), 33-36 (1975).
    • (1975) Nouv. Rev. Opt. , vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp. 33-36
    • Nijhawan, O.P.1    Datta, P.K.2    Bhushan, J.3
  • 28
    • 28044466189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discrepancies between roughness measurements obtained with phase shifting interferometer and white-light interferometry
    • H. G. Rhee, T. V. Vorburger, J. W. Lee, and J. Fu, "Discrepancies between roughness measurements obtained with phase shifting interferometer and white-light interferometry," Appl. Opt. 44(28), 5919-5927 (2005).
    • (2005) Appl. Opt. , vol.44 , Issue.28 , pp. 5919-5927
    • Rhee, H.G.1    Vorburger, T.V.2    Lee, J.W.3    Fu, J.4
  • 29
    • 52249108055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring the phase transfer function of a phase-shifting interferometer
    • J. Chu, Q. Wang, J. P. Lehan, G. Gao, and U. Griesmann, "Measuring the phase transfer function of a phase-shifting interferometer," Proc. SPIE 7064, 70640C (2008).
    • (2008) Proc. SPIE , vol.7064
    • Chu, J.1    Wang, Q.2    Lehan, J.P.3    Gao, G.4    Griesmann, U.5
  • 30
    • 80054062002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatially resolved height response of phase-shifting interferometers measured using a patterned mirror with varying spatial frequency
    • J. Chu, Q. Wang, J. P. Lehan, G. Gao, and U. Griesmann, "Spatially resolved height response of phase-shifting interferometers measured using a patterned mirror with varying spatial frequency," Opt. Eng. 49(9), 095601 (2010).
    • (2010) Opt. Eng. , vol.49 , Issue.9 , pp. 095601
    • Chu, J.1    Wang, Q.2    Lehan, J.P.3    Gao, G.4    Griesmann, U.5
  • 31
    • 0033072592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation transfer function of a lens measured with a random target method
    • E. Levy, D. Peles, M. Opher-Lipson, and S. G. Lipson, "Modulation transfer function of a lens measured with a random target method," Appl. Opt. 38(4), 679-683 (1999).
    • (1999) Appl. Opt. , vol.38 , Issue.4 , pp. 679-683
    • Levy, E.1    Peles, D.2    Opher-Lipson, M.3    Lipson, S.G.4
  • 32
    • 85068373950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring the spatial frequency transfer functionofphase-measuring interferometers for laser optics
    • C. R. Wolfe, J. D. Downie, and J. K. Lawson, "Measuring the spatial frequency transfer functionofphase-measuring interferometers for laser optics," Proc. SPIE 2870, 553-557 (1996).
    • (1996) Proc. SPIE , vol.2870 , pp. 553-557
    • Wolfe, C.R.1    Downie, J.D.2    Lawson, J.K.3
  • 33
    • 0026156913 scopus 로고
    • Standard reference specimens in quality control of engineering surfaces
    • J. F. Song and T. Vorbuerger, "Standard reference specimens in quality control of engineering surfaces," J. Res. Nation Inst. Stand. Technol. 96, 271-289 (1991).
    • (1991) J. Res. Nation Inst. Stand. Technol. , vol.96 , pp. 271-289
    • Song, J.F.1    Vorbuerger, T.2
  • 34
    • 47349115732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Binary pseudorandom grating standard for calibration of surface profilometers
    • V. V. Yashchuk, W. R. McKinney, and P. Z. Takacs, Binary pseudorandom grating standard for calibration of surface profilometers," Opt. Eng. 47(7) 073602 (2008).
    • (2008) Opt. Eng. , vol.47 , Issue.7 , pp. 073602
    • Yashchuk, V.V.1    McKinney, W.R.2    Takacs, P.Z.3
  • 35
    • 42149123487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Binary pseudorandom grating as a standard test surface for measurement of modulation transfer function of interferometric microscopes
    • V. V. Yashchuk, W. R. McKinney, and P. Z. Takacs, Binary pseudorandom grating as a standard test surface for measurement of modulation transfer function of interferometric microscopes," Proc. SPIE 6704 670408 (2007).
