Do genetic variations alter the effects of exercise training on cardiovascular disease and can we identify the candidate variants now or in the future?

Journal of Applied Physiology

Volumn 111, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 916-928

  Hagberg, James M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND   (United States)

Author keywords

Cardiovascular disease; Exercise training; Genetics; Genotype; Risk factors

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; EXERCISE; GENETIC ASSOCIATION; GENETIC LINKAGE; GENETIC PREDISPOSITION; GENETIC VARIABILITY; GENETICS; HEREDITY; HUMAN; PEDIGREE; PHENOTYPE; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR;

ANIMALS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; EXERCISE; GENETIC ASSOCIATION STUDIES; GENETIC LINKAGE; GENETIC PREDISPOSITION TO DISEASE; GENETIC VARIATION; HEREDITY; HUMANS; PEDIGREE; PHENOTYPE; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 79960205680     PISSN: 87507587     EISSN: 15221601     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00153.2011     Document Type: Review

References (160)

1. Adamo KB, Sigal RJ, Williams K, Kenny G, Prud'homme D, Tesson F. Influence of Pro12Ala peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma2 polymorphism on glucose response to exercise training in type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 48: 1503-1509, 2005. (Pubitemid 41175503)
2. Adeyemo A, Rotimi C. Genetic variants associated with complex human diseases show wide variation across multiple populations. Public Health Genomics 13: 72-79, 2010.
3. An P, Rice T, Borecki IB, Perusse L, Gagnon J, Leon AS, Skinner JS, Wilmore JH, Bouchard C, Rao DC. Major gene effect on subcutaneous fat distribution in a sedentary population and its response to exercise training: the HERITAGE Family Study. Am J Hum Biol 12: 600-609, 2000.
4. An P, Rice T, Gagnon J, Borecki IB, Bergeron J, Despres JP, Leon AS, Skinner JS, Wilmore JH, Bouchard C, Rao DC. Segregation analysis of apolipoprotein A-1 and B-100 measured before and after an exercise training program. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 20: 807-814, 2000. (Pubitemid 30151697)
5. An P, Teran-Garcia M, Rice T, Rankinen T, Weisnagel SJ, Bergman RN, Boston RC, Mandel S, Stefanovski D, Leon AS, Skinner JS, Rao DC, Bouchard C. Genome-wide linkage scans for prediabetes phenotypes in response to 20 weeks of endurance exercise training in nondiabetic whites and blacks: the HERITAGE Family Study. Diabetologia 48: 1142-1149, 2005. (Pubitemid 40909650)
6. Andreasen CH, Stender-Petersen KL, Mogensen MS, Torekov SS, Wegner L, Andersen G, Nielsen AL, Albrechtsen A, Borch-Johnsen K, Rasmussen SS, Clausen JO, Sandbaek A, Lauritzen T, Hansen L, Jorgensen T, Pedersen O, Hansen T. Low physical activity accentuates the effect of the FTO rs9939609 polymorphism on body fat accumulation. Diabetes 57: 95-101, 2008.
7. Arking DE, Chakravarti A. Understanding cardiovascular disease through the lens of genome-wide association studies. Trends Genet 25: 387-394, 2009.
8. Atwood LD, Heard-Costa NL, Cupples LA, Jaquish CE, Wilson PW, D'Agostino RB. Genomewide linkage analysis of body mass index across 28 years of the Framingham Heart Study. Am J Hum Genet 71: 1044-1050, 2002. (Pubitemid 35305224)
9. Ayyobi AF, Hill JS, Molhuizen HO, Lear SA. Cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) Taq1B polymorphism influences the effect of a standardized cardiac rehabilitation program on lipid risk markers. Atherosclerosis 181: 363-369, 2005. (Pubitemid 41019618)
10. Bennet AM, Di AE, Ye Z, Wensley F, Dahlin A, Ahlbom A, Keavney B, Collins R, Wiman B, de FU, Danesh J. Association of apolipoprotein E genotypes with lipid levels and coronary risk. JAMA 298: 1300-1311, 2007. (Pubitemid 47443344)
11. Bennett CL, Schrader AP, Morris BJ. Cross-sectional analysis of Met235iThr variant of angiotensinogen gene in severe, familial hypertension. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 197: 833-839, 1993.
12. Bohn M, Berge KE, Bakken A, Erikssen J, Berg K. Insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism at the locus for angiotensin I-converting enzyme and myocardial infarction. Clin Genet 44: 292-297, 1993.
13. Borecki IB, Rice T, Perusse L, Bouchard C, Rao DC. An exploratory investigation of genetic linkage with body composition and fatness phenotypes: the Quebec Family Study. Obes Res 2: 213-219, 1994.
14. Bouchard C, Perusse L. Current status of the human obesity gene map. Obes Res 4: 81-90, 1996. (Pubitemid 126690267)
15. Bouchard C, Perusse L, Rivest J, Roy R, Morissette J, Allard C, Theriault G, Leblanc C, Tremblay A. HLA system, body fat and fat distribution in children and adults. Int J Obes 9: 411-422, 1985. (Pubitemid 16189468)
16. Boule NG, Weisnagel SJ, Lakka TA, Tremblay A, Bergman RN, Rankinen T, Leon AS, Skinner JS, Wilmore JH, Rao DC, Bouchard C. Effects of exercise training on glucose homeostasis: the HERITAGE Family Study. Diabetes Care 28: 108-114, 2005. (Pubitemid 40095791)
17. Brautbar A, Ballantyne CM, Lawson K, Nambi V, Chambless L, Folsom AR, Willerson JT, Boerwinkle E. Impact of adding a single allele in the 9p21 locus to traditional risk factors on reclassification of coronary heart disease risk and implications for lipid-modifying therapy in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. Circ Cardiovasc Genet 2: 279-285, 2009.
18. Bray MS, Hagberg JM, Perusse L, Rankinen T, Roth SM, Wolfarth B, Bouchard C. The human gene map for performance and healthrelated fitness phenotypes: the 2006-2007 update. Med Sci Sports Exerc 41: 35-73, 2009.
19. Broeckel U, Hengstenberg C, Mayer B, Holmer S, Martin LJ, Comuzzie AG, Blangero J, Nurnberg P, Reis A, Riegger GA, Jacob HJ, Schunkert H. A comprehensive linkage analysis for myocardial infarction and its related risk factors. Nat Genet 30: 210-214, 2002.
20. Cambien F, Poirier O, Lecerf L, Evans A, Cambou J, Arveiler D, Luc G, Bard J, Ricard S, Tiret L, Amouyet P, Alhenc-Gelas F, Soubrier F. Deletion polymorphism in the gene for angiotensin-converting enzyme is a potent risk factor for myocardial infarction. Nature 359: 641-644, 1992.
21. Chagnon YC, Rice T, Peruse L, Borecki IB, Ho-Kim MA, Lacaille M, Pare C, Bouchard L, Gagnon J, Leon AS, Skinner JS, Wilmore JH, Rao DC, Bouchard C. Genomic scan for genes affecting body composition before and after training in Caucasians from HERITAGE. J Appl Physiol 90: 1777-1787, 2001. (Pubitemid 32336460)
22. Clement K, Garner C, Hager J, Philippi A, LeDuc C, Carey A, Harris TJ, Jury C, Cardon LR, Basdevant A, Demenais F, Guy- Grand B, North M, Froguel P. Indication for linkage of the human OB gene region with extreme obesity. Diabetes 45: 687-690, 1996. (Pubitemid 26142809)
23. Davignon J, Gregg R, Sing C. Apolipoprotein E polymorphism and atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 8: 1-21, 1988. (Pubitemid 18049171)
24. de Oliveira CM, Pereira AC, de AM, Soler JM, Krieger JE. Heritability of cardiovascular risk factors in a Brazilian population: Baependi Heart Study. BMC Med Genet 9: 32, 2008.
