Unfolding and configuring two decades of research and publications on place marketing and place branding

Place Branding and Public Diplomacy

Volumn 7, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 91-106

  Gertner, David ^a  

^a PACE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

geographic branding; place branding; place marketing

Indexed keywords

EID: 79960115741     PISSN: 17518040     EISSN: 17518059     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1057/pb.2011.7     Document Type: Article

References (211)

1. Abimbola, T. (2006) Market access for developing economies: Branding in Africa. Place Branding 2 (2):108-117.
2. Ahmed, S. A. and d'Astous, A. (2008) Antecedents, moderators and dimensions of country-of-origin evaluations. International Marketing Review 25 (1):75-106.
3. Allen, G. (2007) Place branding: New tools for economic development. Design Management Review 18 (Spring):60-69.
4. Anderson, E., Chakrapani, C. and Hernandez, T. (2009) Marketing the downtown through geographically enhanced consumer segmentation. Journal of Place Management and Development 2:125-139.
5. Andersson, M. (2007) Region branding: The case of the Baltic Sea region. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 3 (April):120-130.
6. Andersson, M. and Ekman, P. (2009) Ambassador networks and place branding. Journal of Place Management and Development 2:41-51.
7. Anholt, S. (1998) Nation brands of the 21st century. Journal of Brand Management 5 (6):395-406.
8. Anholt, S. (2002a) Foreword. Journal of Brand Management 9 (April):229-239.
9. Anholt, S. (2002b) Nation branding: A continuing theme. Journal of Brand Management 10 (1):59-60.
10. Anholt, S. (2005a) Some important distinctions in place branding. Place Branding 2 (1):116-121.
11. Anholt, S. (2005b) Nation brand as context and reputation. Place Branding 1 (3):224-228.
12. Anholt, S. (2005c) Anholt Nation Brands Index: How does the world see America? Journal of Advertising Research 45 (3):296-304. (Pubitemid 43388767)
13. Anholt, S. (2006a) Is place branding a capitalist tool? Place Branding 2 (1):1-4.
14. Anholt, S. (2006b) The Anholt-GMI City Brands Index: How the world sees the world's cities. Place Branding 2 (1):18-31.
15. Anholt, S. (2006c) Why brand? Some practical considerations for nation branding. Place Branding 2 (2):97-107.
16. Anholt, S. (2006d) Editorial. Place Branding 2 (3):179-182.
17. Anholt, S. (2006e) The Anholt Nation Brands Index: Special report on Europe's international image, Q2 2006, plus an update on the status of Brand Denmark. Place Branding 2 (3):263-270.
18. Anholt, S. (2006f) Public diplomacy and place branding: Where's the link? Place Branding 2 (4):271-275.
19. Anholt, S. (2007) Brand Europe - Where next? Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 3 (2):115-119.
20. Anholt, S. (2008a) Place branding: Is it marketing or isn't it? Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 4 (1):1-6.
21. Anholt, S. (2008b) 'Nation branding' in Asia. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 4 (4):265-269.
22. Anholt, S. (2009a) Should place brands be simple? Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 5 (2):91-96.
23. Anholt, S. (2009b) The media and national image. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 5 (3):169-179.
24. Anholt, S. (2009c) 'Is this about me?' - The critical issue of relevance. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 5 (4):253-260.
25. Anholt, S. and Hildreth, J. (2005) Let freedom and cash registers ring: America as a brand. Place Branding 1 (2):164-172.
26. Ashworth, G. and Kavaratzis, M. (2009) Beyond the logo: Brand management for cities. Journal of Brand Management 16 (8):520-531.
27. Ashworth, G. J. and Voogd, H. (1994) Marketing of tourism places: What are we doing? Journal of International Consumer Marketing 6 (3/4):5-19.
28. Askegaard, S. and Kjeldgaard, D. (2007) Here, there, and everywhere: Place branding and gastronomical globalization in a macro marketing perspective. Journal of Macromarketing 27 (2):138-147.
