Comparative genomic analysis of drosophila melanogaster and vector mosquito developmental genes

PLoS ONE

Volumn 6, Issue 7, 2011, Pages

  Behura, Susanta K ^a   Haugen, Morgan ^b   Flannery, Ellen ^a   Sarro, Joseph ^a   Tessier, Charles R ^b   Severson, David W ^a,b   Duman Scheel, Molly ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME   (United States)

^b INDIANA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

JANUS KINASE; MICRORNA; PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE; SONIC HEDGEHOG PROTEIN; STAT PROTEIN; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA;

AEDES AEGYPTI; ANOPHELES GAMBIAE; ANTERIOR POSTERIOR AXIS; APOPTOSIS; ARTICLE; BINDING SITE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CULEX QUINQUEFASCIATUS; CUTICLE; DEVELOPMENTAL GENE; DEVELOPMENTAL GENETICS; DIAPAUSE; DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER; EMBRYO PATTERN FORMATION; EMBRYO SEGMENTATION; GENOME ANALYSIS; HEAD; HOX COMPLEX GENE; INSECT DEVELOPMENT; INSECT GENOME; NERVOUS SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT; NONHUMAN; NOTCH GENE; OLFACTORY SYSTEM; SALIVARY GLAND; SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; SEX DETERMINATION; SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEAT; SPECIES DIFFERENCE; WNT GENE; AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; ANIMAL; CELL DEATH; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CYTOLOGY; DISEASE CARRIER; GENE; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; GENETIC VARIABILITY; GENETICS; GENOMICS; GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND AGING; HUMAN; METABOLISM; METHODOLOGY; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; MOSQUITO; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; PHYLOGENY; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

AEDES AEGYPTI; ANOPHELES GAMBIAE; ARTHROPODA; CULEX PIPIENS QUINQUEFASCIATUS; DIPTERA; DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER; HEXAPODA;

ANIMALS; BASE SEQUENCE; CELL DEATH; CULICIDAE; DISEASE VECTORS; DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER; EVOLUTION, MOLECULAR; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, DEVELOPMENTAL; GENES, INSECT; GENETIC VARIATION; GENOMICS; HUMANS; MICRORNAS; PHYLOGENY; REPETITIVE SEQUENCES, AMINO ACID; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

EID: 79959931610     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021504     Document Type: Article

References (147)

1. Horsfall WR, Fowler HW Jr, Moretti LJ, Larsen JR, (1973) Embryology of Aedes vexans. Bionomics and embryology of the inland flood water mosquito Aedes vexans Urbana, Chicago, London University of Illinois Press pp. 137-206.
2. Holt RA, Subramanian GM, Halpern A, Sutton GG, Charlab R, et al. (2002) The genome sequence of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae. Science 298: 129-149.
3. Nene V, Wortman JR, Lawson D, Haas B, Kodira C, et al. (2007) Genome sequence of Aedes aegypti, a major arbovirus vector. Science 316: 1718-1723.
4. Arensburger P, Megy K, Waterhouse RM, Abrudan J, Amedeo P, et al. (2010) Sequencing of Culex quinquefasciatus establishes a platform for mosquito comparative genomics. Science 330: 86-88.
5. Raminani LN, Cupp EW, (1975) Early embryology of Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicdae). Int J Insect Morphol Embryol 4: 517-528.
6. Raminani LNCE, (1978) Embryology of Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae): organogenesis. Int J Insect Morphol & Embryol 7: 273-296.
7. Clemons A, Haugen M, Flannery E, Tomchaney M, Kast K, et al. (2010) Aedes aegypti: an emerging model for vector mosquito development. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2010: pdb emo141.
8. Davis CWC, (1967) A comparative study of larval embryogenesis in the mosquito Culex fatigans wiedemann (diptera: culicidae) and the sheep-fly Lucilia sericata meigen (dipera: calliphoridae). Aust J Zool 15: 547-579.
9. Goltsev Y, Hsiong W, Lanzaro G, Levine M, (2004) Different combinations of gap repressors for common stripes in Anopheles and Drosophila embryos. Dev Biol 275: 435-446.