25. Delmonico MJ, Ferrell RE, Meerasahib A, Martel GF, Roth SM, Kostek MC, Hurley BF. Blood pressure response to strength training may be influenced by angiotensinogen A-20C and angiotensin II type I receptor A1166C genotypes in older men and women. J Am Geriatr Soc 53: 204-210, 2005. (Pubitemid 41632545)
26. Dengel DR, Brown MD, Ferrell RE, Reynolds TH, Supiano MA. Exercise-induced changes in insulin action are associated with ACE gene polymorphisms in older adults. Physiol Genomics 11: 73-80, 2002.
27. Duggirala R, Stern MP, Mitchell BD, Reinhart LJ, Shipman PA, Uresandi OC, Chung WK, Leibel RL, Hales CN, O'Connell P, Blangero J. Quantitative variation in obesity-related traits and insulin precursors linked to the OB gene region on human chromosome 7. Am J Hum Genet 59: 694-703, 1996. (Pubitemid 26269048)
28. Elbein S, Rotwein P, Permutt MA, Bell GI, Sanz N, Karam JH. Lack of association of the polymorphic locus in the 5'-flanking region of the human insulin gene and diabetes in American blacks. Diabetes 34: 433-439, 1985. (Pubitemid 15083720)
29. Elbein SC, Chiu KC, Hoffman MD, Mayorga RA, Bragg KL, Leppert MF. Linkage analysis of 19 candidate regions for insulin resistance in familial NIDDM. Diabetes 44: 1259-1265, 1995.
30. Evans AE, Poirier O, Kee F, Lecerf L, McCrum E, Falconer T, Crane J, O'Rourke DF, Cambien F. Polymorphisms of the angiotensin- converting-enzyme gene in subjects who die from coronary heart disease. Q J Med 87: 211-214, 1994.
31. Feitosa MF, Borecki IB, Rankinen T, Rice T, Despres JP, Chagnon YC, Gagnon J, Leon AS, Skinner JS, Bouchard C, Province MA, Rao DC. Evidence of QTLs on chromosomes 1q42 and 8q24 for LDLcholesterol and apoB levels in the HERITAGE family study. J Lipid Res 46: 281-286, 2005. (Pubitemid 40271092)
32. Feitosa MF, Borecki IB, Rich SS, Arnett DK, Sholinsky P, Myers RH, Leppert M, Province MA. Quantitative-trait loci influencing bodymass index reside on chromosomes 7 and 13: the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Family Heart Study. Am J Hum Genet 70: 72-82, 2002. (Pubitemid 34031699)
33. Feitosa MF, Rice T, North KE, Kraja A, Rankinen T, Leon AS, Skinner JS, Blangero J, Bouchard C, Rao DC. Pleiotropic QTL on chromosome 19q13 for triglycerides and adiposity: the HERITAGE Family Study. Atherosclerosis 185: 426-432, 2006.
34. Foschini D, Araujo RC, Bacurau RF, De PA, De Almeida SS, Carnier J, Rosa TD, De Mello MT, Tufik S, Damaso AR. Treatment of obese adolescents: the influence of periodization models and ACE genotype. Obesity 18: 766-772, 2010.
35. Francke S, Manraj M, Lacquemant C, Lecoeur C, Lepretre F, Passa P, Hebe A, Corset L, Yan SL, Lahmidi S, Jankee S, Gunness TK, Ramjuttun US, Balgobin V, Dina C, Froguel P. A genome-wide scan for coronary heart disease suggests in Indo-Mauritians a susceptibility locus on chromosome 16p13 and replicates linkage with the metabolic syndrome on 3q27. Hum Mol Genet 10: 2751-2765, 2001. (Pubitemid 34026457)
36. Franks PW, Jablonski KA, Delahanty LM, McAteer JB, Kahn SE, Knowler WC, Florez JC. Assessing gene-treatment interactions at the FTO and INSIG2 loci on obesity-related traits in the Diabetes Prevention Program. Diabetologia 51: 2214-2223, 2008.
37. Garenc C, Perusse L, Chagnon YC, Rankinen T, Gagnon J, Borecki IB, Leon AS, Skinner JS, Wilmore JH, Rao DC, Bouchard C. Effects of beta2-adrenergic receptor gene variants on adiposity: the HERITAGE Family Study. Obes Res 11: 612-618, 2003. (Pubitemid 41151611)
38. Green ED, Guyer MS. Charting a course for genomic medicine from base pairs to bedside. Nature 470: 204-213, 2011.
39. Grove ML, Morrison A, Folsom AR, Boerwinkle E, Hoelscher DM, Bray MS. Gene-environment interaction and the GNB3 gene in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. Int J Obes (Lond) 31: 919-926, 2007. (Pubitemid 46842690)
40. Hagberg JM, Ferrell RE, Dengel DR, Wilund KR. Exercise traininginduced blood pressure and plasma lipid improvements in hypertensives may be genotype dependent. Hypertension 34: 18-23, 1999. (Pubitemid 29325713)
41. Hagberg JM, Ferrell RE, Katzel LI, Dengel DR, Sorkin JD, Goldberg AP. Apolipoprotein E genotype and exercise training-induced increases in plasma HDL - and HDL2-cholesterol levels. Metabolism 48: 943-945, 1999.
42. Hager J, Dina C, Francke S, Dubois S, Houari M, Vatin V, Vaillant E, Lorentz N, Basdevant A, Clement K, Guy-Grand B, Froguel P. A genome-wide scan for human obesity genes reveals a major susceptibility locus on chromosome 10. Nat Genet 20: 304-308, 1998. (Pubitemid 28507680)
43. Halverstadt A, Phares DA, Wilund KR, Goldberg AP, Hagberg JM. Endurance exercise training raises high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and lowers small low-density lipoprotein and very low-density lipoprotein independent of body fat phenotypes in older men and women. Metabolism 56: 444-450, 2007. (Pubitemid 46437252)
44. Hanis CL, Boerwinkle E, Chakraborty R, Ellsworth DL, Concannon P, Stirling B, Morrison VA, Wapelhorst B, Spielman RS, Gogolin- Ewens KJ, Shepard JM, Williams SR, Risch N, Hinds D, Iwasaki N, Ogata M, Omori Y, Petzold C, Rietzch H, Schroder HE, Schulze J, Cox NJ, Menzel S, Boriraj VV, Chen X, Lim LR, Lindner T, Mereu LE, Wang YQ, Xiang K, Yamagata K, Yang Y, Bell GI. A genomewide search for human non-insulin-dependent (type 2) diabetes genes reveals a major susceptibility locus on chromosome 2. Nat Genet 13: 161-166, 1996. (Pubitemid 26000435)
45. Harrap SB, Davidson HR, Connor JM, Soubrier F, Corvol P, Fraser R, Foy CJ, Watt GM. The angiotensin I converting enzyme gene and predisposition to high blood pressure. Hypertension 21: 455-460, 1993. (Pubitemid 23095158)
46. Harrap SB, Zammit KS, Wong ZY, Williams FM, Bahlo M, Tonkin AM, Anderson ST. Genome-wide linkage analysis of the acute coronary syndrome suggests a locus on chromosome 2. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 22: 874-878, 2002. (Pubitemid 34517804)
47. Hata A, Namikawa C, Sasaki M, Sato K, Nakamura T, Tamura K, Lalouel JM. Angiotensinogen as a risk factor for essential hypertension in Japan. J Clin Invest 93: 1285-1287, 1994. (Pubitemid 24087185)
48. Havekes L, Vermeer BJ, de WE, Emeis JJ, Vaandrager H, van Gent CM, Koster JF. Suppression of cholesterol synthesis in cultured fibroblasts from a patient with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia by her own low density lipoprotein density fraction. A possible role of apolipoprotein E. Biochim Biophys Acta 617: 529-535, 1980. (Pubitemid 10118766)
49. Hegele RA. Plasma lipoproteins: genetic influences and clinical implications. Nat Rev Genet 10: 109-121, 2009.
50. Hegele RA, Brunt JH, Connelly PW. A polymorphism of the angiotensinogen gene associated with variation in blood pressure in a genetic isolate. Circulation 90: 2207-2212, 1994. (Pubitemid 24354303)
51. Heiberg A. The heritability of serum lipoprotein and lipid concentrations. A twin study. Clin Genet 6: 307-316, 1974.