29. Aveline, J. (2006) Branding Europe? Branding, design and post-national loyalties. Place Branding 2 (4):334-340.
30. Avraham, E. (2009) Marketing and managing nation branding during prolonged crisis: The case of Israel. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 5 (3):202-212.
31. Avraham, E. and Ketter, E. (2008) Will we be safe there? Analysing strategies for altering unsafe place images. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 4 (3):196-204.
32. Ayyildiz, H. and Cengiz, E. (2007) Country image effect on customer loyalty model. Innovative Marketing 3 (2):42-60.
33. Balakrishnan, M. S. (2008) Dubai - A star in the east. Journal of Management Development 1 (1):62-91.
34. Balakrishnan, M. S. (2009) Strategic branding of destinations: A framework. European Journal of Marketing 43 (5/6):611-629.
35. Barney, J. B. and Zhang, S. (2008) Collective goods, free riding and country brands: The Chinese experience. Management and Organization Review 4 (2):212-223.
36. Baum, T., Hearns, N. and Devine, F. (2008) Place branding and the representation of people at work: Exploring issues of tourism imagery and migrant labour in the Republic of Ireland. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 4 (1):45-60.
37. Berács, J. et al (2006) How has place branding developed during the year that place branding has been in publication? Place Branding 2 (1):6-17.
38. Bergqvist, R. (2009) Place marketing in a logistics context: A Swedish case study and discourse. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 5 (1):54-66.
39. Berkowitz, P., Gjermano, G., Gomez, L. and Schafer, G. (2007) Brand China: Using the 2008 Olympic Games to enhance China's image. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 3 (2):164-178.
40. Bianchini, F. and Ghilardi, L. (2007) Thinking culturally about place. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 3 (4):280-286.
41. Blichfeldt, B. S. (2005) Unmanageable place brands? Place Branding 1 (4):388-401.
42. Boyne, S. and Hall, D. (2004) Place promotion through food and tourism: Rural branding and the role of websites. Place Branding (1):80-92.
43. Brabazon, T. (2009) Brand Wellington: When city imaging is GLAM' ed: A personal view. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 5 (4):260-275.
44. Caldwell, N. and Freire, J. R. (2004) The differences between branding a country, a region and a city: Applying the Brand Box Model. Journal of Brand Management 12 (1):50-61.
45. Capik, P. (2007) Organising FDI promotion in Central-Eastern European regions. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 3 (2):152-163.
46. Carlile, P. and Christensen, C. (2005) The Cycles of Theory Building in Management Research. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School. Harvard Business School Working Paper no. 05-057.
47. Cassel, S. H. (2008) Trying to be attractive: Image building and identity formation in small industrial municipalities in Sweden. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 4 (2):102-114.
48. Chaudhri, V. and Fyke, J. P. (2008) Rhetoric in hostile diplomatic situations: A case study of Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's rhetoric during his 2007 US visit. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 4 (4):317-330.
49. Coaffee, J. and Rogers, P. (2008) Reputational risk and resiliency: The branding of security in place-making. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 4 (3):205-217.
50. Cooper, A. F. and Momani, B. (2009) The challenge of re-branding progressive countries in the Gulf and Middle East: Opportunities through new networked engagements versus constraints of embedded negative images. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 5 (2):103-117.
51. Cubillo-Pinilla, J. M., Zuniga, J., Losantos, I. S. and Sanchez, J. (2009) Factors influencing international students' evaluations of higher education programs. Journal of American Academy of Business Cambridge 15 (1):270-278.
52. Daramola-Martin, A. (2009) Liverpool one and the transformation of a city: Place branding, marketing and the catalytic effects of regeneration and culture on repositioning Liverpool. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 5 (4):301-311.
53. D'Astous, A. and Boujbel, L. (2007) Positioning countries on personality dimensions: Scale development and implications for country marketing. Journal of Business Research 60 (3):231-239.
54. D'Astous, A. and Li, D. (2009) Perceptions of countries based on personality traits: A study in China. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics 21 (4):475-488.