10. Calvo E, Walter M, Adelman ZN, Jimenez A, Onal S, et al. (2005) Nanos (nos) genes of the vector mosquitoes, Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles stephensi and Aedes aegypti. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 35: 789-798.
11. Juhn J, James AA, (2006) oskar gene expression in the vector mosquitoes, Anopheles gambiae and Aedes aegypti. Insect Mol Biol 15: 363-372.
12. Juhn J, Marinotti O, Calvo E, James AA, (2008) Gene structure and expression of nanos (nos) and oskar (osk) orthologs of the vector mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus. Insect Mol Biol 17: 545-552.
13. Adelman ZN, Jasinskiene N, Onal S, Juhn J, Ashikyan A, et al. (2007) nanos gene control DNA mediates developmentally regulated transposition in the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104: 9970-9975.
14. Goltsev Y, Fuse N, Frasch M, Zinzen RP, Lanzaro G, et al. (2007) Evolution of the dorsal-ventral patterning network in the mosquito, Anopheles gambiae. Development 134: 2415-2424.
15. Goltsev Y, Rezende GL, Vranizan K, Lanzaro G, Valle D, et al. (2009) Developmental and evolutionary basis for drought tolerance of the Anopheles gambiae embryo. Dev Biol 330: 462-470.
16. Simanton W, Clark S, Clemons A, Jacowski C, Farrell-VanZomeren A, et al. (2009) Conservation of arthropod midline netrin accumulation revealed with a cross-reactive antibody provides evidence for midline cell homology. Evol Dev 11: 260-268.
17. Haugen M, Tomchaney M, Kast K, Flannery E, Clemons A, et al. (2010) Whole-mount in situ hybridization for analysis of gene expression during Aedes aegypti development Cold Spring Harbor Protocols.
18. Clemons A, Haugen M, Le C, Mori A, Tomchaney M, et al. (2011) siRNA-Mediated gene targeting in Aedes aegypti embryos reveals that frazzled regulates vector mosquito CNS development. PLoS One 6: e16730.
19. Clemons A, Flannery E, Kast K, Severson D, Duman-Scheel M, (2010) Immunohistochemical analysis of protein expression during Aedes aegypti development. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2010: pdb prot5510.
20. Clemons A, Haugen M, Flannery E, Kast K, Jacowski C, et al. (2010) Fixation and preparation of developing tissues from Aedes aegypti. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2010: pdb prot5508.
21. Clemons A, Haugen M, Severson D, Duman-Scheel M, (2010) Functional analysis of genes in Aedes aegypti embryos. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2010: pdb prot5511.
22. Clemons A, Mori A, Haugen M, Severson DW, Duman-Scheel M, (2010) Culturing and egg collection of Aedes aegypti. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2010: pdb prot5507.
23. Davis GK, Patel NH, (2002) Short, long, and beyond: molecular and embryological approaches to insect segmentation. Annu Rev Entomol 47: 669-699.
24. Dearden PK, Wilson MJ, Sablan L, Osborne PW, Havler M, et al. (2006) Patterns of conservation and change in honey bee developmental genes. Genome Res 16: 1376-1384.
25. Shigenobu S, Bickel RD, Brisson JA, Butts T, Chang CC, et al. (2010) Comprehensive survey of developmental genes in the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum: frequent lineage-specific duplications and losses of developmental genes. Insect Mol Biol 19 (Suppl 2): 47-62.
26. Zdobnov EM, von Mering C, Letunic I, Torrents D, Suyama M, et al. (2002) Comparative genome and proteome analysis of Anopheles gambiae and Drosophila melanogaster. Science 298: 149-159.
27. Pires-daSilva A, Sommer RJ, (2003) The evolution of signalling pathways in animal development. Nat Rev Genet 4: 39-49.
28. Dasgupta R, (2009) Functional genomic approaches targeting the wnt signaling network. Curr Drug Targets 10: 620-631.
29. Kusserow A, Pang K, Sturm C, Hrouda M, Lentfer J, et al. (2005) Unexpected complexity of the Wnt gene family in a sea anemone. Nature 433: 156-160.
30. Feiguin F, Hannus M, Mlodzik M, Eaton S, (2001) The ankyrin repeat protein Diego mediates Frizzled-dependent planar polarization. Dev Cell 1: 93-101.
31. McNeill H, (2010) Planar cell polarity: keeping hairs straight is not so simple. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2: a003376.