52. Herapath CE, Perry CB. The coronary arteries in a case of familial liability to sudden death. Br Med J 1: 685-687, 1930.
53. Hitman GA, Jowett NI, Williams LG, Humphries S, Winter RM, Galton DJ. Polymorphisms in the 5'-flanking region of the insulin gene and non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Clin Sci (Lond) 66: 383-388, 1984. (Pubitemid 14198987)
54. Hiura Y, Shen CS, Kokubo Y, Okamura T, Morisaki T, Tomoike H, Yoshida T, Sakamoto H, Goto Y, Nonogi H, Iwai N. Identification of genetic markers associated with high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol by genome-wide screening in a Japanese population: the Suita study. Circ J 73: 1119-1126, 2009.
55. Hong Y, Rice T, Gagnon J, Perusse L, Province M, Bouchard C, Leon AS, Skinner JS, Wilmore JH, Rao DC, Despres JP. Familiality of triglyceride and LPL response to exercise training: The HERITAGE study. Med Sci Sports Exerc 32: 1438-1444, 2000. (Pubitemid 30618569)
56. Horikawa Y, Oda N, Cox NJ, Li X, Orho-Melander M, Hara M, Hinokio Y, Lindner TH, Mashima H, Schwarz PE, del Bosque-Plata L, Horikawa Y, Oda Y, Yoshiuchi I, Colilla S, Polonsky KS,Wei S, Concannon P, Iwasaki N, Schulze J, Baier LJ, Bogardus C, Groop L, Boerwinkle E, Hanis CL, Bell GI. Genetic variation in the gene encoding calpain-10 is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nat Genet 26: 163-175, 2000.
57. Hunt SC, Abkevich V, Hensel CH, Gutin A, Neff CD, Russell DL, Tran T, Hong X, Jammulapati S, Riley R, Weaver-Feldhaus J, Macalma T, Richards MM, Gress R, Francis M, Thomas A, Frech GC, Adams TD, Shattuck D, Stone S. Linkage of body mass index to chromosome 20 in Utah pedigrees. Hum Genet 109: 279-285, 2001. (Pubitemid 32926922)
58. Jeunemaitre X, Soubrier F, Kotelevtsev YV, Lifton RP, Williams CS, Charru A, Hunt SC, Hopkins PN, Williams RR, Lalouel JM. Molecular basis of human hypertension: role of angiotensinogen. Cell 71: 169-180, 1992.
59. Kahara T, Hayakawa T, Nagai Y, Shimizu A, Takamura T. Gln27Glu polymorphism of the beta2 adrenergic receptor gene in healthy Japanese men is associated with the change of fructosamine level caused by exercise. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 64: 207-212, 2004. (Pubitemid 38582013)
60. Kahara T, Takamura T, Hayakawa T, Nagai Y, Yamaguchi H, Katsuki T, Katsuki K, Katsuki M, Kobayashi K. Prediction of exercise- mediated changes in metabolic markers by gene polymorphism. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 57: 105-110, 2002. (Pubitemid 34626449)
61. Kathiresan S, Manning AK, Demissie S, D'Agostino RB, Surti A, Guiducci C, Gianniny L, Burtt NP, Melander O, Orho-Melander M, Arnett DK, Peloso GM, Ordovas JM, Cupples LA. A genome-wide association study for blood lipid phenotypes in the Framingham Heart Study. BMC Med Genet 8, Suppl 1: S17, 2007.
62. Kim K. Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism with obesity, cardiovascular risk factors and exercisemediated changes in Korean women. Eur J Appl Physiol 105: 879-887, 2009.
63. Kimura T, Yokoyama T, Matsumura Y, Yoshiike N, Date C, Muramatsu M, Tanaka H. NOS3 genotype-dependent correlation between blood pressure and physical activity. Hypertension 41: 355-360, 2003. (Pubitemid 36204914)
64. Knoblauch H, Bauerfeind A, Toliat MR, Becker C, Luganskaja T, Gunther UP, Rohde K, Schuster H, Junghans C, Luft FC, Nurnberg P, Reich JG. Haplotypes and SNPs in 13 lipid-relevant genes explain most of the genetic variance in high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Hum Mol Genet 13: 993-1004, 2004. (Pubitemid 38702186)
65. Knowler WC, Pettitt DJ, Vasquez B, Rotwein PS, Andreone TL, Permutt MA. Polymorphism in the 5' flanking region of the human insulin gene. Relationships with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, glucose and insulin concentrations, and diabetes treatment in the Pima Indians. J Clin Invest 74: 2129-2135, 1984. (Pubitemid 15197357)
66. Koizumi J, Mabuchi H, Yoshimura A, Michishita I, Takeda M, Itoh H, Sakai Y, Sakai T, Ueda K, Takeda R. Deficiency of serum cholesteryl-ester transfer activity in patients with familial hyperalphalipoproteinaemia. Atherosclerosis 58: 175-186, 1985. (Pubitemid 16173307)
67. Kumar J, Yumnam S, Basu T, Ghosh A, Garg G, Karthikeyan G, Sengupta S. Association of polymorphisms in 9p21 region with CAD in North Indian population: replication of SNPs identified through GWAS. Clin Genet 2010.
68. Laaksonen DE, Siitonen N, Lindstrom J, Eriksson JG, Reunanen P, Tuomilehto J, Uusitupa M. Physical activity, diet, and incident diabetes in relation to an ADRA2B polymorphism. Med Sci Sports Exerc 39: 227-232, 2007. (Pubitemid 46204288)
69. Lakka TA, Rankinen T, Weisnagel SJ, Chagnon YC, Lakka HM, Ukkola O, Boule N, Rice T, Leon AS, Skinner JS, Wilmore JH, Rao DC, Bergman R, Bouchard C. Leptin and leptin receptor gene polymorphisms and changes in glucose homeostasis in response to regular exercise in nondiabetic individuals: the HERITAGE family study. Diabetes 53: 1603-1608, 2004. (Pubitemid 38697676)
70. Lakka TA, Rankinen T, Weisnagel SJ, Chagnon YC, Rice T, Leon AS, Skinner JS, Wilmore JH, Rao DC, Bouchard C. A quantitative trait locus on 7q31 for the changes in plasma insulin in response to exercise training: the HERITAGE Family Study. Diabetes 52: 1583-1587, 2003. (Pubitemid 36666219)
71. Lange LA, Lange EM, Bielak LF, Langefeld CD, Kardia SL, Royston P, Turner ST, Sheedy PF, Boerwinkle E, Peyser PA. Autosomal genome-wide scan for coronary artery calcification loci in sibships at high risk for hypertension. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 22: 418-423, 2002. (Pubitemid 34218748)
72. Lappalainen TJ, Tolppanen AM, Kolehmainen M, Schwab U, Lindstrom J, Tuomilehto J, Pulkkinen L, Eriksson JG, Laakso M, Gylling H, Uusitupa M. The common variant in the FTO gene did not modify the effect of lifestyle changes on body weight: the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study. Obesity 17: 832-836, 2009.
73. Larson MG, Atwood LD, Benjamin EJ, Cupples LA, D'Agostino RB, Sr, Fox CS, Govindaraju DR, Guo CY, Heard-Costa NL, Hwang SJ, Murabito JM, Newton-Cheh C, O'Donnell CJ, Seshadri S, Vasan RS, Wang TJ, Wolf PA, Levy D. Framingham Heart Study 100K project: genome-wide associations for cardiovascular disease outcomes. BMC Med Genet 8, Suppl 1: S5, 2007.