    • (2007) Proc. SPIE , vol.6704 , pp. 670408
    • Yashchuk, V.V.1    McKinney, W.R.2    Takacs, P.Z.3
  • 38
    • 70449477635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Binary pseudo-random gratings and arrays for calibration of the modulation transfer function of surface profilometers: Recent developments
    • S. K. Barber, P. Soldate, E. D. Anderson, R. Cambie, S. Marchesini, W. R. McKinney, P. Z. Takacs, D. L. Voronov, and V. V. Yashchuk, "Binary pseudo-random gratings and arrays for calibration of the modulation transfer function of surface profilometers: recent developments," Proc. SPIE 7448, 744802 (2009).
    • (2009) Proc. SPIE , vol.7448 , pp. 744802
    • Barber, S.K.1    Soldate, P.2    Anderson, E.D.3    Cambie, R.4    Marchesini, S.5    McKinney, W.R.6    Takacs, P.Z.7    Voronov, D.L.8    Yashchuk, V.V.9
  • 39
    • 81355132871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stability of modulation transfer function calibration of surface profilometers using binary pseudo-random gratings and arrays with non-ideal groove shapes
    • S. K. Barber, E. Anderson, R. Cambie, S. Marchesini, W. R. McKinney, P. Z. Takacs, D. L. Voronov, and V. V. Yashchuk, "Stability of modulation transfer function calibration of surface profilometers using binary pseudo-random gratings and arrays with non-ideal groove shapes,"Opt. Eng. 49(5), 053606 (2010).
    • (2010) Opt. Eng. , vol.49 , Issue.5 , pp. 053606
    • Barber, S.K.1    Anderson, E.2    Cambie, R.3    Marchesini, S.4    McKinney, W.R.5    Takacs, P.Z.6    Voronov, D.L.7    Yashchuk, V.V.8
  • 43
    • 0024079392 scopus 로고
    • Construction for perfect maps and pseudo-random arrays
    • T. Etzon, "Construction for perfect maps and pseudo-random arrays," IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 34(5), 1308-1316 (1988).
    • (1988) IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory , vol.34 , Issue.5 , pp. 1308-1316
    • Etzon, T.1
  • 44
    • 0000011433 scopus 로고
    • Generation of pseudo-random sequence for use in cross-correlation modulation
    • D. D. Koleske and S. J. Sibener, "Generation of pseudo-random sequence for use in cross-correlation modulation," Rev. Sci. Instrum. 63(8), 3852-3855 (1992).
    • (1992) Rev. Sci. Instrum. , vol.63 , Issue.8 , pp. 3852-3855
    • Koleske, D.D.1    Sibener, S.J.2
  • 46
    • 0025669251 scopus 로고
    • Impulse-response and reverberation-decay measurements made by using a periodic pseudorandom sequence
    • W. T. Chu, "Impulse-response and reverberation-decay measurements made by using a periodic pseudorandom sequence," Appl. Acoustics 29, 193-205 (1990).
    • (1990) Appl. Acoustics , vol.29 , pp. 193-205
    • Chu, W.T.1
  • 47
    • 5544234045 scopus 로고
    • Reactivity measurement using pseudo-random source excitation
    • T. E. Stern, A. Blaquiere, and J. Valat, "Reactivity measurement using pseudo-random source excitation," J. Nucl. Energy, Parts A/B 16, 499-508 (1962).
    • (1962) J. Nucl. Energy, Parts A/B , vol.16 , pp. 499-508
    • Stern, T.E.1    Blaquiere, A.2    Valat, J.3
  • 48
    • 49949127397 scopus 로고
    • Correlation type time-of-flight spectrometer with magnetically pulsed polarized neutrons
    • J. Gordon, N. Kroo, G. Orban, L. Pal, P. Pellionisz, F. Szlavik, and I. Vizi, "Correlation type time-of-flight spectrometer with magnetically pulsed polarized neutrons," Phys. Lett. A 26, 122-123 (1968).