32. Artavanis-Tsakonas S, Muskavitch MA, (2010) Notch: the past, the present, and the future. Curr Top Dev Biol 92: 1-29.
33. Smedley D, Haider S, Ballester B, Holland R, London D, et al. (2009) BioMart-biological queries made easy. BMC Genomics 10: 22.
34. Lawson D, Arensburger P, Atkinson P, Besansky NJ, Bruggner RV, et al. (2009) VectorBase: a data resource for invertebrate vector genomics. Nucleic Acids Res 37: D583-587.
35. Brody T, (1999) The Interactive Fly: gene networks, development and the Internet. Trends Genet 15: 333-334.
36. Jiang J, (2006) Regulation of Hh/Gli signaling by dual ubiquitin pathways. Cell Cycle 5: 2457-2463.
37. Schweitzer R, Shilo BZ, (1997) A thousand and one roles for the Drosophila EGF receptor. Trends Genet 13: 191-196.
38. Klein DE, Nappi VM, Reeves GT, Shvartsman SY, Lemmon MA, (2004) Argos inhibits epidermal growth factor receptor signalling by ligand sequestration. Nature 430: 1040-1044.
39. Volk T, (2010) Drosophila star proteins: what can be learned from flies? Adv Exp Med Biol 693: 93-105.
40. Huang P, Stern MJ, (2005) FGF signaling in flies and worms: more and more relevant to vertebrate biology. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 16: 151-158.
41. Stathopoulos A, Tam B, Ronshaugen M, Frasch M, Levine M, (2004) pyramus and thisbe: FGF genes that pattern the mesoderm of Drosophila embryos. Genes Dev 18: 687-699.
42. Wassarman DA, Therrien M, Rubin GM, (1995) The Ras signaling pathway in Drosophila. Curr Opin Genet Dev 5: 44-50.
43. Podos SD, Ferguson EL, (1999) Morphogen gradients: new insights from DPP. Trends Genet 15: 396-402.
44. Schwank G, Basler K, (2010) Regulation of organ growth by morphogen gradients. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2: a001669.
45. Van der Zee M, da Fonseca RN, Roth S, (2008) TGFbeta signaling in Tribolium: vertebrate-like components in a beetle. Dev Genes Evol 218: 203-213.
46. Schroder R, Eckert C, Wolff C, Tautz D, (2000) Conserved and divergent aspects of terminal patterning in the beetle Tribolium castaneum. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97: 6591-6596.
47. McGregor AP, (2005) How to get ahead: the origin, evolution and function of bicoid. Bioessays 27: 904-913.
48. Lehmann R, Nusslein-Volhard C, (1986) Abdominal segmentation, pole cell formation, and embryonic polarity require the localized activity of oskar, a maternal gene in Drosophila. Cell 47: 141-152.
49. Nusslein-Volhard C, Wieschaus E, (1980) Mutations affecting segment number and polarity in Drosophila. Nature 287: 795-801.
50. Hirth F, Therianos S, Loop T, Gehring WJ, Reichert H, et al. (1995) Developmental defects in brain segmentation caused by mutations of the homeobox genes orthodenticle and empty spiracles in Drosophila. Neuron 15: 769-778.
51. Cohen SM, Jurgens G, (1990) Mediation of Drosophila head development by gap-like segmentation genes. Nature 346: 482-485.
52. Noll M, (1993) Evolution and role of Pax genes. Curr Opin Genet Dev 3: 595-605.
53. Davis GK, Jaramillo CA, Patel NH, (2001) Pax group III genes and the evolution of insect pair-rule patterning. Development 128: 3445-3458.
54. Jin Z, Xie T, (2006) Germline specification: small things have a big role. Curr Biol 16: R966-967.
55. Campbell CL, Black WCt, Hess AM, Foy BD, (2008) Comparative genomics of small RNA regulatory pathway components in vector mosquitoes. BMC Genomics 9: 425.
56. Thomson T, Lin H, (2009) The biogenesis and function of PIWI proteins and piRNAs: progress and prospect. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 25: 355-376.
57. Alonso MC, Cabrera CV, (1988) The achaete-scute gene complex of Drosophila melanogaster comprises four homologous genes. EMBO J 7: 2585-2591.