74. Lemmens R, Abboud S, Robberecht W, Vanhees L, Pandolfo M, Thijs V, Goris A. Variant on 9p21 strongly associates with coronary heart disease, but lacks association with common stroke. Eur J Hum Genet 17: 1287-1293, 2009.
75. Leon AS, Gaskill SE, Rice T, Bergeron J, Gagnon J, Rao DC, Skinner JS, Wilmore JH, Bouchard C. Variability in the response of HDL Cholesterol to exercise training in the HERITAGE family study. Int J Sports Med 23: 1-9, 2002. (Pubitemid 34033015)
76. Leon AS, Togashi K, Rankinen T, Despres JP, Rao DC, Skinner JS, Wilmore JH, Bouchard C. Association of apolipoprotein E polymorphism with blood lipids and maximal oxygen uptake in the sedentary state and after exercise training in the HERITAGE family study. Metabolism 53: 108-116, 2004. (Pubitemid 38071945)
77. Lindsay RS, Kobes S, Knowler WC, Bennett PH, Hanson RL. Genome-wide linkage analysis assessing parent-of-origin effects in the inheritance of type 2 diabetes and BMI in Pima Indians. Diabetes 50: 2850-2857, 2001. (Pubitemid 33733138)
78. Lindsten J, Cerasi E, Luft R, Morton N, Ryman N. Significance of genetic factors for the plasma insulin response to glucose in healthy subjects. Clin Genet 10: 125-134, 1976.
79. Mahtani MM, Widen E, Lehto M, Thomas J, McCarthy M, Brayer J, Bryant B, Chan G, Daly M, Forsblom C, Kanninen T, Kirby A, Kruglyak L, Munnelly K, Parkkonen M, Reeve-Daly MP, Weaver A, Brettin T, Duyk G, Lander ES, Groop LC. Mapping of a gene for type 2 diabetes associated with an insulin secretion defect by a genome scan in Finnish families. Nat Genet 14: 90-94, 1996. (Pubitemid 26301553)
80. Mandrup-Poulsen T, Owerbach D, Mortensen SA, Johansen K, Meinertz H, Sorensen H, Nerup J. A genetic marker for atherosclerosis? Lancet 1: 1131, 1984. (Pubitemid 14100833)
81. Marian AJ, Yu QT, Workman R, Greve G, Roberts R. Angiotensinconverting enzyme polymorphism in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and sudden cardiac death. Lancet 342: 1085-1086, 1993. (Pubitemid 23338741)
82. McPherson R, Pertsemlidis A, Kavaslar N, Stewart A, Roberts R, Cox DR, Hinds DA, Pennacchio LA, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Folsom AR, Boerwinkle E, Hobbs HH, Cohen JC. A common allele on chromosome 9 associated with coronary heart disease. Science 316: 1488-1491, 2007. (Pubitemid 46906617)
83. Menzel HJ, Kladetzky RG, Assmann G. Apolipoprotein E polymorphism and coronary artery disease. Arteriosclerosis 3: 310-315, 1983. (Pubitemid 13030918)
84. Mitchell JA, Church TS, Rankinen T, Earnest CP, Sui X, Blair SN. FTO genotype and the weight loss benefits of moderate intensity exercise. Obesity 18: 641-643, 2010.
85. Montgomery H, Clarkson P, Barnard M, Bell J, Brynes A, Dollery C, Hajnal J, Hemingway H, Mercer D, Jarman P, Marshall R, Prasad K, Rayson M, Saeed N, Talmud P, Thomas L, Jubb M, World M, Humphries S. Angiotensin-converting-enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism and response to physical training. Lancet 353: 541-545, 1999. (Pubitemid 29078424)
86. Moore AF, Florez JC. Genetic susceptibility to type 2 diabetes and implications for antidiabetic therapy. Annu Rev Med 59: 95-111, 2008. (Pubitemid 351287926)
87. Mukherjee M, Shetty KR. Variations in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in relation to physical activity and Taq 1B polymorphism of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene. Clin Genet 65: 412-418, 2004. (Pubitemid 38659712)
88. Namboodiri KK, Kaplan EB, Heuch I, Elston RC, Green PP, Rao DC, Laskarzewski P, Glueck CJ, Rifkind BM. The Collaborative Lipid Research Clinics Family Study: biological and cultural determinants of familial resemblance for plasma lipids and lipoproteins. Genet Epidemiol 2: 227-254, 1985. (Pubitemid 15023349)
89. Negrao MV, Alves CR, Alves GB, Pereira AC, Dias RG, Laterza MC, Mota GF, Oliveira EM, Bassaneze V, Krieger JE, Negrao CE, Rondon MU. Exercise training improves muscle vasodilatation in individuals with T786C polymorphism of endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene. Physiol Genomics 42A: 71-77, 2010.
90. Newton-Cheh C, Johnson T, Gateva V, Tobin MD, Bochud M, Coin L, Najjar SS, Zhao JH, Heath SC, Eyheramendy S, Papadakis K, Voight BF, Scott LJ, Zhang F, Farrall M, Tanaka T, Wallace C, Chambers JC, Khaw KT, Nilsson P, van der HP, Polidoro S, Grobbee DE, Onland-Moret NC, Bots ML, Wain LV, Elliott KS, Teumer A, Luan J, Lucas G, Kuusisto J, Burton PR, Hadley D, McArdle WL, Brown M, Dominiczak A, Newhouse SJ, Samani NJ, Webster J, Zeggini E, Beckmann JS, Bergmann S, Lim N, Song K, Vollenweider P, Waeber G, Waterworth DM, Yuan X, Groop L, Orho-Melander M, Allione A, Di GA, Guarrera S, Panico S, Ricceri F, Romanazzi V, Sacerdote C, Vineis P, Barroso I, Sandhu MS, Luben RN, Crawford GJ, Jousilahti P, Perola M, Boehnke M, Bonnycastle LL, Collins FS, Jackson AU, Mohlke KL, Stringham HM, Valle TT, Willer CJ, Bergman RN, Morken MA, Doring A, Gieger C, Illig T, Meitinger T, Org E, Pfeufer A, Wichmann HE, Kathiresan S, Marrugat J, O'Donnell CJ, Schwartz SM, Siscovick DS, Subirana I, Freimer NB, Hartikainen AL, McCarthy MI, O'Reilly PF, Peltonen L, Pouta A, de Jong PE, Snieder H, van Gilst WH, Clarke R, Goel A, Hamsten A, Peden JF, Seedorf U, Syvanen AC, Tognoni G, Lakatta EG, Sanna S, Scheet P, Schlessinger D, Scuteri A, Dorr M, Ernst F, Felix SB, Homuth G, Lorbeer R, Reffelmann T, Rettig R, Volker U, Galan P, Gut IG, Hercberg S, Lathrop GM, Zelenika D, Deloukas P, Soranzo N, Williams FM, Zhai G, Salomaa V, Laakso M, Elosua R, Forouhi NG, Volzke H, Uiterwaal CS, van der Schouw YT, Numans ME, Matullo G, Navis G, Berglund G, Bingham SA, Kooner JS, Connell JM, Bandinelli S, Ferrucci L, Watkins H, Spector TD, Tuomilehto J, Altshuler D, Strachan DP, Laan M, Meneton P, Wareham NJ, Uda M, Jarvelin MR, Mooser V, Melander O, Loos RJ, Elliott P, Abecasis GR, Caulfield M, Munroe PB. Genome-wide association study identifies eight loci associated with blood pressure. Nat Genet 2009.
91. Nishina PM, Johnson JP, Naggert JK, Krauss RM. Linkage of atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype to the low density lipoprotein receptor locus on the short arm of chromosome 19. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89: 708-712, 1992.
