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Unitigs are sets of sequence reads that have been uniquely assembled into a single contiguous sequence such that no fragment in the unitig overlaps a fragment not in the unitig. The depth of reads in a unitig and the mate pair structure between it and other unitigs are used to determine whether a given unitig has single or multiple copies in the genome. We define contigs as sets of overlapping unitigs. Unlike scaffolds, which comprise ordered and oriented contigs, unitigs and contigs do not have internal gaps.
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A nucleotide position was considered to be a SND if the respective column of the multialignment satisfied the following three criteria. First, two different bases (A, C, G, T, or unknown) had to be observed, each in at least two fragments. Second, the total number of fragments covering the column had to be ≤15 [halfway between single (10x) and double (20x) coverage] to reduce the frequency of false positives resulting from overcollapsed repeats. Third, we eliminated all but one of a run of adjacent SND columns so that block mismatches or (more likely) block indels (insertions/deletions) were counted only once.
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SND "balance" is the ratio of the number of fragments showing the second most frequent character in a column to the number showing the most frequent character.
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Supported in part by NIH grant U01AI50687 (R.A.H.) and grants U01AI48846 and R01AI44273 (F.H.C.) on behalf of the Anopheles gambiae Genome Consortium, and by the French Ministry of Research. We thank K. Aultman (NIAID) for her insights and effective coordination, D. Lilley (Celera) for competent financial and administrative management, and all members of the sequencing and support teams at the sequencing centers Celera, Genoscope, and TIGR.
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