58. Hinz U, Giebel B, Campos-Ortega JA, (1994) The basic-helix-loop-helix domain of Drosophila lethal of scute protein is sufficient for proneural function and activates neurogenic genes. Cell 76: 77-87.
59. Kaprielian Z, Runko E, Imondi R, (2001) Axon guidance at the midline choice point. Dev Dyn 221: 154-181.
60. Mitchell KJ, Doyle JL, Serafini T, Kennedy TE, Tessier-Lavigne M, et al. (1996) Genetic analysis of Netrin genes in Drosophila: Netrins guide CNS commissural axons and peripheral motor axons. Neuron 17: 203-215.
61. Harris R, Sabatelli LM, Seeger MA, (1996) Guidance cues at the Drosophila CNS midline: identification and characterization of two Drosophila Netrin/UNC-6 homologs. Neuron 17: 217-228.
62. Hing H, Xiao J, Harden N, Lim L, Zipursky SL, (1999) Pak functions downstream of Dock to regulate photoreceptor axon guidance in Drosophila. Cell 97: 853-863.
63. Terman JR, Kolodkin AL, (2004) Nervy links protein kinase a to plexin-mediated semaphorin repulsion. Science 303: 1204-1207.
64. Senti K, Keleman K, Eisenhaber F, Dickson BJ, (2000) brakeless is required for lamina targeting of R1-R6 axons in the Drosophila visual system. Development 127: 2291-2301.
65. Rao Y, Wu Y, (2000) [The molecular mechanism of neuronal migration]. Sheng Li Ke Xue Jin Zhan 31: 198-204.
66. Sonnenfeld MJ, Barazesh N, Sedaghat Y, Fan C, (2004) The jing and ras1 pathways are functionally related during CNS midline and tracheal development. Mech Dev 121: 1531-1547.
67. Orme M, Meier P, (2009) Inhibitor of apoptosis proteins in Drosophila: gatekeepers of death. Apoptosis 14: 950-960.
68. Steller H, (2008) Regulation of apoptosis in Drosophila. Cell Death Differ 15: 1132-1138.
69. Bryant B, Blair CD, Olson KE, Clem RJ, (2008) Annotation and expression profiling of apoptosis-related genes in the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 38: 331-345.
70. Cooper DM, Pio F, Thi EP, Theilmann D, Lowenberger C, (2007) Characterization of Aedes Dredd: a novel initiator caspase from the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 37: 559-569.
71. Cooper DM, Thi EP, Chamberlain CM, Pio F, Lowenberger C, (2007) Aedes Dronc: a novel ecdysone-inducible caspase in the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. Insect Mol Biol 16: 563-572.
72. Bryant B, Macdonald W, Raikhel AS, (2010) microRNA miR-275 is indispensable for blood digestion and egg development in the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107: 22391-22398.
73. Zhou L, Jiang G, Chan G, Santos CP, Severson DW, et al. (2005) Michelob_X is the missing inhibitor of apoptosis protein antagonist in mosquito genomes. EMBO Rep 6: 769-774.
74. Liu Q, Clem RJ, (2011) Defining the core apoptosis pathway in the mosquito disease vector Aedes aegypti: the roles of iap1, ark, dronc, and effector caspases. Apoptosis 16: 105-113.
75. Song Z, McCall K, Steller H, (1997) DCP-1, a Drosophila cell death protease essential for development. Science 275: 536-540.
76. Catteruccia F, (2007) Malaria vector control in the third millennium: progress and perspectives of molecular approaches. Pest Manag Sci 63: 634-640.
77. Aguilar R, Jedlicka AE, Mintz M, Mahairaki V, Scott AL, et al. (2005) Global gene expression analysis of Anopheles gambiae responses to microbial challenge. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 35: 709-719.
78. Black WCt, Bennett KE, Gorrochotegui-Escalante N, Barillas-Mury CV, Fernandez-Salas I, et al. (2002) Flavivirus susceptibility in Aedes aegypti. Arch Med Res 33: 379-388.
79. Mueller AK, Kohlhepp F, Hammerschmidt C, Michel K, (2010) Invasion of mosquito salivary glands by malaria parasites: prerequisites and defense strategies. Int J Parasitol 40: 1229-1235.