55. Davies, G. (2009) Nation branding: Concepts, issues, practice. Journal of Brand Management 16 (8):582-583.
56. De Almeida Santos, C. (2004) Framing Portugal: Representational dynamics. Annals of Tourism Research 31 (1):122-138.
57. De Carlo, M., Canali, S., Pritchard, A. and Morgan, N. (2009) Moving Milan towards Expo 2015: Designing culture into a city brand. Journal of Place Management and Development 2 (1):8-22.
58. Deffner, A. M. and Labrianidis, L. (2005) Planning culture and time in a mega-event: Thessaloniki as the European city of culture in 1997. International Planning Studies 10 (3/4):241-264. (Pubitemid 43084590)
59. Dinnie, K. (2004) Place branding: Overview of an emerging literature. Place Branding 1 (1):106-110.
60. Dinnie, K. (2009) Destination branding for small cities: The essentials for successful place branding. Journal of Brand Management 17 (2):159-161.
61. Dooley, G. and Bowie, D. (2005) Place brand architecture: Strategic management of the brand portfolio. Place Branding 1 (4):402-419.
62. Durie, A., Yeoman, I. S. and McMahon-Beattie, U. (2006) How the history of Scotland creates a sense of place. Place Branding 2 (1):43-52.
63. Dzenovska, D. (2005) Remaking the nation of Latvia: Anthropological perspectives on nation branding. Place Branding 1 (2):173-186.
64. Echtner, C. M. and Ritchie, J. R. (1993) The measurement of destination image: An empirical assessment. Journal of Travel Research 31 (4):3-13.
65. Endzina, I. and Luneva, L. (2004) Development of a national branding strategy: The case of Latvia. Place Branding 1 (1):94-105.
66. Florek, M. (2005) The country brand as a new challenge for Poland. Place Branding 1 (2):205-214.
67. Florek, M. and Conejo, F. (2007) Export flagships in branding small developing countries: The cases of Costa Rica and Moldova. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 3 (1):53-72.
68. Florek, M. and Insch, A. (2008) The trademark protection of country brands: Insights from New Zealand. Journal of Place Management and Development 1 (3):292-306.
69. Florek, M., Insch, A. and Gnoth, J. (2006) City council websites as a means of place brand identity communication. Place Branding 2 (4):276-296.
70. Forristal, L. J. and Lehto, X. Y. (2009) Place branding with native species: Personality as a criterion. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 5 (3):213-225.
71. Freire, J. R. (2005) Geo-branding, are we talking nonsense? A theoretical reflection on brands applied to places. Place Branding 1 (4):347-362.
72. Freire, J. R. (2006) 'Other tourists': A critical factor for a geo-brand-building process. Place Branding 2 (1):68-83.
73. Freire, J. R. (2009) 'Local People': A critical dimension for place brands. Journal of Brand Management 16 (7):420-438.
74. Fullerton, J. A., Kendrick, A. and Kerr, G. (2009) Australian student reactions to US tourism advertising: A test of advertising as public diplomacy. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 5 (2):141-150.
75. Fullerton, J. A., Kendrick, A. and Wallis, C. (2008) Brand Borat? Americans' reaction to a Kazakhstani place branding campaign. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 4 (2):159-168.
76. Fullerton, J. A., Kendrick, A., Chan, K., Hamilton, M. and Kerr, G. (2007) Attitudes towards American brands and Brand America. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 3 (3):205-212.
77. Gaggiotti, H., Cheng, P. L. K. and Yunak, O. (2008) City brand management (CBM): The case of Kazakhstan. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 4 (2):115-123.
78. Gertner, D. (2007) Place branding: Dilemma or reconciliation between political ideology and economic pragmatism? Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 3 (1):3-7.
79. Gertner, D. and Kotler, P. (2004) How can a place correct a negative image? Place Branding 1 (1):50-57.
80. Gibson, C. and Davidson, D. (2004) Tamworth, Australia's' country music capital ': Place marketing, rurality, and resident reactions. Journal of Rural Studies 20 (4):387-404. (Pubitemid 39259564)
81. Gilmore, F. (2002) A country - Can it be repositioned? Spain - The success story of country branding. Journal of Brand Management 9 (4/5):281-293.