92. Norman RA, Thompson DB, Foroud T, Garvey WT, Bennett PH, Bogardus C, Ravussin E. Genomewide search for genes influencing percent body fat in Pima Indians: suggestive linkage at chromosome 11q21-q22. Pima Diabetes Gene Group. Am J Hum Genet 60: 166-173, 1997. (Pubitemid 26427791)
93. O'Donnell CJ, Cupples LA, D'Agostino RB, Fox CS, Hoffmann U, Hwang SJ, Ingellson E, Liu C, Murabito JM, Polak JF, Wolf PA, Demissie S. Genome-wide association study for subclinical atherosclerosis in major arterial territories in the NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study. BMC Med Genet 8, Suppl 1: S4, 2007.
94. O'Donnell CJ, Nabel EG. Cardiovascular genomics, personalized medicine, and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute: part I: the beginning of an era. Circ Cardiovasc Genet 1: 51-57, 2008.
95. Ostergard T, Ek J, Hamid Y, Saltin B, Pedersen OB, Hansen T, Schmitz O. Influence of the PPAR-gamma2 Pro12Ala and ACE I/D polymorphisms on insulin sensitivity and training effects in healthy offspring of type 2 diabetic subjects. Horm Metab Res 37: 99-105, 2005. (Pubitemid 40445131)
96. Owerbach D, Johansen K, Billesbolle P, Poulsen S, Schroll M, Nerup J. Possible association between DNA sequences flanking the insulin gene and atherosclerosis. Lancet 2: 1291-1293, 1982. (Pubitemid 13240913)
97. Owerbach D, Nerup J. Restriction fragment length polymorphism of the insulin gene in diabetes mellitus. Diabetes 31: 275-277, 1982. (Pubitemid 12170301)
98. Pajukanta P, Cargill M, Viitanen L, Nuotio I, Kareinen A, Perola M, Terwilliger JD, Kempas E, Daly M, Lilja H, Rioux JD, Brettin T, Viikari JS, Ronnemaa T, Laakso M, Lander ES, Peltonen L. Two loci on chromosomes 2 and X for premature coronary heart disease identified in early- and late-settlement populations of Finland. Am J Hum Genet 67: 1481-1493, 2000.
99. Permutt MA, Rotwein P, Andreone T, Ward WK, Porte D Jr. Islet beta-cell function and polymorphism in the 5'-flanking region of the human insulin gene. Diabetes 34: 311-314, 1985. (Pubitemid 15143710)
100. Perusse L, Chagnon YC, Dionne FT, Bouchard C. The human obesity gene map: the 1996 update. Obes Res 5: 49-61, 1997. (Pubitemid 127702770)
101. Perusse L, Rice T, Despres JP, Rao DC, Bouchard C. Cross-trait familial resemblance for body fat and blood lipids: familial correlations in the Quebec Family Study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 17: 3270-3277, 1997. (Pubitemid 28016088)
102. Perusse L, Rice T, Province MA, Gagnon J, Leon AS, Skinner JS, Wilmore JH, Rao DC, Bouchard C. Familial aggregation of amount and distribution of subcutaneous fat and their responses to exercise training in the HERITAGE family study. Obes Res 8: 140-150, 2000.
103. Phares DA, Halverstadt AA, Shuldiner AR, Ferrell RE, Douglass LW, Ryan AS, Goldberg AP, Hagberg JM. Association between body fat response to exercise training and multilocus ADR genotypes. Obes Res 12: 807-815, 2004. (Pubitemid 41127316)
104. Pincus G, White P. On the inheritance of diabetes mellitus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 19: 631-635, 1933.
105. Rainwater DL, Almasy L, Blangero J, Cole SA, VandeBerg JL, MacCluer JW, Hixson JE. A genome search identifies major quantitative trait loci on human chromosomes 3 and 4 that influence cholesterol concentrations in small LDL particles. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 19: 777-783, 1999. (Pubitemid 29135184)
106. Rampersaud E, Mitchell BD, Pollin TI, Fu M, Shen H, O'Connell JR, Ducharme JL, Hines S, Sack P, Naglieri R, Shuldiner AR, Snitker S. Physical activity and the association of common FTO gene variants with body mass index and obesity. Arch Intern Med 168: 1791-1797, 2008.
107. Rankinen T, An P, Rice T, Sun G, Chagnon YC, Gagnon J, Leon AS, Skinner JS, Wilmore JH, Rao DC, Bouchard C. Genomic scan for exercise blood pressure in the Health, Risk Factors, Exercise Training and Genetics (HERITAGE) Family Study. Hypertension 38: 30-37, 2001. (Pubitemid 34224767)
108. Rankinen T, Church T, Rice T, Markward N, Leon AS, Rao DC, Skinner JS, Blair SN, Bouchard C. Effect of endothelin 1 genotype on blood pressure is dependent on physical activity or fitness levels. Hypertension 50: 1120-1125, 2007. (Pubitemid 350172935)
109. Rankinen T, Gagnon J, Perusse L, Chagnon YC, Rice T, Leon AS, Skinner JS, Wilmore JH, Rao DC, Bouchard C. AGT M235T and ACE ID polymorphisms and exercise blood pressure in the HERITAGE Family Study. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 279: H368-H374, 2000. (Pubitemid 30616680)
110. Rankinen T, Rice T, Leon AS, Skinner JS, Wilmore JH, Rao DC, Bouchard C. G protein beta 3 polymorphism and hemodynamic and body composition phenotypes in the HERITAGE Family Study. Physiol Genomics 8: 151-157, 2002. (Pubitemid 135707311)
111. Rankinen T, Rice T, Teran-Garcia M, Rao DC, Bouchard C. FTO genotype is associated with exercise training-induced changes in body composition. Obesity 18: 322-326, 2010.
112. Rankinen T, Roth SM, Bray MS, Loos R, Perusse L, Wolfarth B, Hagberg JM, Bouchard C. Advances in exercise, fitness, and performance genomics. Med Sci Sports Exerc 42: 835-846, 2010.
113. Rankinen T, Zuberi A, Chagnon YC, Weisnagel SJ, Argyropoulos G, Walts B, Perusse L, Bouchard C. The human obesity gene map: the 2005 update. Obesity 14: 529-644, 2006. (Pubitemid 46219737)
114. Rauramaa R, Kuhanen R, Lakka TA, Vaisanen SB, Halonen P, Alen M, Rankinen T, Bouchard C. Physical exercise and blood pressure with reference to the angiotensinogen M235T polymorphism. Physiol Genomics 10: 71-77, 2002. (Pubitemid 135707431)
115. Raynolds MV, Bristow MR, Bush EW, Abraham WT, Lowes BD, Zisman LS, Taft CS, Perryman MB. Angiotensin-converting enzyme DD genotype in patients with ischaemic or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Lancet 342: 1073-1075, 1993. (Pubitemid 23338738)
116. Reed DR, Ding Y, Xu W, Cather C, Green ED, Price RA. Extreme obesity may be linked to markers flanking the human OB gene. Diabetes 45: 691-694, 1996. (Pubitemid 26142810)
117. Rice T, An P, Gagnon J, Leon AS, Skinner JS, Wilmore JH, Bouchard C, Rao DC. Heritability of HR and BP response to exercise training in the HERITAGE Family Study. Med Sci Sports Exerc 34: 972-979, 2002. (Pubitemid 34602801)
118. Rice T, Despres JP, Daw EW, Gagnon J, Borecki IB, Perusse L, Leon AS, Skinner JS, Wilmore JH, Rao DC, Bouchard C. Familial resemblance for abdominal visceral fat: the HERITAGE family study. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 21: 1024-1031, 1997. (Pubitemid 27462407)
119. Rice T, Despres JP, Perusse L, Hong Y, Province MA, Bergeron J, Gagnon J, Leon AS, Skinner JS, Wilmore JH, Bouchard C, Rao DC. Familial aggregation of blood lipid responses to exercise training in the health, risk factors, exercise training, and genetics (HERITAGE) family study. Circulation 105: 1904-1908, 2002. (Pubitemid 34437616)
120. Rice T, Hong Y, Perusse L, Despres JP, Gagnon J, Leon AS, Skinner JS, Wilmore JH, Bouchard C, Rao DC. Total body fat and abdominal visceral fat response to exercise training in the HERITAGE Family Study: evidence for major locus but no multifactorial effects. Metabolism 48: 1278-1286, 1999. (Pubitemid 29496076)
121. Rice T, Rankinen T, Chagnon YC, Province MA, Perusse L, Leon AS, Skinner JS, Wilmore JH, Bouchard C, Rao DC. Genomewide linkage scan of resting blood pressure: HERITAGE Family Study. Health, Risk Factors, Exercise Training, and Genetics. Hypertension 39: 1037-1043, 2002. (Pubitemid 34620120)
122. Rice T, Rankinen T, Province MA, Chagnon YC, Perusse L, Borecki IB, Bouchard C, Rao DC. Genome-wide linkage analysis of systolic and diastolic blood pressure: the Quebec Family Study. Circulation 102: 1956-1963, 2000.