80. Almeras L, Fontaine A, Belghazi M, Bourdon S, Boucomont-Chapeaublanc E, et al. (2010) Salivary gland protein repertoire from Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 10: 391-402.
81. Chen MS, Liu X, Yang Z, Zhao H, Shukle RH, et al. (2010) Unusual conservation among genes encoding small secreted salivary gland proteins from a gall midge. BMC Evol Biol 10: 296.
82. Grossman GL, James AA, (1993) The salivary glands of the vector mosquito, Aedes aegypti, express a novel member of the amylase gene family. Insect Mol Biol 1: 223-232.
83. Rossignol PA, Lueders AM, (1986) Bacteriolytic factor in the salivary glands of Aedes aegypti. Comp Biochem Physiol B 83: 819-822.
84. Calvo E, Mans BJ, Andersen JF, Ribeiro JM, (2006) Function and evolution of a mosquito salivary protein family. J Biol Chem 281: 1935-1942.
85. Abrams EW, Vining MS, Andrew DJ, (2003) Constructing an organ: the Drosophila salivary gland as a model for tube formation. Trends Cell Biol 13: 247-254.
86. Fuse N, Hirose S, Hayashi S, (1994) Diploidy of Drosophila imaginal cells is maintained by a transcriptional repressor encoded by escargot. Genes Dev 8: 2270-2281.
87. Andrew DJ, Henderson KD, Seshaiah P, (2000) Salivary gland development in Drosophila melanogaster. Mech Dev 92: 5-17.
88. Pirrotta V, Bickel S, Mariani C, (1988) Developmental expression of the Drosophila zeste gene and localization of zeste protein on polytene chromosomes. Genes Dev 2: 1839-1850.
89. Lammel U, Meadows L, Saumweber H, (2000) Analysis of Drosophila salivary gland, epidermis and CNS development suggests an additional function of brinker in anterior-posterior cell fate specification. Mech Dev 92: 179-191.
90. Jones NA, Kuo YM, Sun YH, Beckendorf SK, (1998) The Drosophila Pax gene eye gone is required for embryonic salivary duct development. Development 125: 4163-4174.
91. Curtiss J, Heilig JS, (1995) Establishment of Drosophila imaginal precursor cells is controlled by the Arrowhead gene. Development 121: 3819-3828.
92. Stocker RF, (2009) The olfactory pathway of adult and larval Drosophila: conservation or adaptation to stage-specific needs? Ann N Y Acad Sci 1170: 482-486.
93. Spletter ML, Liu J, Su H, Giniger E, Komiyama T, et al. (2007) Lola regulates Drosophila olfactory projection neuron identity and targeting specificity. Neural Dev 2: 14.
94. Bashaw GJ, (2007) Semaphorin directs axon traffic in the fly olfactory system. Neuron 53: 157-159.
95. Jhaveri D, Sen A, Rodrigues V, (2000) Mechanisms underlying olfactory neuronal connectivity in Drosophila-the atonal lineage organizes the periphery while sensory neurons and glia pattern the olfactory lobe. Dev Biol 226: 73-87.
96. Goulding SE, zur Lage P, Jarman AP, (2000) amos, a proneural gene for Drosophila olfactory sense organs that is regulated by lozenge. Neuron 25: 69-78.
97. Komiyama T, Luo L, (2007) Intrinsic control of precise dendritic targeting by an ensemble of transcription factors. Curr Biol 17: 278-285.
98. Emerald BS, Curtiss J, Mlodzik M, Cohen SM, (2003) Distal antenna and distal antenna related encode nuclear proteins containing pipsqueak motifs involved in antenna development in Drosophila. Development 130: 1171-1180.
99. Kim SN, Jung KI, Chung HM, Kim SH, Jeon SH, (2008) The pleiohomeotic gene is required for maintaining expression of genes functioning in ventral appendage formation in Drosophila melanogaster. Dev Biol 319: 121-129.
100. Salazar MI, Richardson JH, Sanchez-Vargas I, Olson KE, Beaty BJ, (2007) Dengue virus type 2: replication and tropisms in orally infected Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. BMC Microbiol 7: 9.
101. Romoser WS, Wasieloski LP Jr, Pushko P, Kondig JP, Lerdthusnee K, et al. (2004) Evidence for arbovirus dissemination conduits from the mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) midgut. J Med Entomol 41: 467-475.