82. Gnoth, J. (2002) Leveraging export brands through a tourism destination brand. Journal of Brand Management 9 (4/5):262-280.
83. Gold, R. E. (2006) Intellectual architecture as place brand. Place Branding 2 (3):220-228.
84. Gould, M. and Skinner, H. (2007) Branding on ambiguity? Place branding without a national identity: Marketing Northern Ireland as a post-conflict society in the USA. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 3 (1):100-113.
85. Graham, S. E. (2008) US public diplomacy in the Asia Pacific: Opportunities and challenges in a time of transition. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 4 (4):336-356.
86. Gross, A. C., Poor, J., Sipos, Z. and Solymossy, E. (2009) The multiple mandates of national park systems. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 5 (4):276-289.
87. Gudjonsson, H. (2005) Nation branding. Place Branding 1 (3):283-298.
88. Hall, C. M. (2008) Servicescapes, designscapes, branding, and the creation of place-identity: South of Litchfield, Christchurch. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing 25 (3/4):233-250.
89. Hall, D. (2002) Brand development, tourism and national identity: The re-imaging of former Yugoslavia. Journal of Brand 9 (4/5):323-334.
90. Hankinson, G. (2004) Relational network brands: Towards a conceptual model of place brands. Journal of Vacationing Marketing 10 (2):109-121.
91. Hankinson, G. (2009) Managing destination brands: Establishing a theoretical foundation. Journal of Marketing Management 25 (1/2):97-115.
92. Hanna, S. and Rowley, J. (2008) An analysis of terminology use in place branding. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 4 (1):61-75.
93. Harmaakorpi, V., Kari, K. and Parjanen, S. (2008) City design management as a local competitiveness factor. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 4 (2):169-181.
94. Harrison, S. (2002) Culture, tourism and local community - The heritage identity of the Isle of Man. Journal of Brand Management 9 (4/5):355-371.
95. Hemingway, W. (2007) Placemaking - Cultural branding. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 3 (4):332-336.
96. Henderson, J. C. (2000) Selling places: The new Asia-Singapore brand. Journal of Tourism Studies 11 (1):36-44.
97. Henderson, J. C. (2007) Uniquely Singapore? A case study in desti nation branding. Journal of Vacation Marketing 13 (3):261-274.
98. Herstein, R. and Jaffe, E. D. (2008) The children's city - The transition from a negative to a positive city image. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 4 (1):76-84.
99. Holden, J. (2007) Thought piece: Creative cities. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 3 (4):287-290.
100. Hornskov, S. B. (2007) On the management of authenticity: Culture in the place branding of Øresund. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 3 (4):317-331.
101. Hosany, S., Ekinci, Y. and Uysal, M. (2006) Destination image and destination personality: An application of branding theories to tourism places. Journal of Business Research 59 (5):638-642. (Pubitemid 43421625)
102. Hospers, G. (2004) Place marketing in Europe: The branding of the Oresund Region. Intereconomics 39 (5):271-279.
103. Hospers, G. (2009) Lynch, Urry and city marketing: Taking advantage of the city as a built and graphic image. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 5 (3):226-233.
104. Ikuta, T., Yukawa, K. and Hamasaki, H. (2007) Regional branding measures in Japan - Efforts in 12 major prefectural and city governments. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 3 (2):131-143.
105. Insch, A. and Florek, M. (2008) A great place to live, work and play: Conceptualising place satisfaction in the case of a city's residents. Journal of Place Management and Development 1 (2):138-149.
106. Jacobsen, B. P. (2009) Investor-based place brand equity: A theoretical framework. Journal of Place Management and Development 2 (1):70-84.
107. Jiwa, S., Coca-Stefaniak, J. A., Blackwell, M. and Rahman, T. (2009) Light night: An 'enlightening' place marketing experience. Journal of Place Management and Development 2 (2):154-166.