123. Rotwein P, Chyn R, Chirgwin J, Cordell B, Goodman HM, Permut MA. Polymorphism in the 5'-flanking region of the human insulin gene and its possible relation to type 2 diabetes. Science 213: 1117-1120, 1981. (Pubitemid 11021256)
124. Rotwein PS, Chirgwin J, Province M, Knowler WC, Pettitt DJ, Cordell B, Goodman HM, Permutt MA. Polymorphism in the 5= flanking region of the human insulin gene: a genetic marker for noninsulin- dependent diabetes. N Engl J Med 308: 65-71, 1983. (Pubitemid 13221184)
125. Ruchat SM, Rankinen T, Weisnagel SJ, Rice T, Rao DC, Bergman RN, Bouchard C, Perusse L. Improvements in glucose homeostasis in response to regular exercise are influenced by the PPARG Pro12Ala variant: results from the HERITAGE Family Study. Diabetologia 53: 679-689, 2010.
126. Sakane N, Yoshida T, Umekawa T, Kogure A, Takakura Y, Kondo M. Effects of Trp64Arg mutation in the beta 3-adrenergic receptor gene on weight loss, body fat distribution, glycemic control, and insulin resistance in obese type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 20: 1887- 1890, 1997. (Pubitemid 27522901)
127. Saleheen D, Alexander M, Rasheed A, Wormser D, Soranzo N, Hammond N, Butterworth A, Zaidi M, Haycock P, Bumpstead S, Potter S, Blackburn H, Gray E, Di AE, Kaptoge S, Shah N, Samuel M, Janjua A, Sheikh N, Haider SR, Murtaza M, Ahmad U, Hakeem A, Memon MA, Mallick NH, Azhar M, Samad A, Rasheed SZ, Gardezi AR, Memon NA, Ghaffar A, Memon FU, Zaman KS, Kundi A, Yaqoob Z, Cheema LA, Qamar N, Faruqui A, Jooma R, Niazi JH, Hussain M, Kumar K, Saleem A, Kumar K, Daood MS, Memon F, Gul AA, Abbas S, Zafar J, Shahid F, Memon Z, Bhatti SM, Kayani W, Ali SS, Fahim M, Ishaq M, Frossard P, Deloukas P, Danesh J. Association of the 9p21.3 locus with risk of first-ever myocardial infarction in Pakistanis: case-control study in South Asia and updated meta- analysis of Europeans. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 30: 1467-1473, 2010.
128. Samani NJ, Erdmann J, Hall AS, Hengstenberg C, Mangino M, Mayer B, Dixon RJ, Meitinger T, Braund P, Wichmann HE, Barrett JH, Konig IR, Stevens SE, Szymczak S, Tregouet DA, Iles MM, Pahlke F, Pollard H, Lieb W, Cambien F, Fischer M, Ouwehand W, Blankenberg S, Balmforth AJ, Baessler A, Ball SG, Strom TM, Braenne I, Gieger C, Deloukas P, Tobin MD, Ziegler A, Thompson JR, Schunkert H. Genomewide association analysis of coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 357: 443-453, 2007. (Pubitemid 47204873)
129. Shiwaku K, Nogi A, Anuurad E, Kitajima K, Enkhmaa B, Shimono K, Yamane Y. Difficulty in losing weight by behavioral intervention for women with Trp64Arg polymorphism of the beta3-adrenergic receptor gene. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 27: 1028-1036, 2003. (Pubitemid 37059607)
130. Sonestedt E, Roos C, Gullberg B, Ericson U, Wirfalt E, Orho- Melander M. Fat and carbohydrate intake modify the association between genetic variation in the FTO genotype and obesity. Am J Clin Nutr 90: 1418-1425, 2009.
131. Song Y, Lee K, Sung J, Lee D, Lee MK, Lee JY. Genetic and environmental relationships between Framingham Risk Score and adiposity measures in Koreans: The Healthy Twin Study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2010 December 23 [EPub ahead of print].
132. Speliotes EK, Willer CJ, Berndt SI, Monda KL, Thorleifsson G, Jackson AU, Allen HL, Lindgren CM, Luan J, Magi R, Randall JC, Vedantam S, Winkler TW, Qi L, Workalemahu T, Heid IM, Steinthorsdottir V, Stringham HM, Weedon MN, Wheeler E, Wood AR, Ferreira T, Weyant RJ, Segre AV, Estrada K, Liang L, Nemesh J, Park JH, Gustafsson S, Kilpelainen TO, Yang J, Bouatia-Naji N, Esko T, Feitosa MF, Kutalik Z, Mangino M, Raychaudhuri S, Scherag A, Smith AV, Welch R, Zhao JH, Aben KK, Absher DM, Amin N, Dixon AL, Fisher E, Glazer NL, Goddard ME, Heard-Costa NL, Hoesel V, Hottenga JJ, Johansson A, Johnson T, Ketkar S, Lamina C, Li S, Moffatt MF, Myers RH, Narisu N, Perry JR, Peters MJ, Preuss M, Ripatti S, Rivadeneira F, Sandholt C, Scott LJ, Timpson NJ, Tyrer JP, van WS, Watanabe RM, White CC, Wiklund F, Barlassina C, Chasman DI, Cooper MN, Jansson JO, Lawrence RW, Pellikka N, Prokopenko I, Shi J, Thiering E, Alavere H, Alibrandi MT, Almgren P, Arnold AM, Aspelund T, Atwood LD, Balkau B, Balmforth AJ, Bennett AJ, Ben-Shlomo Y, Bergman RN, Bergmann S, Biebermann H, Blakemore AI, Boes T, Bonnycastle LL, Bornstein SR, Brown MJ, Buchanan TA, Busonero F, Campbell H, Cappuccio FP, Cavalcanti-Proenca C, Chen YD, Chen CM, Chines PS, Clarke R, Coin L, Connell J, Day IN, Heijer M, Duan J, Ebrahim S, Elliott P, Elosua R, Eiriksdottir G, Erdos MR, Eriksson JG, Facheris MF, Felix SB, Fischer-Posovszky P, Folsom AR, Friedrich N, Freimer NB, Fu M, Gaget S, Gejman PV, Geus EJ, Gieger C, Gjesing AP, Goel A, Goyette P, Grallert H, Grassler J, Greenawalt DM, Groves CJ, Gudnason V, Guiducci C, Hartikainen AL, Hassanali N, Hall AS, Havulinna AS, Hayward C, Heath AC, Hengstenberg C, Hicks AA, Hinney A, Hofman A, Homuth G, Hui J, Igl W, Iribarren C, Isomaa B, Jacobs KB, Jarick I, Jewell E, John U, Jorgensen T, Jousilahti P, Jula A, Kaakinen M, Kajantie E, Kaplan LM, Kathiresan S, Kettunen J, Kinnunen L, Knowles JW, Kolcic I, Konig IR, Koskinen S, Kovacs P, Kuusisto J, Kraft P, Kvaloy K, Laitinen J, Lantieri O, Lanzani C, Launer LJ, Lecoeur C, Lehtimaki T, Lettre G, Liu J, Lokki ML, Lorentzon M, Luben RN, Ludwig B, Manunta P, Marek D, Marre M, Martin NG, McArdle WL, McCarthy A, McKnight B, Meitinger T, Melander O, Meyre D, Midthjell K, Montgomery GW, Morken MA, Morris AP, Mulic R, Ngwa JS, Nelis M, Neville MJ, Nyholt DR, O'Donnell CJ, O'Rahilly S, Ong KK, Oostra B, Pare G, Parker AN, Perola M, Pichler I, Pietilainen KH, Platou CG, Polasek O, Pouta A, Rafelt S, Raitakari O, Rayner NW, Ridderstrale M, Rief W, Ruokonen A, Robertson NR, Rzehak P, Salomaa V, Sanders AR, Sandhu MS, Sanna S, Saramies J, Savolainen MJ, Scherag S, Schipf S, Schreiber S, Schunkert H, Silander K, Sinisalo J, Siscovick DS, Smit JH, Soranzo N, Sovio U, Stephens J, Surakka I, Swift AJ, Tammesoo ML, Tardif JC, Teder-Laving M, Teslovich TM, Thompson JR, Thomson B, Tonjes A, Tuomi T, van Meursvan JB, Ommen GJ. Association analyses of 249,796 individuals reveal 18 new loci associated with body mass index. Nat Genet 42: 937-948, 2010.