    • (1968) Phys. Lett. A , vol.26 , pp. 122-123
    • Gordon, J.1    Kroo, N.2    Orban, G.3    Pal, L.4    Pellionisz, P.5    Szlavik, F.6    Vizi, I.7
  • 49
    • 9544253002 scopus 로고
    • A mechanical correlation chopper for thermal neutron spec-troscopy
    • K. Skold, "A mechanical correlation chopper for thermal neutron spec-troscopy," Nucl. Instrum. Methods 63, 114-116 (1968).
    • (1968) Nucl. Instrum. Methods , vol.63 , pp. 114-116
    • Skold, K.1
  • 50
    • 49949130972 scopus 로고
    • Statistical analysis of cross-correlation chopper for time-offlight measurements
    • A. Virjo, "Statistical analysis of cross-correlation chopper for time-offlight measurements," Nucl. Instrum. Methods 63, 351-352 (1968).
    • (1968) Nucl. Instrum. Methods , vol.63 , pp. 351-352
    • Virjo, A.1
  • 51
    • 29144473444 scopus 로고
    • The Fourier method in slow neutron time-of-flight spectrom-etry with a pseudo-random input signal
    • A. Virjo, "The Fourier method in slow neutron time-of-flight spectrom-etry with a pseudo-random input signal," Nucl. Instrum. Methods 73, 189-199 (1969).
    • (1969) Nucl. Instrum. Methods , vol.73 , pp. 189-199
    • Virjo, A.1
  • 52
    • 0014595459 scopus 로고
    • Slow neutron time-of-flight spectrometry with a pseudorandom input signal
    • A. Virjo, "Slow neutron time-of-flight spectrometry with a pseudorandom input signal," Nucl. Instrum. Methods 75(1), 77-84 (1969).
    • (1969) Nucl. Instrum. Methods , vol.75 , Issue.1 , pp. 77-84
    • Virjo, A.1
  • 53
    • 0015020466 scopus 로고
    • A cross correlation chopper for molecular beam modulation
    • V. L. Hirschy and J. P. Aldridge, A cross correlation chopper for molecular beam modulation," Rev. Sci. Instrum. 42(3) 381-383 (1971).
    • (1971) Rev. Sci. Instrum. , vol.42 , Issue.3 , pp. 381-383
    • Hirschy, V.L.1    Aldridge, J.P.2
  • 54
    • 0019574930 scopus 로고
    • Magnetically suspended cross-correlation chopperinmolecular beam-surface experiments
    • G. Comsa, R. David, and B. J. Schumacher, "Magnetically suspended cross-correlation chopperinmolecular beam-surface experiments," Rev. Sci. Instrum. 52(6), 789-791 (1981).
    • (1981) Rev. Sci. Instrum. , vol.52 , Issue.6 , pp. 789-791
    • Comsa, G.1    David, R.2    Schumacher, B.J.3
  • 57
    • 0017935435 scopus 로고
    • Coded aperture imaging with uniformly redundant arrays
    • E. E. Fenimore and T. M. Cannon, "Coded aperture imaging with uniformly redundant arrays," Appl. Opt. 17(3), 337-347 (1978).
    • (1978) Appl. Opt. , vol.17 , Issue.3 , pp. 337-347
    • Fenimore, E.E.1    Cannon, T.M.2
  • 61
    • 81355140033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Materials Science, Inc.
    • Materials Science, Inc., http://www.msi-pse.com/Polaris.htm.
  • 63
  • 64
    • 81355156838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evans Analytical Group, Inc.
    • Evans Analytical Group, Inc., http://www.eaglabs.com.
  • 65
    • 33750927408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposing digital forgeries in video by detecting double MPEG compression
    • Geneva, Switzerland
    • W. Wang and H. Farid, "Exposing Digital Forgeries in Video by Detecting Double MPEG Compression," in MM&Sec2006, Geneva, Switzerland (2006).
    • (2006) MM&Sec2006
    • Wang, W.1    Farid, H.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.