108. Johansson, J. (2005) The new brand America. Place Branding 1 (2):155-163.
109. Jones, T., Nagata, S., Nakajima, M. and Masuyama, K. (2009) Prefectural branding in Japan - Tourism, national parks and the Shinshu brand. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 5 (3):192-201.
110. Kavaratzis, M. (2004) From city marketing to city branding: Towards a theoretical framework for developing city brands. Place Branding 1 (1):58-73.
111. Kavaratzis, M. (2009) Cities and their brands: Lessons from corporate branding. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 5 (1):26-37.
112. Kavaratzis, M. and Ashworth, G. J. (2006) City branding: An effective assertion of identity or a transitory marketing trick? Place Branding 2 (3):183-194.
113. Kavaratzis, M. and Ashworth, G. J. (2008) Place marketing: How did we get here and where are we going? Journal of Place Management and Development 1 (2):150-165.
114. Kemming, J. D. and Sandikci, Ö (2007) Turkey's EU accession as a question of nation brand image. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 3 (1):31-41.
115. Kerr, G. and Johnson, S. (2005) A review of a brand management strategy for a small town - Lessons learnt. Place Branding 1 (4):373-387.
116. Kokosalakis, C., Bagnall, G., Selby, M. and Burns, S. (2006) Place image and urban regeneration in Liverpool. International Journal of Consumer Studies 30 (4):389-397.
117. Konecnik, M. and Go, F. (2008) Tourism destination brand identity: The case of Slovenia. Journal of Brand Management 15 (3):177-189.
118. Kotler, P. and Gertner, D. (2002) Country as brand, product, and beyond: A place marketing and brand management perspective. Journal of Brand Management 9 (4/5):249-261.
119. Kotler, P. et al (2004) Where is place branding heading? Place Branding 1 (1):12-35.
120. Kotler, P., Haider, D. and Rein, I. (1993) There's no place like our place! The marketing of cities, regions, and nations. The Futurist 27 (6):14-21.
121. Kotler, P., Haider, D. and Rein, I. (1994) There's no place like our place! Public Management 76 (2):15-18.
122. Laaksonnen, P., Laaksonen, M., Borisov, P. and Halkoaho, J. (2006) Measuring image of a city: A qualitative approach with case example. Place Branding 2 (3):210-219.
123. Lau, F. and Leung, A. (2005) Design and city branding - From school to city. Place Branding 1 (3):265-272.
124. Lee, H. and Jain, D. (2009) Dubai's brand assessment success and failure in brand management - Part 1. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 5 (3):234-246.
125. Lee, H. J. (2009) Dubai's brand assessment success and failure in brand management - Part 2: Negative factors reduce Dubai's competitiveness. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 5 (4):312-324.
126. Lee, S., Toth, E. L. and Shin, H. (2008) Cognitive categorisation and routes of national reputation formation: US opinion leaders' views on South Korea. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 4 (4):272-286.
127. Lee, S.-A. (2005) Branding Korea. International Trade Forum 4:23.
128. Lin, Y.-S. and Huang, J.-J. (2006) Marketing of South Korean tourism using TV miniseries. The Business Review, Cambridge 5 (1):61-65.
129. Lin, Y.-S. and Huang, J.-J. (2008) Analyzing the use of TV miniseries for Korea tourism marketing. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing 24 (2/3):223-227.
130. Lodge, C. (2002) Success and failure: The brand stories of two countries. Journal of Brand Management 9 (4/5):372-384.
131. Loo, T. and Davies, G. (2006) Branding China: The ultimate challenge in reputation management? Corporate Reputation Review 9 (3):198-210.
132. Manrai, L. A. and Manrai, A. K. (1993) Positioning European countries as brands in a perceptual map: An empirical study of determinants of consumer perceptions and preferences. Journal of Euromarketing 2 (3):101-129. (Pubitemid 24383071)
133. Martinovic, S. (2002) Branding Hrvatska - A mixed blessing that might succeed: The advantage of being unrecognizable. Journal of Brand Management 9 (4/5):315-322.