133. Spielmann N, Leon AS, Rao DC, Rice T, Skinner JS, Bouchard C, Rankinen T. CETP genotypes and HDL-cholesterol phenotypes in the HERITAGE Family Study. Physiol Genomics 31: 25-31, 2007. (Pubitemid 47443845)
134. Sponton CH, Rezende TM, Mallagrino PA, Franco-Penteado CF, Bezerra MA, Zanesco A. Women with TT genotype for eNOS gene are more responsive in lowering blood pressure in response to exercise. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 17: 676-681, 2010.
135. St-Amand J, Prud'Homme D, Moorjani S, Nadeau A, Tremblay A, Bouchard C, Lupien PJ, Despres JP. Apolipoprotein E polymorphism and the relationships of physical fitness to plasma lipoprotein-lipid levels in men and women. Med Sci Sports Exerc 31: 692-697, 1999. (Pubitemid 29205430)
136. Stefan N, Thamer C, Staiger H, Machicao F, Machann J, Schick F, Venter C, Niess A, Laakso M, Fritsche A, Haring HU. Genetic variations in PPARD and PPARGC1A determine mitochondrial function and change in aerobic physical fitness and insulin sensitivity during lifestyle intervention. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 92: 1827-1833, 2007 (Pubitemid 46997196)
137. Taimela S, Lehtimaki T, Porkka K, Rasanen L, Viikari J. The effect of physical activity on serum total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration varies with apolipoprotein E phenotype in male children and young adults: the cardiovascular risk in young Finns study. Metabolism 45: 797-803, 1996. (Pubitemid 26249742)
138. Teslovich TM, Musunuru K, Smith AV, Edmondson AC, Stylianou IM, Koseki M, Pirruccello JP, Ripatti S, Chasman DI, Willer CJ, Johansen CT, Fouchier SW, Isaacs A, Peloso GM, Barbalic M, Ricketts SL, Bis JC, Aulchenko YS, Thorleifsson G, Feitosa MF, Chambers J, Orho-Melander M, Melander O, Johnson T, Li X, Guo X, Li M, Shin CY, Jin GM, Jin KY, Lee JY, Park T, Kim K, Sim X, Twee-Hee OR, Croteau-Chonka DC, Lange LA, Smith JD, Song K, Hua ZJ, Yuan X, Luan J, Lamina C, Ziegler A, Zhang W, Zee RY, Wright AF, Witteman JC, Wilson JF, Willemsen G, Wichmann HE, Whitfield JB, Waterworth DM, Wareham NJ, Waeber G, Vollenweider P, Voight BF, Vitart V, Uitterlinden AG, Uda M, Tuomilehto J, Thompson JR, Tanaka T, Surakka I, Stringham HM, Spector TD, Soranzo N, Smit JH, Sinisalo J, Silander K, Sijbrands EJ, Scuteri A, Scott J, Schlessinger D, Sanna S, Salomaa V, Saharinen J, Sabatti C, Ruokonen A, Rudan I, Rose LM, Roberts R, Rieder M, Psaty BM, Pramstaller PP, Pichler I, Perola M, Penninx BW, Pedersen NL, Pattaro C, Parker AN, Pare G, Oostra BA, O'Donnell CJ, Nieminen MS, Nickerson DA, Montgomery GW, Meitinger T, McPherson R, McCarthy MI, McArdle W, Masson D, Martin NG, Marroni F, Mangino M, Magnusson PK, Lucas G, Luben R, Loos RJ, Lokki ML, Lettre G, Langenberg C, Launer LJ, Lakatta EG, Laaksonen R, Kyvik KO, Kronenberg F, Konig IR, Khaw KT, Kaprio J, Kaplan LM, Johansson A, Jarvelin MR, Janssens AC, Ingelsson E, Igl W, Kees HG, Hottenga JJ, Hofman A, Hicks AA, Hengstenberg C, Heid IM, Hayward C, Havulinna AS, Hastie ND, Harris TB, Haritunians T, Hall AS, Gyllensten U, Guiducci C, Groop LC, Gonzalez E, Gieger C, Freimer NB, Ferrucci L, Erdmann J, Elliott P, Ejebe KG, Doring A, Dominiczak AF, Demissie S, Deloukas P, de Geusde EJ, Crawford FU, Collins G, Chen FS, Caulfield YD, Campbell MJ, Burtt H, Bonnycastle NP, Boomsma LL, Boekholdt DI, Bergman SM, Barroso RN, Bandinelli I, Ballantyne S, Assimes CM, Quertermous TL, Altshuler T, Seielstad D, Wong M, Tai TY, Feranil ES, Kuzawa AB, Adair CW, Taylor HA, Jr, Borecki IB, Gabriel SB, Wilson JG, Holm H, Thorsteinsdottir U, Gudnason V, Krauss RM, Mohlke KL, Ordovas JM, Munroe PB, Kooner JS, Tall AR, Hegele RA, Kastelein JJ, Schadt EE, Rotter JI, Boerwinkle E, Strachan DP, Mooser V, Stefansson K, Reilly MP, Samani NJ, Schunkert H, Cupples LA, Sandhu MS, Ridker PM, Rader DJ, van DuijnPeltonen CM, Abecasis L, Boehnke GR, Kathiresan S. Biological, clinical and population relevance of 95 loci for blood lipids. Nature 466: 707-713, 2010.
139. Thamer C, Machann J, Stefan N, Schafer SA, Machicao F, Staiger H, Laakso M, Bottcher M, Claussen C, Schick F, Fritsche A, Haring HU. Variations in PPARD determine the change in body composition during lifestyle intervention: a whole-body magnetic resonance study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 93: 1497-1500, 2008. (Pubitemid 351519754)
140. Thomas CB, Cohen BH. The familial occurrence of hypertension and coronary artery disease, with observations concerning obesity and diabetes. Ann Intern Med 42: 90-127, 1955.