102. Boggs RT, Gregor P, Idriss S, Belote JM, McKeown M, (1987) Regulation of sexual differentiation in D. melanogaster via alternative splicing of RNA from the transformer gene. Cell 50: 739-747.
103. Baker BS, Wolfner MF, (1988) A molecular analysis of doublesex, a bifunctional gene that controls both male and female sexual differentiation in Drosophila melanogaster. Genes Dev 2: 477-489.
104. Burtis KC, Baker BS, (1989) Drosophila doublesex gene controls somatic sexual differentiation by producing alternatively spliced mRNAs encoding related sex-specific polypeptides. Cell 56: 997-1010.
105. Hoshijima K, Inoue K, Higuchi I, Sakamoto H, Shimura Y, (1991) Control of doublesex alternative splicing by transformer and transformer-2 in Drosophila. Science 252: 833-836.
106. Craig GB Jr, Hickey WA, (1967) Current status of the formal genetics of Aedes aegypti. Bull World Health Organ 36: 559-562.
107. Scali C, Catteruccia F, Li Q, Crisanti A, (2005) Identification of sex-specific transcripts of the Anopheles gambiae doublesex gene. J Exp Biol 208: 3701-3709.
108. Gempe T, Beye M, (2010) Function and evolution of sex determination mechanisms, genes and pathways in insects. Bioessays 33: 52-60.
109. Beye M, Hasselmann M, Fondrk MK, Page RE, Omholt SW, (2003) The gene csd is the primary signal for sexual development in the honeybee and encodes an SR-type protein. Cell 114: 419-429.
110. Li H, Baker BS, (1998) hermaphrodite and doublesex function both dependently and independently to control various aspects of sexual differentiation in Drosophila. Development 125: 2641-2651.
111. Cline TW, Meyer BJ, (1996) Vive la difference: males vs females in flies vs worms. Annu Rev Genet 30: 637-702.
112. Posnien N, Schinko JB, Kittelmann S, Bucher G, (2010) Genetics, development and composition of the insect head-a beetle's view. Arthropod Struct Dev 39: 399-410.
113. Nassif C, Daniel A, Lengyel JA, Hartenstein V, (1998) The role of morphogenetic cell death during Drosophila embryonic head development. Dev Biol 197: 170-186.
114. Abbott MK, Lengyel JA, (1991) Embryonic head involution and rotation of male terminalia require the Drosophila locus head involution defective. Genetics 129: 783-789.
115. Lilly B, O'Keefe DD, Thomas JB, Botas J, (1999) The LIM homeodomain protein dLim1 defines a subclass of neurons within the embryonic ventral nerve cord of Drosophila. Mech Dev 88: 195-205.
116. Li S, Mead EA, Liang S, Tu Z, (2009) Direct sequencing and expression analysis of a large number of miRNAs in Aedes aegypti and a multi-species survey of novel mosquito miRNAs. BMC Genomics 10: 581.
117. Lynch JA, Brent AE, Leaf DS, Pultz MA, Desplan C, (2006) Localized maternal orthodenticle patterns anterior and posterior in the long germ wasp Nasonia. Nature 439: 728-732.
118. Mohler J, Mahaffey JW, Deutsch E, Vani K, (1995) Control of Drosophila head segment identity by the bZIP homeotic gene cnc. Development 121: 237-247.
119. McHaffey DG, (1972) Photoperiod and temperature influences on diapause in eggs of the floodwater mosquito Aedes vexans (Meigen) (Diptera: Culicidae). J Med Entomol 9: 564-571.
120. Iwai S, Thi Dieu Trang L, Sehadova H, Takeda M, (2008) Expression analyses of casein kinase 2alpha and casein kinase 2beta in the silkmoth, Bombyx mori. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 149: 38-46.
121. Xu WH, Yamashita O, (1996) Expression of the Gene Encoding Diapause Hormone and Pheromone Biosynthesis Activating Neuropeptide During Post-embryonic Development in the Silkworm, Bombyx mori. Sheng Wu Hua Xue Yu Sheng Wu Wu Li Xue Bao (Shanghai) 28: 214-217.