134. Mayes, R. (2008) A place in the sun: The politics of place, identity and branding. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 4 (2):124-135.
135. McClinchey, K. A. (2008) Urban ethnic festivals, neighborhoods, and the multiple realities of marketing place. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing 25 (3/4):251-264.
136. Medway, D. and Warnaby, G. (2008) Alternative perspectives on marketing and the place brand. European Journal of Marketing 42 (5/6):641-665.
137. Merrilees, B., Miller, D. and Herington, C. (2009) Antecedents of residents' city brand attitudes. Journal of Business Research 62 (3):362-367.
138. Mihailovich, P. (2006) Kinship branding: A concept of holism and evolution for the nation brand. Place Branding 2 (3):229-247.
139. Mok Kim Man, M. and Arias-Bolzmann, L. (2007) The need for capitalizing on the value of a brand name: The case of Sabah State in Malaysia. The Business Review, Cambridge 9 (1):153-158.
140. Morgan, N., Pritchard, A. and Piggott, R. (2002) New Zealand, 100 per cent pure. The creation of a powerful niche destination brand. Journal of Brand Management 9 (4/5):335-354.
141. Mossberg, L. and Kleppe, I. A. (2005) Country and destination image - Different or similar concepts? The Service Industries Journal 25 (4):493-503. (Pubitemid 40830046)
142. Murphy, L., Moscardo, G. and Benckendorff, P. (2007) Using brand personality to differentiate regional tourism destinations. Journal of Travel Research 46 (1):5-14. (Pubitemid 47226032)
143. Negrete, M. P. (2009) Santa Fe: A 'global enclave' in Mexico City. Journal of Place Management and Development 2 (1):33-40.
144. Nel, E. and Binns, T. (2002) Place marketing, tourism promotion, and community-based local economic development in post-apartheid South-Africa: The case of Still Bay - the 'Bay of Sleeping Beauty'. Urban Affairs Review 38 (2):184-208. (Pubitemid 35295015)
145. Nobili, V. (2005) The role of European Capital of Culture events within Genoa's and Liverpool's branding and positioning efforts. Place Branding 1 (3):316-328.
146. Noya, J. (2006) The symbolic power of nations. Place Branding 2 (1):53-67.
147. Nuttavuthisit, K. (2007) Branding Thailand: Correcting the negative image of sextourism. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 3 (1):21-30.
148. O'Connor, N., Flanagan, S. and Gilbert, D. (2008) The integration of film-induced tourism and destination branding in Yorkshire, UK. The International Journal of Tourism Research 10 (5):423-437.
149. Olins, W. (2002) Branding the nation - The historical context. Journal of Brand Management 9 (4/5):241-248.
150. Ooi, C.-S. (2008) Reimagining Singapore as a creative nation: The politics of place branding. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 4 (4):287-302.
151. Opoku, R. and Hinson, R. (2006) Online brand personalities: An exploratory analysis of selected African countries. Place Branding 2 (2):118-129.
152. O'Shaughnessy, J. and O'Shaughnessy, N. J. (2000) Treating the nation as a brand: Some neglected issues. Journal of Macromarketing 20 (1):56-64.
153. Page, S. J. and Hardyman, R. (1996) Place marketing and town centre management: A new tool for urban revitalization. Cities 13 (3):153-164.
154. Pahud De Mortanges, C. and Van der Weg, M. (1999) Country marketing in the United Kingdom and the Netherlands: Two case studies. Journal of Euro-Marketing 7 (3):43-57.
155. Pant, D. R. (2005) A place brand strategy for the republic of Armenia: 'Quality of context' and 'sustainability' as competitive advantage. Place Branding 1 (3):273-282.
156. Papadopoulos, N. (2004) Place branding: Evolution, meaning and implications. Place Branding 1 (1):36-49.
157. Papadopoulos, N. and Heslop, L. (2000) Countries as brands: Canadian products abroad. Ivey Business Journal 65 (2):30-36.
158. Papadopoulos, N. and Heslop, L. (2002) Country equity and country branding: Problems and prospects. Journal of Brand Management 9 (4/5):294-314.