141. Thompson A, Di AE, Sarwar N, Erqou S, Saleheen D, Dullaart RP, Keavney B, Ye Z, Danesh J. Association of cholesteryl ester transfer protein genotypes with CETP mass and activity, lipid levels, and coronary risk. JAMA 299: 2777-2788, 2008. (Pubitemid 351846853)
142. Thompson PD, Tsongalis GJ, Seip RL, Bilbie C, Miles M, Zoeller R, Visich P, Gordon P, Angelopoulos TJ, Pescatello L, Bausserman L, Moyna N. Apolipoprotein E genotype and changes in serum lipids and maximal oxygen uptake with exercise training. Metabolism 53: 193-202, 2004. (Pubitemid 38168891)
143. Uthurralt J, Gordish-Dressman H, Bradbury M, Tesi-Rocha C, Devaney J, Harmon B, Reeves EK, Brandoli C, Hansen BC, Seip RL, Thompson PD, Price TB, Angelopoulos TJ, Clarkson PM, Moyna NM, Pescatello LS, Visich PS, Zoeller RF, Gordon PM, Hoffman EP. PPARalpha L162V underlies variation in serum triglycerides and subcutaneous fat volume in young males. BMC Med Genet 8: 55, 2007.
144. van derKallen CJ, Cantor RM, van GreevenbroekGeurts MM, Bouwman JM, Aouizerat FG, Allayee BE, Buurman H, Lusis WA, Rotter AJ, de JI, Bruin TW. Genome scan for adiposity in Dutch dyslipidemic families reveals novel quantitative trait loci for leptin, body mass index and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily 1A. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 24: 1381-1391, 2000.
145. Vimaleswaran KS, Franks PW, Barroso I, Brage S, Ekelund U, Wareham NJ, Loos RJ. Habitual energy expenditure modifies the association between NOS3 gene polymorphisms and blood pressure. Am J Hypertens 21: 297-302, 2008. (Pubitemid 351323281)
146. Vimaleswaran KS, Li S, Zhao JH, Luan J, Bingham SA, Khaw KT, Ekelund U, Wareham NJ, Loos RJ. Physical activity attenuates the body mass index-increasing influence of genetic variation in the FTO gene. Am J Clin Nutr 90: 425-428, 2009.
147. Voight BF, Scott LJ, Steinthorsdottir V, Morris AP, Dina C, Welch RP, Zeggini E, Huth C, Aulchenko YS, Thorleifsson G, McCulloch LJ, Ferreira T, Grallert H, Amin N, Wu G, Willer CJ, Raychaudhuri S, McCarroll SA, Langenberg C, Hofmann OM, Dupuis J, Qi L, Segre AV, van HM, Navarro P, Ardlie K, Balkau B, Benediktsson R, Bennett AJ, Blagieva R, Boerwinkle E, Bonnycastle LL, Bengtsson BK, Bravenboer B, Bumpstead S, Burtt NP, Charpentier G, Chines PS, Cornelis M, Couper DJ, Crawford G, Doney AS, Elliott KS, Elliott AL, Erdos MR, Fox CS, Franklin CS, Ganser M, Gieger C, Grarup N, Green T, Griffin S, Groves CJ, Guiducci C, Hadjadj S, Hassanali N, Herder C, Isomaa B, Jackson AU, Johnson PR, Jorgensen T, Kao WH, Klopp N, Kong A, Kraft P, Kuusisto J, Lauritzen T, Li M, Lieverse A, Lindgren CM, Lyssenko V, Marre M, Meitinger T, Midthjell K, Morken MA, Narisu N, Nilsson P, Owen KR, Payne F, Perry JR, Petersen AK, Platou C, Proenca C, Prokopenko I, Rathmann W, Rayner NW, Robertson NR, Rocheleau G, Roden M, Sampson MJ, Saxena R, Shields BM, Shrader P, Sigurdsson G, Sparso T, Strassburger K, Stringham HM, Sun Q, Swift AJ, Thorand B, Tichet J, Tuomi T, van Damvan RM, Haeften TW, van HT, van Vliet-OstaptchoukWalters JV, Weedon GB, Wijmenga MN, Witteman C, Bergman J, Cauchi RN, Collins S, Gloyn FS, Gyllensten AL, Hansen U, Hide T, Hitman WA, Hofman GA, Hunter A, Hveem DJ, Laakso K, Mohlke M, Morris KL, Palmer AD, Pramstaller CN, Rudan PP, Sijbrands I, Stein E, Tuomilehto LD, Uitterlinden J, Walker A, Wareham M, Watanabe NJ, Abecasis RM, Boehm GR, Campbell BO, Daly H, Hattersley MJ, Hu AT, Meigs FB, Pankow JB, Pedersen JS, Wichmann O, Barroso HE, Florez I, Frayling JC, Groop TM, Sladek L, Thorsteinsdottir R, Wilson U, Illig JF, Froguel T, van P, Duijn CM, Stefansson K, Altshuler D, Boehnke M, McCarthy MI. Twelve type 2 diabetes susceptibility loci identified through large-scale association analysis. Nat Genet 42: 579- 589, 2010.
148. Wang X, Ding X, Su S, Harshfield G, Treiber F, Snieder H. Genetic influence on blood pressure measured in the office, under laboratory stress and during real life. Hypertens Res 34: 239-244, 2011.
149. Weedon MN, McCarthy MI, Hitman G, Walker M, Groves CJ, Zeggini E, Rayner NW, Shields B, Owen KR, Hattersley AT, Frayling TM. Combining information from common type 2 diabetes risk polymorphisms improves disease prediction. PLoS Med 3: e374, 2006.
150. Weiss EP, Kulaputana O, Ghiu IA, Brandauer J, Wohn CR, Phares DA, Shuldiner AR, Hagberg JM. Endurance training-induced changes in the insulin response to oral glucose are associated with the peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor-gamma2 Pro12Ala genotype in men but not in women. Metabolism 54: 97-102, 2005. (Pubitemid 39572464)
151. Weissglas-Volkov D, Pajukanta P. Genetic causes of high and low serum HDL-cholesterol. J Lipid Res 51: 2032-2057, 2010.
152. (a)Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium. Genome-wide association study of 14,000 cases of seven common diseases, and 3,000 shared controls. Nature 447: 661-678, 2007.
153. Wilmore JH, Despres JP, Stanforth PR, Mandel S, Rice T, Gagnon J, Leon AS, Rao D, Skinner JS, Bouchard C. Alterations in body weight and composition consequent to 20 wk of endurance training: the HERITAGE Family Study. Am J Clin Nutr 70: 346-352, 1999. (Pubitemid 29407154)
154. Wilund KR, Ferrell RE, Phares DA, Goldberg AP, Hagberg JM. Changes in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol subfractions with exercise training may be dependent on cholesteryl ester transfer protein genotype. Metabolism 51: 774-778, 2002. (Pubitemid 34624846)
155. Wu X, Cooper RS, Borecki I, Hanis C, Bray M, Lewis CE, Zhu X, Kan D, Luke A, Curb D. A combined analysis of genomewide linkage scans for body mass index from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Family Blood Pressure Program. Am J Hum Genet 70: 1247-1256, 2002. (Pubitemid 34450574)
156. Yao L, Delmonico MJ, Roth SM, Hand BD, Johns J, Conway J, Douglass L, Hurley BF. Adrenergic receptor genotype influence on midthigh intermuscular fat response to strength training in middle-aged and older adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 62: 658-663, 2007. (Pubitemid 47300198)
157. Zago AS, Park JY, Fenty-Stewart N, Kokubun E, Brown MD. Effects of aerobic exercise on the blood pressure, oxidative stress and eNOS gene polymorphism in pre-hypertensive older people. Eur J Appl Physiol 110: 825-832, 2010.
158. Zee RY, Lou YK, Griffiths LR, Morris BJ. Association of a polymorphism of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene with essential hypertension. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 184: 9-15, 1992.
159. Zhang B, Sakai T, Miura S, Kiyonaga A, Tanaka H, Shindo M, Saku K. Association of angiotensin-converting-enzyme gene polymorphism with the depressor response to mild exercise therapy in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. Clin Genet 62: 328-333, 2002. (Pubitemid 36372752)
160. Zhu X, Cooper RS, Luke A, Chen G, Wu X, Kan D, Chakravarti A, Weder A. A genome-wide scan for obesity in African-Americans. Diabetes 51: 541-544, 2002. (Pubitemid 34764815)