122. Noguchi H, Hayakawa Y, (2001) Dopamine is a key factor for the induction of egg diapause of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Eur J Biochem 268: 774-780.
123. Koutsos AC, Blass C, Meister S, Schmidt S, MacCallum RM, et al. (2007) Life cycle transcriptome of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae and comparison with the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104: 11304-11309.
124. Tajima F, (1993) Statistical analysis of DNA polymorphism. Jpn J Genet 68: 567-595.
125. Tweedie S, Ashburner M, Falls K, Leyland P, McQuilton P, et al. (2009) FlyBase: enhancing Drosophila Gene Ontology annotations. Nucleic Acids Res 37: D555-559.
126. Karlin S, Burge C, (1996) Trinucleotide repeats and long homopeptides in genes and proteins associated with nervous system disease and development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93: 1560-1565.
127. Huntley MA, Golding GB, (2004) Neurological proteins are not enriched for repetitive sequences. Genetics 166: 1141-1154.
128. Huntley MA, Clark AG, (2007) Evolutionary analysis of amino acid repeats across the genomes of 12 Drosophila species. Mol Biol Evol 24: 2598-2609.
129. Karlin S, Brocchieri L, Bergman A, Mrazek J, Gentles AJ, (2002) Amino acid runs in eukaryotic proteomes and disease associations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99: 333-338.
130. Wharton KA, Yedvobnick B, Finnerty VG, Artavanis-Tsakonas S, (1985) opa: a novel family of transcribed repeats shared by the Notch locus and other developmentally regulated loci in D. melanogaster. Cell 40: 55-62.
131. Hornstein E, Shomron N, (2006) Canalization of development by microRNAs. Nat Genet 38 (Suppl): S20-24.
132. Wienholds E, Kloosterman WP, Miska E, Alvarez-Saavedra E, Berezikov E, et al. (2005) MicroRNA expression in zebrafish embryonic development. Science 309: 310-311.
133. Wienholds E, Plasterk RH, (2005) MicroRNA function in animal development. FEBS Lett 579: 5911-5922.
134. Somel M, Guo S, Fu N, Yan Z, Hu HY, et al. (2010) MicroRNA, mRNA, and protein expression link development and aging in human and macaque brain. Genome Res 20: 1207-1218.
135. Behura SK, (2007) Insect microRNAs: Structure, function and evolution. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 37: 3-9.
136. Jones CI, Newbury SF, (2010) Functions of microRNAs in Drosophila development. Biochem Soc Trans 38: 1137-1143.
137. Griffiths-Jones S, (2006) miRBase: the microRNA sequence database. Methods Mol Biol 342: 129-138.
138. Mead EA, Tu Z, (2008) Cloning, characterization, and expression of microRNAs from the Asian malaria mosquito, Anopheles stephensi. BMC Genomics 9: 244.
139. Patel NH, Prince VE, (2000) Beyond the Hox complex. Genome Biol 1: REVIEWS1027.
140. Kriventseva EV, Rahman N, Espinosa O, Zdobnov EM, (2008) OrthoDB: the hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. Nucleic Acids Res 36: D271-275.
141. O'Brien KP, Remm M, Sonnhammer EL, (2005) Inparanoid: a comprehensive database of eukaryotic orthologs. Nucleic Acids Res 33: D476-480.
142. Altschul SF, Madden TL, Schaffer AA, Zhang J, Zhang Z, et al. (1997) Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs. Nucleic Acids Res 25: 3389-3402.
143. Larkin MA, Blackshields G, Brown NP, Chenna R, McGettigan PA, et al. (2007) Clustal W and Clustal X version 2.0. Bioinformatics 23: 2947-2948.
144. Tamura K, Dudley J, Nei M, Kumar S, (2007) MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. Mol Biol Evol 24: 1596-1599.
145. Zuckerkandl E, Pauling L, (1965) Evolutionary divergence and convergence in the proteins. In: Vogel VBaHJ, editors. Evolving Genes and Proteins New York Academic Press pp. 97-166.
146. Nei M, Kumar S, (2000) Molecular Evolution and Phylogenetics New York Oxford University Press.
147. Kofler R, Schlotterer C, Lelley T, (2007) SciRoKo: a new tool for whole genome microsatellite search and investigation. Bioinformatics 23: 1683-1685.