159. Park, A. (2009) Selling' a small state to the world: Lithuania's struggle in building its national image. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 5 (1):67-84.
160. Parkerson, B. (2007) From schlock to hot: Shifting perceptions of Brooklyn. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 3 (4):263-267.
161. Parkerson, B. and Saunders, J. (2005) City branding: Can goods and services branding models be used to brand cities? Place Branding 1 (3):242-264.
162. Paskaleva-Shapira, K. A. (2007) New paradigms in city tourism management: Redefining destination promotion. Journal of Travel Research 46 (1):108-114. (Pubitemid 47226041)
163. Peel, D. and Lloyd, M. G. (2007) Towards another place? The regulation of artwork and place re-branding. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 3 (4):268-279.
164. Peel, D. and Lloyd, M. G. (2008) New communicative challenges: Dundee, place branding and the reconstruction of a city image. The Town Planning Review 79 (5):507-532.
165. Peirce, S. and Ritchie, B. W. (2007) National capital branding: A comparative case study of Canberra, Australia and Wellington, New Zealand. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing 22 (3/4):67-78.
166. Pike, S. (2007) Consumer-based brand equity for destinations: Practical DMO performance measures. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing 22 (1):51-61.
167. Pryor, S. and Grossbart, S. (2007) Creating meaning on main street: Towards a model of place branding. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 3 (4):291-304.
168. Quelch, J. and Jocz, K. (2005) Positioning the nation-state. Place Branding 1 (3):229-237.
169. Rausch, A. (2008) Place branding in rural Japan: Cultural commodities as local brands. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 4 (2):136-146.
170. Rawson, E. A. G. (2007) Perceptions of the United States of America: Exploring the political brand of a nation. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 3 (3):213-221.
171. Rein, I. and Shields, B. (2007) Place branding sports: strategies for differentiating emerging, transitional, negatively viewed and newly industrialised nations. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 3 (1):73-85.
172. Reiser, D. and Crispin, S. (2009) Local perceptions of the reimaging process: The case of the Sullivans Cove waterfront precinct. Journal of Place Management and Development 2 (2):109-124.
173. Russell, D., Mort, G. S. and Hume, M. (2009) Analysis of management narrative to understand social marketing strategy: The case of 'Branding Logan City'. Australasian Marketing Journal 17 (4):232-237.
174. Ryan, J. and Silvanto, S. (2009) The World Heritage List: The making and management of a brand. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 5 (4):290-300.
175. Singleton, H. and McKenzie, F. H. (2008) The re-branding imperative for the Western Australian Pilbara region: Status quo to transformative cultural interpretations of local housing and settlement for a competitive geo-regional identity. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 4 (1):8-28.
176. Skinner, H. (2005) Wish you were here? Some problems associated with integrating marketing communications when promoting place brands. Place Branding 1 (3):299-315.
177. Skinner, H. (2008) The emergence and development of place marketing's confused identity. Journal of Marketing Management 24 (9):915-928.
178. Skinner, H. and Kubacki, K. (2007) Unraveling the complex relationship between nationhood, national and cultural identity, and place branding. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 3 (4):305-316.
179. Stock, F. (2009a) The Borat effect. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 5 (3):180-191.
180. Stock, F. (2009b) Identity, image and brand: A conceptual framework. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 5 (2):118-125.
181. Stone, R. (2005) To keep all interests happy, Madison, Wisconsin seeks to identify with higher-level benefits. Place Branding 1 (3):238-241.
182. Supphellen, M. and Nygaardsvik, I. (2002) Testing country brand slogans: Conceptual development and empirical illustration of a simple normative model. Journal of Brand Management 9 (4/5):385-395.
183. Szondi, G. (2007) The role and challenges of country branding in transition countries: The Central and Eastern European experience. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 3 (1):8-20.
184. Tatevossian, A. R. (2008) Domestic society's (often-neglected) role in nation branding. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 4 (2):182-190.
185. Trueman, M. M., Cook, D. and Cornelius, N. (2008) Creative dimensions for branding and regeneration: Overcoming negative perceptions of a city. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 4 (1):29-44.
186. Trueman, M. M., Cornelius, N. and Killingbeck-Widdup, A. J. (2007) Urban corridors and the lost city: overcoming negative perceptions to reposition city brands. Journal of Brand Management: Special Issue: Corporate Marketing and the Branding of the Organization 15 (1):20-31.
187. Van Ham, P. (2008) Place branding within a security paradigm - Concepts and cases. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 4 (3):240-251.
188. Vasudevan, S. (2008) The role of internal stakeholders in destination branding: Observations from Kerala Tourism. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 4 (4):331-335.
189. Viosca Jr, R. C., Bergiel, B. J. and Balsmeier, P. (2005) Country equity: South Africa, a case in point. Journal of Promotion Management 12 (1):85-95.
190. Virgo, B. and de Chernatony, L. (2006) Delphic brand visioning to align stakeholder buy-in to the city of Birmingham brand. Journal of Brand Management 13 (6):379-392.
191. Vitiello, R. and Willcocks, M. (2006) The difference is in the detail: Its potential as a place branding tool and impact upon perceptions and responses. Place Branding 2 (3):248-262.
192. Wagner, O. and Peters, M. (2009) Can association methods reveal the effects of internal branding on tourism destination stakeholders? Journal of Place Management and Development 2 (1):52-69.
193. Wang, J. (2006) Localising public diplomacy: The role of sub-national actors in nation branding. Place Branding 2 (1):32-42.
194. Wang, J. (2008) Guest editorial. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 4 (4):270-271.
195. Wanjiru, E. (2006) Branding African countries: A prospect for the future. Place Branding 2 (1):84-95.
196. Warnaby, G. (2008) Why place marketers should understand cartography: Future avenues for research. Journal of Place Management and Development 1 (2):214-226.
197. Warnaby, G. (2009a) Non-place marketing: Transport hubs as gateways, flagships and symbols? Journal of Place Management and Development 2 (3):212-219.
198. Warnaby, G. (2009b) Towards a service-dominant place marketing logic. Marketing Theory 9 (4):403-423.
199. Warnaby, G. and Bennison, D. (2006) Reciprocal urban place marketing and co-branding? Retail applications. Place Branding 2 (4):297-310.
200. Warnaby, G. and Medway, D. (2004) The role of place marketing as a competitive response by town centres to out-of-town retail developments. The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research 14 (4):457-477.
201. Watkins, S., Hassanien, A. and Dale, C. (2006) Exploring the image of the black country as a tourist destination. Place Branding 2 (4):321-333.
202. Wetzel, F. (2006) Brand England. Place Branding 2 (2):144-154.
203. Widler, J. (2007) Nation branding: With pride against prejudice. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 3 (2):144-150.
204. Wills, D. and Moore, C. (2008) Securitising the Caucasus: From political violence to place branding in Chechnya. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 4 (3):252-262.
205. Wu, K.-L. (2008) Developing a paradigm and strategies for sustainable place marketing: The experience of Taiwan. Journal of American Academy of Business, Cambridge 13 (1):45-52.
206. Ying, F. (2006) Branding the nation: What is being branded? Journal of Vacation Marketing 12 (1):5-14.
207. Youde, J. (2009) Selling the state: State branding as a political resource in South Africa. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 5 (2):126-140.
208. Young, C. (2005) Meeting the new foreign direct investment challenge in East and Central Europe: Place marketing strategies in Hungary. Environment and Planning C: Government Policy 23 (5):733-757. (Pubitemid 41646108)
209. Zenker, S. (2009) Who's your target? The creative class as a target group for place branding. Journal of Place Management and Development 2 (1):23-32.
210. Zerrillo, P. C. and Thomas, G. M. (2007) Developing brands and emerging markets: An empirical application. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 3 (1):86-99.
211. Zhang, J. (2008) Making sense of the changes in China's public diplomacy: Direction of information flow and messages. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 4 (4):303-316.